Academic literature on the topic 'Women – Social life and customs – Maldives'
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Journal articles on the topic "Women – Social life and customs – Maldives"
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Gianfortoni, Emily Wells. "Marriage Customs in Lar: The Role of Women's Networks in Tradition and Change." Iran and the Caucasus 13, no. 2 (2009): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338410x12625876281181.
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AbstractOne reason many traditional Lari customs celebrating life cycle events, such as births, marriages, and pilgrimages were preserved well into the 1970s is that women, particularly the older women, have been the keepers of this knowledge. They maintained the practice of these customs and passed on the knowledge to their daughters and younger members of their social networks. This paper examines Lari marriage practices in the 1970s and contrasts them with earlier customs as reported by older women. It discusses also the role of social networks in maintaining, changing, and passing on marriage customs.
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Et al., Gulnaz Sattar,. "PATRIARCHY AS A SOCIAL TRIBAL VALUE: FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF JAMIL AHMAD’S THE WANDERING FALCON." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 4236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1489.
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The present study is aimed to investigate the status of women in the novel The Wandering Falcon by Jamil Ahmed originally published in 2011. The Wandering Falcon is a collection of nine short stories. All the stories are interlinked with one another. The novel shows life in the tribal areas situated at the borders of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. In the present study, the researcher has examined the impacts of tribal traditions and rules on the lives of the people of these region. The research deals with the cruel and brutal laws of Federally Administrative Tribal Areas (FATA) and the miserable life style of these tribal people, especially the women of the region, as depicted in the novel. The tribal people have to face the indifference of nature as well as the supremacy of society. The rules and regulations of society have a deep impact on the social, mental and psychological development of its members. The present study deals with the social status of women in these tribal areas. It describes the attitude of tribal customs and traditions toward women and reflects the impact of these brutal laws on the lives of women as well as the poor and suppressed class of the society. This article aims to highlight the tribal customs which, commodify the women of FATA. Qualitative research paradigm has been selected for the novel as it tends to be exploratory and interpretative and feminist perspective have been applied on the sample.
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Blackwood, Evelyn. "Representing Women: The Politics of MinangkabauAdatWritings." Journal of Asian Studies 60, no. 1 (February 2001): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2659507.
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Despite a large number of both historical and anthropological works on the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, Indonesia, a number of questions remain concerning this matrilineal and Islamic society. In a recent study, historian Ken Young articulated a growing consensus that the received models of Minangkabau social life are suspect, including the “idealised categories ofnagari[village],adat[customs], matrilineal kinship, lineage property rights, and the autonomy of village communities governed bypanghulu[titled men, Minangkabau spelling]” (Young 1994, 12). Anthropologists have been equally perturbed by what they consider to be inconsistencies in Minangkabau life, such as the contradiction between Islamic law and matrilinealadat(customary laws, beliefs, and practices concerning matrilineal kinship and inheritance). The inconsistency that I address in this essay lies in the contradictory representations of elite men's and elite women's power in Minangkabau literature.
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Ahmed, Bashir, and Humera Naz. "Women In The Folk Literature Of Sindh: Re-Examining The Poetry Of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 14, no. 1 (March 8, 2017): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v14i1.140.
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This article is an attempt to examine the significance of folk literature which embodies the history, tradition and culture; implies a socio-cultural corpus specific to a particular ethnic group, and includes folk-behavior or the study of the specific customs and beliefs of a given social group and folk life or the study of folk-traditions. The folk literature of Sindh, like all other folk literature is the result of an interaction of cultural, geographical and religious factors that offers valuable historical evidence of cultural influence. Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai (1689- 1752 CE) is a celebrated Sufi poet, philosopher and social reformist, who employed folklore as a major segment in his poetry. The collection of Bhitai’s poetry which mostly comprised of the folklore is titled Shah Jo Risalo. This paper deals with a socio-cultural analysis of the folklore as a source for providing an image of the woman in the society. The Sindhi folklore also depicts an interesting picture of the prevailing customs and traditions. This article deals with a critical approach in order to reveal some historical truth in this regard.
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Nguia Oniangué, Gemma Cliff. "Contrastive Analysis of Kibeembe and English sexist proverbs." English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies 2, no. 4 (January 6, 2021): p65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v2n4p65.
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Social discrimination in general and sexual one in particular bears several negative social impacts whose manifestations are even observable in human being behaviours through speech acts and proverbs in particular emphasizing on sexist aspect. Knowing that African customs are the basis or the foundation of the African people’s life, women are not given the same consideration as in Western countries. Accordingly, a look on the sexist proverb both in English and Kibeembe will help to see the actual place of women provided by these two respective communities. Finally, the data has shown in some respect that there are some similarities between English and Kibeembe sexist proverbs
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Juliantini, Ni Ketut Dian, I. Putu Sudana, Herkulanus Bambang Suprasto, and I. Gusti Ayu Made Asri Dwija Putri. "Gender and work-life balance: A phenomenological study on Balinese female auditor." International journal of social sciences and humanities 3, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v3n2.318.
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The auditor is one promising profession to current and the future. The number of women auditors currently is higher than in men. However, the number of female auditors currently has positively increased. Balinese female auditor’s research used an interpretive phenomenology analysis approach in exploring understanding. The subjects of this study involved three Balinese female auditors. Data mining was carried out by conducting in-depth interviewees to gain an understanding of the interviewer’s role as auditors of Balinese women in a dual role. The excavation results show the auditors have the concept of work-life balance always happy in life and always grateful. The highest motivation and support of interviewees is their family. Work-life balance is a challenge in life, namely, career, family, and social aspects in the customs form. The alternative work arrangements development is felt to be a solution to reduce work-life conflict and female auditor fatigue.
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Smart, Laura S. "Parental Bereavement in Anglo American History." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 28, no. 1 (February 1994): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gxw8-n24m-e9w4-qh7m.
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Contemporary bereaved parents who usually lack prior experience with the death of an infant or young child also lack understanding of how parents reacted in previous centuries when a child died. This article reviews social science writing on parental bereavement in Anglo-American history, concluding that parents as early as the early seventeenth century have left records of their grief. Cultural understanding and customs surrounding death have changed, and around 1800 women began to leave records of their grief in letters and diaries. Emotional expressiveness following infant death was greatest during the nineteenth century, but decreased toward the end of the century and became taboo in the twentieth. Compared to men's, expressions of grief by women and writings directed toward women have been more expressive of emotion. Relatively little has been written about parental bereavement in the early and mid-twentieth century.
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SHERIF, BAHIRA. "The Prayer of a Married Man Is Equal to Seventy Prayers of a Single Man." Journal of Family Issues 20, no. 5 (September 1999): 617–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251399020005003.
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This study examines the central role of marriage among upper-middle-class Muslim Egyptians in Cairo, Egypt. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out over a total of 20 months by the author between 1988 and 1996. Using religious and legal sources as well as semistructured interviews and participant observation among two generations of 20 households, this study indicates that marriage continues to occupy a significant place in the life course of both upper-middle-class Muslim men and women. This article indicates that societal norms, as well as family structure and expectations, influence the prevalence of marriage as a necessary rite of passage for achieving adulthood among this class of Egyptians. Furthermore, this article describes the actual customs, beliefs, and practices associated with Muslim Egyptian marriages to counteract the Western bias that often obscures studies of this area of the world.
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Белова, Анна Валерьевна, and Константин Алексеевич Петров. "THE PROBLEM OF SOCIAL DEPRIVATION OF WOMEN IN THE SOCIETIES OF POST-COLONIAL SUBSAHARIAN AFRICA." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: История, no. 2(58) (August 16, 2021): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vthistory/2021.2.088-102.
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Статья посвящена анализу проблемы социальной депривации женщин в обществах постколониальной Тропической Африки. Автор сконцентрировал внимание на изучении важнейших социальных институтов, которые являются определяющими для женской повседневности в субсахарском регионе, - семье, образовании и здравоохранении. В статье выявлены ключевые аспекты депривации: минимальный возраст вступления в брак, главенство в семье, статус женщины, родительские права и обязанности, доступ к образованию, причины отсева девочек из школ, доступ к репродуктивной медицине. Автор приходит к выводу, что главным фактором депривации на постколониальном этапе развития субсахарских обществ остаются обычаи и традиционные практики, способствующие сохранению стереотипов фемининности и формированию типичных гендерных сценариев. The article is an analysis of the problem of social deprivation of women in the societies of postcolonial Tropical Africa. The author focused on the study of the most important social institutions that are decisive for women's everyday life in the Sub-Saharan region - family, education and health care. The author identifies the key aspects of deprivation: the minimum age at marriage, domination in the family, the status of women, parental rights and responsibilities, access to education, reasons for girls dropping out of school, access to reproductive medicine. The author concludes that the main factor of deprivation at the postcolonial stage of development of sub-Saharan societies remains customs and traditional practices that contribute to the preservation of stereotypes of femininity and the formation of typical gender scenarios.
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Szczepankiewicz, Jan. "Czy przedsiębiorczość ma płeć?" Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja 2 (January 1, 2006): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20833296.2.22.
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The goal of this article is to take into consideration a problem of entrepreneurship among men and women. In author’s opinion this problem is unilaterally overused as an element of economical struggle and that is why it is harmful for activities of both parties. Author notes that the work of many politicians and women’s organizations impedes a natural entrepreneurship development, which takes into account all the conditions related to how the individuals function in the society. Excessive interference in customs, some legislation in Labor Law, breaking the rules of free market, all of them cause the lost of a natural competitiveness, restrictions on freedom of choice and tendencies to excessive control. Author highlights that more freedom in economic, social and political life, less detailed regulations, state interferences and short-term politics mean better conditions for the entrepreneurship development of both genders - in forms appropriate for men and women - more social justice and better protection for our property.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women – Social life and customs – Maldives"
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Razee, Husna Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "???Being a Good Woman???: suffering and distress through the voices of women in the Maldives." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27258.
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This ethnographic study explored the social and cultural context of Maldivian women???s emotional, social and psychological well-being and the subjective meanings they assign to their distress. The central question for the study was: How is suffering and distress in Maldivian women explained, experienced, expressed and dealt with? In this study participant observation was enhanced by lengthy encounters with women and with both biomedical and traditional healers. The findings showed that the suffering and distress of women is embedded in the social and economic circumstances in which they live, the nature of gender relations and how culture shapes these relations, the cultural notions related to being a good woman; and how culture defines and structures women???s place within the family and society. Explanations for distress included mystical, magical and animistic causes as well as social, psychological and biological causes. Women???s experiences of distress were mainly expressed through body metaphors and somatization. The pathway to dealing with their distress was explained by women???s tendency to normalize their distress and what they perceived to be the causes of their distress. This study provides an empirical understanding of Maldivian women???s mental well-being. Based on the findings of this study, a multi dimensional model entitled the Mandala for Suffering and Distress is proposed. The data contributes a proposed foundation upon which mental health policy and mental health interventions, and curricula for training of health care providers in the Maldives may be built. The data also adds to the existing global body of evidence on social determinants of mental health and enhances current knowledge and developments in the area of cultural competency for health care. The model and the lessons learnt from this study have major implications for informing clinicians on culturally congruent ways of diagnosing and managing mental health problems and developing patient-centred mental health services.
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Woodruff, Sylvia. "Sherpa women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/402.
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Thompson, Heather Ann. "Bloody women : rites of passage, blood and Artemis : women in Classical Athenian conception." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15182.
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The expected role for women in 5th century Athens as presented in evidence from myths, rituals, medicine and religion was socially and biologically conceived of in strict terms, but it was also perceived as conflicted. This conflict will be explored by investigating women in real life and women in myth and ritual. The ideal rites of passage women were intended to pass through in their lives as exemplified in medical texts required women to shed their blood at appropriate times from menarche to marriage to motherhood. These transitions are socially signified by certain rituals designed to highlight the change in the individuals' status. This medical conception of the female body and its functions was affected by social expectations of the proper female role in society: to be a wife and mother. Myths presented extraordinary women as failing to bleed in the standard socially expected transitions from parthenos to gyne. The discrepancy between the presentation of women in social and medical thought and the presentation of women in myth indicates the ambiguities and difficulties that surround the development of girls into complete women often explored in rituals. These two provinces, women in everyday life and women in myth and ritual, overlap, relate and interpenetrate in the presentation of the goddess Artemis. Artemis operates in a place where myth and real life function together in the form of rituals surrounding women bleeding in these rites of passage. The methodology of social anthropology adopted in this study allows the interpretation of myth in action in women's lives and investigates where social ideals, mythology and the goddess Artemis overlap to inform the lives of women. Rather than merely describe what occurred in myth and ritual or what a woman's life was meant to be, this model will illustrate how such elements combined to affect a woman's life and the functioning of the society in which she lived. The picture which is created of the position of women when this evidence is considered in conjunction with the precepts of social anthropology illustrates part of a discourse about the position women and reveals how the social structure of their place in society was produced and reproduced.
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Prag, Hanita T. "The coping resources and subjective well-being of dual-career Hindu mothers." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/593.
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With the increasing number of women entering the labour force internationally, the role of women is changing. Consequently, researchers are pressed to investigate how females of all cultures balance their work and family responsibilities. Amongst Hindu couples, this issue can either be a source of tension or positive support. An overview of literature indicates that the psychological aspects of dual-career Hindu women have received little attention in South Africa. The current study aimed to explore and describe coping resources and the subjective well-being of full-time employed Hindu mothers. The study took the form of a non-experimental exploratory-descriptive design. Participants were selected through nonprobability convenience sampling. The sample of the study consisted of sixty full-time employed Hindu mothers between the ages of 25 and 45 years of age who had at least one dependent primary school child aged between 7 to 12 years. Various questionnaires were used to collect data for this study. These included a Biographical Questionnaire, The Coping Resources Inventory (CRI), The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and The Affectometer 2 (AFM2). Data was analysed by means of descriptive statistics. Cronbach’s coefficient alphas were utilised to calculate the reliability of the scores of each questionnaire. A multivariate technique was used to determine the amount of clusters formed. A non-hierarchical partitioning technique known as K-means cluster analysis was utilised in this study. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilised in order to compare the mean scores of the various clusters. A post-hoc analysis using the Scheffé test was computed to test for significant differences. Cohen’s d statistics was subsequently used to determine the practical significance of the differences found between the cluster means on each of the measures. The cluster analysis indicated three clusters that differed significantly from one another on all three measures. The results of the CRI indicated that the participants used cognitive and spiritual resources to assist them to cope with the transition from traditional to modern contemporary roles. It was also found that the participants with low coping resources had inferior subjective well-being compared to those who had average and high CRI scores. The findings indicated that the participants were generally satisfied with their lives and experienced high levels of positive affect and low levels of negative affect. However, as a group there was a trend for the participants to have experienced slightly lower levels of global happiness or slightly negative affect. The results of this study broadens the knowledge base of positive psychology with respect to the diverse cultures and gender roles within South Africa. Overall, this study highlighted the value and the need for South African research on the coping resources and subjective well-being of dual-career Hindu mothers.
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Drum, Mary Therese, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Women, religion and social change in the Philippines: Refractions of the past in urban filipinas' religious practices today." Deakin University. School of Social Inquiry, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060825.115435.
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This research is an exploration of the place of religious beliefs and practices in the life of contemporary, predominantly Catholic, Filipinas in a large Quezon City Barangay in Metro Manila. I use an iterative discussion of the present in the light of historical studies, which point to women in pre-Spanish Filipino society having been the custodians of a rich religious heritage and the central performers in a great variety of ritual activities. I contend that although the widespread Catholic evangelisation, which accompanied colonisation, privileged male religious leadership, Filipinos have retained their belief in feminine personages being primary conduits of access to spiritual agency through which the course of life is directed. In continuity with pre-Hispanic practices, religious activities continue to be conceived in popular consciousness as predominantly womens sphere of work in the Philippines. I argue that the reason for this is that power is not conceived as a unitary, undifferentiated entity. There are gendered avenues to prestige and power in the Philippines, one of which directly concerns religious leadership and authority. The legitimacy of religious leadership in the Philippines is heavily dependent on the ability to foster and maintain harmonious social relations. At the local level, this leadership role is largely vested in mature influential women, who are the primary arbiters of social values in their local communities. I hold that Filipinos have appropriated symbols of Catholicism in ways that allow for a continuation and strengthening of their basic indigenous beliefs so that Filipinos religious beliefs and practices are not dichotomous, as has sometimes been argued. Rather, I illustrate from my research that present day urban Filipinos engage in a blend of formal and informal religious practices and that in the rituals associated with both of these forms of religious practice, women exercise important and influential roles. From the position of a feminist perspective I draw on individual womens articulation of their life stories, combined with my observation and participation in the religious practices of Catholic women from different ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds, to discuss the role of Filipinas in local level community religious leadership. I make interconnections between womens influence in this sphere, their positioning in family social relations, their role in the celebration of All Saints and All Souls Days in Metro Manilas cemeteries and the ubiquity and importance of Marian devotions. I accompany these discussions with an extensive body of pictorial plates.
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Nahanni, Phoebe. "Dene women in the traditional and modern northern economy in Denendeh, Northwest Territories, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56663.
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The Dene are a subarctic people indigenous to northern Canada. The indirect and direct contact the Dene had with the European traders and Christian missionaries who came to their land around the turn of the 20th century triggered profound changes in their society and economy. This study focuses on some of these changes, and, particularly, on how they have affected the lives of Dene women who inhabit the small community of Fort Liard, which is located in the southwest corner of the Northwest Territories.Using as context the formal and informal economy and the concept of the model of production, the author proposes two main ideas: first, "nurturing" or "social reproduction" and "providing" or "production" are vital and integral to the Dene's subsistence economy and concept of work; second, it is through the custom of "seclusion" or female puberty rites that the teaching and learning of these responsibilities occurred. Dene women played a pivotal role in this process. The impositions of external government, Christianity, capitalism, and free market economics have altered Dene women's concept of work.
The Dene women of Fort Liard are presently working to regain the social and economic status they once had. However, reclaiming their status in current times involves recognizing conflicting and contradictory ideologies in the workplace. The goal of these Dene women is, ultimately, to overcome economic and ideological obstacles, to reinforce common cultural values, and to reaffirm the primacy of their own conceptions of family and community. The goal of this study is to identify and examine the broad spectrum of factors and conditions that play a role in their struggles.
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Prado, Luis Antonio. "Patriarchy and machismo: Political, economic and social effects on women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2623.
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This thesis focuses on patriarchy and machismo and the long lasting political, economic, and social effects that their practice has had on women in the United States and Latin America. It examines the role of the Catholic Church, political influences, social, cultural, economic and legal issues, historic issues (such as the Industrial Revolution), the importance of the family's preference for sons rather than daughters, and the differences in the raising of male and female children for their adult roles.
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Liebenberg, Alida. "Authority, avoidances and marriage: an analysis of the position of Gcaleka women in Qwaninga, Willowvale District, Transkei." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002663.
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Authority as it operates in the daily lives of married women in Gcaleka society is reinforced and maintained by a body of avoidances which women need to observe during their married lives. Avoidances constitute part of the control system in the society whereby wives are being 'kept in their place'. Avoidances do not only restrict her, but also safeguard her position and her interests. Lines of authority emerge through the process of interaction; the structure reveals itself as avoidances are acted out in time and space. This study was conducted in Qwaninga, an administrative area in the coastal area of the Willowvale district, Transkei. The research started out as a study of ritual impurity and the status of women in a traditional, 'red' Gcaleka society. It soon became clear that pollution practices and beliefs associated with women form part of a greater body of avoidances which women need to observe during their married lives. Avoidances entail economic, dietary, sexual, linguistic and spatial prohibitions; as well as restrictions concerning what a woman is supposed to wear, and her withdrawal from social life. These restrictions are enforced through certain ritual and other sanctions. Three forms of avoidances are identified in this study, and are discussed and analysed. Avoidances are found in the everyday male/female division in society; in the ways through which the wife shows respect towards her husband and her in-laws (especially her husband's ancestors); and in the reproductive situations a woman finds herself in from time to time. In many anthropological studies in the past women have often been hidden in the background. This study is an attempt to give women the prominence they should be given, to show that nonwestern women are not as subordinated as people in Western society like to assume. In Gcaleka society the authority structure affecting the position of women is not only based on a distinction being made between males and females. It will be shown that a finer authority structure operates in this society whereby gender as well as age and kinship distinctions are being made. These distinctions constitute a system of classification which is safeguarded and protected by the avoidances and other restrictions imposed on women.
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May, Ester Ruby. "Virginity testing: towards outlawing the cultural practical practice that violates our daughters." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2003. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Elsley, Judith Helen 1952. "The semiotics of quilting: discourse of the marginalized." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565534.
Full textBooks on the topic "Women – Social life and customs – Maldives"
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Wickham, Alison. Women speak: Life for Clonakilty women in the 1900's. County Cork: Wickham Books, 2013.
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Coryell, Dorothea Smith. China women. Santa Barbara, CA: D.S. Coryell, 1992.
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Islands, women, and God. Dallas, TX: Browder Springs Press, 2001.
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Women about town. New York: Penguin Books, 2003.
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1861-1942, Takeuchi Keishū, ed. Japanese girls & women. London: Kegan Paul, 2001.
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Michael, Pringle, Fahy Marguerite 1948-, Beale Fleur, and Shimshal Trust, eds. Women of Shimshal. [Wellington, N.Z.]: Shimshal Pub., 2010.
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Cowgirls: Women of the American West. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992.
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Bauer, Tricia. Working women and other stories. Bridgehampton, N.Y: Bridge Works Pub. Co., 1995.
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Women and children first: Stories. New York: Perennial, 2003.
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Prose, Francine. Women and children first: Stories. New York: Pantheon Books, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Women – Social life and customs – Maldives"
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Zoutewelle-Terovan, Mioara, and Joanne S. Muller. "Adding Well-Being to Ageing: Family Transitions as Determinants of Later-Life Socio-Emotional and Economic Well-Being." In Social Background and the Demographic Life Course: Cross-National Comparisons, 79–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67345-1_5.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on adult family-related experiences and the manner in which they affect later-life socio-emotional and economic well-being (loneliness, employment, earnings). Particularly innovative is the investigation of these relationships in a cross-national perspective. Results from two studies conducted by the authors of this chapter within the CONOPP project show that deviations from family-related social customs differently impact socio-emotional and economic well-being outcomes as there is: (a) a non-normative family penalty for loneliness (individuals who never experience cohabitation/marriage or parenthood or postpone such events are the loneliest); and (b) a non-normative family bonus for women’s economic outcomes (single and/or childless women have the highest earnings). Moreover, analyses revealed that European countries differ considerably in the manner in which similar family-related experiences affect later-life well-being. For example, childlessness had a stronger negative impact on loneliness in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe and the observed heterogeneity could be explained by culturally-embedded family-related values and norms (childless individuals in countries placing stronger accent on ‘traditional’ family values are lonelier compared to childless individuals in less ‘traditionalistic’ nations). In terms of economic outcomes, results show that the lower the female labor force participation during child-rearing years, the more substantial the differences in later-life employment and income between women with different family life trajectories.
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Das, Nivedita. "The Changing Concept of Self and Identity in Aging Working Women from Shelter Homes: Case Studies on Rebuilding of Interpersonal Relationships." In Interpersonal Relationships [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95317.
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Violence against women has been the subject of study in many countries and in different cultures. The fact that women enjoy a secondary position in many societies is proved through different studies, in spite of the changes in the laws of the countries. How differently a woman is treated at home and work front too is a known subject of research. There are numerous women out there who have been forced into the work force without any option left for them to decide otherwise. May be they don’t enjoy the recognition they deserve and the only motivating force for them is the preservation of their individual dignity. There is no certainty about their future yet they are successful in many ways. Here are three women who have dared to raise a voice against the injustice done to them and have ended up in shelter homes for having a mind which thinks differently than the imposed social norms and customs set by the society and have used their voice to get help to preserve their dignity. From uncertainty about life and hopelessness to gaining confidence, having a strong resiliency to hoping for a better future for the future generation, they have seen it all and have extraordinary inspiring life stories to share with the ordinary women.
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Vera, Alejandro. "The Private Sphere and the Music Trade." In The Sweet Penance of Music, 157–229. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190940218.003.0004.
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This chapter studies the musical life of private houses in the city. Informed by historical documents (namely wills, dowries, inventories, and customs records), music scores, and treatises from the colonial period, it begins by documenting the instruments and books of music that prevailed in the domestic space and its context. Subsequently, it supplies new information about the music trade among individuals from Cádiz, Lima, and Santiago, showing how the elite took advantage of their commercial networks to foster their musical practice. It also revises the role performed by women and the familiar entourage in private musical life, as well as the prevailing genres and styles, highlighting the different ways of performing dances and songs. One of the chapter’s conclusions, indeed, is that the performance—more than the instruments and genres in themselves—acquired increasing importance in social terms during the 18th century, as the enlightened ideas gained more influence in the city.
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Rosinger, Asher Y., and Hilary J. Bethancourt. "Chicha as Water." In Alcohol and Humans, 147–62. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842460.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Since the agricultural revolution, traditional fermented beers served social and dietary functions, including hydration. There are longstanding customs of producing, consuming, and socializing with home-made beers. However, because they are time- and labour-intensive to produce, shifts away from traditional beers often occur with the introduction of market alcohols, which may not fulfil the dietary functions of traditional beers. This paper uses nine years of longitudinal data from 963 Tsimane’ Bolivian forager-horticulturalist adults to examine how the consumption of chicha, a traditional fermented beer, and market alcohol changed during a period of increased market integration from 2002 to 2010. It then uses cross-sectional dietary recall data with 45 adults to estimate chicha contributions to water intake. Our findings suggest that chicha consumption has decreased over time for women but not men. Chicha consumption, while more common, was strongly predictive of market alcohol consumption. Chicha contributed 1 litre to water needs for men and 0.6 litre for women. The increased drive to produce cash crops may not only limit the availability of preferred crops for chicha but also reduce the amount of time available to spend making chicha. Alternatives for making water more palatable, such as adding store-bought water flavouring powders, could further reduce traditional chicha consumption thereby having potential implications on daily social life and ripple effects on nutrition and hydration.
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Eisler, Riane. "A New Beginning." In Nurturing Our Humanity, 280–300. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190935726.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
This closing chapter opens with a brief summary of what came before. Across cultures and times, partnership systems and domination systems have affected our brains, actions, relationships, values, customs, and institutions. Over the last centuries, progressive social movements focused on dismantling economic and political domination, but gave scant attention to traditions of domination and violence in parent-child and gender relations, so domination systems keep rebuilding themselves. The rest of the chapter is a call to action. It details how to construct the missing four cornerstones required to support a more equitable, caring, and sustainable partnership future. The first cornerstone is childhood; concrete steps to reduce the staggering rates of abuse and violence against children worldwide are proposed. The second cornerstone is gender; as prerequisites for a better future, actions to change the devaluation of women and the “feminine” are described. The third cornerstone is economics, going beyond capitalism and socialism to meet our environmental, technological, and social challenges by recognizing the enormous value of the essential work of caring for people, starting in early childhood, and caring for nature. The fourth cornerstone consists of narratives and language; here, the Biocultural Partnership-Domination Lens is an essential tool in all areas of life, from education to guiding biotechnology and artificial intelligence in ways that support the expression of our evolutionary predispositions for caring, consciousness, and creativity.