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Mohamed, Ehab Elsayed. "The Knee injuries in women soccer players in South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/267.
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Thesis (MSc (Physiotherapy))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010.The knee Injuries in Women Soccer Players in South Africa The Knee is a common site for injuries in soccer players. The reasons for the increased rates of knee injuries in women soccer players are not clear, but some theories suggested the reason to lie in the difference in anatomy. This research investigate the prevalence of knee injuries in women soccer players in South Africa and sought to find out whether three of the anatomical factors (Q-angle, pelvic width and Intercondylar notch width) have a role in increasing knee injuries in these individuals. The study design was case –control study. Methodology: Twenty four players of South Africa women soccer team (Under 23) participated in this study. X-rays of the hip were taken and the Q-angles were thereafter measured manually. Association between anatomical factors and knee injuries were determined. The result of this study showed that 17% of the players were having non contact knee injuries. Statistical analysis showed no significant relation between knee injuries among women soccer players and each of the anatomical factors. The P-values of both t-test and ANOVA test were larger than the 0.05 level of significance. The study found that the prevalence of knee injuries among the young women playing for the South African national team U-23 was relatively high. However, this study could not identify significant relationship between the anatomical risk factors and the incidences of knee injuries among the participants.
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Anderson, Brett I. "Effects of interval training in female collegiate soccer athletes." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939120971&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Majorek, Robyn Tamara. "Self-talk and women's soccer performance /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19156.pdf.
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Macbeth, Jessica Louise. "Women's football in Scotland : an interpretive analysis." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1843.
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The growing body of literature on women's football has focused mainly on the development of the game and experiences of past and present players. Despite the emergence of research on women's football internationally there has not yet been exclusive attention to either of these areas in the Scottish context. Using an interpretive framework this thesis is organised around four main themes: the development of women's football in Scotland; socio-demographic characteristics of women footballers; the process of socialisation; and, the subculture of women's football. The synthesis of elements within the interpretive framework ensures that the research offers an interpretation that is both contextualised historically and informed by an understanding of the meaning of football in the context of players' private lives. In relation to the history of the game, the development of women's football in Scotland has indeed been shaped by the particular Scottish context. The research concludes that the socialisation of women into football in Scotland is an interactive and often a reciprocal process. The subculture of women's football in Scotland is characterised by three interlocking group cultures. The meaning of football in players' lives influences the nature of their individual membership to these group cultures and the importance they attach to elements of subcultural capital. The various meanings attached to football give rise to potential sources of tension between the dominant, emergent and residual elements of culture within the subculture. This original theoretically and empirically informed study of women's football in Scotland makes a contribution to the growing body of research on women's football and to our understanding of the social and historical significance of sport in Scottish society.
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Rosa-Stoffel, Deborah Kay. "A psychological study of male and female recreational soccer players." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/229.
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Lind, William. "Pain among female soccer players : A study on high-level athletes." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24263.
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Bakgrund: Fysisk smärta kan försämra både fysisk och psykisk förmåga samt leda till flertalet komplikationer. Smärta är ofta sammankopplat med skador. Skador är vanliga bland idrottare, och skaderisken ökar ju högre nivå man spelar på. Då skador är så pass vanliga bland idrottare på hög nivå så kan man anta att detsamma gäller med smärtkänningar. Eftersom smärta kan påverka en negativt på så många sätt så kan det vara intressant att undersöka smärta bland idrottare på hög nivå. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka upplevelsen av smärta samt relationen till smärta hos kvinnliga fotbollsspelare på hög nivå i Sverige. Metod: 68 från 4 olika lag i division 1 och 2 deltog i studien. De var mellan 14-30 år gamla och hade spelat på hög nivå mellan 1-13 år. En enkät användes för att samla datan och SPSS användes för att analysera den med deskriptiv statistik. Resultat: 50 % av spelarna skattade deras smärtutsträckning före, under och efter träning och match med 3 eller mer på en skala mellan 1-5, där 1 är "ingen utsträckning" och 5 är "hög utsträckning". Resultaten varierade angående vilken influens smärta haft på försktighet, förmåga, potential, känslor och koncentration. Spelarna kände dock att smärta haft störst påverkan på deras förmåga att spela och deras emotionella välmående. 42.65 % av spelarna fortsatte som vanligt när de upplevde smärta under träning och 44.12 % av dem fortsatte men tog det lugnare, medan 83.83 % fortsatte som vanligt när de upplevde smärta under match. Samtliga av deltagarna var av uppfattningen att det kan vara skadligt på olika sätt att spela trots att man känner smärta. Slutsats: De flesta av spelarna var negativt påverkade av smärta i någon grad. Även om de var övertygade om att det kan leda till problem om man spelar trots smärta så fortsatte de flesta att spela när de fick smärtkänningar under träning och match.Background: Physical pain affects mental performance as well as many physical factors and is often associated with injuries. Injuries are common among athletes and a higher level of play coheres with a higher prevalence of injuries. Since injuries are so common among high-level athletes, it is reasonable to assume that pain is also connected to the high level of play. Also, since experiencing pain has its side-effects, it is interesting to investigate physical pain among high-level athletes. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the presence and experience of pain among high-level female soccer players in Sweden, as well as their relationship to pain. Method: 68 players between 14-30 years old who had played at a high level for 1-13 years participated in the study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and SPSS was used to analyse it with descriptive statistics. Results: 50 % of the players rated their pain extent before, during and after practices and games with 3 or more on a scale from 1-5, where 1 is “no extent” and 5 is “high extent”. The results were scattered regarding the influence pain had on carefulness, ability, potential, emotions and concentration, but the players felt that pain had the biggest influence on their ability to play and their emotional wellbeing. 42.65% of the players continue as normal when experiencing pain during practice and 44.12% of them continue but take it easier, while 83.82% continue as normal when experiencing pain during game. All of them thought that playing and practicing with pain could lead to future complications in some way. Conclusion: Most of the players struggled with pain to varying degrees. Even though being convinced that playing with pain can lead to complications, they kept on playing when they experienced pain themselves.
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Pigozzo, Julie M. "The effect of game location on self-efficacy and assertive play in women's collegiate soccer." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1306856.
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Several studies conducted on home advantage in sport have focused on game location and performance outcome. The purpose of this study was to examine three components of home advantage, such as the effect that game location has on self-efficacy, a critical psychological state, and assertive play, a critical behavioral state. Participants (N = 21) from one mid-sized, midwest, Division I soccer program completed the Modified State Sport-Confidence Inventory (MSSCI) prior to six home conference games and six away conference games. In addition, all 12-conference games were observed and coded according to four assertive behaviors of soccer players. Data were analyzed using a permutation test and Spearman's Rho with a level of significance set at .05. Results indicated there was no significant difference in self-efficacy between home and away games and no significant difference in assertive play between home and away games. No significance relationship was found for self-efficacy and assertive play. Possible limitations along with recommendations for the future are discussed.School of Physical Education
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Welch, Taylor. "The Physiological Effects of Precooling Beverage Temperatures on Heat Strain in Collegiate Women Soccer Players." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5606.
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Precooling is a method used to decrease initial pre-exercise core temperature in order to facilitate a greater margin for heat production before a maximum core temperature is reached. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in physiological and perceptual effects of precooling using beverages of three different temperatures: room temperature beverage (24.88 ± 1.13°C), cold beverage (6.15 ± 3.16°C) and ice slushy (-1.61 ± 0.45°C) in a hot environment (27.88 ± 0.72°C and 35.36 ± 0.83°C for wet globe bulb temperature and dry bulb temperature respectively). For all trials the environmental temperature was set to 35°C with 56% rh.
For this study, 10 physically active females (age= 23.7 ± 2.26 years, height=1.74 ± 0.23 m, weight=66.27 ± 0.92 kg, BMI=24.14 ± 2.63 kg/m2, body fat= 22.99 ± 2.37% and VO2 max= 43.61 ± 4.78 ml/kg/min) participated in the study. On three separate occasions participants precooled via beverage consumption over a 30-minute period with a 5-minute rest period before beginning a 45-minute interval treadmill protocol. Following exercise, participants then re-cooled for 15 minutes. Each subject precooled and re-cooled with all three beverages at their respective temperature. Treatments were randomized.
There were no significant differences found for TGI during precooling, exercise or re-cooling Mean HR and mean TSK during precooling were significantly lower in the ice slushy trial as compared to the room temperature trial (HR = 75.7 ± 15.7 and 80.1 ± 16.4 bpm; respectively, p < 0.05 ; TSK = 34.47 ± 0.74 and 34.21 ± 0.92ºC; respectively, p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in thermal sensation during precooling among all three beverage temperatures (Thermal sensation = 4.7 ± 0.7, 4.5 ± 0.7 and 4.0 ± 0.7; for room, cold, and ice slushy respectively, p < 0.05). Mean thirst sensation for ice slushy was also significantly lower during precooling when compared to cold (p < 0.05) and room temperature beverages (p < 0.05). Mean thirst sensation was also significantly lower during exercise for ice slushy compared to cold (p < 0.05) and room temperature (p < 0.05) (precooling thirst sensation= 2.3 ± 1.0, 2.1 ± 1.1 and 1.6 ± 1.0; exercise 4.1 ± 2.0, 4.5 ± 1.7 and 3.2 ± 1.6 for room, cold and ice slushy respectively). During re-cooling mean thirst sensation was significantly lower for ice slush as compared to room temperature (p < 0.05).
Results from the current study suggest that precooling with an ice slushy as compared to a cold or room temperature beverage had little to no effect on TGI and a small effect on HR and TSK during precooling. Although, precooling with an ice slushy appeared to be effective at decreasing perceptual measurements.
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Thomas, Camille. "Development of a Notational Analysis System for Selected Soccer Skills of a Women's College Team." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1473.pdf.
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Marshall, Ian Richard. "Monitoring individual training load and stress during practices and match-play in female collegiate soccer players." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05222008-121317/.
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Souza, Júnior Osmar Moreira de 1969. "Futebol como projeto profissional de mulheres = interpretações da busca pela legitimidade = Football as a career project for women : legitimacy search interpretation." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275104.
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Orientador: Heloisa Helena Baldy dos ReisTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T00:51:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SouzaJunior_OsmarMoreirade_D.pdf: 11870474 bytes, checksum: bc10f141994873e9e388cc8623fa29ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A prática do futebol por mulheres historicamente é matizada por episódios de concessões, infiltrações, transgressões e conquistas. Embora as mulheres tenham estado presentes em todas as etapas da sociogênese do futebol, protagonizando inserções tanto como espectadoras quanto na condição de praticantes, o espaço e a visibilidade destinados ao futebol feminino evidenciam a inocuidade dessa prática como campo de atuação profissional. À luz desse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em analisar os projetos de jogadoras e de "clubes" para a efetivação do futebol como carreira profissional, bem como a normatização legal dos vínculos futebolísticos dessas atletas. Para esse fim, realizou-se um estudo de caso com três equipes que disputaram o Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino de 2011, por meio de um diário de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas com dirigentes e treinadores (as) e grupos focais com atletas. As equipes analisadas revelam disparidades estruturais permeadas pelas representações dos diferentes sujeitos, que sinalizam para distanciamentos e aproximações de uma atividade profissional. Os projetos das jogadoras pesquisadas evidenciam o reconhecimento do exercício profissional, porém circunscritos pelos impedimentos da falta de estrutura e da formalização dos vínculos empregatícios. Em contrapartida, pela análise da legislação podemos identificar que as jogadoras exercem atividade profissional de fato, explicitando a ilegalidade dos mecanismos de formalização dos vínculos firmados pelos seus clubes, quando estes não cumprem com as garantias às quais as atletas fariam jus por direito. Tendo em vista a legitimação da profissão de futebolista para as mulheres, indicamos a necessidade de a CBF, federações e clubes afiliados garantirem a sustentabilidade do futebol feminino, com a organização de competições e a manutenção de equipes de mulheres nos clubes que mantêm o futebol profissional atualmente
Abstract: Women's football practice is historically marked by concessions, infiltrations, and transgressions and conquers. Although women have been present in every stage of football's sociogenesis, taking part as spectators and also practicing it, the space and visibility given to women's football highlight the innocuousness towards the sport as a career plan. Bearing such scenario, this research aims to analyze the clubs and players projects towards football as a real career plan, as well as the legal regularization of the employment relationship of the athletes. For this purpose, it was done a case study with three teams disputing the women's football Paulista Championship in 2011, by means of field diary, semi-structured interviews with directors and coaches, and focus groups with athletes. The analyzed teams showed structural disparities permeated by different issues that lead to a detachment and closeness of a professional career. The players' project shows the recognition of the sport as a professional career, nevertheless surrounded by barriers, and lack of structure and employment legitimacy. On the other hand, by analyzing the legislation, it is possible to identify that the players act in fact professionals, highlighting the illegality of the clubs employment relationship, once they do not meet the standards and rights granted by the legislation to the players. Considering the legitimacy of women's football as a career, we point to the need of CBF, federations and affiliated clubs, to grant sustainability for women's football by organizing championships and helping towards women's teams in clubs that currently maintain professional teams
Doutorado
Educação Fisica e Sociedade
Doutor em Educação Física
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Cormack, Stuart J., and n/a. "The changes in strength, power and associated functional physiological measures in elite women soccer players during a 12 month preparation for a major event." University of Canberra. Health and Biomedical Science, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050411.134745.
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The assessment of strength and power and the relationship of these measures to
functional variables such as speed and vertical jump ability are understood poorly.
This is particularly the case when dealing with a long-term preparation for a major
event in a sport such as women's soccer.
The results of this research suggest that a number of isoinertial speed strength
measures may be sensitive to aspects of a training program and therefore be useful
tools for determining the level of development of various underlying neuromuscular
capacities.
Further results provide a question mark about the role of maximum strength in the
development of high velocity functional movements, as increases in maximum
strength did not correlate to changes in measures of functional performance.
An important finding from this research is the potential role of specific isoinertial
speed strength parameters in the detection of neuromuscular fatigue. Time course
analysis of the results in this study suggests that the use of these measures to detect
fatigue warrants further investigation.
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Lee, Hanny. "Kicking All Odds." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500075/.
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The Middle East conflicts between Palestine and Israel are long-term, ongoing and wide-ranging. Kicking All Odds is an observational documentary that explores women football players from Palestine – both Christian and Muslim girls – who play together and forge a team despite all the hardships they face.
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Pereira, Mateus Camargo. "Futebol praticado por mulheres no Brasil : experiências de ensino a distância e presencial baseadas na teoria da aprendizagem histórica de Jörn Rüsen /." Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191422.
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Orientador: Fernanda Moreto ImpolcettoResumo: O ensino do conhecimento das “Histórias das modalidades esportivas” tem ocupado os currículos brasileiros da Educação Física estaduais e nacional desde a década de 1990 do século XX. Entretanto, a generalidade das indicações curriculares e a falta de referências teórico-metodológicas contribuem para que existam poucas referências bibliográficas e experiências no contexto escolar. Diante do exposto, este trabalho, organizado sob a forma de artigos, analisou propostas para o ensino das “Histórias do futebol praticado pelas mulheres no Brasil”, na modalidade à distância e presencial. As propostas se referenciaram na teoria da aprendizagem histórica do alemão Jörn Rüsen, dialogando como conceitos como Consciência Histórica e as competências que a compõe: experiência, interpretação da experiência no tempo, orientação para a vida prática. O ensino a distância foi um Curso Online Aberto Massivo (MOOC) ofertado gratuitamente pelo IFSULDEMINAS, através da plataforma TIM Tec, para professores, professoras e estudantes de nível superior. Foram produzidos dados para análise por meio de questionários abertos e pela confecção, pelos cursistas concluintes, de Narrativas Históricas sobre uma questão problema hipotética na qual os redatores orientaram a jovem Cristina sobre sua vontade de ser jogadora de futebol. As respostas exploraram os conteúdos históricos trabalhados no MOOC. O curso presencial foi ofertado somente para estudantes de Educação Física do IFSULDEMINAS. Foram produzidos diár... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
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Hsu, Ching-Hsin, and 許瀞心. "A STUDY ON CAREER PLANNING OF WOMEN SOCCER PLAYERS IN TAIWAN." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75625090046968609484.
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碩士國立臺灣體育學院
體育研究所
93
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of national women soccer players in occupation, how career planning influences their future and whether or not they succeeded. 32 subjects were national soccer players who participated in this study. The research methods included interviews and open-mind questionnaires. The main explorations of this research are: 1.The national women soccer players who terminated their sports career due to injure and economic problems. 2.In career planning, it was very important to set a clear path due to the fact that national women soccer players have to balance many tasks and roles at the same time. Suggestions were to incorporate your habits, professional skills and interests while doing the planning. Only 50% of the players made plans while on the national team. 3.Most of the national women soccer players work in sports related industry, such as teachers, coaches…etc, very few of them work in the office. No matter the career path chosen, overall situation was well. 4.Most of the national women soccer players did not have problems in developing a career after retirement. On the other hand, there were problems which include lack of work experience, professional knowledge and skills in that field. 5.The national women soccer players anticipate the educational department to work with teacher training institutes. In order to train professional knowledge and develop skills. Language learning is very important. In addition, they can set up websites and put on some information about career planning, which could make career planning easier for players. From doing literature reviews and surveys, this study made several suggestions. For the ending, it will provide some advice to athletes who are still playing soccer at the present moment and administration departments in the sporting world.
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DiStefano, Michael John. "Comparison of trunk, hip and knee kinematics during a side-step cutting maneuver between male and female Division I collegiate soccer players." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-119). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Payne, Ellen K. "Competitive anxiety and coping of female collegiate soccer goalkeepers." 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (M.A.)--San Jose State University, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-67). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Sentsomedi, Keamogetse Refilwe. "The epidemiology of injuries of female high school soccer players in the eThekwini district." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1328.
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Submitted to the Faculty of Health Science in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology : Chiropractic, Department of Chiropractic,Durban University Of Technology, Durban. South Africa, 2015.Introduction: Participation of young females in soccer has started to increase in the past few years. Females participating in soccer are more vulnerable to injuries than males due to the nature of the sport especially because the sport is characterised as a vigorous, high intensity, intermittent ball and contact activity. Objective: This study sought to determine the epidemiology of injuries in high school female soccer players in the eThekwini district. Method: A quantitative approach using a cross sectional survey was used to determine the epidemiology of injuries in female high school soccer players in the eThekwini district. One-hundred-and-ninety-seven female high school soccer players, between the ages of 14 to 19 years who have played soccer for at least one season, from 27 female high schools in the eThekwini district were invited to participate. A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine the demographic profile of the players and the reported prevalence of injuries in the soccer players. The study also determined the profile of soccer related injuries, management of injuries, identified risk factors for injury, and compared injuries occurring during training and during matches. Results: Out of a total of 85 respondents only 31 sustained injuries. The injury prevalence for the season was 36.5%. Only 61 injuries (71.8%) were reported by the injured players. The rate of injury was 90 per 1000 athlete exposure hours during the season. Only two female players reported the five injuries while all 29 female players sustained at least one injury. The defenders (31.7%) and midfielders (28.6%) sustained the most injuries. Most injuries reported were contact in nature (12.9%). More injuries occurred during training (12.9%) rather than during matches (8.2%). The lower extremity (77.8%) was injured more than the upper extremity (22.2%). The knee (22.2%) and ankle (15.9%) were the most frequently injured body parts. Muscle injury (23.5%) was the most commonly reported followed by bruising (10.6%). Conclusion: Prevalence of injuries was high in the cohort studied. The lower limb, specifically the knee and ankle were most commonly injured. Muscle injury and bruising were the most common injury affecting the lower extremity. It is recommended that the study be extended to a larger cohort of school children.
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Hsieh, I.-Ling, and 謝宜玲. "Research of the pressure sources during competitions and strategies in response to competitions of Elite Women Soccer Players in Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07443656946544260233.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動競技學系
103
The purpose of this study was to investigate the pressure sources during competition and the methods, strategies, effects in response to competition stress among elite female soccer players. Through depth interviews, the players’ usual training experience and competition experience were recorded and discussed. A total of 15 elite soccer players participating in the international competitions from 2010 to 2015 were recruited in this study. Data were analyzed and there were three findings. First, the main pressure sources of elite female soccer players during usual training were the expectations from the coaches, the inability to break their and partners’ own records. Second, the pressure sources before competition were that the expectations from the audience and the society, the expectations from the coaches and their parents, and the strength of their competitors. Third, the pressure sources during competition were their worst condition, the expectation from the coaches and their parents, and the scores behind their opposite. The main strategies to reduce pressure were self-talk, positive thinking, focusing on the court and imagery. Some of the players were not satisfied with the coach in the role of mental skills training. In hence, systematic, methodical mental skills training courses are the indispensable key to a successful soccer training program.
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Vandermey, Aliantha. "“It’s so much better playing with all girls”: examining gender politics within a women-only association football club in Melbourne." Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/37816/.
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Women’s soccer in Australia has historically been met with hostility. The Australian national women’s team is more accomplished than their male counterparts in terms of performance outcomes, yet they continue to experience considerably lower financial support and inferior media focus. At the same time more girls are playing soccer compared to netball, traditionally the most popular sport for girls. Women-only soccer clubs and teams have in part facilitated the growth of women’s soccer as they encourage girls and women to participate (and stay) in soccer because (as many feminist scholars have stated) women-only spaces allow the embedded power inequalities that exist within hegemonic masculine spaces to be overcome. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of 'female empowerment' by exploring the politics and structure of a women-only soccer club, and the lived experiences of its members. Stemming from my extensive involvement in and experience playing soccer I employed an ethnographic methodology to carry out the research. I spent two seasons 'in the field' as a player and committee member at a women-only soccer club in Melbourne conducting observations and life-history interviews. The findings reveal how the soccer players negotiate gender and the different ways in which they are, or feel, empowered through belonging to the club. The thesis contributes to the broader sociological literature on female sport and highlights the politics and paradoxes of sex-segregated sport.
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Bourdette, Francois Mbongo Rafemo. "The efficacy of Linctagon® spray for the prevention of colds and Influenza in female soccer team players of the University of Johannesburg." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8320.
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M.Tech. (Homoeopathy)The common cold and influenza (flu) are upper respiratory tract conditions; the former characterized by nasal or throat discomfort, sneezing, rhinorrhoea, and malaise, and the latter by fever, coryza, anorexia, cough, headache, malaise and myalgia (Beers et al., 2006). The common cold can be caused by over 200 rhinoviruses while influenza is mostly due to influenza virus A or B. Cold symptoms usually clear after 7-10 days, influenza which is more severe lasts for 2-3 weeks (Eccles, 2005). Athletes are susceptible to common colds and influenza infections due to intensive physical activities and stress, which lowers their immune systems and increases the risk of spread among team-mates. To avoid missing competitions and practice, it would be advantageous for athletes to receive prophylactic treatment during the high risk period for colds and flu such as in winter (Brukner and Khan, 2006). Pelargonium sidoides, which is an ingredient of Linctagon® spray, is a well-researched plant extract which has antiviral, antibacterial and immune-modulator effects (Nativa, 2011). Its effect as a prophylactic for athletes has not been researched. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Linctagon® spray in preventing common colds and influenza in female soccer teams of the University of Johannesburg. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, which took place over 63 days. Thirty female participants aged between 18-30 years were recruited from the University of Johannesburg female soccer teams via direct recruitment during training sessions on the University of Johannesburg Bunting campus. Participants meeting the inclusion criteria completed the Participant Information, Profile and Consent Forms. On day 1, the participants underwent a physical examination (vitals, ear, nose, throat and chest examinations). Participants either received a 20 ml bottle of Linctagon® spray or a placebo spray. Five squirts were taken orally twice daily for nine weeks. Participants also received three Wellness Questionnaires and Health Questionnaires to complete at home weekly and returned these at the following visits. On day 21 and day 42, the researcher collected the completed Questionnaires, performed a physical examination, dispensed and gave participants additional medication, and three additional Wellness and Health Questionnaires. At the final consultation, day 63, the researcher collected the questionnaires, and did a fourth and final physical examination. The data was collected from the participants and analyzed according to group frequencies and independent T-tests. The outcome indicated that the placebo was equally as effective as Linctagon® spray in the prophylaxis of common cold and influenza infections in female soccer team players of the University of Johannesburg for the duration of the study.
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Koenig, Jean-Pierre. "The relationship between postural stability sway, balance, and injury in adolescent female soccer players in the eThekwini district of KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1108.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master of Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2014.Background: Poor balance is a risk factor for injury in adolescent sport including soccer. Despite the rapid growth in female adolescent soccer especially in South Africa, the association between balance and injury in this population has not been fully explored. This study aimed to determine the relationship between injury and balance. Static and dynamic balance was monitored as sway index (SI) and limits of stability direction control (LOSDC). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the body mass index of adolescent female soccer players; to determine the prevalence of injury in adolescent female soccer players; to determine static balance as revealed by the sway index (SI); to determine dynamic stability as revealed by limits of stability direction control (LOSDC) and to correlate body mass index (BMI) to sway index and limits of stability. Method: Eighty adolescent female soccer players, between the ages of fourteen and eighteen, were recruited through convenience sampling from schools in the eThekwini district of KwaZulu-Natal. After obtaining informed consent and assent, participants completed questionnaires and were scheduled for the balance and BMI assessments. The objective data for each participant consisted of height, weight, Sway Index (SI) and Limits of Stability Direction Control (LOSDC) readings, measured using a stadiometer, electronic scale and Biodex Biosway Balance System (Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, New York) respectively. The subjective and objective data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, Ill, USA). Statistical tests included descriptive statistics using frequency and cross-tabulation. Inferential statistics using t-tests and Pearson’s correlations at a significance level of 0.05 was also incorporated. The testing of hypotheses was performed using Fisher’s Exact tests for nominal data and ordinal data. A p value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The statistical analysis also included Odds Ratio calculations. Results: The mean body mass index of the injured participants was 23.54±3.56 kg/m2 and the mean body mass index of the uninjured participants was 23.00±4.63. Only 27.5% of the participants sustained an injury. Injured participants performed poorly on average in the SI assessment involving their eyes open when standing on a soft surface. The results were similar for the LOSDC in the overall, right, left, backward-right and backward-left directions. However, there were no significant correlations calculated. Significant relationships existed between BMI and the SI assessments in the injured participants which involved standing on a firm surface with their eyes open (p = 0.05), their eyes closed when also standing on a firm surface (p = 0.05), their eyes open when standing on a soft surface (p = 0.02), and their eyes closed when standing on a soft surface (p = 0.04). A significant relationship also existed between BMI and LOS right direction control (p = 0.02). Conclusion: This research paper revealed that the body mass index as investigated in this study is similar to other studies involving female adolescents; soccer injury as investigated in this study is similar to other studies involving female adolescents; poor static and dynamic balance is not associated with injury in adolescent female soccer players and lastly, body mass index is linked to the balance of an individual.