Academic literature on the topic 'Women – social conditions – early works to 1800'
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Journal articles on the topic "Women – social conditions – early works to 1800"
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Belyaeva, Lyudmila A. "The structuration of Russian society in the 19th and early 20th century (based on the works of domestic researchers)." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 11, no. 2 (2020): 14–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2020.11.2.639.
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This article represents the first stage of a research project dedicated to analyzing the structuration of Russian society throughout the period since the mid 1800’s and until this day. The timeline for part one includes the period up until 1917, while part two will be dedicated to Soviet and post-Soviet times. This article utilizes the methodology of A. Giddens, who suggested using the term “structuration” in order to analyze social relationships in space and time. This methodology implies examining structuration processes through the lens of those studies which were conducted during periods when radical shifts were occurring within the structure of Russian society. The main event which defined the direction for social change turned out to be the emancipation of the serfs in the Russian Empire, which lead to shifts in the population’s structure: accelerated development of a working class, social transformations in the village, and the advancement of internal migration in Russia. The article shows that in Russia these processes were accompanied by science, which included official agencies conducting population censuses, studying the composition and working conditions at factories and plants (this function was carried out by plant and manufactory inspectorates), as well as studies conducted by scientists and practitioners. The works of Nikolai Kalachov, N. Flerovsky, Evgeny Pogozhev, Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi and others aided in developing detailed social characteristics of workers and their position in the structure of society and at work. Studying the village (and consequently the largest social class – the peasants) was the prerogative of provincial councils. Comprehensive monographic studies were conducted by Piotr Semionov, Vassily Pokrovsky, Vassily Orlov, Piotr Chervinsky, Fedor Shcherbina, as well as other researchers. The article shows that the population’s structuration at the turn of the century in regards to the territorial aspect depended on resettlement and internal migration to a significant degree. Remarkable studies of this process were conducted by Denis Davydov, Evgeny Anuchin, Isaac Hourwich, Ivan Yamzin and other Russian scientists. Aside from scientists, practitioners also took part in these studies. The Russian intelligentsia actively partook in field research. The educated class’ efforts made it possible to attain valuable data on society’s structure, on the state of social relationships in Russia, migration processes, and the social characteristics of society’s key structural elements – peasants and workers.
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Fusco, Carla. "Female Factory Workers in Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna’s Quest." Gender Studies 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/genst-2017-0002.
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Abstract Female workers represent a fundamental component of the workforce to the extent that it is true that the Industrial Revolution owes them a huge debt. However, despite the unfair exploitation of many women in factories in which conditions resembled manslaughter, they have been often neglected and reduced to liminal characters by Victorian novelists. An interesting exception in the early Victorian period is represented by the writer Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna, whose fiction works as a medium of social criticism. Her semi-fictional The Wrongs of Woman is a reform novel which sheds a controversial light on female working conditions. On the one hand she indeed deplores the inhuman treatment of female labourers, but on the other hand she also argues that female employment provokes a consequent increase in male unemployment! My paper aims to investigate the role of Tonna’s text and her attempt to alleviate working-class suffering.
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Daud, Fathonah K., and HM Ridlwan Hambali. "QIRÂAH FÎ KHIȚÂB AL-MAR'AH: A STUDY OF GENDER ISSUES IN THE BOOK DAWÂIR AL-KHAWF." Al Hakam: The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law and Gender Issues 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2024): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35896/alhakam.v4i1.773.
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This article examines gender issues in the thoughts of Naṣr Ḥāmid Abu Zayd as stated in his book entitled Dawâir Al-Khawf Qirâah Fî Khițâb Al-Mar'ah. Naṣr Ḥāmid was originally a follower of Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun, who later turned into a liberal intellectual figure from Egypt who was known for his controversial and controversial thoughts. This study uses a literature study which refers to several main books of his works and is added to secondary sources in the form of several writings resulting from research on the thoughts of Naṣr Ḥāmid Abu Zayd. The results of this research show that Naṣr Ḥāmid criticizes the interpretations that have developed over time, especially regarding qiwâmah, inheritance, talak, polygyny and women's private parts (hijab). According to him, women are part of the substance that is rooted in human social existence in certain historical realities. These conditions of social relations determine the position of men and women equally in the social, cultural and intellectual framework. Both are equal as complete human beings. This thinking places him at the level of progressive thought and attracts many groups, which is sometimes in harmony with the ideas of early Egyptian Muslim feminists, namely Muhammad Abduh.
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Farooqui, Rummana, and Eman AlDoseri. "Gender Roles in Transition: A Study of Women Issues and the Changing Role of Gender in the Feminist Literature from the Progressive Era." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 7, no. 5 (May 16, 2024): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.5.6.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the role of women in the Progressive Era through different stories written during similar times, as well as to develop deeper insight into the social and emotional impact on the personal freedom of women. During the 1900s, women were considered inferior in a patriarchal society. They were subdued and discriminated against in all walks of life, and they were obliged to perform family duties and society. Before the Progressive Era, women were oppressed and treated as second-class citizens. They were considered only wives and mothers, created only to obey and serve their husbands, to look after their children and to take care of the household. As women's attitudes changed, reform movements gained momentum in the late 19th century. American women were no longer seen as mothers or wives confined to their homes; rather, societal change demanded that they be educated, work and contribute to the social order. As a result, the Women’s rights movements in the 19th century and the Feminist Movements in the early 20th century were involved in a series of efforts to fight for the restoration of gender equality. Thus, female roles in American society in the Progressive Era changed drastically in terms of education, job opportunities and improved living conditions. The objective of this study is to examine and analyze the women characters, their issues, as well as the changing gender roles in the works of Charlotte Gilman, Kate Chopin and Susan Glaspell based on the structural elements, using qualitative research with documentation technique.
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Kaymarazov, Gani Sh, and Leyla G. Kaymarazova. "LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN-HIGHLANDERS IN THE END OF 1920S – FIRST HALF OF 1930S: EXPECTATIONS AND REALITY." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 16, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 982–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch164982-1001.
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The modern legal status of a Russian woman and the establishment of conditions for achieving equality between men and women have been in the focus of the state and society. In this regard, the study and generalization of the historical experience of gender regulation in Soviet Russia (1917–1991), especially in the late 1920s – early 1930s, is of undoubted scientific and practical interest, by the end of which the authorities announced the solution to the “women’s question”. The issues of the legal status of the Russian women are reflected in works of native, as well as regional and foreign experts. Modern historiographical groundwork, new sources (starting from the normative and record-keeping documents to materials of periodicals and ego-documents), the use of the principle of historicism, systematic and anthropologic approaches, comparative-historical, comparative-legal and descriptive methods allow to reveal the legal status of women-highlanders of Dagestan.
The study aims to demonstrate how in the conditions of the polyethnic region the Soviet legislation of the first decades of Soviet power, making adjustments to the rights and obligations of a highland woman who was under the great influence of Islam and the historically established traditions of Dagestan society, changed its position and provided new opportunities for implementation women’s aspirations in everyday, economic, professional, political and cultural life. The paper provides estimations on some “traditional” practices of women, who were discontented with policies carried out by the Soviet power and who organized public marches.
As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the Soviet authorities viewed women as their ally in socialist transformations, and the legal and economic equality of men and women, recorded in Soviet laws, created conditions for the involvement of women in all spheres of life of the Dagestan society. At the same time, during the period under review, the predominance of the traditional form of the family continued to be ensured by the strictest social control.
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KHACHATURIAN, Karine. "GENDER ASPECT OF THE NOVEL PANAS MIRNY'S POVIYA." Astraea 3, no. 2 (2022): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/astraea.2022.3.2.02.
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Historical events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries contributed to the fact that women were forced to expand the list of their traditional social roles, which could not but lead to the fact that the status of a woman began to change in literary works. The development of women's movements, and especially the feminist movement, contributed to the growth of widespread attention of researchers to the study of the role and image of women in Ukrainian literature. Focusing on the differentiation of the male and female in the literature, we get the opportunity to radically change the idea of the social status of a man and a woman, their relationship in the conditions of the hierarchy formed in a concrete-historical society. Analysis of the category "gender" allows you to differently evaluate sociocultural processes, formed stereotypes of the interpretation of the problem of power and dominance in social life, profession, career, household life of people depending on their gender. The gender aspect of literary criticism provides ample opportunities for interpreting the artistic text as a kind of gender picture of the world, where the male and female type, the nature of the worldview, is specifically revealed. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that feminism from the point of view of history and sociology has been studied very thoroughly, and from literary positions - in insufficient. The consideration of Panas Mirny's novel Poviya in the gender aspect contributes to the identification of national features of the existence, life and culture of the Ukrainian people.
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Silva, Elizabeth Maria Da. "As viagens de Nísia Floresta pelo solo brasileiro durante o século XIX." Revista de História e Historiografia da Educação 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rhhe.v1i2.51166.
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Objetivamos neste artigo analisar as viagens de Nísia Floresta, feminista, professora, escritora, jornalista do século XIX, onde suas obras eram pautadas na condição intelectual e social da mulher. Para tanto, nos apoiamos nas principais obras da autora, especificamente as que detalhavam suas vivências no Brasil, além de dialogarmos com Câmara (1941), Duarte (2010), Koster (1942) dentre outros e outras que auxiliaram na construção do tempo histórico e social em que Nísia Floresta viveu suas andanças em terras brasileiras. Nesse contexto, exploramos o contexto de cada lugar por onde a viajante passou. Desde o clima de revolta que eclodiu durante o século XIX e que desde menina a acompanhou, a sua infância cercada de livros, o casamento precoce, o contato com os estudantes da Faculdade Direito de Olinda até sua estada no Rio de Janeiro, onde fundou o Collegio Augusto. De fato, as viagens de Floresta, nos revelaram uma mulher forte, ousada, adiante de seu tempo. Uma viajante de olhar reflexivo, trajetórias e vivências singulares por onde passou. Denunciando além das condições de submissão por que passavam as mulheres de sua época à realidade de ensino oferecido.The travels of Nísia Floresta in Brazil of the 19th century. We aim to analyze in this article the travels of Nísia Floresta, feminist, teacher, writer, journalist of the 19th century, where her works were based on the intellectual and social condition of women. To that end, we supported the author's main works, specifically those that detailed her experiences in Brazil, in addition to dialoguing with Câmara (1941), Duarte (2010), Koster (1942) among others and others who assisted in the construction of historical and Social in which Nísia Floresta lived his wanderings in Brazilian lands. In this context, we seek to explore the context of each place where the traveler passed. From the climate of revolt that erupted during the nineteenth century and which since childhood has accompanied her, her childhood surrounded by books, early marriage, contact with the students of the Right Faculty of Olinda until her stay in Rio de Janeiro, where she founded the Collegio Augusto. In fact, the travels of the Forest revealed to us a strong, daring woman ahead of her time. A traveler with a reflective look, unique trajectories and experiences wherever he went. Denouncing beyond the conditions of submission by which the women of their time passed the reality of teaching offered. Keywords: Nísia Floresta; Travels; Education; History.
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Cojocaru, Mara-Daria. "Wir sind noch nie richtig Tier gewesen." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 67, no. 4 (November 5, 2019): 634–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2019-0048.
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Abstract Mary Midgley belongs to a small group of most inspiring women philosophers of the 20th and early 21st century. Her impressive oeuvre, characterised by an exceptionally clear and witty style, combines contributions to such different fields of philosophical inquiry as moral philosophy, philosophical anthropology, philosophy of science in general and of biology in particular, as well as philosophy of religion. With her early article “The Concept of Beastliness”, we have something like a germ cell of her philosophy, introducing a range of concerns that will remain central to her work. The commentary focuses on five of them, traces how they show up in later works of Midgley’s, and suggests how they could inform philosophizing about humans and (other) animals today. These are, first, Midgley’s adherence to the concept of ‘human nature’. Second, her insistence that a comparative, ethologically informed perspective on humans and (other) animals helps to refute myths about both the (generically understood) animal and the human animal. Third, her alerting us to the fact that concepts of ‘human nature’ always influence our moral self-understanding. Fourth, her focus on the positive, open instincts in humans like caring, friendship, loyalty, or sociality that exist not only alongside but in a complex interplay with negative, open instincts such as aggression, and the idea that both classes of instincts can be shaped to some extent. And, finally, her focus on the conditions of social life that are important for people to be able to structure their lives in meaningful ways.
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Rogozhina, Angelina S. "‘There Is No Alms to Live by, Everyone as Poor as the Next.’ The Activities of the Tsesarevich's Special Committee in the Context of the ‘All-Russian Ruin’ of 1891-1892." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2018): 770–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-770-782.
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The famine of 1891-1892, known in the modern Russian historiography as the ‘all-Russian ruin’ of early 1890s, on the one hand, revealed the shortcomings of the state food policy, the carelessness of the gubernia authorities and local self-government bodies, the imperfection of principles underlying the food system, and on the other hand, caused an unprecedented rise of social forces, which translated into unprecedented activity of the Russian charity. At the head of all the charitable assistance was the Special Committee, chaired by the Heir Tsesarevich. Its purpose was to create conditions for unity of action of all charitable institutions. In the various gubernias most affected by the crops failure, the Committee consistently provided assistance: purchased food, funded seeding of the fields, fodder, handicrafts and public works, assistance to burned-out peasants, and medical assistance. In these spending activities, private parties from nobility took an active part; their active participation in the assistance to the famine victims provided a significant support to the government combating the consequences of the crop failure and the famine of 1891-1892. Free public canteens (stolovayas) were organized everywhere, home industry was organized for women and children. Public need rallied both nobility and peasants in a common struggle against the famine. But afterward, hopes for class unity were disappointed. This was largely due to the Russian peasant mentality with its belief in a free ‘tsar’s ration’ and landlords’ duty to feed them. Generally speaking, the Special Committee achieved its goal. The food campaign of 1891-1892 became a people's struggle with want and famine.
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Dzhandosova, Zarine A. "Семиреченский областной отдел по делам национальностей (1918–1920) на защите мусульманского населения края." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 138, no. 1 (2022): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2022-138-1-40-58.
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The article is based on documents stored in the State Archives of the Almaty Region (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan), Fund 489, Op. 1: «Documents of the Semirechye Regional Department for National Affairs» (1918–1919) «, highlights the activities of the Regional Department for National Affairs in the early years of Soviet power in Semirechye (Zhetysu). The department, establised in November 1918, was at that time the only body connecting the Muslim population with the Soviet regime and protecting it in the difficult conditions of the Civil War and social changes. This was the period of the so-called “Colonial revolution”, when the “proletarian” government lobbied for the interests of the Russian population (including the Cossacks and the wealthy peasantry), ignoring the interests of the impoverished (“proletarian”) Muslim population. The Soviet government treated the Muslims, who were mostly nomadic and semi-nomadic population, as the «dark masses». The article argues that the Regional Department for National Affairs acted as a defender of Muslims during ethnic conflicts caused by the anti-colonial uprising of 1916 and its aftermath. The department defended the Muslim, primarily Kazakh and Kyrgyz, population from the new government, which the Muslims perceived to be genuinely Russian. The main directions of the Regional Department’s work related to the protection of the indigenous population are considered: 1) general legal assistance; 2) assistance in the settlement of interethnic conflicts; 3) aid to the starving people; 4) assistance and protection during the mobilization of Muslims for agricultural and public works; 5) assistance to Kazakh women in trouble; 6) helping Muslim children; 7) the fight against the Russification of office work; 8) upholding the special position of the nomads and explaining the essence of the nomadic economy to the Russian leaders of the region.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women – social conditions – early works to 1800"
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Allen, Katherine June. "Manuscript recipe collections and elite domestic medicine in eighteenth century England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7c96c4db-2d18-4cff-bedc-f80558d57322.
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Collecting recipes was an established tradition that continued in elite English households throughout the eighteenth century. This thesis is on medical recipes and advice, and it addresses the evolution of recipe collecting from the seventeenth century and throughout the eighteenth century. It investigates elite domestic medicine within a cultural history of medicine framework and uses social and material history approaches to reveal why elites continued to collect medical recipes, given the commercialisation of medicine. This thesis contends that the meaning of domestic medicine must be understood within a wider context of elite healthcare in order to appreciate how the recipe collecting tradition evolved alongside cultural shifts, and shifts within the medical economy. My re-appraisal of the meaning of domestic medicine gives elite healthcare a clearer role within the narrative of the social history of medicine. Elite healthcare was about choice. Wealthy individuals had economic agency in consumerism, and recipe compilers interacted with new sources of information and products; recipe books are evidence of this consumer engagement. In addition to being household objects, recipe books had cultural significance as heirlooms, and as objects of literacy, authority, and creativity. A crucial reason for the continuation of the recipe collecting tradition was due to its continued engagement with cultural attitudes towards social obligation, knowledge exchange, taste, and sociability as an intellectual pursuit. Positioning the household as an important space of creativity, experiment, and innovation, this thesis reinforces domestic medicine as an important part of the interconnected histories of science and medicine. This thesis moreover contributes to the social history of eighteenth-century England by demonstrating the central role domestic medicine had in elite healthcare, and reveals the elite reception of the commercialisation of medicine from a consumer perspective through an investigation of personal records of intellectual pastimes and patient experiences.
Books on the topic "Women – social conditions – early works to 1800"
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Fonte, Moderata. Le mérite des femmes: Ecrit par Moderata Fonte en deux journées, où l'on montre clairement combien elles sont dignes et plus parfaites que les hommes. Paris: Rue d'Ulm, 2002.
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Christine. The treasure of the city of ladies. London: Penguin, 2003.
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Marinella, Lucrezia. Exhortations to women and to others if they please. Toronto: Iter Inc., Centre for Reformation and Renaisance Studies, 2012.
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Boccaccio, Giovanni. Famous women. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2001.
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Fonte, Moderata. The worth of women: Wherein is clearly revealed their nobility and their superiority to men. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
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Irmgard, Hierdeis, and Poulain de La Barre, François, 1647-1723., eds. "Die Gleichheit der Geschlechter" und "Die Erziehung der Frauen" bei Poullain de la Barre (1647-1723): Zur Modernität eines Vergessenen. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1993.
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Marie Le Jars de Gournay. Egalité des hommes et des femmes: Grief des dames ; suivis du, Proumenoir de Monsieur de Montaigne. Genève: Droz, 1993.
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Astell, Mary. Reflexionen und Vorschläge: Eine Stimme der englischen Restauration. Aachen: Ein-Fach-Verlag, 2000.
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Marie Le Jars de Gournay. Zur Gleichheit von Frauen und Männern. Aachen: ein-Fach-verlag, 1997.
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Marie Le Jars de Gournay. Egalite des hommes et des femmes ; Grief des dames ; suivis du,Proumenoir de Monsieur de Montaigne. Gene ve: Librairie Droz, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Women – social conditions – early works to 1800"
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Vidyasagar, Ishvarchandra, and Brian A. Hatcher. "Against High-Caste Polygamy: The English Translation." In Against High-Caste Polygamy, 45–112. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197675908.003.0002.
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Abstract This is the first-ever complete, annotated English translation of Ishvarchandra Vidyasagar’s 1871 tract calling for colonial government legislation to abolish the practice of high-caste polygamy, or Kulinism, among Hindu communities in Bengal. The original work is structured around Vidyasagar’s detailed replies to a series of seven objections that had been raised around the idea of prohibiting Kulin marriage practices within Brahmin and Kayastha caste communities. In the course of answering these objections, Vidyasagar draws upon tools and strategies he had deployed successfully when advocating government legislation to promote Hindu widow marriage. Readers will discover once again Vidyasagar’s unique ability to gather, translate, and comment on a range of classical and early modern works of Hindu legal literature. At the same time, however, Against High-Caste Polygamy also employs an additional set of discursive and rhetorical tools in order to press its case. Vidyasagar not only publishes new kinds of statistical data that he had gathered regarding the prevalence of plural marriages in Bengal, he also provides a kind of sociological depiction and analysis of the status and fate of women married into polygamous families. Using his impressive skills at narrative, he provides numerous moving anecdotes to bring home to his readers the harsh conditions faced by many young wives and widows of his day. All of this is supported by his ground-breaking attempt to recount the historical origins and subsequent degradation of Kulin customs, drawing in part on genealogical sources that were only just beginning to come in for critical scrutiny in the late-colonial moment. The work is rich with concrete data and imaginative social descriptions and concludes with a supplementary discussion of the opinions of two prominent Sanskrit scholars who sought to oppose Vidyasagar’s proposal.