Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Women soldiers Australia History'
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1
May, Louise-Anne. "Sino-western historical accounts and imaginative images of women in battle." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25930.
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The intent of this thesis is to analyse both the characteristics of the participation of women in war and the social and ideological context in which the imagery of the armed woman proved useful in two distinct cultures which produced an inordinate number of historical and fictional women warriors. Specifically, it is intended to test the following three hypotheses which arise from an analysis of the secondary literature in this field in the context of the societies of seventeenth and eighteenth century France and Imperial China:
1. That women were generally excluded from military combat and leadership roles. This exclusion was the result of gender and not biological constraints.
2. That some women in history were able to modify the masculine/ military equation. This was based on one or more of three factors: rank, religion, rebellion/revolution.
3. That the images of women warriors in imaginative literature and art did not reflect the actual scope or nature of women's participation in war. Rather, they reflected and reinforced attitudes towards ideal social and sexual hierarchies and behaviours.
The present study examines the subject of women and war within a more limited cultural and historical framework than that which is usually employed
in this field. While significant variations are discovered in the analysis of Chinese and French history and culture, the finding is that these three hypotheses prove to be correct. This is not to suggest that the two cultures were the same. Rather, it suggests that within two very different social hierarchies, there were comparable sexual hierarchies which were underlined and reinforced by similar ideals in respect to the division of labour and to the appropriate behaviour which accompanies this division.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
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Wise, Nathan History & Philosophy Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "A working man???s hell: working class men's experiences with work in the Australian imperial force during the Great War." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History and Philosophy, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32462.
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Historical analyses of soldiers in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) during the Great War have focused overwhelming on combat experiences and the environment of the trenches. By contrast, little consideration has been made of the non-combat experiences of these individuals, or of the time they spent behind the front lines. Far from military experiences revolving around combat and trench warfare, the letters, diaries, and memoirs of working class men suggest that daily life for the rank and file actually revolved around work, and in particular manual labour. Through a focus on working class men???s experiences in the AIF during the Great War, this dissertation seeks to discover more about these experiences with work in an attempt to understand the broader aspects of life in the military. In this environment of daily work, many working class men also came to approach military service as a job of work, and they carried over the mentalities of the civilian workplace into their daily life in the military. This dissertation thus seeks to understand how workplace cultures were transferred from civilian workplaces into the military. It explores working class men???s approaches towards daily work in two different theatres of war, Gallipoli and the Western Front, in order to highlight the significance of work within military life. Furthermore, it evaluates aspects of this workplace culture, such as relations with employers, the use of workplace skills, and the implementation of industrial relations methods, to understand the continuities between the lives of civilians and soldiers. Finally, this dissertation is not a military history: it adopts a culturalist approach towards the lives of people in the AIF, and in the environment of the Great War, in an effort to place the military experiences of these working class men within the context of their broader civilian lives.
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Gregson, Sarah School of Industrial Relations & Organisational Behaviour UNSW. "Foot soldiers for capital: the influence of RSL racism on interwar industrial relations in Kalgoorlie and Broken Hill." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Industrial Relations and Organisational Behaviour, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19331.
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The historiography of Australian racism has principally "blamed" the labour movement for the existence of the White Australia policy and racist responses to the presence of migrant workers. This study argues that the motivations behind ruling class agitation for the White Australia policy have never been satisfactorily analysed. To address this omission, the role of the Returned and Services League of Australia (RSL) in race relations is examined. As an elite-dominated, cross-class organisation with links to every section of society, it is argued that the RSL was a significant agitator for migrant exclusion and white unity in the interwar period. The thesis employs case studies, oral history and qualitative assessment of various written sources, such as newspapers, archival records and secondary material, in order to plot the dynamics of racist ideology in two major mining centres in the interwar period. The results suggest that, although labour organisations were influenced by racist ideas and frequently protested against the presence of migrant workers, it was also true that mining employers had a material interest in sowing racial division in the workplaces they controlled. The study concludes that labour movement responses to migrant labour incorporated a range of different strategies, from demands for racist exclusion to moves towards international solidarity. It also reveals examples of local and migrant workers living, working, playing and striking together in ways that contradict the dominant view of perpetual tension between workers of different nationalities. Lastly, the case studies demonstrate that local employers actively encouraged racial division in the workplace as a bulwark against industrial militancy.
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Hancock, Carole Wylie. "Honorable Soldiers, Too: An Historical Case Study of Post-Reconstruction African American Female Teachers of the Upper Ohio River Valley." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1205717826.
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Thompson, Susannah Ruth. "Birth pains : changing understandings of miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal death in Australia in the Twentieth Century." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0150.
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Feminist and social historians have long been interested in that particularly female ability to become pregnant and bear children. A significant body of historiography has challenged the notion that pregnancy and childbirth considered to be the acceptable and 'appropriate' roles for women for most of the twentieth century in Australia - have always been welcomed, rewarding and always fulfilling events in women's lives. Several historians have also begun the process of enlarging our knowledge of the changing cultural attitudes towards bereavement in Australia and the eschewing of the public expression of sorrow following the two World Wars; a significant contribution to scholarship which underscores the changing attitudes towards perinatal loss. It is estimated that one in four women lose a pregnancy to miscarriage, and two in one hundred late pregnancies result in stillbirth in contemporary Australia. Miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal death are today considered by psychologists and social workers, amongst others, as potentially significant events in many women's lives, yet have received little or passing attention in historical scholarship concerned with pregnancy and motherhood. As such, this study focuses on pregnancy loss: the meaning it has been given by various groups at different times in Australia's past, and how some Australian women have made sense of their own experience of miscarriage, stillbirth or neonatal death within particular social and historical contexts. Pregnancy loss has been understood in a range of ways by different groups over the past 100 years. At the beginning of the twentieth century, when alarm was mounting over the declining birth rate, pregnancy loss was termed 'foetal wastage' by eugenicists and medical practitioners, and was seen in abstract terms as the loss of necessary future Australian citizens. By the 1970s, however, with the advent of support groups such as SANDS (Stillbirth and Neonatal Death Support) miscarriage and stillbirth were increasingly seen as the devastating loss of an individual baby, while the mother was seen as someone in need of emotional and other support. With the advent of new prenatal screening technologies in the late twentieth century, there has been a return of the idea of maternal responsibility for producing a 'successful' outcome. This project seeks to critically examines the wide range of socially constructed meanings of pregnancy loss and interrogate the arguments of those groups, such as the medical profession, religious and support groups, participating in these constructions. It will build on existing histories of motherhood, childbirth and pregnancy in Australia and, therefore, also the history of Australian women.
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Hodge, Pamela. "Fostering flowers: Women, landscape and the psychodynamics of gender in 19th Century Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1435.
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It is said that when the Sphinx was carved into the bedrock of Egypt it had the head as well as the body of Sekhmet lioness Goddess who presided over the rise and fall of the Nile, and that only much later was the head recarved to resemble a male pharaoh. Simon Schama considered the 'making over' of Mount Rushmore to resemble America's Founding Fathers constituted 'the ultimate colonisation of nature by culture … a distinctly masculine obsession (expressing) physicality, materiality and empirical externality,… a rhetoric of humanity's uncontested possession of nature. It would be comforting to think that, although Uluru has become the focus of nationalist myths in Australia, to date it has not been incised to represent Australia's 'Great Men' - comforting that is, if it were not for the recognition that if Australia had had the resources available to America in the 1920s a transmogrified Captain Cook and a flinty Governor Phillip may have been eyeballing the red heart of Australia for the greater part of a century. My dissertation traces the conscious and unconscious construction of gender in Australian society in the nineteenth century as it was constructed through the apprehension of things which were associated with 'nature' -plants, animals, landscape, 'the bush', Aborigines, women. The most important metaphor in this construction was that of women as flowers; a metaphor which, in seeking to sacralise 'beauty' in women and nature, increasingly externalised women and the female principle and divorced them from their rootedness in the earth - the 'earth' of 'nature', and the 'earth' of men's and women's deeper physical and psychological needs. This had the consequence of a return of the repressed in the form of negative constructions of women, 'femininity'" and the land which surfaced in Australia, as it did in most other parts of the Western World, late in the nineteenth century. What I attempt to show in this dissertation is that a negative construction of women and the female principle was inextricably implicated in the accelerating development of a capitalist consumer society which fetishised the surface appearance of easily reproducible images of denatured objects. In the nineteenth century society denatured women along with much else as it turned from the worship of God and ‘nature' to the specularisation of endlessly proliferating images emptied of meaning; of spirituality. An increasing fascination with the appearance of things served to camouflage patriarchal assumptions which lopsidedly associated women with a 'flowerlike' femininity of passive receptivity (or a ‘mad' lasciviousness) and men with a 'masculinity' of aggressive achievement - and awarded social power and prestige to the latter. The psychological explanation which underlies this thesis and unites its disparate elements is that of Julia Kristeva who believed that in the nineteenth century fear of loss of the Christian 'saving' mother - the Mother of God - led to an intensification of emotional investment among men and women in the pre-oedipal all-powerful 'phallic' mother who is thought to stand between the individual and 'the void of nothingness'.
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Miguda, Edith Atieno. "International catalyst and women's parliamentary recruitment : a comparative study of Kenya and Australia 1963-2002 /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm6362.pdf.
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Cully, Eavan. "Nationalism, feminism, and martial valor: rewriting biographies of women in «Nüzi shijie» (1904-1907)." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32363.
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This thesis examines images of martial women as they were produced in the biography column of the late Qing journal Nüzi shijie (NZSJ; 1904-1907). By examining the historiographic implications of revised women's biographies, I will show the extent to which martial women were written as ideal citizens at the dawn of the twentieth-century. In the first chapter I place NZSJ in its historical context by examining the journal's goals as seen in two editorials from the inaugural issue. The second and third chapters focus on biographies of individual women warriors which will be read against their original stories in verse and prose. Through these comparisons, I aim to demonstrate how these "transgressive women" were written as normative ideals of martial citizens that would appeal to men and women alike.Cette thèse examine les images de femmes martiales reproduites dans la rubrique biographique du journal Nüzi shijie (NZSJ; 1904-1907) publiée à la fin de la dynastie Qing. En examinant les implications historiographiques des biographies révisées des femmes, j'essai de démontrer l'importance de la façon dont les femmes martiales étaient décrites come citoyennes idéales à l'aube du vingtième siècle. A travers une exploration des objectifs posés par le journal et mis en évidence dans deux éditoriaux extraits du premier numéro du journal, mon premier chapitre essaie de placer le NZSJ dans sa propre contexte historique. Le deuxième et le troisième chapitres se concentrent sur les biographies individuelles des femmes guerrières, lesquelles sont juxtaposés aux histories originales écrites sous forme de vers et prose. A travers ces juxtapositions, mon projet démontre la façon dont ces "femmes transgressives" illustraient l'idéal normatif du citoyen martiale, lequel attirait les hommes ainsi que les femmes.
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Whitehead, Kay. "Women's 'life-work' : teachers in South Australia, 1836-1906 /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw592.pdf.
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Reid, Helen M. J. "Age of transition : a study of South Australian private girls' schools 1875-1925 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr3545.pdf.
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Brankovich, Jasmina. "Burning down the house? : feminism, politics and women's policy in Western Australia, 1972-1998." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0122.
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This thesis examines the constraints and options inherent in placing feminist demands on the state, the limits of such interventions, and the subjective, intimate understandings of feminism among agents who have aimed to change the state from within. First, I describe the central element of a
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Antonić, Maja. "Yugoslav Revolutionary Legacy: Female Soldiers and Activists in Nation-Building and Cultural Memory, 1941-1989." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3107.
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While women are often excluded and/or portrayed as victims in the historical scholarship on war, this research builds on recent scholarship that shows women as active agents in warfare. I focus on Yugoslavia’s WWII Partizankas, female soldiers and activists, who held visible positions in the war effort, public consciousness and, later memory. Using gender as a category of analysis, my thesis explores Partizankas’ legacy and their contributions in the National Liberation Movement (NLM) in WWII (1941- 1945) and post-war nation building. I argue that the organizational framework of the Anti-Fascist Women’s Front (AWF) under the guidance of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) emphasized women’s ethnic/religious identities along with distinct social standings and geographic locations to motivate them to fight for the common cause and subsequently forge a shared South Slavic identity. This emphasis on ethnic/regional/class differences paradoxically led to the creation of a common Yugoslav national identity. Women’s involvement, therefore, becomes central to the nationbuilding in the post-war period while establishing the legacy for future feminists. I characterize NLM as a Marxist guerrilla movement with the intent to contextualize the organizational tactics and ideological efforts of CPY and showcase the commonalities and differences the Yugoslav resistance movement had vis-à-vis other revolutionary movements that actively recruited women. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the representations of Partizankas in popular culture and official rhetoric from WWII to the demise of Yugoslavia in 1991 in order explore the fluidity of gender roles and their perceptions. This research is meaningful because NLM, as an organized Marxist guerrilla movement, stands out in its size, success and legacy. The Yugoslav experience broadens the understanding of why women go to war, how gender norms shift during and after the conflict, and how female soldiers are remembered.
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Brien, Donna Lee. "The case of Mary Dean : sex, poisoning and gender relations in Australia." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16340/.
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The genre of biography is, by nature, imprecise and limited. Real lives are lived synchronously and diversely; they do not divide spontaneously into chapters, subjects or themes. All biographers construct stories, in the process forcing the disordered complexity of an actual life into a neat literary form. This doctoral submission comprises a book length creative work, Poisoned: The Trials of Mary Dean, and a reflective written component on that creative work, Writing Fictionalised Biography. Poisoned is a biography of Mary Dean, who, although repeatedly poisoned by her husband at the end of the nineteenth century, did not die. This biography, presented in the form of a first-person memoir, is based closely on historical evidence and is supported with discursive notes and a select bibliography. The reflective written component, Writing Fictionalised Biography, outlines the process and challenges of writing a biography when the source material available is inadequate and unreliable. In writing Poisoned my genre solution has been fictionalised biography - biography which is historically diligent while utilising fictional writing strategies and incorporating fictional passages. This written component reflectively discusses how I arrived at that solution. It includes discussion of the sources I utilised in writing Poisoned, including the limitations of trial transcripts and other court records as biographical evidence; useful precursors to the form; the process wherein I located both a form for my fictionalised biography and a voice for my biographical subject; possible models I considered; how I distinguished established fact from speculative supposition in the text; as well as some of the ambivalences and ethical concerns such a narrative process implies.
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Jones, Lindsay. "[The] marginalization of girl soldiers in Sierra Leone’s Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration program : an analysis based on structuration theory." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=109914.
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Note:An estimated 48,000 child soldiers were involved in the violent civil war in Sierra Leone between 1991 and 2002. It is suggested that approximately 12,000 were girls. Lacking material possessions and facing other negative structural factors, the majority was in need of some form of assistance post-conflict. Although international aid response was substantial, only 500 girls entered the countrywide Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) program. The remainder followed a variety of different courses. Giddens' structuration theory offers a useful theoretical framework to explore the reasons for their absence in the program, as it permits a focus on the role of structure and agencyin understanding behaviour. Social stigmatization and a gender-biased DDR program, within a broader structure of gender inequality, are identified as the principal problems .
On estime que 48,000 enfants soldats ont été impliques dans la violente guerre civile en Sierra Leone entre 1991 et 2002.11 est suggéré que prés de 12,000 d'entre eux étaient des filles. Avec des lacunes importantes au niveau matériel et faisant face a d'autres problèmes d'ordre structurel, la majorité de ces filles ont eu besoin d'une certaine forme d'assistance post-conflit. Bien que l'aide internationale ait été importante, seulement 500 filles ont été inscrites au programme national de Désarmement, démobilisation et réinsertion (DDR). Les autres filles ont suivies différents parcours. La théorie de structuration de Giddens offre un cadre théorique utile pour étudier les raisons de leur absence dans le programme car il permet de focaliser sur le rôle de la structure et de I' agence dans la compréhension du comportement. La stigmatisation sociale et une inégalité de genre au sein du programme de DDR, situe dans une structure plus généralisée d'inégalité de genre, sont identifiées comme étant les problèmes principaux .
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Anderson, Emma Kate School of English UNSW. "Representations of female sexuality in chick-lit texts and reading Anais Nin on the train." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of English, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27319.
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My critical essay uses Foucault???s theory of discursive formation to chart the emergence of the figure of the single modern woman as she is created by the various discourses surrounding her. It argues that representations of the single modern woman continue a tradition of perceiving the female body as a source of social anxiety. The project explores ???chick-lit??? as a site within the discursive formation from which the single modern woman emerges as a paradoxical figure; the paradoxes fundamentally linked to her sexuality. This essay, then, essentially seeks to investigate representations of female sexuality within chick-lit, exposing for scrutiny the paradoxes inherent in and around the figure of the single modern woman. My fictional piece is a work of erotica. It is divided into four sections: The Reader, The Writer, The Muse and The Critic. Essentially it explores the relationships between female sexuality and literature; between female sexuality and feminist, post-feminist and patriarchal values and between literature and issues of truth, perspective and representation. The two works complement each other to illuminate the paradox of female sexuality: one from a theoretical perspective and the other from a fictional perspective. The critical work focuses on female sexuality and its relationship to, and development within, the current social context. Chick-lit, as a new and immensely popular genre of fiction which holistically explores the lives of single modern women was useful for examining the relationship between the sexual persona of the single modern woman and society. The fiction is concerned with a narrower focus: specifically the sexual life of the single modern woman. Through the creative process, it became apparent that working within the genre of ???erotica??? would be not only more useful than working within chick-lit, but more powerful in exploring the themes I was interested in. The creative work draws on numerous points of interest raised in the critical work from, for example, the grander notions of the relationship between object and discourse ??? in this case female sexuality and literature ??? and the female body as a source of social fascination and anxiety to finer observations such as what it means to have sex ???like a man.??? In essence, the creative work seeks to examine the many faces of the single modern woman as a sexual being and to illuminate, on an intimate level, the many conflicts between and surrounding those faces and to suggest that while paradox remains in female sexual ideology, the single modern woman will remain suspended in a kind of sexual paralysis.
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Brien, Donna L. "The case of Mary Dean: Sex, poisoning and gender relations in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/117977/1/T%20%28CI%29%2094%20-%20THE%20CASE%20OF%20MARY%20DEAN.pdf.
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The genre of biography is, by nature, imprecise and limited. Real lives are lived synchronously and diversely; they do not divide spontaneously into chapters, subjects or themes. All biographers construct stories, in the process forcing the disordered complexity of an actual life into a neat literary form. This doctoral submission comprises a book length creative work, Poisoned: The Trials of Mary Dean, and a reflective written component on that creative work, Writing Fictionalised Biography.
Poisoned is a biography of Mary Dean, who, although repeatedly poisoned by her husband at the end of the nineteenth century, did not die. This biography, presented in the form of a first-person memoir, is based closely on historical evidence and is supported with discursive notes and a select bibliography.
The reflective written component, Writing Fictionalised Biography, outlines the process and challenges of writing a biography when the source material available is inadequate and unreliable. In writing Poisoned my genre solution has been fictionalised biography biography which is historically diligent while utilising fictional writing strategies and incorporating fictional passages. This written component reflectively discusses how I arrived at that solution. It includes discussion of the sources I utilised in writing Poisoned, including the limitations of trial transcripts and other court records as biographical evidence; useful precursors to the form; the process wherein I located both a form for my fictionalised biography and a voice for my biographical subject; possible models I considered; how I distinguished established fact from speculative supposition in the text; as well as some of the ambivalences and ethical concerns such a narrative process implies.
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Brooklyn, Bridget. "Something old, something new : divorce and divorce law in South Australia, 1859-1918." Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb872.pdf.
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Booth, Sharron. "Venturing into silences:The silence of water (novel) - and - Convicts, women and Western Australian stories (essay)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2312.
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This thesis examines the harsh impact of convict transportation on Western Australian life and literary production with a novel, “The Silence of Water”, and an accompanying essay. The Swan River Colony (Western Australia) was established in 1829 with the express intention never to accept convicts; however, almost 10,000 men were transported there from Britain between 1850 and 1868. “The Silence of Water” depicts the life of one convict, Customs and Excise officer and former tailor Edwin Thomas Salt, who was convicted of the murder of his wife, Mary Ann, in Edinburgh in 1860. The case attracted attention in newspapers across Britain partly due to the “extreme provocation” Edwin was said to have suffered because of Mary Ann’s drinking. Edwin’s death sentence was commuted and he was transported to Western Australia in 1862. Edwin later received a conditional pardon that allowed him to live as a free man. In Western Australia he married twice, had more children and worked sporadically as a tailor. He died in Fremantle in 1910. A literate man with no prior convictions, sometimes a drunk and a bully, Edwin Salt differs from the convicts usually depicted in Western Australian fiction. Through the characters of Edwin Salt, his Australian daughter and granddaughter, “The Silence of Water” explores themes of exile, incarceration, family dislocation, secrets and intergenerational silences.
The accompanying essay claims complex convict characters are largely missing from Western Australia’s literature and suggests how “The Silence of Water” claims a place for convicts and the women associated with them in Western Australia’s founding colonial narrative. It also discusses key research frameworks, methods and literary strategies. Chapter one examines how the convict figure functions across a range of novels from 1880 to 2015 and finds that Western Australia’s convict figure differs markedly from that seen in novels from other Australian states. Chapter two examines two research methods used to write the novel: engagement with the archives and engagement with place. It demonstrates how exploration of Edwin Thomas Salt broadened to focus on the women associated with him, driven by a feminist theoretical framework. Chapter three discusses some literary strategies selected for “The Silence of Water” and their rationale, drawing on the work of contemporary Western Australian fiction writers. Overall, the thesis illuminates an under-explored area of Western Australian cultural production and contributes new knowledge about Western Australia’s convict era, the consequences of which are still visible today.
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O'Sullivan, Therese Anne. "The relationship between glycemic intake and insulin resistance in older women." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/17814/1/Therese_Anne_O%27Sullivan_Thesis.pdf.
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Glycemic intake influences the rise in blood glucose concentration following consumption of a carbohydrate containing meal, known as the postprandial glycemic response. The glycemic response is a result of both the type and amount of carbohydrate foods consumed and is commonly measured as the glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL), where the GI is a ranking in comparison to glucose and the GL is an absolute value encompassing both the GI and amount of carbohydrate consumed. Evidence from controlled trials in rat models suggests that glycemic intake has a role in development of insulin resistance, however trials and observational studies of humans have produced conflicting results. As insulin resistance is a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus, lifestyle factors that could prevent development of this condition have important public health implications. Previous observational studies have used food frequency questionnaires to assess usual diet, which could have resulted in a lack of precision in assessment of individual serve sizes, and have been limited to daily measures of glycemic intake. Daily measures do not take fluctuations in glycemic intake on a per meal basis into account, which may be a more relevant measure for investigation in relation to disease outcomes. This PhD research was conducted in a group of Brisbane women aged 42 to 81 years participating in the multidisciplinary Brisbane Longitudinal Assessment of Ageing in Women (LAW study). Older women may be at particular risk of insulin resistance due to age, hormonal changes, and increases in abdominal obesity associated with menopause, and the LAW study provided an ideal opportunity to study the relationship between diet and insulin resistance. Using the diet history tool, we aimed to assess the glycemic intake of the population and hypothesised that daily GI and daily GL would be significantly positively associated with increased odds of insulin resistant status. We also hypothesised that a new glycemic measure representing peaks in GL at different meals would be a stronger predictor of insulin resistant status than daily measures, and that a specially designed questionnaire would be an accurate and repeatable dietary tool for assessment of glycemic intake. To address these hypotheses, we conducted a series of studies. To assess glycemic intake, information on usual diet was obtained by detailed diet history interview and analysed using Foodworks and the Australian Food and Nutrient (AUSNUT) database, combined with a customised GI database. Mean ± SD intakes were 55.6 ± 4.4% for daily GI and 115 ± 25 for daily GL (n=470), with intake higher amoung younger participants. Bread was the largest contributor to intakes of daily GI and GL (17.1% and 20.8%, respectively), followed by fruit (15.5% and 14.2%, respectively). To determine whether daily GI and GL were significantly associated with insulin resistance, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) was used to assess insulin resistant status. Daily GL was significantly higher in subjects who were insulin resistant compared to those who were not (134 ± 33 versus 114 ± 24 respectively, P<0.001) (n=329); the odds of subjects in the highest tertile of GL intake being insulin resistant were 12.7 times higher when compared with the lowest tertile of GL (95% CI 1.6-100.1, P=0.02). Daily GI was not significantly different in subjects who were insulin resistant compared to those who were not (56.0 ± 3.3% versus 55.7 ± 4.5%, P=0.69). To evaluate whether a new glycemic measure representing fluctuations in daily glycemic intake would be a stronger predictor of insulin resistant status than other glycemic intake measures, the GL peak score was developed to express in a single value the magnitude of GL peaks during an average day. Although a significant relationship was seen between insulin resistant status and GL peak score (Nagelkerke’s R2=0.568, P=0.039), other glycemic intake measures of daily GL (R2=0.671, P<0.001) and daily GL per megajoule (R2=0.674, P<0.001) were stronger predictors of insulin resistant status. To develop an accurate and repeatable self-administered tool for assessment of glycemic intake, two sub-samples of women (n=44 for the validation study and n=52 for the reproducibility study) completed a semi-quantitative questionnaire that contained 23 food groupings selected to include the top 100 carbohydrate foods consumed by the study population. While there were significant correlations between the glycemic intake questionnaire and the diet history for GL (r=0.54, P<0.01), carbohydrate (r=0.57, P<0.01) and GI (r=0.40, P<0.01), Bland-Altman plots showed an unacceptable difference between individual intakes in 34% of subjects for daily GL and carbohydrate, and 41% for daily GI. Reproducibility results showed significant correlations for daily GL (r=0.73, P<0.001), carbohydrate (r=0.76, P<0.001) and daily GI (r=0.64, P<0.001), but an unacceptable difference between individual intakes in 25% of subjects for daily GL and carbohydrate, and 27% for daily GI. In summary, our findings show that a significant association was observed between daily glycemic load and insulin resistant status in a group of older women, using a diet history interview to obtain precise estimation of individual carbohydrate intake. Both the type and quantity of carbohydrate are important to consider when investigating relationships between diet and insulin resistance, although our results suggest the association is more closely related to overall daily glycemic intake than individual meal intake variations. A dietary tool that permits precise estimation of carbohydrate intake is essential when evaluating possible associations between glycemic intake and individual risk of chronic diseases such as insulin resistance. Our results also suggest that studies using questionnaires to estimate glycemic intake should state degree of agreement as well as correlation coefficients when evaluating validity, as imprecise estimates of carbohydrate at an individual level may have contributed to the conflicting findings reported in previous studies.
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O'Sullivan, Therese Anne. "The relationship between glycemic intake and insulin resistance in older women." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/17814/.
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Glycemic intake influences the rise in blood glucose concentration following consumption of a carbohydrate containing meal, known as the postprandial glycemic response. The glycemic response is a result of both the type and amount of carbohydrate foods consumed and is commonly measured as the glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL), where the GI is a ranking in comparison to glucose and the GL is an absolute value encompassing both the GI and amount of carbohydrate consumed. Evidence from controlled trials in rat models suggests that glycemic intake has a role in development of insulin resistance, however trials and observational studies of humans have produced conflicting results. As insulin resistance is a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus, lifestyle factors that could prevent development of this condition have important public health implications. Previous observational studies have used food frequency questionnaires to assess usual diet, which could have resulted in a lack of precision in assessment of individual serve sizes, and have been limited to daily measures of glycemic intake. Daily measures do not take fluctuations in glycemic intake on a per meal basis into account, which may be a more relevant measure for investigation in relation to disease outcomes. This PhD research was conducted in a group of Brisbane women aged 42 to 81 years participating in the multidisciplinary Brisbane Longitudinal Assessment of Ageing in Women (LAW study). Older women may be at particular risk of insulin resistance due to age, hormonal changes, and increases in abdominal obesity associated with menopause, and the LAW study provided an ideal opportunity to study the relationship between diet and insulin resistance. Using the diet history tool, we aimed to assess the glycemic intake of the population and hypothesised that daily GI and daily GL would be significantly positively associated with increased odds of insulin resistant status. We also hypothesised that a new glycemic measure representing peaks in GL at different meals would be a stronger predictor of insulin resistant status than daily measures, and that a specially designed questionnaire would be an accurate and repeatable dietary tool for assessment of glycemic intake. To address these hypotheses, we conducted a series of studies. To assess glycemic intake, information on usual diet was obtained by detailed diet history interview and analysed using Foodworks and the Australian Food and Nutrient (AUSNUT) database, combined with a customised GI database. Mean ± SD intakes were 55.6 ± 4.4% for daily GI and 115 ± 25 for daily GL (n=470), with intake higher amoung younger participants. Bread was the largest contributor to intakes of daily GI and GL (17.1% and 20.8%, respectively), followed by fruit (15.5% and 14.2%, respectively). To determine whether daily GI and GL were significantly associated with insulin resistance, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) was used to assess insulin resistant status. Daily GL was significantly higher in subjects who were insulin resistant compared to those who were not (134 ± 33 versus 114 ± 24 respectively, P<0.001) (n=329); the odds of subjects in the highest tertile of GL intake being insulin resistant were 12.7 times higher when compared with the lowest tertile of GL (95% CI 1.6-100.1, P=0.02). Daily GI was not significantly different in subjects who were insulin resistant compared to those who were not (56.0 ± 3.3% versus 55.7 ± 4.5%, P=0.69). To evaluate whether a new glycemic measure representing fluctuations in daily glycemic intake would be a stronger predictor of insulin resistant status than other glycemic intake measures, the GL peak score was developed to express in a single value the magnitude of GL peaks during an average day. Although a significant relationship was seen between insulin resistant status and GL peak score (Nagelkerke’s R2=0.568, P=0.039), other glycemic intake measures of daily GL (R2=0.671, P<0.001) and daily GL per megajoule (R2=0.674, P<0.001) were stronger predictors of insulin resistant status. To develop an accurate and repeatable self-administered tool for assessment of glycemic intake, two sub-samples of women (n=44 for the validation study and n=52 for the reproducibility study) completed a semi-quantitative questionnaire that contained 23 food groupings selected to include the top 100 carbohydrate foods consumed by the study population. While there were significant correlations between the glycemic intake questionnaire and the diet history for GL (r=0.54, P<0.01), carbohydrate (r=0.57, P<0.01) and GI (r=0.40, P<0.01), Bland-Altman plots showed an unacceptable difference between individual intakes in 34% of subjects for daily GL and carbohydrate, and 41% for daily GI. Reproducibility results showed significant correlations for daily GL (r=0.73, P<0.001), carbohydrate (r=0.76, P<0.001) and daily GI (r=0.64, P<0.001), but an unacceptable difference between individual intakes in 25% of subjects for daily GL and carbohydrate, and 27% for daily GI. In summary, our findings show that a significant association was observed between daily glycemic load and insulin resistant status in a group of older women, using a diet history interview to obtain precise estimation of individual carbohydrate intake. Both the type and quantity of carbohydrate are important to consider when investigating relationships between diet and insulin resistance, although our results suggest the association is more closely related to overall daily glycemic intake than individual meal intake variations. A dietary tool that permits precise estimation of carbohydrate intake is essential when evaluating possible associations between glycemic intake and individual risk of chronic diseases such as insulin resistance. Our results also suggest that studies using questionnaires to estimate glycemic intake should state degree of agreement as well as correlation coefficients when evaluating validity, as imprecise estimates of carbohydrate at an individual level may have contributed to the conflicting findings reported in previous studies.
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White, Deborah. "Masculine constructions : gender in twentieth-century architectural discourse : 'Gods', 'Gospels' and 'tall tales' in architecture." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw5834.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Includes 2 previously published journal articles by the author: Women in architecture: a personal reflection ; and, "Half the sky, but no room of her own", as appendices. Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-251) An examination of some texts influential in the discourse of Australian architecture in the twentieth century. Explores from a feminist standpoint the gendered nature of discourse in contemporary Western architecture from an Australian perspective. The starting point for the thesis was an examination of Australian architectual discourse in search of some explanation for the continuing low numbers of women practitioners in Australia. Hypothesizes that contemporary Western architecture is imbued with a pervasive and dominant masculinity and that this is deeply imbedded in its discursive constructions: the body housed by architecture is assume to be male, the mind which produces architecture is assumed to be masculine. Given the cultural location of Australian architecture as a marginal participant in the wider arena of contemporary Western / international discourses, focuses on writing about two iconic figues in Western architecture; Le Corbusier, of international reknown; and, Glenn Murcutt, of predominantly local significance.
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Anderson, Catherine Eva. "Embodiments of empire: Figuring race in late Victorian painting." View abstract/electronic edition; access limited to Brown University users, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3328111.
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Baguley, Margaret Mary. "The deconstruction of domestic space." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35896/1/35896_Baguley_1998.pdf.
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Introduction:
I find myself in the pantry, cleaning shelves, in the laundry, water slopping around my elbows, at the washing line, pegging clothes. I watch myself clean shelves, wash, peg clothes. These are the rhythms
that comfort. That postpone. (The Painted Woman, Sue Woolfe, p. 170)
As a marginalised group in Australian art history and society, women artists possess a valuable and vital craft tradition which inevitably influences all aspects of their arts practice. Installation art, which has its origins in the craft tradition, has only been
acknowledged in the art mainstream this decade; yet evolved in the home of the 1950s. The social policies of this era are well documented for their insistence on
women remaining in the home in order to achieve personal success in their lives. This cultural oppressiveness paradoxically resulted in a revolution in women's art in the environment to which they were confined. Women's creative energies were diverted and sublimated into the home, resulting in aesthetic statements of individuality in home decoration. As an art movement, women's installation art in the home provided the similar structures to formally recognised art schools in the mainstream, and include: informal networks and training (schools); matriarchs within the community
who were knowledgable in craft traditions and techniques and shared these with younger women (mentorships); visiting other homes and providing constructive
advice (critiques); and women's magazines and glory boxes (art journals and sketch books). A re-examination of this vital period in women's art history will reveal the
social policies and cultural influences which insidiously undermined women's art, which was based on craft traditions.
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Jarrett, Jennifer Ann. "Catholic bodies a history of the training and daily life of three religious teaching orders in New South Wales, 1860 to 1930 /." Connect to full text, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5673.
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Mayne, Patricia Anne. "A history of TAMAR (1996-2008) in relation to the Anglican Church of Australia in general and the Diocese of Sydney in particular. TAMAR (Towards A More Appropriate Response) was formed by a group of Sydney Anglican women to address the issue of sexual abuse in the Australian Anglican Church." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2016. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/eabcf422e231b2b679dae250ca2877917f8f111b144b5e0f343b2ca5a1e20c9c/35209611/Mayne_2016_A_history_of_tamar_in_relation_to.pdf.
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TAMAR (Towards A More Appropriate Response) was established in 1996 by a small group of Sydney Anglican women, many of whom belonged to the sexually abused community. These women through their experiences and led by their Christian spirituality, integrated with justice and mercy were compelled to address the issue of sexual abuse in the Anglican Church of Australia with particular reference to the Diocese of Sydney. Without power, authority and history these women were at the other end of the spectrum when compared with the Anglican Church of Australia...
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Bou, Jean Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The evolution and development of the Australian Light Horse, 1860-1945." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38689.
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Despite the place that the Light Horse occupies in Australia???s military history and the national martial mythology, there has not yet been a scholarly attempt to investigate the evolution and development of Australia???s mounted branch. This thesis is the first attempt to fill this gap in our knowledge and understanding of the history of the Australian Army. In doing so it will consider the ways in which the Light Horse evolved, the place it had in defence thinking, the development of its doctrine, its organisational changes and the way in which that organisation and its men interacted with their society. This thesis firstly analyses the role and place of the mounted soldier in the British and colonial/dominion armies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries before going on to examine what effects the debates about this had on the development of Australia???s mounted troops. It will find that in the nineteenth century the disparate mounted units of the Australian colonies were established mainly along the organisational model of the mounted rifleman. Influenced by social ideas about citizen soldier horsemen and a senior officer with firm views, this model continued to be used by the new Light Horse until well into the First World War. During that war it was gradually discovered that this military model had its limitations and by the end of the war much of the Light Horse had become cavalry. This discovery in turn meant that during the inter-war period cavalry continued to be part of the army. Analysed in depth also are the many organisational changes that affected the mounted branch during its existence. Some of these reflected doctrinal and tactical lessons, and others were the result of various plans by the government and military authorities to improve the army. It will be seen that regardless of these plans part-time citizen horse units continued to have many problems and they rarely came to be what the government wanted of them. That they were as strong as they were was testimony to the efforts of a dedicated and enthusiastic few.
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Young, Cheryl Ann. "A study of the personal literature written in the Eastern Cape in the nineteenth century." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002274.
Full textAbstract:
The evidence of these diaries, all written in the nineteenth century, reveals the heterogeneous nature of early settler society in the Eastern Cape. Generalizations can only be of the most tenuous kind in such a small sample; but women tend to dwell on the domestic, the men on their public lives, the most reticent about their private lives are the soldiers. There is one diary which can be described as personal; the diarists did not regard their diaries as appropriate repositories of their personal triumphs and failures. The perceptions formed in Britain about the land and people of Africa are not drastically modified upon arrival unless the diarist experiences a prolongued contact with either.
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Girouard, Kim. "Médicaliser au féminin : quand la médecine occidentale rencontre la maternité en Chine du Sud, 1879-1938." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN062/document.
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Cette thèse examine le processus de la médicalisation de la maternité dans la province méridionale chinoise du Guangdong entre 1879 et 1938. En explorant ce phénomène à travers l’œuvre médicale missionnaire menée dans la région, cette analyse tente de voir comment la prise en charge médicale des parturientes, puis des futures et nouvelles mères chinoises a pu se traduire sur le terrain, en parallèle ou en dehors des politiques gouvernementales pour le moins limitées. Elle met particulièrement en lumière les manifestations locales de ce processus et l’appréhende selon la perspective des principales concernées : les femmes.Espérant convertir les populations féminines, les missionnaires chrétiens présents dans le Guangdong, particulièrement ceux appartenant à la mission presbytérienne américaine, ont développé une offre de soins qui répondait à la norme sociale chinoise de la ségrégation sexuelle. Au sein des établissements de santé spécialisés ou adaptés à l’accueil des femmes, ils ont également organisé des maternités, ainsi que des services de santé maternelle et infantile, chargés d’étendre la prise en charge des parturientes en amont et en aval de l’accouchement. Si leurs efforts ont pu être en partie freinés par la double position de subordination qu’occupaient les femmes dans l’organisation sociale confucéenne, il n’en reste pas moins que les missionnaires ont rencontré plus d’une sociétés chinoises dans le sud de la Chine et que certaines de ces particularités locales ont facilité, dans une certaine mesure, leurs efforts de médicalisation. Étant moins soumises à la ségrégation des sexes et plus impliquées dans l’économie familiale, y compris en dehors du foyer, qu’ailleurs en Chine, les femmes du Guangdong ont été relativement nombreuses à compléter des formations médicales et infirmières dans les programmes missionnaires. Par conséquent, la profession médicale a connu une véritable féminisation/sinisation, et cette région du monde s’est révélée être un terrain beaucoup plus propice à l’innovation sociale et à l’émancipation des femmes que bien des pays occidentaux. Principales forces motrices de la médicalisation de la maternité, les femmes, professionnelles comme profanes, soignantes comme patientes, n’ont pas que reçu passivement les normes, les savoirs et les pratiques de la médecine occidentale. Elles ont négociés ce modèle sur la base de leurs repères socioculturels et ont contribué à en redessiner les contours, faisant passer la médicalisation par un réel processus de naturalisationThis thesis examines the medicalization of maternity in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong between 1879 and 1938. By exploring this phenomenon through the medical missionary work carried out in the region, this analysis tries to understand how the medical care of the Chinese parturients and mothers was implemented on the ground, alongside or outside the limited government policies of the time. It highlights the local manifestations of this process and examine it from the perspective of those who are most involved: the women.The Christian missionaries in Guangdong, especially those belonging to the American Presbyterian Mission, hoped to convert the female population and developed care services that met the Chinese social norms and expectations of gender segregation. In specialized or adapted health facilities, they also organized maternity hospitals, as well as maternal and child health services, which aimed to extend the care before and after delivery. While their efforts may have been partially hampered by the doubly-subordinate position of women in Confucian social organization, the missionaries encountered more than one Chinese society in the south of the country. Some local features may have facilitated their efforts to bring Western medicine to the population.Being less subject to gender segregation and more involved in the family economy than other Chinese women, many women in Guangdong completed medical and nursing training in mission programs. As a result, the medical profession experienced a genuine feminization and sinicization. Moreover, this region of the world proved to be much more conducive to social innovation and women's emancipation than some of the Western countries from which the missionaries came. As the main driving forces in the medicalization of maternity, women (both professionals and non professionals, as caregivers or as patients), did not just passively receive and accept the norms, knowledges and practices of Western medicine. Rather, they negotiated them on the basis of their own socio-cultural values and, by doing so, helped to reshape their contours. In this way, medicalization became, at the same time, a process of naturalization
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Ewart, Helen Patricia. "Gentleman squatters, ‘self-made’ men and soldiers: masculinities in nineteenth century Australia." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/100737.
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This thesis is an exploration of the diversities of rural Australian colonial masculinities, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, moderated by place, religion, and class. Close-grained micro-histories have been produced about the two sites for this thesis, Mudgee in New South Wales and Gawler in South Australia. These micro histories, set within overarching movements in nineteenth - century society reveal both some general similarities and differences between the two towns, based upon their geography, economy and class structure and the religious and social values of their inhabitants. The different histories of the two colonies, along with all these factors affected the kinds of opportunities which were open to the six male subjects of this thesis. The micro histories are not intended to be a ‘total historical account’ rather, as Caroline Daley contends they ‘offers insights into the meanings of gender in the lives’ of the six men, three from each town, presented in the individual biographical chapters. The thesis argues that the two different environments made possible differing modes of masculinity. Furthermore, the subjects reveal more nuanced and diverse images of masculinity than what has been seen as the hegemonic ideal of masculinity for the period, namely - the lower class pastoral worker, or ‘the bushman’, which has been being articulated as the embodiment of the typical Australian. The subjects with one exception did not make any reference to this celebrated representation let alone the much debated ‘Coming Man’ or the ‘Australian type’. Rather, the British heritage was crucial. The thesis draws widely upon the literatures around masculinities, chiefly from Britain and the United States to present the six richly detailed biographical studies of these men, each set within his family, religion, class and community.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2016.
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Collins, Carolyn. "‘Those Women with Banners’: A History of the Save Our Sons Movement, 1965-1973." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/136333.
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This thesis presents a detailed historical analysis of Save Our Sons, a movement mainly comprising women that protested against the conscription of Australian youth during the Vietnam War. SOS was formed in Sydney but spread to several other mainland capitals and country centres in the mid-1960s. This thesis is the first national history of the movement, focusing on the period from 1965, when the first group was formed in Sydney, to 1973, when the last remaining group in Melbourne disbanded after conscription was abolished by the Whitlam Labor Government. Framed as a social history, it examines the origins of each group that was established, the diverse backgrounds of its members, and their many varied reasons for objecting to conscription. A large focus is the radicalisation of the movement and its evolution from a law-abiding ‘traditional’ protest movement that was recognised for its respectable dress and impeccable behaviour to one that was prepared to embrace more militant tactics. While difficult to assess the overall effect of SOS on broader Government policy, this thesis will argue that SOS was a significant part of the anti-war movement. It not only provided vital moral and practical assistance to young men at risk of conscription but was also a safe place where women new to activism could exercise dissent at a time when their participation in the political sphere was still limited. SOS women may have only been “small chips in the huge mosaic of the anti-war movement in Australia” but this thesis argues that the overall picture remains incomplete without considering their contribution. The overarching aim of this thesis is to reinstate the narrative of SOS into the broader history of the anti-war movement during the Vietnam era.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2016
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Popple, Jeff. "'The Bolshevik element must be stamped out' : returned soldiers and Queensland politics, 1918-1925." Master's thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/113874.
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The First World War was not a unifying experience for
Australian society. The demands and traumas produced by the
war played on and exacerbated long existing tensions and
divisions in Australian society. The descent from a facade of
near unanimity of purpose at the beginning of the war to the
open and bitter racial, religious and class confrontations at
its end is now well documented. Marilyn Lake and Raymond
Evans have provided accounts of the impact of the war upon the
homefront in Tasmania and Queensland between 1914 and 1918,
while L.L. Robson in his excellent study has charted the
decline of unity by focussing on responses to one issue,
enlistment.(2) Other historians have also provided sweeping
accounts or narrow specialist studies which chronicle the
degree of disunity and social conflict during the war
years.(3) Heated industrial disputes, falling wages and rising prices and two emotive conscription referenda all
helped to aggravate and extend the societal divisions caused
by religious suspicions, racial persecution and class conflict
over the inequality of wartime sacrifices. These divisions
were deepened by two overseas events; Britain’s brutal
suppression of the Irish Easter rebellion, and the Bolshevik
revolution in Russia. As a result of the trauma of war
Australian society in 1918 was a cauldron of turmoil into
which one more divisive ingredient was yet to be added, the
returned soldier.
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Deacon, Desley. "The naturalisation of dependence : the state, the new middle class and women workers 1830-1930." Phd thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130332.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis challenges current neo-Marxist, feminist and neo-Weberian theories of
the state which ignore or underestimate the role of state bureaucrats in the construction
of state institutions and the formulation and implementation of state policies. Drawing
on theories of the new middle class and intellectuals which emphasise the potential of
educated workers for autonomous and united action, the thesis examines the role of
public servants, doctors and lawyers in determining the form of the New South Wales
state and some of its major institutions and policies between 1830 and 1930.
The thesis focuses in particular on the influence of new middle class men on state
labour market and family policies concerning women. Using the New South Wales
public service as a case study, it explores aspects of the development of the new middle
class during this period, and documents the strategies by which three groups within this
class - male public servants, doctors and lawyers - attempted to extend and control their
labour markets through the agency of the state, and the effect of those strategies on educated
women workers.
The study finds a contrast between an early period of relative tolerance of labour
market competition from women and a later period of exclusion, domination and marginalisation
in which women were confined to a secondary labour market. It relates
these changes to variations in the labour market conditions and political power of new
middle class men and women. Arguing that the economic and political conditions of the
period after 1882 gave new middle class men the motivation and power to use the coercive
and ideological resources of the state to protect their own labour market position, it
shows, through a study of the interpretation of occupational statistics, public personnel
policies, the infant welfare program and the arbitration system, how new middle class
men contributed to the intensification of gender differentiation, the exclusion of women
from the primary labour market, and to the institutionalisation of dependence as the
natural status of women.
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Smith, Avis Carol. "Changing fortunes: the history of China Painting in South Australia." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59391.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses a gap in research regarding South Australian china painting. Although china painting has been practised in Australia for the last 120 years and is held in major Australian collections, it has been little researched and then in a minor role associated with ceramics and studio potters, or as women’s art/craft. The china painters too, have been little researched. My research identifies the three ‘highs’ of the changing fortunes of china painting, and how the practice survived in between. I argue that it was first taught in the city’s School of Design, Painting and Technical Art in 1894 as a skill for possible industrial employment, due to the initiative of School Principal, Harry Pelling Gill. However china painting classes were discontinued by 1897 due to an economic depression and the fact that the anticipated industry did not eventuate. In 1906 china painting classes were reinstituted in the (re-named) Adelaide School of Art and teacher Laurence Howie was pivotal in that revival. China painting classes ceased during the First World War while Howie served overseas in the Australian Forces, but resumed in 1923 after his return and appointment as Principal of the (renamed) School of Arts and Crafts. The resulting change in the fortunes of china painting was the outcome of the School’s appropriate training in art and design, and I argue this enabled emerging professional female artists to confidently exhibit china painting alongside their fine art. I will devote a chapter to the important role of the South Australian Society of Arts in facilitating this important public exposure of china painting. The Second World War marked a decline in popularity of china painting. Chapter 5 traces its survival till it burst into popularity again in 1965. Further chapters describe china painting’s following meteoric rise in fortune and the role played by the South Australian teachers of the art/craft, few of whom had received formal art training. I argue that china painting became a conservative social craft, but nonetheless a serious hobby, pursued by married, middle-class women who strongly believed their work was art, not craft. I will point out how they were visited and influenced by entrepreneurial American teachers, politically active in the art/craft debate in the United States of America. Chapter 8 will chart the steps taken by Australian teachers in the 1980s to break from the American influence and regain an Australian identity in teachers’ organisations and iconography. I will describe the debates that ensued following experimental work exhibited by avant-garde Australian teachers to resolve the art/craft debate regarding china painting in Australia, and the difficulties of maintaining china painting momentum as the majority of practitioners became elderly women. This thesis identifies education of the practitioners as a key factor throughout South Australian china painting history as a way of better understanding the place of china painting within the decorative arts. China painting is currently in decline; nevertheless, as I will point out in my conclusion, there are several future pathways it could take. Only within recent decades have curators and writers shown an increased interest in women’s decorative arts, including china painting. It is timely to undertake research before existing documentation of china painting is lost.http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1374281
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2009
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Miguda, Edith Atieno. "International catalyst and women's parliamentary recruitment : a comparative study of Kenya and Australia 1963-2002 / Edith Atieno Miguda." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22210.
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"November 2004"Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-263)
xi, 263 leaves ; 30 cm.
A comparative study of the impact of international catalysts on women's entry into the national parliaments of Kenya and Australia and whether they have similar impacts on women's parliamentary recruitment in countries that have different terms of incorporation into the international system.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, Discipline of Gender Studies, 2005
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Reid, Helen M. J. "Age of transition : a study of South Australian private girls' schools 1875-1925 / by Helen M. J. Reid." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18753.
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Johns, Leanne. "Women in colonial commerce 1817-1820 : the window of understanding provided by the Bank of New South Wales ledger and minute books." Master's thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146545.
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Topliss, Helen. "Australian female artists and modernism, 1900-1940." Phd thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133859.
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The thesis provides a revaluation of the art of Australian women artists in the
period 1900-1940. In the first instance, this study attempts to answer the
question posed by a number of male historians: "Why were there so many
succesful Australian women artists in the period between the two world wars?"
My answer has involved the analysis of three major phenomena:
1. The women's emancipation movement which enfranchised women and
gave them the key to education and subsequently to the professions.
2. The women artists of the early twentieth century were the direct benefactors
of the women's movement, the confidence that the new woman acquired
enabled her to continue her studies abroad for the first time in significant
numbers.
3. Women artists became identified with modernism and also for their
contribution to the arts and crafts movement. Critics have noted that there was
a large proportion of women artists involved with various aspects of the
modernist movement. The question has not been examined before in
Australian art because there has not been any enquiry into their collective
artistic genealogies, nor has the interconnectedness of much of their art been
noticed before. When this is analysed, it becomes clear that women had a
special affinity with aspects of modernism because of their gendered artistic
education in the nineteenth century which rendered them particularly sensitive
to some aspects of modernism. This is clear in most of the case studies of the
women artists whose careers I examine here.
My study has been conducted from the point of view established by certain
feminist critics and art historians whose theories have provided an important
perspective on the art of this period. This perspective is a necessary one, it
hinges on the concepr of "difference" in women's artistic expression. This
theory of "difference" also provides a parallel to the sociological study of women's liberation at the beginning of this century (the data for which IS
provided in the Appendices at the end of the thesis). The theory of "difference"
can be seen to link up with an analysis of gendered art education and thus
facilitates an understanding of why it was that so many women readily
pursued the criteria for modernist art.
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Dillon, Joanne. "Thirty years of feminist activism : women in welfare education reflect." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/30246/.
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This thesis traces the economic and socio-political changes in Australia over the final
three decades of the twentieth century from the perspective of 25 women engaged in
social work and welfare education. A period of significant change in its social,
economic and political history, Australia moved from Keynesian inspired trends to
social democracy under Whitlam, through the corporatist experiment of the
Hawke/Keating regime to an embrace of free market economics under the current
Howard coalition government. Utilising a narrative approach and framing the
research within feminist historical materialist standpoint, after Smith (1991) and
Naples (2003), I explore the ways in which this group of women experienced changes
to the policy context, theories as they informed their education and practice and, of
particular interest, changes to feminist theory and the impact of the women's
movement on social policy, service delivery and in each woman's personal lives.
Participants reported general feelings of frustration at the erosion of hard won gains,
especially for women and living the adage 'the personal is political ', and increased
pressures in their work and private lives over time. There was a sense of distancing of
social work from social policy alongside increasing alienation from a women's
movement that they saw as largely out of touch with an increasingly diverse and
globalised world. In this context however, the women generally remained positive for
the future, providing clear strategies as to the contribution a reinvigorated feminism
and women's movement could make to social work and social policy of the future.
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Spear, Peta, University of Western Sydney, and School of Communication and Media. "Libertine : a novel and A writer's reflection : the Libertine dynamic: existential erotic and apocalyptic Gothic." 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/26115.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis comprises two works: a novel ‘Libertine’ and a monograph ‘A writer’s reflection’. ‘Libertine’contemplates the eroticising and brutalising of being, and sex as currency, as need and as sacrament. It is set in a city where war is the norm, nightmare the standard, and ancient deities are called upon to witness the new order of killing technologies. The story is narrated by a woman chosen to be the consort of the General, a despostic war leader who believes that he has been chosen by the goddess Kali. She journeys deep into a horror which exists not only around her, but also within her. ‘Libertine’, by melding the erotic and the Gothic, tells the story of a woman enacting the role cast for her in the complex theatres of war. ‘A writer’s reflection’ discusses the themes of the novel, introducing the notion of existential erotica. The existential experience particular to the expression of the erotic being is discussed, and the dilemma which arises from a self yearning to merge ecstatically with an/other in order to obtain a heightened or differently valued self. This theme is elaborated in ‘Libertine’ with regard to subjectivity and the broader issues of nausea, horror and choice, drawing on the conventions of Gothic literature and apocalyptic visioning. This visioning, as eroticised death worship, is found in a Sadian credo of cruelty, the tantric rituals of Kali devotion, and the annihilating erotic excess propounded by Bataille. The monograph illustrated that ‘Libertine’ is not a re-representation of these elements, but an original contribution to the literature of erotica.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Santos, Isabel Cristina Chaves Seaia Russo Dos. "Darstellung de Frau Bei Joseph Roth." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3307.
Full textAbstract:
The endeavor of this thesis is to throw light on the portrayal of women by the
Austrian-Jewish writer Joseph Roth. Roth’s women are regarded as highly negative and
thus the author has increasingly been judged a male chauvinist and misogynist. This
opinion seems particularly questionable since hardly any studies on his fictitious
women have ever been conducted. The present study aims at filling that void and
thereby presenting Roth’s views in a more differentiated manner. A new approach to
Roth is thus called for. The analysis draws from the socio-historic background in which
Roth’s work is situated. In his journalism as in his fiction, Roth strived to demonstrate
and deal with the challenges of the times he lived in. His work frequently revolves
around the “damaged” post-war generation in the 1920s and 30s, the feeling of being
literally and metaphorically homeless. His later works are mostly set in the past,
although this should not be viewed as escapism but as an attempt to come to terms
with present reality. The worlds he portrays are dominated by men who are neither
whole nor strong. But although women are few and it is said they are depicted only in
crude stereotypes, the study shows that Roth does address their problems and plights.
By observing women within established types, modern and traditional, it is revealed
that Roth indeed shows depth when characterizing women, and that his interest in
them is to use them as examples to illustrate fundamental aspects of the human
condition. Rather than portraying them subservient to man, Roth demonstrates their
common humanity. His understanding for the condition of women in his times often
becomes apparent only when the narrative perspective is isolated from the
protagonists. Simultaneously his work presents a valuable literary contribution for
Gender Studies.Classics & Modern European Languages
(D. Litt. et Phil.) (German)
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Cervini, Erica. "Reading the Silence of My Great-Grandmother: The Role of Life-Writing in Locating the Hidden Life of a Jewish Woman." Thesis, 2019. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40049/.
Full textAbstract:
Family history has become a significant cultural, academic and economic pursuit giving rise to television shows, university degrees and DNA testing. Family historians grapple with epistemological questions about the extent to which a life can ever be known to someone else – limited resources exacerbate the problem. This thesis, by creative project and exegesis, focuses on Rose Pearlman, my Great-Grandmother
[1875 – 1956], and explores how the genre of life-writing contributes to our understanding of an ‘ordinary’ Jewish woman who migrated to Australia from England leaving no traditional sources such as diaries or memoirs. In so doing, this thesis makes contributions to academic and general scholarship about the extent to which knowledge resides in, and can be derived from the fragmentary, and how the researcher’s imagination - as distinct from the invention of episodes - illuminates the specificities of a Jewish woman’s life. Narrative threads in Rose Pearlman’s life are researched and developed using the genre of life-writing. This genre employs a ‘fossicking’ method which involves three actions: first, rummaging for wisps of information; second, selecting and curating an archive and third, threading together the fragments from the archive to produce narratives.
Further, this thesis argues that life-writing, which has been used by biographers and some historians to tell the stories of the maginalised, can usefully be applied to family storytelling to offer important insights into lives that have previously been hidden
from history. Holmes’ notion of ‘recreating the past’ has guided this approach. Within this context, this thesis contends that Rose Pearlman’s life provides important insights into the diversity of Jewish women’s lives generally, and challenges the trope
of the ‘rags to riches’ Jew. In addition, it makes original contributions to the history of Jewish women in Australia during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Finally, it adds to emerging and ongoing discussions in the academy about the
importance of family history in contributing evidence which may help to question and reshape established historical narratives. This thesis also has personal significance because Rose Pearlman is part of my family. Tanya Evans notes that each family’s history has the ‘potential to be part of local, national, global class and gender history’. Within this frame, Rose Pearlman’s life is afforded enduring meaning because it represents a moment in time that tells her descendants – and the wider public – about her connection to local communities and to national policies. Structurally, this thesis is divided into three parts. The first presents the preface and overall introduction to the creative project and exegesis. The second part, the creative component, is entitled ‘Yizkor for Rose: A Life Lost and Found’. The exegesis, ‘But She Didn’t Leave a Diary!’: Making Sense of Fragments of a life, forms the third and
final part of this work.
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Campbell, Margaret. "Searching the silences of war : a creative and theoretical exploration." Thesis, 2013. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/21486/.
Full textAbstract:
Searching the Silences of War: A Creative and Theoretical Exploration consists of
two parts: Part One, the creative component Finding Sophie, is a young adult novel
and Part Two, Searching the Silence, is the accompanying exegesis. Both the novel
and the exegesis explore the Anzac myth’s impact on war narratives, the omission of
women’s experiences in those narratives and silences in official versions of
Australia’s history of war presented to young adults: the truth of the war experience;
the Defence Force’s strategy to present only a favourable image; the censorship of the
media; the hero myth; the impact of war on women and families; and the lack of
representation of, and writing by, women about the Vietnam War. -- Part One, Finding Sophie the novel, set in Werribee in 1997, is told from the
perspective of seventeen year old Sophie recovering at her grandparents’ farm after a
serious illness. Her grandmother was a protestor during the Vietnam War, her greatuncle,
who also lives on the farm, fought as a member of the Australian Army
Training Team Vietnam. Unexpected events lead to a questioning of the family’s
highly regarded military history, the shattering discovery of a World War II family
secret and the voicing of silences and shame with a particular focus on the Vietnam
War. -- Part Two, Searching the Silence the exegesis, explores young adult fiction dealing
with war and its repercussions and the use of narrative devices which engage and
influence young adult readers. It documents the challenges associated with being a
woman writing a young adult novel about war, a novel which subverts the traditional
war narrative and aims to address the issues of invisibility and omission, the gaps and
slippages in popular war narratives. Finding Sophie is based on extensive research on
Australia’s involvement in war and on the way that involvement has been narrated –
some aspects mythologised and silenced. In this exegesis those aspects of the research
that have shaped the novel are discussed: official history and the ‘hero myth’;
emotional repression; between generations, shame and guilt; the lack of agency and
repression of women’s stories.