Academic literature on the topic 'Women South Australia Economic conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Women South Australia Economic conditions"
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Syed, Najia, Cathy Banwell, and Tehzeeb Zulfiqar. "Highly Skilled South Asian Migrant Women in Australia: Hidden Economic Assets." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 12 (October 30, 2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n12p130.
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Finding a balance between work and family life is challenging for many women, particularly migrant women living in Australia without family support. This study provides insights into their dilemmas, difficulties and strengths in terms of household responsibilities and employment pressures. Design: Qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted with ten South Asian skilled mothers living in Canberra, Australia. Findings: Participants were positive about contributing to their family’s income and gaining financial independence. However, as skilled migrant women, they struggled to use their work skills due to increased demands of domestic responsibilities. They often negotiated work and family life by seeking low-prospect careers. Conclusion: The socio-cultural factors faced by South Asian migrant women have a significant impact on their work-life balance. Deskilling, increased work pressures and lack of support may negatively impact their career aspirations and well-being. Flexible policies can help mitigate these barriers to help migrant women maintain a work-life balance.
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de Crespigny, Charlotte, Mette Groenkjaer, Wendy Casey, Helen Murray, and Warren Parfoot. "Racism and Injustice: Urban Aboriginal Women's Experiences when Patronising Licensed Premises in South Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 9, no. 1 (2003): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py03014.
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This paper presents the findings regarding urban, predominantly young, Aboriginal women's experiences of patronising licensed premises in South Australia. This research aimed to tap new information directly from the experiences of participants who lived in the southern metropolitan region of South Australia. It focused on their experiences of socialising at licensed premises such as pubs and clubs, locally, and in the city of Adelaide. A qualitative research design within the critical social Scientific paradigm was applied using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. The recommendations developed from the findings, and the final community report, were developed collaboratively with participants and other Aboriginal women from their local community. Consistent with the experiences of other young non-Aboriginal women in South Australia, as reported by the chief investigator of this study, the findings of this research show that Aboriginal women try to enjoy socialising with friends and family in licensed premises such as pubs and clubs. However, the Aboriginal women were constrained by frequently experiencing racism and injustices when they tried to enter, or when inside, pubs and clubs. Being accused of stealing, prevented from entering or being expelled from venues, racist comments and being subjected to physical violence, conflict with bar and security staff and non-Aboriginal patrons, as well as lack of safety, were some of the issues these Aboriginal women have experienced in licensed premises in urban and suburban South Australia. This research now offers recommendations from the women that call for important changes in policy and service provision that can improve the conditions of Aboriginal women when they are visiting licensed premises.
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Taylor, Richard, Andrew Page, Stephen Morrell, Greg Carter, and James Harrison. "Socio-economic differentials in mental disorders and suicide attempts in Australia." British Journal of Psychiatry 185, no. 6 (December 2004): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.6.486.
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BackgroundResponses to mental disorders usually focus on treatment; socio-economic conditions are less likely to be considered.AimsTo examine social determinants of mental disorders and attempted suicide in Australia.MethodData from the 1997 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (n=10 641) were used to estimate associations between socio-economic status, mental disorders and attempted suicide. Logistic regression was used to adjust for age, urban/rural residence and country of birth. Socio-economic status differentials in suicide attempts were also adjusted for mental disorders.ResultsSignificant increasing gradients from high to low levels of education and occupational status (employed) were evident for affective disorders and anxiety disorders in both men and women and for substance use disorders in men. Similar gradients were found for suicide attempts, which decreased after adjusting for mental disorders, but remained significant in the working-age employed.ConclusionsThese findings suggest social causation of mental disorders and suicide attempts, and the need for social and economic responses beyond provision of mental health services.
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Kim, Bok-Tae, and Cheon Geun Choi. "Understanding female marriage immigrants’ participation in economic activities and their working conditions in South Korea." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 27, no. 3 (August 27, 2018): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196818793737.
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Using data from the 2012 National Multicultural Family Survey, this study examines various factors that influence female marriage immigrants’ participation in economic activities and their working conditions in South Korea. The results suggest that household characteristics, human capital and social relations–discrimination factors, as well as experience with employment support services, have significant positive effects on female marriage immigrants’ participation in economic activities and their working conditions. While the government’s employment support services positively affect marriage immigrants’ decision to participate in economic activities, they do not contribute toward improving their working conditions. There is a need for governmental employment support services to take specific actions to help improve the working conditions of immigrant women.
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Hastuti, Hastuti, and Edi Widodo. "The Roles of Women in Food Security in South Merapi Slope Villages." Asian Social Science 16, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n9p1.
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Economic conditions and poverty in rural areas have become problems in meeting the needs of food as the most basic needs/need. This problem can lead to food insecurity. This research aims to: (1) examine the characteristics of women; (2) study the obstacles faced by women in achieving food security; and (3) investigate women's efforts to achieve food security. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive technique by means of frequency tables. The livelihood diversification in Jetis Suruh was more visible than that in Bulus Lor. The fulfillment of individual food needs was related to economic, social, and cultural conditions. The year-round food needs of both villages indicated the need for food throughout the year. The need for food throughout the year in Bulus Lor was relatively better than that in Jetis Suruh. In general, food security in Bulus Lor was better than that in Jetis Suruh. Food security included the quantity and quality of food that met the standard of living of all family members. The availability of food in every household experienced dynamics at a certain time. When confronted with the limited food availability challenge, food for fathers was prioritized and this was dominant in both villages. Strategies to expand the diversification of businesses undertaken to increase household incomes included mobilizing all household members to go to work, borrowing money to make ends meet, saving money, reducing food, reducing the quality of food consumption, migrating jobs, and asking for help from family through friendship.
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Wyborn, D., L. de Graaf, S. Hann, and B. Nicholson. "PROGRESS IN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, COOPER BASIN, SOUTH AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 45, no. 1 (2005): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj04015.
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Geodynamics Limited is nearing the completion of its ‘proof of concept’ hot fractured rock (HFR) program to extract superheated hot water for electricity generation from granite buried beneath the Cooper Basin. Difficult drilling conditions were discovered in the target granite when the Habanero–1 well penetrated permeable sub-horizontal fractures at more than 4,000 m depth. The well was completed at 4,421 m with overpressures in the fractures around this depth exceeding pressures projected from a hydrostatic gradient by more than 5,000 psi. The static rock temperature at the bottom of the well is about 250°C.The overpressures assisted in the development of the world’s largest underground heat exchanger, a volume of rock more than 0.7 km3 defined by more than 11,700 microseismic events located on-site during the injection of 23 ML of fresh water into the granite fracture network. The horizontal heat exchanger is more than 2 km north–south, more than 1 km east–west and more than 300 m thick. During its development there was no evidence of direct upwards growth towards the sedimentary cover, which is at about 3,700 m, though a small number of events were observed above the main cloud of events. From production logging surveys, a major fracture at a depth of 4,254 m is interpreted to have taken most of the flow during the injection.The second well (Habanero–2) was located 500 m southwest of the first. Before intersecting a major fracture, interpreted to be an extension of the dominant fracture in Habanero–1, it was drilled to a depth of 4,325 m. At this depth, total drilling circulation losses were encountered which were only partially overcome with the pumping of calcium carbonate lost circulation material. During the operation the lower 245 m of the drill stem was irretrievably lost, and the well was subsequently sidetracked to a total depth of 4,358 m, just below the main fracture.Flow and circulation testing between the two wells in early 2005 is designed to demonstrate the economic potential of the far-field geothermal system and the heat exchange volume between the two wells.
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Tran, Mai, Hai Phung, Lisa Young, Ursula Hopper, and Ken Hillman. "Patterns and characteristics of ethnic Australian women utilising ethno-specific maternal and child health services." Australian Health Review 25, no. 4 (2002): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020107.
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Few studies have explored the socio-economic profile, service utilisation, obstetric history and pregnancy outcomes of ethnic women who utilise ethno-specific obstetric services in Australia. The purpose of this study was to form a profile of women who accessed the Ethnic Obstetric Liaison Services (EOLO) in South Western Sydney Area Health Service (SWSAHS), New South Wales and explore their beliefs about using maternal and infant health services. We found that the prevalence of risks and special needs varied significantly by language groups in this study sample. Our results suggest that equity of access to quality care for this group of mothers and infants can be assured if models similar to the EOLO in SWSAHS are thoroughly planned and developed, and take account of cultural appropriateness for the population served.
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Heymer, Kelly-Jean, Matthias Wentzlaff-Eggebert, Elissa Mortimer, and David P. Wilson. "An economic case for providing free access to antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive people in South Australia." Sexual Health 9, no. 3 (2012): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10148.
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Background As financial constraints can be a barrier to accessing HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART), we argue for the removal of copayment requirements from HIV medications in South Australia. Methods: Using a simple mathematical model informed by available behavioural and biological data and reflecting the HIV epidemiology in South Australia, we calculated the expected number of new HIV transmissions caused by persons who are not currently on ART compared with transmissions for people on ART. The extra financial investment required to cover the copayments to prevent an HIV infection was compared with the treatment costs saved due to averting HIV infections. Results: It was estimated that one HIV infection is prevented per year for every 31.4 persons (median, 24.0–42.7 interquartile range (IQR)) who receive treatment. By considering the incremental change in costs and outcomes of a change in program from the current status quo, it would cost the health sector $17 860 per infection averted (median, $13 651–24 287 IQR) if ART is provided as a three-dose, three-drug combination without requirements for user-pay copayments. Conclusions: The costs of removing copayment fees for ART are less than the costs of treating extra HIV infections that would result under current conditions. Removing the copayment requirement for HIV medication would be cost-effective from a governmental perspective.
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Klasen, Stephan. "What Explains Uneven Female Labor Force Participation Levels and Trends in Developing Countries?" World Bank Research Observer 34, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 161–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkz005.
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Abstract Rapid fertility decline, a strong expansion of female education, and favorable economic conditions should have promoted female labor force participation in developing countries. Yet trends in female labor force participation rates (FLFP) have been quite heterogeneous, rising strongly in Latin America and stagnating in many other regions, while improvements were modest in the Middle East and female participation even fell in South Asia. These trends are inconsistent with secular theories such as the feminization U hypothesis but point to an interplay of initial conditions, economic structure, structural change, and persistent gender norms and values. We find that differences in levels are heavily affected by historical differences in economic structure that circumscribe women's economic opportunities still today. Shocks can bring about drastic changes, with the experience of socialism being the most important shock to women's labor force participation. Trends are heavily affected by how much women's labor force participation depends on their household's economic conditions, how jobs deemed appropriate for more educated women are growing relative to the supply of more educated women, whether growth strategies are promoting female employment, and to what extent women are able to break down occupational barriers within the sectors where women predominantly work.
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Rutherford, Blair. "Nervous Conditions on the Limpopo: Gendered Insecurities, Livelihoods, and Zimbabwean Migrants in Northern South Africa." Studies in Social Justice 2020, no. 14 (March 27, 2020): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.1869.
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This paper examines some of the gendered insecurities informing some of the livelihood practices of Zimbabwean migrants in northern South Africa from 2004-2011, the period in which I carried out almost annual ethnographic research in this region. Situating these practices within wider policy shifts and changing migration patterns at the national and local scales, this paper shows the importance of attending to gendered dependencies and insecurities when analysing migrant livelihoods in southern Africa. These include those found within humanitarian organizations targeting Zimbabwean migrants in their programs and policies in the border area. These gendered insecurities, which are woven into the fabric of travel, work and accommodation for these migrant Zimbabwean women in northern South Africa, should be examined in struggles for social justice. By drawing on the lens of social critique to engender a wider sense of the social justice needs for Zimbabwean women migrants in South Africa, this essay aims to broaden the focus of activism on women migrants to also attend to gendered insecurities in their everyday economic and shelter-seeking activities.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women South Australia Economic conditions"
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Birch, Elisa Rose. "The determinants of labour supply and fertility behaviour : a study of Australian women." UWA Business School, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0061.
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There are many potential determinants of women?s labour supply including wages, unearned income, human capital endowments, demographic characteristics and family traits. Fertility behaviour, including the number of children and age of children, is also an important factor in women’s labour supply decisions. Many factors which affect women’s decisions on participating in the labour market and hours of work are also key influences on their decisions on starting a family and having a desired number of children. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of labour supply and fertility behaviour of Australian women. Using cross-sectional data, labour supply models corrected for sample selection bias, and fertility models examining different aspects of family size, the thesis finds that women’s labour supply decisions are largely influenced by their wages and fertility behaviour. Their decisions on completed fertility, starting a family and having additional children are largely influenced by their actual or potential wages.
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Rice-Snow, Jennifer L. "Embracing complexity : an analysis of gender status in South American societies." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1133727.
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This study analyzes the status of women and men in eight South American societies, as reported in ethnographies. It uses a multidimensional model of status, examined in two aspects (distribution of economic goods and child care), and compares women's and men's resulting status configurations within societies and among them. Overall, women's statuses are highest in the domestic domain and lowest in the political public area for both variables. Men have high statuses in all areas of distribution, especially the public. Women generally have less choice than men do in their participation in both variables. An important outcome of this study is a method for analyzing qualitative information in context, allowing the researcher to present analysis in as much context as is appropriate, then display the results in a comparable form. This thesis also includes status flexibility, an innovation which allows presentation of the range of statuses for women and men.Department of Anthropology
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袁月興 and Yuet-hing Cynthia Yuen. "Regulation, negotiation and resistance: rethinking women's experiences of the reform in rural south China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220253.
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Schwartz, Linda Mary. "Grandmothers, mothers and daughters : transformations and coping strategies in Xhosa households in Grahamstown." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006190.
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The aim of this oral history study is to explore the ways in which constructions of gender have brought women to the point where they now bear most of the burden of responsibility in their relationships with men and for the wellbeing of children. This study speaks into the gap of the undocumented history of women's lived experience as told by women themselves. It is a generational study which charts the transformations and coping strategies of women in Xhosa households since the 1940s. The study found that the familial burdens related to women's sexuality and fertility, raising of children and financial responsibilities in a time of HIV / AIDS have increased. Teenage pregnancies, the discipline of children, HIV / AIDS and the ever present aspects of poverty are major issues these women face. The stress of day to day demands on their lives precluded them the opportunity to reflect on the underlying causes and historical roots of their circumstances. Little understanding of the gendered order of their lives was expressed by the respondents. The use of feminist methodology authenticated the women's stories as they produced knowledge of their lived experience. The interview questions raised awareness of the gender bias underlying much of their struggles at home.KMBT_363
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Mrara, Lulama. "The role of women in black family business in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12253.
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Family businesses are major contributors to economies around the world. It is also recognised that family businesses are critical to entrepreneurship, socio- economic development and industrialisation around the world. Women in family business are major contributors to the success of the family business around the world. Limited research is available on the role of women in family business. The research conducted yielded similar results for South Africa. The impact of family business on entrepreneurship and the economy, with respect to socio- economic development, has placed great interest in family business studies in South Africa. This study focused on the role of women in black family business in South Africa. This research found that women in black family business focus on bringing softer skills to the business which are beneficial for people management. In their capacity as managers in the family business, women tend to take on a supportive role to the spouse; they tend to focus on ensuring a harmonious and peaceful culture in the work place. Women in family business have a dual role of ensuring business success and quality family life. They prefer to work in the shadow of their male counterparts. Challenges faced by women in black family business have been identified as the lack of inclusion in strategic decision- making, lack of decision-making career opportunities and the lack of consideration for succession within the business, a lack of business mentorship and ambiguity of roles in the business and in the family. It has been found that the role of women in black family business may be enhanced going forward. This may be done through educational programmes or workshops for management skills for women, networking opportunities and support groups, counselling on work/family management strategies, and spousal sharing of responsibilities in the work- family management relationship. A suggested area for future research is the impact of culture in family business in South Africa.
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Dhlodhlo, Lindelani Mkhumbuzi. "Exploring the local economic development initiatives for unemployed rural women in Mandeni municipality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5393.
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Thesis (MPA (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Unemployment and poverty have an adverse effect on society and proactive and sustainable measures are needed to deal with it. Women and rural women in particular, form the most affected group when it comes to unemployment and poverty. Illiteracy and underdevelopment are the major barriers to the advancement of unemployed rural women. Women in rural settings in most cases rely on local economic development (LED) initiatives for day-to-day survival. Local government has a constitutional mandate to promote social and economic development in order to improve the quality life for the citizens of South Africa. This mandate has been followed by a number of policy documents and guidelines for LED to enable local authorities to perform this task efficiently. The concept of LED is a micro approach in that it deals directly with local issues of economic development through partnerships between communities, business, workers, development agencies and governmental agencies to promote local economy. There is a pressing need for local government to be proactive in dealing with issues of rural development and in supporting LED initiatives of rural women. The literature review covers the theoretical framework of LED through examining both international and domestic practices. The review deals with the history of LED, the LED concept, development theories, evaluation of the practices of LED, as well as participatory development, pro-poor LED, and tourism as a response to LED. It further assesses the contextual framework of LED with particular attention to South African policy and practice. The state of LED in South Africa is discussed, together with the way forward for LED. The study provides an investigation into the background of the Mandeni Municipality by looking at the demographic factors and geographical location of the area. The state of LED in Mandeni Municipality is highlighted, together with LED strategy for the Municipality, and major future development associated with LED. The study clearly portrays that there is a gap between the LED initiatives of the unemployed rural women and the Municipality. The strategic location of the Municipality facilitates future economic prospects for the area and new development proposals associated with LED. It is clear from the LED Unit structure in Mandeni Municipality that there is a lack of capacity to deal with the LED challenges and local economic initiatives. From the literature review it is clear that women are critical role players in LED because of their ability to initiate community-based economic development projects and to perform multi-task activities. It is evident that strong partnerships with various LED stakeholders working directly with low-income communities can play a meaningful role in alleviating poverty, and in the creation of employment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Werkloosheid en armoede het vandag .n nadelige invloed op die gemeenskap en proaktiewe en volhoubare maatreels is nodig om dit hok te slaan. Wat werkloosheid en armoede betref, val vroue onder die groepe wat die meeste geraak word, veral plattelandse vroue. Ongeletterdheid en onderontwikkeling is die vernaamste hindernisse vir die vooruitgang van werklose plattelandse vroue. Vroue in .n plattelandse milieu steun sterk op plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe vir hulle dag tot dag oorlewing. Plaaslike regering het .n konstitusionele mandaat om maatskaplike en ekonomiese ontwikkeling te bevorder ten einde die lewenskwaliteit van burgers van Suid-Afrika te verbeter. .n Enorme behoefte bestaan dat die plaaslike regering proaktief moet optree wanneer aangeleenthede rakende plattelandse ontwikkeling en ondersteuning van plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelings-inisiatiewe vir plattelandse vroue aangespreek word. Op beleidsvlak het Suid-Afrika sterk klem geplaas op plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling as maatreel om sosio-ekonomiese toestande vir plattelandse gemeenskappe te verbeter. Plattelandse vroue staar egter reuse uitdagings rondom onderontwikkeling in die gesig. Die groot probleem vir hierdie navorsing is dat die Mandeni munisipaliteit se plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprogramme, wat vroue as voorheen gemarginaliseerde en kwesbare groepe teiken, onsigbaar is. Plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe geskied in isolasie van die munisipaliteit en daar blyk maar .n powere vennootskap tussen die munisipaliteit en plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe wat deur vroue gevoer word, te wees. Die Plaaslike Ekonomiese Ontwikkelingseenheid (LED-eenheid), wat oor .n mandaat beskik vir die implementering van plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprogramme, het .n niksseggende rol in die bevordering van plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprogramme vir plaaslike werklose vroue gespeel. Daarbenewens is daar baie vroue onder die bevolking van die Mandeni-munisipaliteit en die meerderheid van hulle is werkloos. Die vernaamste doelwitte van hierdie studie was om probleme te identifiseer wat die LED-eenheid gehad het met die implementering van LED-programme vir die werklose vrou en om sy vlak van deelname, in belang van die werklose plattelandse vroue, te assesseer. Die fokusgroep-metode is tydens navorsing ingespan met die insameling van data oor die twee verskillende vroueorganisasies wat plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprojekte geinisieer het. Voorts is die onderhoud-metode tydens die studie toegepas vir die insameling van data rondom die drie munisipale amptenare en die Speaker van die munisipaliteit. Die vernaamste bevindinge van die navorsing toon duidelik dat daar .n gaping bestaan tussen LED-inisiatiewe deur die plattelandse werklose vroue en die Mandeni-munisipaliteit. Die bevindinge van die studie dui daarop dat die LED-eenheidstruktuur van die Mandeni-munisipaliteit oor onvoldoende fondse beskik en gebrek toon aan die nodige vermoe om die plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsuitdagings en plaaslike ekonomiese inisiatiewe van die werklose plattelandse vroue te hanteer. Dit is duidelik dat vroue kritiese rolspelers in plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling is weens hulle vermoe om gemeenskapsgebaseerde ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprojekte te inisieer en hulle kennis om veelvuldige taakbedrywighede van stapel te laat loop. Ten slotte beveel die studie aan dat die LED-eenheid geherstruktureer word om die LED-agterstande binne die Mandeni-munisipaliteit aan te spreek, dat daar behoorlike koordinering van LED-programme moet wees, en dat die plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe vir vroue sterk deur die Mandeni-munisipaliteit gesteun moet word.
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Ally-Schmidt, Fadeela. "An exploration of care-giving resources available for chronically poor female-headed Ceres households." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_2246_1177498856.
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This thesis explored the resources available for care-giving in chronically poor female-headed households. It investigated the relationship between resources as enabling in the practice of care and the choices that women can consequently make in light of the multiple roles that they play as workers, as mothers and as significant people in female-headed households.
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Chowdhury, Tasneem A. 1954. "Segregation of women in Islamic societies of South Asia and its reflection in rural housing : case study in Bangladesh." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61318.
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In Islamic societies, religion plays a significant role in shaping the home and the environment. An important feature of the Islamic culture is the segregation of women from males other than next of kin. This aspect has given rise to the separation of domains for men and women, both in the home and the neighbourhood. And this duality of space in turn reinforces the seclusion and segregation of women.This thesis studies this phenomenon in rural settlements in South Asia in regions where Muslims predominate and also in non-Muslim areas influenced by centuries of Muslim rule. The living patterns of rural women and how they use and perceive their local space formed the focus of the study.
A field study was undertaken in a rural community in Bangladesh. Gender segregation norms and the resulting spatial organization of dwellings of different socio-economic groups were studied and compared. An important premise of the study is how the poor manage to integrate their faith and Islamic customs in their living environment.
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Mbhele, Samukelisiwe Yvonne. "Utilization of household and community resources for enterprise development among women of Lower Umfolozi." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1302.
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Submitted to Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Community Work in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2002.The aim of this research was to examine the problems related to the utilisation of household and community resources for enterprise development at Lower Umfolozi, and to assess the extent to which women that are involved in income-generating projects utilise community resources. It was found that community resources used by projects in the Lower Umfolozi produce a surplus that can generate income. It was noted that while women involved in income-generating projects are interested in generating income they experience many problems, the most fundamental being lack of capital and access to land. Since the land used for generating income is small and fragmented, under the control of Inkosi, landholders do not have a choice of size of land. The low literacy rate among women in enterprise development organisations has not only contributed to their low income but has also led to the development of negative attitudes towards income-generating projects. The combined effect of all the problems cited above has resulted in low standards in enterprise development organisations in the Lower Umfolozi region. It is argued that the availability of community resources to these projects can increase production, alleviate poverty and can create job opportunities for all.
National Research Fund
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Rangaka, Lebogang. "I am a black woman living in South Africa : an autoethnography." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8512.
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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.This research report is an autoethnographic narrative that gives a first-hand account of life as experienced by a young Black South African woman living in post-apartheid South Africa. It is a story of her life as a young child who was adopted after the death of her mother and the subsequent abandonment by her biological father. It is also the story of a Black professional woman who struggles to negotiate her way through the corporate world after having had negative experiences in some of the organisations that she has worked for. It highlights the plight of Black professionals all over South Africa who resort to job hopping as a means with which to escape unfair treatment in the workplace. The narrative also deals with issues that are specific to women only. Her experiences of these issues include unfair treatment due to the fact that she was pregnant and later on unfair treatment due to the fact that she is a single mother. They also include the abuse that she has suffered at the hands of certain men in her life. All of these issues have gone a long way towards shaping her perceptions of the country in which she lives as well the role that she feels she is expected to fulfil in it. The narrative is an honest and authentic account of the events that have shaped her perception of corporate South Africa as it struggles to incorporate Employment Equity and Affirmative Action policy into their organisational culture. She highlights the fact that the organisational policies and systems in themselves may be perfect but due to the fact that they have to be implemented by people they often reflect some of the prejudice that exists in society. In sharing her story it is her hope that other Black people would make their stories known for she believes that it is only when these stories are let out in the open can we begin to have meaningful dialogue about them and in so doing come to a resolution that will benefit all of us as a nation. She believes that our failure to talk to one another can only serve to widen the gap that currently exists between Black and White South Africans.
Books on the topic "Women South Australia Economic conditions"
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Rosa, Kumudhini. Women of South Asia. Colombo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 1995.
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Flood, Tania. Women in South Africa. Bellville, South Africa: University of Western Cape, Gender Equity Unit, 1997.
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Bridging imaginations: South Asian diaspora in Australia. New Delhi: Published by Readworthy Publications in association with Australia-India Interdisciplinary Research Network, 2013.
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Kumar, Nita. Women as subjects: South Asian histories. New Delhi: Stree in association with the Book Review Literary Trust, 1994.
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Alford, Katrina. Gilt-edged women: Women and mining in colonial Australia. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University, 1986.
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Women in transition in South Asia. Delhi: Kalinga Publications, 2001.
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Helen, Jones. In her own name: A history of women in South Australia from 1836. Kent Town, S. Aust: Wakefield Press, 1994.
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Alford, Katrina. Partners or parasites of men?: Women's economic status in Australia, Britain and Canada, 1850-1900. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University, 1986.
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Canada, Aga Khan Foundation, and United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), eds. Speaking out: Women's economic empowerment in South Asia. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications, 1997.
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Working women in South-East Asia: Development, subordination, and emancipation. Milton Keynes [Buckinghamshire]: Open University Press, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Women South Australia Economic conditions"
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Halder, Debarati. "Revenge Porn Against Women and the Applicability of Therapeutic Jurisprudence." In Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Overcoming Violence Against Women, 282–92. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2472-4.ch017.
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It must be noted that the modern legal history of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh may show that all these three countries have framed their penal laws from colonial British Penal laws which was the governing law of the Indian peninsula in pre-independence era (prior to 1947). As such, the present criminal laws of these countries including those dealing with violence against women (including physical and online) may have similar features. This chapter argues that South Asian countries including India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan do not have focused laws on dealing with the issue of revenge porn targeting women. Further, the socio-economic conditions of these countries being quite the similar, it may be noted that women victims of revenge porn may neither prefer to seek police help due to fear of reputation damage. This chapter therefore aims to research as whether the application of Therapeutic Jurisprudence in such cases may benefit the victims.
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Galpin, Vashti. "Women in Technology in Sub-Saharan Africa." In Global Information Technologies, 1681–88. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-939-7.ch122.
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International research has shown that in most countries, there are few women studying towards information technology (IT) careers (Galpin, 2002), and there is much research, particularly in the United States (U.S.), United Kingdom (UK) and Australia into why this is the case (Gürer & Camp, 2002). This article considers the situation in sub-Saharan Africa and focuses on women’s involvement in the generation and creation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in sub-Saharan Africa, as opposed to ICT use in sub-Saharan Africa, which is considered elsewhere in this volume. There are a number of aspects to the generation and creation of ICTs: how women are involved in this process as IT professionals and how they are educated for these careers, as well how technology can be used appropriately within the specific conditions of sub-Saharan Africa. ICTs will be considered in the broadest sense of the word, covering all electronic technologies, from computers and networking to radio and television. Women’s participation is important: The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Gender Caucus (www.genderwsis.org) has identified women’s involvement in the design and development of technology as well as technology management policy, as key principles for the information society. Marcelle (2001) emphasizes the necessity for African women to become involved in technological and scientific areas, including “computer science, software engineering, network design, network management and related disciplines” (Marcelle, 2001, para. 15) to create an information society appropriate for African women. The diversity of those involved in design leads to higher-quality and more appropriate technological solutions (Borg, 2002; Lazowska, 2002). Background Sub-Saharan Africa has a population of 641 million, young (almost half under 15) and rural (35% urban). Significant problems are undernourishment, poverty and HIV/AIDS (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2004). All the countries in sub-Saharan Africa are classified as developing countries. Some countries are relatively wealthy, such as Mauritius, South Africa, and Nigeria, but have large wealth disparities within their populations. Women in sub-Saharan Africa are expected to focus on the home, they have less access to education and health, and their contribution to family and community is not valued (Huyer, 1997).
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Spoehr, John. "Foundations for Industrial Rejuvenation." In Global Perspectives on Achieving Success in High and Low Cost Operating Environments, 72–110. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5828-8.ch003.
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Drawing on a body of research examining the economic and social effects of downturns and major manufacturing plant closures in Australia and South Australia in particular, this chapter investigates how industrial rejuvenation strategies can help to minimise the negative impacts on the workforce and supply chains affected. The chapter identifies key lessons from the national and international literature on industrial rejuvenation and the management of major closures. Industrial rejuvenation is a multi-faceted strategy that seeks to manage pressures and complex change in response to local, national, and global conditions. The chapter focuses on the evidence about the strategic options for industrial rejuvenation available to government in partnership with industry, trade union, and community stakeholders. The chapter concludes by drawing out some broad strategic implications for the design of more integrated rejuvenation and regeneration policies.
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Holleman, Hannah. "The First Global Environmental Problem." In Dust Bowls of Empire, 38–54. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300230208.003.0003.
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This chapter challenges typical interpretations of the Dust Bowl and puts the disaster into a global frame, linking the past to the present. In so doing, the common roots of contemporary and past developments and struggles are revealed. The Dust Bowl was one spectacular instance of a global problem of soil erosion associated with capitalist colonial expansion. While the official interpretation suggests that agriculture suited for a humid region was imported to an arid region, precipitating the crisis, contemporaneous accounts illustrate how much larger the crisis was, tied up with specific social and economic developments that imposed new socio-ecological relations upon peoples of the world and upon the land irrespective of local climatic conditions. Ultimately, the common denominators across the world—from North to South America, Australia to Africa, and Southeast to East Asia—were not climate and geography, but capitalism and colonialism.
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Robles-Bykbaev, Yaroslava, Nina Naula, Javier Cornejo-Reyes, Ana Parra, Vladimir Robles-Bykbaev, Blas Garzón, and Jorge Galán. "Planning Methods in Ecuador’s Indigenous People." In Family Planning and Reproductive Health. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92714.
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Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a fundamental human right that implies knowledge and exercise of sexual and reproductive rights (SSR). Among the latter are access to knowledge and use of contraceptive methods; therefore, SSR should be experienced as a constant experience that allows women to achieve full satisfaction and security in their sexual and reproductive sphere through their subjectivity, their body, and their social and cultural life. Knowing about family planning allows having the desired number of children determining the interval between pregnancies and choosing the contraceptive method according to the social, cultural and psychological beliefs, needs and conditions of each woman. However, indigenous women from Canton Cañar (Ecuador) have less access and knowledge to contraceptive methods, mainly due to the influence of social, cultural, religious and economic factors, among others. The lack of information about family planning in indigenous populations of the South of Ecuador has motivated this study; through a medical-anthropological approach, it is intended to determine what is the preference regarding contraceptive methods in indigenous Cañari women in the context of the Cañari culture and what are their perceptions regarding such methods.
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Boris, Eileen. "Women’s Place (in the Future of Work)." In Making the Woman Worker, 229–42. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190874629.003.0008.
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In the early 21st century, women still found in home-based labor a private solution to their need to earn income while looking after children and other family members. Even as the ILO embraced gender mainstreaming and gender-neutral standards (except for maternity), it re-inscribed care work as part of the problem of the woman worker on the eve of its 2019 Centennial. Building a new care economy emerged as the solution to winning equality and transforming paid household labor into decent work. To encourage women’s labor force participation, the ILO would remake the workplace through flexi-time and flexi-space. It continued to promulgate best practices for improving working life, adding assistance with monitoring global supply chains and encouraging corporate social responsibility. It debated a new instrument on gender violence and sexual harassment at work, including harms to LGBTQ people. Nonetheless, the unraveling of labor standards and the onslaught against worker rights spread conditions once associated with women in the Global South to men as well as women in the industrialized North. As the gig economy and computerization increasingly positioned the home as a site of commoditized work, economic justice in all worksites became bound ever more intimately to justice in the home.
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"5 Population change 1980–90 216 9.6 Ethnic minorities in the USA 217 9.7 The foreign-born population of the USA 218 9.8 Maize yields in selected countries, 1931–90 219 9.9 Employment in agriculture in the United States 220 9.10 The US manufacturing belt 220 9.11 Foreign direct investment in US manufacturing as a percentage 221 of all investment 9.12 Contribution of states to US exports 225 10.1 Natural environments of Canada and Australia compared 237 10.2 Rainfall in Australia and winter temperatures in Canada 238 10.3 Economic conditions in Canada and Australia 239 10.4 The St Lawrence Seaway 241 10.5 Wheat yields in selected countries, 1931–90 242 10.6 Transport links in Australia 243 10.7 Similarities between Canada and Australia-New Zealand 244 11.1 General map of Latin America 251 11.2 A comparison of population structures (a) Younger age groups in Cuba, Argentina and Brazil 255 (b) Peru and Ethiopia 255 11.3 Countries and cities of (a) Central America and the Caribbean, 256 (b) South America." In Geography of the World's Major Regions, 661. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203429815-171.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Women South Australia Economic conditions"
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Mokoena, Alice, and Gregory Alexander. "A REFLECTION ON GENDER ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCES’ RURAL SCHOOL SETTINGS OF MULTICULTURAL SOUTH AFRICA." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end033.
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The participation of learners in science is important to a country’s socio-economic development impediments, therefore, the argument is that the girl learner should be increasingly encouraged to perform well in STEM related subjects (STATS SA). UNESCO indicates 35% women representative in STEM as students in higher education globally, whilst less than 40% of South Africa’s scientists, engineers and technologists are women. This situation also relates to the South African education system, particularly in rural schools where girl learners are outperformed by boy learners in STEM, especially, in subjects such as Life Sciences and Physical Sciences. The purpose of this reflective paper is to ascertain the factors prohibiting excellent achievement of females in sciences in rural high schools of South Africa. The data has been gathered from numerous documents such as national and provincial analysis of result, examination and assessment directorate analysis and the district statistics in solidifying our investigation as couched by document analysis. Based on our observations and experiences of the conditions prevailing in rural high schools and less participation of female learner access in STEM, suggestions are put forth as to how their performance can be improved. The investment thereof in the body of knowledge will be to fulfil the concern not only of the country but the world at large when the number of female participants increase in STEM.
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Mikova, Rositza. "TRENDS AND PECULIARITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIRTH RATE IN THE RURAL AREAS OF SOUTH CENTRAL BULGARIA." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.231.
Full textAbstract:
Regarding the negative trends in the birth rate, South Central Bulgaria is no exception. The decrease in the birth rate in this part of the country, especially in the period 2011-2020, is a result of the economic crisis and its impact on the living standards of the population. In recent years, the value orientations of the population have changed a lot. Women of all ethnic and religious groups in the region demonstrate a new type of reproductive behavior. The age structure has deteriorated and the fertile contingents have significantly decreased. Each municipality has already adopted the model of simple reproduction of the population. In South Central Bulgaria, favorable conditions for stable demographic development no longer exist.