To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Women Sex relations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Women Sex relations'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Women Sex relations.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Arnot, Madeleine M. "Feminist issues in education : developing a theory of class and gender relations." n.p, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
Full text
2
Bryant, Joanne. "Sex, subjectivity and agency a life history study of women's sexual relations and practices with men /." University of Sydney. Behavioural and Community Health Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/575.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores women’s experiences of sex with men. It is based on qualitative data collected from eighteen life history interviews. Such an approach provides means for examining women’s sexual experiences over time. The study finds that women give meaning to their sexual experiences through two main discursive representations: the passive, “proper” and sexually obliging girlfriend or wife, and the active and “sexually equal” woman. However, these representations do not capture the entirety of women’s sexual experiences. The life history analysis demonstrates that women are not simply inscribed by discourse. Rather, they are embodied beings actively engaged in pursuing sexual identities. Central to the process is a relationship between the practice of sex and self-reflexivity over time. Finally, the study demonstrates how the process of gaining sexual subjectivity is shaped by the material conditions of women’s lives. For instance, the praxeological circumstances of women’s class or race are powerful in recasting discourses of feminine sexuality, the meanings women ascribe to them, their access to broader sexual experiences, and the kinds of relationships they have with their male partners.
3
Brien, Donna Lee. "The case of Mary Dean : sex, poisoning and gender relations in Australia." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16340/.
Full textAbstract:
The genre of biography is, by nature, imprecise and limited. Real lives are lived synchronously and diversely; they do not divide spontaneously into chapters, subjects or themes. All biographers construct stories, in the process forcing the disordered complexity of an actual life into a neat literary form. This doctoral submission comprises a book length creative work, Poisoned: The Trials of Mary Dean, and a reflective written component on that creative work, Writing Fictionalised Biography. Poisoned is a biography of Mary Dean, who, although repeatedly poisoned by her husband at the end of the nineteenth century, did not die. This biography, presented in the form of a first-person memoir, is based closely on historical evidence and is supported with discursive notes and a select bibliography. The reflective written component, Writing Fictionalised Biography, outlines the process and challenges of writing a biography when the source material available is inadequate and unreliable. In writing Poisoned my genre solution has been fictionalised biography - biography which is historically diligent while utilising fictional writing strategies and incorporating fictional passages. This written component reflectively discusses how I arrived at that solution. It includes discussion of the sources I utilised in writing Poisoned, including the limitations of trial transcripts and other court records as biographical evidence; useful precursors to the form; the process wherein I located both a form for my fictionalised biography and a voice for my biographical subject; possible models I considered; how I distinguished established fact from speculative supposition in the text; as well as some of the ambivalences and ethical concerns such a narrative process implies.
4
Lewis, Shannon FitzPatrick. "Gender representation trends and relations at the United States Naval Academy." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1721.
Full textAbstract:
This study employed quantitative and qualitative methods to examine gender trends and the quality of gender interactions at the United States Naval Academy (USNA). In addition to gender, midshipmen demographics, experiences, personality types, interests, and graduation outcomes were compared within and across gender for graduation years, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2004. Representation of women has increased to the current high of around 16%. Further, the data revealed similarities and differences between men and women in terms of their non-gender characteristics. Women's SAT scores and Cumulative Quality Point Ratios (QPRs) are on par with the men's. Proportionally, women are more likely to be extroverts and varsity athletes than are men. Women are less likely to be technical majors. Women are being afforded leadership experiences to the same extent as men. Perceptions regarding gender relations and cohesion were assessed through focus groups conducted with 110 midshipmen. Although gender representation has increased, and the Administration is credited with improving the explicit climate, there does not yet exist a completely gender-neutral or women "friendly" climate. The preponderance of findings regarding gender interactions at the Naval Academy suggests that male midshipmen have yet to fully accept female midshipmen. The Naval Academy must continue to confront the subsurface issues and dynamics persisting amongst male and female midshipmen. Recommendations include making an institutional commitment to improving gender interactions and company cohesion, securing alumni cooperation, and involving midshipmen in improving the gender climate.
5
Wetstein-Kroft, Susan Beth. "Same-sex social support and the enhancement of well-being." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27673.
Full textAbstract:
The investigator tested propositions derived from theories of male (Lipman-Blumen, 1976) and female (Bernard, 1976) same-sex bonding against propositions derived from theories of male (Bell, 1981; Safilios-Rothschild, 1981) and female (Bell, 1981; Lipman-Blumen, 1976) cross-sex bonding and, against propositions derived from a general theory of social relationships (Weiss, 1974). The purpose of the study was to determine the relevance of the variables, "sex of respondent" and "relationship gender composition" to the attainment of social support and to the relationship between social support and global well-being.
The study was divided into three parts. In part one the investigator tested opposing propositions related to differences between the sexes in the overall level of social support provided by same-sex and cross-sex bonds. Lipman-Blumen (1976) has proposed that, in the overall attainment of social support, men's same-sex bonds are stronger than women's same-sex bonds; that men's same-sex bonds are stronger than men's cross-sex bonds; and that women's cross-sex bonds are stronger than women's same-sex bonds. Conversely, Safilios-Rothschild (1981) has suggested that men's same-sex bonds are weaker than women's same-sex bonds; that men's same-sex bonds are weaker than men's cross-sex bonds; and that women's cross-sex bonds are weaker than women's same-sex bonds.
In part two, the investigator tested opposing propositions related to differences in the individual dimensions or provisions of social support provided by men's and women's same-sex and cross-sex bonds. Theorists emphasizing same-sex bonds have suggested that women's (Bernard, 1976) or men's (Lipman-Blumen, 1976) same-sex bonds provide higher levels of certain dimensions of social support than do women's or men's cross-sex bonds. Conversely, cross-sex bonding theorists have suggested that women's (Bell, 1981, Lipman-Blumen, 1976) or men's (Bell, 1981, Safilios-Rothschild, 1981) cross-sex bonds provide higher levels of certain dimensions of social support than do women's or men's same-sex bonds. In contrast to both the same-sex and cross-sex bonding theorists, Weiss (1974) has implied that women's and men's same-sex and cross-sex bonds provide equivalent levels of specific dimensions of social support.
In part three, the investigator tested opposing propositions related to differences between the sexes in the relationship between the overall attainment of social support to their sense of global well-being. Bernard (1976) and Miller (1976) have proposed that this relationship is stronger for women than it is for men. Conversely, Weiss (1974) has implied that the relationship between social support and well-being is the same for men and women. The investigator also tested opposing propositions related to within sex differences in the relationship between the overall attainment of social support and global wellrbeing. Bernard (1976) and Miller (1976) have proposed that women's same-sex bonds are more strongly related to their sense of well-being than are women's cross-sex bonds. Conversely, Lipman-Blumen (1976) has suggested that women's cross-sex bonds are more strongly related to their sense of well-being than are women's same-sex bonds. Lipman-Blumen (1976) has also proposed that men's same-sex bonds are more strongly related to their sense of well-being than are men's cross-sex bonds. Conversely, Safilios-Rothschild (1981) has suggested that men's cross-sex bonds are more strongly related to their sense of well-being than are men's same-sex bonds. In contrast to the same-sex and cross-sex bonding theorists, Weiss (1974) has implied that men's and women's same-sex and cross-sex bonds are equally associated with their sense of well-being.
The investigator tested these propositions by having 101 married women and 101 married men, who attended the University of British Columbia summer school session, fill out a series of questionnaires on social support and well-being. All subjects were between the ages of 25 and 45. None of the subjects were married to one another.
Respondents completed the Social Provisions Scale (Russell & Cutrona, 198*) designed to assess Weiss's (1974) six dimensions or provisions of social support. These provisions are: attachment, social integration, reassurance of worth, reliable alliance, help and guidance, and, the opportunity for nurturance. The respondents completed the Social Provisions Scale twice, once for their same-sex relationships and once for their cross-sex (non-marital) relationships. Respondents also completed six measures of well-being: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1969); the Spheres of Control Scale—personal efficacy and interpersonal control dimensions (Paulhus 6c Christie, 1981); the Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, 1984); the UCLA Loneliness Scale—Revised-Abbreviated Version (Russell, 1980); and, the Hakstian-McClean Depression Scale (Hakstian & McClean, 1979). The six measures of well-being were statistically combined, forming a molar variable identified as "global well-being". Concerning the attainment of social support, the results of this study indicate that, overall, women's same-sex bonds provide higher levels of social support than do men's same-sex bonds. Women's same-sex bonds also provide higher levels of social support than do women's cross-sex bonds. Men's same-sex and cross-sex bonds appear to provide equivalent levels of social support, overall. These results indicate partial support for propositions arising from Safilios-Rothschild's (1981) theory and fail to support propositions arising from Lipman-Blumen's (1976) theory.
In addition, the women's same-sex bonds provide higher levels of several provisions of social support than do women's cross-sex bonds, which supports Bernard's (1976) theory. Men's same-sex bonds provide higher levels of two dimensions of social support than do men's cross-sex bonds, which indicates only partial support for propositions arising from Lipman-Blumen's (1976) and Weiss's (1974) theories.
Concerning the relationship between social support and global well-being, the results of this study indicate that social support appears to be equally related to men's and women's sense of global well-being, supporting propositions implied by Weiss's (1974) theory. Moreover, both same-sex and cross-sex bonds appear to be strongly, but equally associated with men's and women's sense of well-being which again supports propositions implied by Weiss's (1974) theory.
In conclusion, the variables of "sex of respondent" and "relationship gender composition" appear to be more relevant in the attainment of social support than in the relationship between social support and well-being. The impact of these results on Weiss's (1974) theory of social relationships, on Bernard's (1976) and Lipman-Blumen's (1976) theories of same-sex bonding, on theories of social support, and on theories of adult development are discussed. The practical implications of these results for counsellors and for future research investigations are outlined.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
6
Vong, Sonia. "The impact of a growing number of female public relations agency owners on public relations industry in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1874175.
Full text
7
Lewis, Joshua Reid Lewis Shannon FitzPatrick. "Gender representation trends and relations at the United States Naval Academy /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FLewis%5FJ.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Leadership and Human Resources Development)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Janice H. Laurence, Gail F. Thomas. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-96). Also available online.
8
Lewis, Joshua R. Lewis Shannon FitzPatrick. "Gender representation trends and relations at the United States Naval Academy." access online version, LEAD access online version, DTIC (Note: may not work with Internet Explorer), 2005. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA435528.
Full text
9
Muhanna, Aitemad. "Gender relations and women's agency during the second intifada in Gaza." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678677.
Full text
10
Brien, Donna L. "The case of Mary Dean: Sex, poisoning and gender relations in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/117977/1/T%20%28CI%29%2094%20-%20THE%20CASE%20OF%20MARY%20DEAN.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The genre of biography is, by nature, imprecise and limited. Real lives are lived synchronously and diversely; they do not divide spontaneously into chapters, subjects or themes. All biographers construct stories, in the process forcing the disordered complexity of an actual life into a neat literary form. This doctoral submission comprises a book length creative work, Poisoned: The Trials of Mary Dean, and a reflective written component on that creative work, Writing Fictionalised Biography.
Poisoned is a biography of Mary Dean, who, although repeatedly poisoned by her husband at the end of the nineteenth century, did not die. This biography, presented in the form of a first-person memoir, is based closely on historical evidence and is supported with discursive notes and a select bibliography.
The reflective written component, Writing Fictionalised Biography, outlines the process and challenges of writing a biography when the source material available is inadequate and unreliable. In writing Poisoned my genre solution has been fictionalised biography biography which is historically diligent while utilising fictional writing strategies and incorporating fictional passages. This written component reflectively discusses how I arrived at that solution. It includes discussion of the sources I utilised in writing Poisoned, including the limitations of trial transcripts and other court records as biographical evidence; useful precursors to the form; the process wherein I located both a form for my fictionalised biography and a voice for my biographical subject; possible models I considered; how I distinguished established fact from speculative supposition in the text; as well as some of the ambivalences and ethical concerns such a narrative process implies.
11
Savery, Lynn. "International norms of sexual non-discrimination and changing state practices : a comparative study of Germany, Spain, Japan, and India." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5776.
Full text
12
Wehbi, Samantha. "Rape perceptions and the impact of social relations : insights from women in Beirut." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36856.
Full textAbstract:
Conducted within a feminist framework and guided by the principles of grounded theory methodology, this dissertation reports on the findings of a study of women's rape perceptions, undertaken in Beirut, Lebanon. The study relied on 38 interviews, participant observation, and a review of newspaper articles (1996--1999) and organizational documents.In this dissertation, I argue that perceptions of rape reflect, reinforce, and are supported by dominant social relations based on elements of social location such as gender, religion, socioeconomic status, disability, ethnicity and race. More specifically, I maintain that the relationship between perceptions of rape on one hand, and social relations on the other, is mediated by the centrality of marriage. This mediation is reflected in two processes. First, social relations lead to differential constructions of womanhood and perceived marriageability, which in turn play a large role in shaping perceptions of what counts as rape. Concretely, this impacts on which women are perceived to be consenting to sex and those perceived to be rape victims.
Second, social relations construct a marriage that adheres to specific conditions as the only acceptable union between a man and a woman in Beiruti society. In consequence, these constructions of acceptability shape what counts as "real" rape versus consensual sex. Concretely, this means that relationships that fall outside this construction of acceptability are more readily labeled as rape.
In the first four chapters of the dissertation, I provide background information about the study's theoretical framework, location within the broader empirical scholarship on rape perceptions, and methodology. I also provide detailed information about the Beiruti/Lebanese context. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 are empirical chapters relating some of the findings of the study as they relate to the centrality of marriage and perceptions of rape and consent. Chapter 8 concludes the dissertation with a discussion of the themes of women's agency, the line between sex and rape, and the impact of social relations. Through this discussion, I offer concrete insights for the further development of theory, research and practice with the issue of rape.
13
White, Robyn L. "Invisible Women: Examining the Political, Economic, Cultural, and Social Factors that lead to Human Trafficking and Sex Slavery of Young Girls and Women." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1708.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis employs the most recent and best available data on human trafficking, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s Trafficking in Persons Global Report 2006, as well as nine independent variables to determine what their effects are on countries’ volumes of human trafficking outflows. By completing a cross-sectional analysis via an OLS regression, I found statistically significant support for three factors that I hypothesize lead to greater outflows of human trafficking. My findings suggest that countries that are less corrupt, have more seats in parliament held by women, and score higher on Cho, Dreher, and Neumayer’s Anti-Trafficking Policy Index are less likely to experience high outflows of human trafficking. Additionally, while they narrowly avoid statistical significance, this study also suggests that states that have a legal stance on prostitution and have fewer women employed in the non-agricultural sector experience less human trafficking outflows.
14
Candita, Linda A. "Hooked on humour : achieving rapport in humorous interactions between men and women who are friends." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38155.
Full textAbstract:
Based on analyses of recorded real-life social interactions among English men and women friends living in England, this study shows how crucial it is to use a range of communication behaviours to express humour and maintain rapport. Men and women are keen to learn how to improve and preserve their social relationships (Mulac, Bradac and Gibbons, 2001). However, the immense literature on human communication ignores the multifaceted and positive force of humour in the social interactions of friends (Lynch, 2002). In addition, there is an absence of firm theoretical principles on which to develop counselling sessions and teach individuals to develop humour skills. Therefore, this study examines how participants incorporate humour in their ongoing conversation to achieve rapport in face-to-face social interaction in mixed-gender groups. This investigation is situated within the fields of human communication and humour and gender research. The necessarily communicative approach involved qualitative data collection and description, namely conversation analysis (CA) and ethnography, complemented by quantitative analysis. Communication context, that is, interactants’ attitudes and personality, their history, background knowledge, and how they relate to each other, are shown to play an important role in preserving friendships and maintaining rapport. Light is thrown on specific behaviours that could help men and women nurture their friendships and it is explained why there is a need for individuals to view humour as a positive force in their communication with one another. It is argued that misunderstandings may arise if men and women do not understand the way each gender uses humour. Thus, men and women could empower themselves by objectively examining how they interact, challenge the perceptions each may have about their own communication, and gain a more thorough understanding of verbal and non-verbal strategies for facilitating humour. By harmonising their verbal and non-verbal behaviours, men and women can use humour not only to express affiliation and commonality but also as a strategy for testing the boundaries of gender in a non-threatening way, to minimise differences, and to discover more about the opposite gender. In time and with further academic inquiry, humour could be acknowledged as a critical communication tool for establishing and sustaining relationships. The hope is that this study could be a catalyst for future research on promoting humour as a key element of daily social interaction.
15
Deshpande, Chitra. "Empowerment through Hindu nationalism? : examining gender relations in the Shiv Sena." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ab20698f-d74f-441e-be60-dbfd625b0114.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation explores whether women and men can be empowered through cultural nationalism based on religious/ethnic identities. Religious fundamentalism is typically not associated with women's empowerment. As a patriarchal, Hindu nationalist party that advocates violence, the Shiv Sena is also an unlikely agent of women's empowerment. Yet, the Sena has been attracting numerous women who claim to have gained confidence through the party. Using the Shiv Sena as my case study, I interviewed four male and seven female Shiv Sena members using the biographic narrative method. By examining their biographic narratives and interviews of their families and colleagues, I was able to delineate the different empowerment cycles for men and women in Shiv Sena and determine each participant's level of empowerment. The empowerment framework defined by Jo Rowlands (1997), which distinguishes between personal, collective, and relational empowerment, serves as the basis of my assessment of women's and men's empowerment. As violence is generally disregarded as a means of empowerment, I discuss it in relation to the construction of empowering cultural identities. While establishing theoretical frameworks regarding empowerment, cultural identity and gender, I also examine the disempowerment of Maharashtrians (whom Shiv Sena originally represented) by the socio-economic and historical conditions of Bombay, India. I then demonstrate how Shiv Sena, led by its Chief, Bal Thackeray, has constructed a new hegemonic masculine identity for Maharasthrian men as a means of empowerment. In the final chapters, I examine Shiv Sena's impact on the lives of individual women and men. This analysis revealed that despite the patriarchal constraints imposed by the Sena, women were becoming personally empowered in both the private and public spheres. In contrast, while Shiv Sena men were achieving collective empowerment in the public sphere, they had more difficulty becoming personally empowered in both the home and workplace.
16
Talle, Aud. "Women at a loss : changes in Maasai pastoralism and their effects on gender relations." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Dept. of Social Anthropology, University of Stockholm, 1988. http://dds.crl.edu/CRLdelivery.asp?tid=11964.
Full text
17
Candita, Linda A. "Hooked on humour achieving rapport in humorous interactions between men and women who are friends /." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38155.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2008.A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Communication Arts, in full satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.
18
Parke, Sarah E. "An attitudinal study of gender and roles in public relations among practioners in the Midwest." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1337203.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has shown that although women outnumber men in public relations, women hold inferior positions, are paid less, and possess less credibility in their organization.Gender and roles in public relations has become a common focus of research for the public relations scholar; however, very few studies have used Q-methodology to gauge attitudes on this subject.Using Q-methodology, 21 public relations practitioners from a variety of organizations in 3 states were asked to sort 48 statements concerning attitudes about gender and roles in the field. Two factors emerged from the results and were labeled: Initiators and Generalists.Results indicated gender was no longer a factor in what roles the practitioner played and roles in public relations were blurring. It suggests further research should focus on differences between generalists and specialists rather than managers and technicians.Department of Journalism
19
Stone, Nancy E. "Somatic Awareness and Daily Hassles in Women with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2007. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/8.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death for women in the United States. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) carries a more negative prognosis for women than men. Women with AMI have both increased mortality and disability. All researchers who have documented a difference in delay times between men and women note that women delay longer in seeking treatment. In the case of an evolving AMI, women who delay in seeking medical attention will often place themselves outside the limits of reperfusion therapies such as angioplasty and thrombolysis, thereby increasing their risk of an out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death.
Several investigators have reported that reasons for delay to treatment may include the presence or absence of “somatic awareness”, that is, how a woman perceives body activity and physiological functioning. The inability of women to disregard social roles and place primacy of caring over their own health issues may limit them from seeking formal care. Social roles and obligations in a women’s life are often influenced by everyday, ordinary happenings which may have a negative impact on decision making. These everyday, ordinary happenings have been defined as “daily hassles”.
The Leventhal self-regulatory model of illness behavior, which has been used to study treatment seeking behavior in response to symptoms, provides a coherent framework for interpreting the problem of delayed treatment of myocardial infarction. The Leventhal model proposes that the patients’ belief about their health is structured in a hierarchical fashion and that these structures are based on previous illness experiences and information presented in the social environment. Utilizing a descriptive design, this study examined the relationship between somatic awareness and daily hassles and how these variables influenced a women’s treatment seeking behavior in AMI.
The Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ) was used to measure somatic awareness; and daily hassles were measured through the Daily Hassles and Uplift Scale (DHUS). The questionnaires were administered at least 24 hours post admission to women with AMI. Though there were no significant relationships found between somatic awareness, daily hassles and time to treatment for AMI, the study revealed other pertinent findings. A significant relationship was found between daily hassles and age; revealing that younger participants revealed a higher daily hassle score. Also, a significant relationship was found between total MSPQ and prior cardiac events; indicating infrequent occurrence of intense symptoms experienced by women with a positive cardiac history. Though it is unknown what impact this new knowledge will have on treatment of women with AMI, these findings hold promise for clarifying these areas of research. Keywords: somatic awareness, daily hassles, treatment seeking behavior, women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
20
Abraham, William Todd. "Learning in the absence of learning?: Biologically constrained sex differences in response to emotional and sexual intimacy." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1841.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this work was to integrate multiple levels of analysis in an attempt to clarify our understanding of a wealth of data examining sexual and emotional intimacy. The current work presented an empirical attempt to reconcile the notion of biologically constrained behavior with a perspective emphasizing evolved psychological mechanisms.
21
Dougherty, Joy. "The construction of gender relations and sexuality in the printing labour process." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995.
Find full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the ways in which gender relations and sexuality are constructed in workplaces within the printing industry, in order to understand how the sexual division of labour - which keeps women workers concentrated in 'unskilled', low status jobs in the bindery, and largely excluded from the male dominated printing trades - is maintained and reproduced. This study focuses on four structures of gender relations in the workplace: sexual division of labour, discrimination, power and sexuality, and explores these structures on three levels:
structure, practice and subjectivity. The study analyses the printing labour process in terms of the theoretical issues of gender, sexuality and power from a feminist
historical materialist perspective. There is a focus on the dialectical relationship between structure and subjectivity which reproduces both gendered subjectivity and structures of inequality between women and men, through the mediation of social practices and discourses operating in the printing labour process. The research process incorporates a feminist philosophy of 'research with' rather
than 'research on', which suggests research methods that explore social relations in their everyday context. In order to explore the ways in which femininity, masculinity and sexuality are constructed, and the ways in which these
constructions reproduce the sexual division of labour, the daily social practices operating in five Brisbane printing firms were observed. Two of the five case studies are of large 'hi-tech' printing firms owned and managed by men; three are of small 'low tech' printing firms owned and managed by women. In each case, the methods used are participant observation, informal conversations with workers, informal group discussions, unstructured interviews with management and representatives from the union, employer organisation and industry training
council, and documentary analysis. An historical outline of women's participation in the Australian printing industry provides a context for the case studies.
The findings from the case studies indicate that little has changed in the patterns of gender relations observed in the printing industry historically, and over the fouryear
period of this study. In the two large firms of this study, a conventional sexual division of labour was maintained, women were marginalised, underrepresented, concentrated in low-paid and low status jobs, casualised, and
generally perceived by male workers and management as inferior workers. On the other hand, in the small firms, the sexual division of labour was disrupted to
varying degrees, women were central to the organisation of work and numerically dominant, women were spread across all the trades, were not casualised, and were valued as workers.
In theoretical terms, the findings support other researchers' explanations of how gender and sexuality are socially constructed in the workplace, highlighting the
role of the technology/masculinity link in defining the feminine as nontechnological, and thus contributing to the exclusion of women from technical jobs. In addition, the findings point to the significance of the dialectical
relationship between structure and subjectivity in reproducing the structures of inequality between women and men, and highlight how this relationship is mediated by practices and discourses operating in the printing labour process. The findings also add to the theorisation of the key role of women managers in achieving sex equality in organisations. In practice, based on the small number of printing firms in this study, it appears that small firms provide the most favourable environment for women, both as
employees and managers, in terms of access to non-traditional occupations,multiskilling, recognition of prior learning and informal training, job satisfaction,
autonomy and support.
22
Guntram, Lisa. "Ambivalent Ambiguity? : A study of how women with 'atypical' sex development make sense of female embodiment." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111100.
Full textAbstract:
Against a backdrop of feminist and social scientific research on sex, female embodiment, and normality this thesis aims to discern how young women, who in adolescence have learned that their bodies are developing in ways considered ‘atypical’ for the female sex, make sense of their bodies and their situation. In focus are the ways in which the women make sense of and negotiate female embodiment; how they, particularly in stories about their interactions with others, position their embodied selves; and how norms and beliefs about sexed embodiment, heterosexual practice, and in/fertility are strengthened and challenged in the interviewees’ sense-making. The data comprise 23 in-depth interviews with women who in adolescence have learned that they do not have a uterus and a vagina, or who have learned that they do not have two X chromosomes and have no, or non-functioning, ovaries. Through narrative and thematic analysis the thesis shows how the women’s sense-making can be obstructed by norms about female embodiment, heterosexual practice, and in/fertility, expressed through medical terminology and practice and in interaction with family, friends, and peers, as described by the interviewees. Concomitantly, as the thesis demonstrates, medical terminology can be experienced and function as a resource in the women’s sense-making. Diagnostic categories enable them to put the specificities of sex development into words and raise awareness about bodily variation. Furthermore, in their stories about others’ reactions to their bodies and about their experience and management of certain medical treatments, the women question norms about female embodiment, heterosexual practice, and in/fertility that were previously taken for granted. The complexity of the women’s sense-making is demonstrated through the ways in which the interviewees, on the one hand, align with norms about female embodiment, heterosexual practice, and in/fertility, and in which they, on the other hand, succeed in challenging the same. In this ‘juggling’ of reinforcement and resistance, the thesis argues, the women are found to expand rather than dismiss beliefs about female embodiment. Thus, the thesis contributes with deepened knowledge about what it can be like to live with these specific conditions and with problematizations of how norms about female embodiment can be enacted and questioned.Mot bakgrund av feministisk och samhällsvetenskaplig forskning kring kön, kvinnlig kroppslighet och normalitet syftar avhandlingen till att undersöka hur unga kvinnor, som i tonåren fått reda på att deras kropp utvecklas på ett sätt som anses ”otypiskt” för det kvinnliga könet söker förstå och skapa mening kring sin kropp och situation. Framförallt undersöks dessa kvinnors meningsskapande, hur de i sina berättelser positionerar sig i relation till andra, och hur normer och föreställningar om kvinnlig kroppslighet, heterosexuell praktik och in/fertilitet förstås, förhandlas, stärks och ifrågasätts i berättelserna. Materialet som undersöks utgörs av 23 djupintervjuer med kvinnor som i tonåren fått reda på att de antingen inte har någon livmoder och vagina eller att de inte har två X kromosomer och inga eller icke-fungerade äggstockar. Genom narrativa och tematiska analyser visar avhandlingen hur kvinnornas meningskapande formas av normer kring kvinnlig kroppslighet, heterosexuell praktik och in/fertilitet, då de uttrycks i kvinnornas berättelser om sin situation i möten med andra och i relation till medicinsk praktik. Samtidigt, visar avhandlingen, kan medicinsk terminologi, specifikt diagnoser, och praktik utgöra resurser i kvinnornas meningsskapande som möjliggör för dem att sätta ord på och sprida kunskap om kroppslig variation. I kvinnornas berättelser om andras reaktioner på deras kroppar och om deras erfarenhet och hantering av specifika medicinska behandlingar utmanas vidare normer som kvinnorna tidigare har tagit för givet. Genom analysen framträder således komplexiteten i kvinnornas meningskapande då de å ena sidan anammar förgivettagna normer om kvinnlig kroppslighet, heterosexuell praktik och infertilitet och å andra sidan utmanar de samma. I detta ”jonglerande” av anpassning till normer och motstånd mot desammasyns kvinnorna expandera snarare än avfärda föreställningar om kvinnlig kroppslighet. Avhandlingen fördjupar därmed kunskapen om hur det kan vara att leva med dess specifika tillstånd och till att problematisera hur normer om kvinnlig kroppslighet kan ta sig uttryck och ifrågasättas.
23
Bouhamdan, Tyra Murielle. "Religion, the Law and the Human Rights of Women in the Middle East: A Quantitative Analysis." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/31/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 20, 2010) Michael Herb, committee chair; Jelena Subotic, Scott Graves, committee members. Includes bibliographical references.
24
Mabunay, Ma Luisa. "Gender relations in women's lives : a study of fishing households in a central Philippine community." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29078.
Full textAbstract:
This study argues that women's gendered experiences record distinctive features of their subordinate yet resilient positions at home and in society. It portrays the work and lives of selected women in a changing peasant fishing community in the Philippines and suggests directions by which power relations implied in their personal, local, and global lives might be more fully grasped. Despite an underlying perception of 'separate spheres' reflected in such local notions of work as pangabuhi and pangita, the women pragmatically pursue 'public' and market-related roles and activities for the immediate 'private' requirements for their households' sustenance and reproduction. Nevertheless, they are less discerning, and thus, less active in negotiating their strategic interests as women. The recommendations underscore the socially constructed character of gender divisions so demystifying the myths that sustain them. Social development projects that assist but not exacerbate the burdens of rural women are also endorsed.
25
Jilingisi, Ntombodidi. "Gendered roles and social behaviour towards women in marginalised communities: the case of Newlands location in East London." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020038.
Full textAbstract:
This research study aims to investigate the impact of gender roles and social behaviour towards women in marginalised communities in Newlands Location. The researcher used a qualitative research method to conduct the study through interviews. The study has five chapters: Chapter 1 focuses on the introduction and the background of the study; Chapter 2 is the literature review, where it clarifies the meaning of gender inequality and discusses gender inequality in education, economic growth and violence against women; Chapter 3 is the description of the methods used in assessing the impact of gender inequality in Newlands Location and outlines the processes followed in the study'; Chapter 4 are the findings and the achievements of aim and objectives of the study; Lastly, Chapter 5 focuses on the Conclusion, Limitations and Recommendations of the study. Newlands location need a serious intermediation to address the gender inequality issues.
26
Liu, Yiqi, and 刘依祺. "Gendered discourse and rapport management in Hong Kong beauty spas." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45901831.
Full text
27
Proctor, Helen. "Gender and merit: A history of coeducation and gender relations at an academically-selective public secondary school, Parramatta High, New South Wales, 1913-1958." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20126.
Full text
28
Ingham, Charlotte. "Experiences of same-sex oriented women in relation to psychological wellbeing." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2015. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/75130/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores issues related to same-sex oriented women's psychological wellbeing, including their experiences of same-sex partner bereavement in later life and their experiences of informal social support. The literature review explored how non-heterosexual women experience informal social support. A metasynthesis was conducted exploring the findings of 16 papers identified through a systematic literature search. Four main themes were derived: (i) Disconnection from family life, (ii) The benefits of cross-sexual orientation friendships, (iii) Negotiating (internalised) homophobia and seeking a space for authenticity, and (iv) The intimacy of friendships between women. Collectively these themes represent non-heterosexual women's experiences of social support and friendship in the context of a heteronormative culture. Clinical implications outline a role for social, psychological and societal interventions to assist non-heterosexual women in developing supportive networks, to improve psychological wellbeing. The research paper explored the experiences of same-sex partner bereavement in older women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight women. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Analysis identified a number of concepts that have been extensively documented in previous research on bereavement with other groups, including heterosexual older people. These were not discussed further, as the focus of the paper was on experiences where the participants' identities as older, same-sex oriented women seemed salient. Instead, the results and discussion outline three novel themes, which highlight experiences specific to this group. The findings indicate that older women may face particular challenges following same-sex partner bereavement, which can impact upon psychological wellbeing and adjustment to loss. Clinical implications suggest a role for psychological, social, service level and societal interventions. Adaptations to existing models of bereavement are proposed, and future research recommendations are made. The critical appraisal outlines personal reflections on the research, and strengths and limitations of the research are discussed further.
29
LeCoe-Cannucci, Kathleen Dianne. "Social construction of sexual equality in distilled beverage advertising." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4058.
Full textAbstract:
One aspect of the role of advertising in the process of maintaining and reinforcing or challenging the socially constructed worlds of maleness and femaleness, and especially the portrayal of the "woman's place," was explored in this study.
30
Kaplinska, Julia. "Risk Recognition and Response in Relation to College Women’s Sexual Victimization: The Context of Sex Motives." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1351454416.
Full text
31
Lin, Lang. "Parents, Patriarchy, and Decision-Making Power: A Study of Gender Relations as Reflected by Co-residence Patterns of Older Parents in the Immigrant Household." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/16/.
Full text
32
Branaman, Barry L. "The egalitarian use of the Trinity as a model for gender relations." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2009. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p002-0859.
Full text
33
Emmett, Melissa Christine. "Crossing the line in cross-sex friendships effects of past sexual contact and dating status on relational maintenance /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002070.
Full text
34
Lundquist, Keeley M. (Keeley Marie). "A Study of the Relationships Among Relational Maintenance Strategies, Sexual Communication Strategies and Romantic Relational Satisfaction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279014/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examined 199 college students' reported use of relational maintenance strategies and their reports of the occurrence of sexual communication strategies within the relationship with their partners' reported relational satisfaction.
35
Marinho, Simone Ramos. "A imprensa e a norma para o Bello Sexo: o periodismo feminino na Bahia (1860-1917)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/12714.
Full textAbstract:
140f.Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-08-23T17:00:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Ramos Marinho - Dissertação.pdf: 2552830 bytes, checksum: 0834809b74478e63aad35723532b4715 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-08-23T19:38:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Ramos Marinho - Dissertação.pdf: 2552830 bytes, checksum: 0834809b74478e63aad35723532b4715 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-23T19:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Ramos Marinho - Dissertação.pdf: 2552830 bytes, checksum: 0834809b74478e63aad35723532b4715 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
CAPES
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a imprensa para mulheres na Bahia no período que compreende os anos de 1860-1917. A Imprensa e a Norma para o Bello Sexo. O periodismo feminino na Bahia (1860-1917) discute a maneira pela qual as questões consideradas como “femininas” foram tratadas por essa imprensa e, do mesmo modo, como o próprio feminino foi por ela impresso. Abordamos a imprensa para mulheres segundo uma perspectiva que a considera não só como fonte, mas, sobretudo, como agente que intervém no processo histórico. A partir dos periódicos destinados às mulheres – redigidos por homens e mulheres – buscou-se compreender os modelos femininos divulgados por essa imprensa a serem seguidos naquela época. Primeiro, analisou-se os periódicos editados por homens e, posteriormente, pelas mulheres, o que permitiu entender a inserção delas no mundo da imprensa. Para isso foi preciso apreender as mudanças ocorridas na sociedade baiana desse período que possibilitaram maior participação das mulheres na vida pública. As ambigüidades apresentadas por essa imprensa, no que diz respeito ao seu posicionamento sobre a figura feminina, revelam as tensões existentes nas relações entre os gêneros nesta sociedade, o que pode ser observado nas reivindicações das mulheres nestes periódicos. This dissertation has the objective to analyze the women’s press in Bahia in the period that comprise the years of 1860-1917. A Imprensa e a Norma para o Bello Sexo. O periodismo feminino na Bahia (1860-1917) discusses the way how the questions considered like “female” were disscused for this press and, the same way, how the own female was printed by it. We deal with the women’s press according to a perspective that consider it not only like source, but, especially, like agent that influence in the historic process. From the periodicals addressed to women – published for men and women – we tried to understand the female models publicized for this press that would be followed in that time. First, we analysed the periodicals wrote for men and, later, for women, what allowed to understand their inclusion in the press’world. For this we had to realize the changes occurred in the baiana society in this period that became possible a bigger participation of the women in the public life. Ambiguities showed for this press, in the respect to it position about the female figure, reveal the tensions there were around the relation between the genders in that society, what can be noticed in the reivindications from women in this periodicals.
Salvador
36
Hermansson, Anette, and Agnieszka Pennholm. ""Blir det någonsin rättvist?" : En kvalitativ studie om hur kvinnor i samkönad relation upplever ansvarsfördelningen i hemmet." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för psykologi, pedagogik och sociologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-15149.
Full textAbstract:
Ett övergripande mål regeringen i Sverige har är att kvinnor och män ska ha samma makt att forma samhället och sitt eget liv, detta mål innefattar sex delmål. Delmål fyra handlar om en jämn fördelning av det obetalda hem och omsorgsarbetet. Tidigare forskning av Goldberg (2013) visar att kvinnor i samkönad relation är bättre på att skapa en känsla av jämlikhet i sina förhållanden och är mer flexibla i uppdelningen av hushållsarbete. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur kvinnor i samkönade relationer fördelade ansvarsområdena och hur de upplevde att ansvarsfördelning påverkade deras relation. Sju kvinnor intervjuades med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer för ökad förståelse av deras upplevelser. Intervjuerna analyserades med en tematisk analys och med hjälp av rollteori och social utbytesteori försökte författarna förstå hur informanterna fördelade ansvaret i sin relation och hur de upplevde ansvarsfördelningen. Resultatet visar att informanterna upplevde en relativt jämlik och rättvis fördelning. Resultatet visar vidare att fördelningen skapats genom kommunikation, struktur, intresse och förutsättningar. Informanterna beskrev att det var viktigt att fördelningen inte var ett krav utan en överenskommelse och att det fanns en respekt för varandras ansvar. Detta innebär att ansvarsfördelningen bidrar till graden av trygghet, jämlikhet och rättvisa i relationen.An overall goal of the Swedish government is for women and men to have the same power to shape society and their own lives, this goal includes six sub-goals. Subsection four is about an even distribution of unpaid homes and care work. Previous research by Goldberg (2013) shows that same-sex women are better at creating a sense of equality in their relationships and are more flexible in the division of housework. The purpose of this study was to investigate how women in same-sex relationships divided their responsibilities and how they perceived that division of responsibilities affected their relationship. Seven women were interviewed using semi-structured interviews to increase the understanding of their experiences. The interviews were analyzed with a thematic analysis and with the help of role theory and social exchange theory the authors tried to understand how the informants divided responsibility in their relationship and how they experienced the division of responsibility. The result shows that the informants experienced a relatively equal and fair distribution. The result further shows that the distribution was created through communication, structure, interest and conditions. The informants described that it was important that the distribution was not a requirement but an agreement and that there was a respect for each other's responsibilities. This means that the division of responsibility contributes to the degree of security, equality and justice in the relationship.
37
Michaela, Nilsson, and Carlson Rebecca. "Why is it so hard to see black and blue? : Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta kvinnor utsatta för misshandel av män i en nära relation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28260.
Full textAbstract:
Kvinnomisshandel är idag ett komplicerat och tabubelagt folkhälsoproblem. 38 % av kvinnor runt om i världen har någon gång blivit utsatta för misshandel i en nära relation. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta kvinnor utsatta för misshandel av män i en nära relation. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där tio kvalitativa artiklar och en artikel med mixad metod användes i resultatet. Resultatet presenteras i fyra kategorier: Kvinnomisshandel – ett tabubelagt ämne bland vårdpersonal, Att axla sin professionella roll i mötet med misshandlade kvinnor, Kunskapens betydelse för omvårdnad och Organisationens påverkan på omvårdnad. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor upplevde en saknad av relevant utbildning i hur och när frågan om misshandel skulle komma på tal för att inte förolämpa och stöta bort kvinnorna. Sjuksköterskorna påpekade även att behovet av ett utökat samarbete med andra professioner skulle kunna vara till hjälp vid möten med kvinnor utsatta för misshandel i en nära relation. Det påpekades att sjuksköterskorna upplevde det som svårt att axla sin professionella roll och ge kvinnorna den hjälpen de behövde få. Inom sjukvården har sjuksköterskorna en viktig och framträdande roll i att hjälpa kvinnor utsatta för misshandel i en nära relation.The dilemma of battered women is today a complex and taboo public health problem, 38 % of women around the world has at some point been exposed to intimate partner violence. The aim was to describe nurses experiences of encounter women exposed to intimate partner violence by men. The study was conducted as a literature study where ten qualitative scientific articles and one mixed method scientific article were selected. The result culminated in four categories: Battered women – a taboo subject among health care workers, Shouldering the professional role in the encounter with battered women, The importance of knowledge in nursing care and The organization's impact on the nursing care. Nurses´ experienced a lack of relevant education in how and when to ask women about intimate partner violence without insult and repelling the women. Nurses pointed out that the need for extended collaboration with other professions would be of great assistance in meeting women exposed to intimate partner violence. Nurses observed that it was difficult to shouldering their professional role and provide the assistance that the women needed to receive. The result showed that nurses have an important and prominent role in assisting women exposed to intimate partner violence.
38
Poulos, Tessa. "Relational processes enabling the balancing of academic work and motherhood: a grounded theory study with academic women at a South African university." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002547.
Full textAbstract:
Through the use of contextual data, this research study aims to explicate a theory about the experiences of academic women, who are also mothers, employed at a South African University. The research is interpretive in nature as it explores the women's accounts of the conflicts they face in striving to satisfy the demands of both their scholarly work and family responsibilities within multiple intersecting factors related to their personal/familial circumstances, and the strategic processes they engage in to manage the balance between these competing roles. The study followed a constructivist grounded theory design in an attempt to test the hypothesis (emerging from a prior pilot study) that the most significant enabling factors at work in the lives of these women comprise various relational support processes. The findings indicate that balancing academic work and mothering is a delicate activity that is sensitive to a number of facilitating as well as hindering factors. The participants revealed that they experience work-family role-conflict as a result of competing desires to dedicate themselves fully to both of these roles. The relational factors most prominently cited as being critical to enabling a work-family balance include the presence of a supportive partner, a support structure in the home in the form of an employed domestic helper, and the support derived from a 'shared experience' with other working mothers. Non-relational factors emanating from the unique quality of life afforded to mothers by employment within the particular case institution also emerged as being significantly enabling of a work-family balance for this group of academic mothers.
39
Conceição, Hélida Santos. "Muitas mulheres, um mesmo movimento: história e participação política das mulheres do MST na Bahia – 1987/2001." Programa de Pós- Graduação em História da UFBA, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11375.
Full textAbstract:
153f.Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-17T19:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Helida Conceicaoseg.pdf: 1001320 bytes, checksum: 8bcbcd89d82ac404ff1b96d2fc9f402e (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-26T11:08:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Helida Conceicaoseg.pdf: 1001320 bytes, checksum: 8bcbcd89d82ac404ff1b96d2fc9f402e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-26T11:08:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Helida Conceicaoseg.pdf: 1001320 bytes, checksum: 8bcbcd89d82ac404ff1b96d2fc9f402e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Este trabalho pretendeu construir a história da participação política da mulher do MST na Bahia, entre os anos de 1987 a 2001. As principais fontes para a construção desta história foram as publicações do MST, as entrevistas realizadas com mulheres militantes e os jornais da época. Na análise destas fontes – orais e escritas - privilegiou-se perceber como as mulheres vieram colaborando com o Movimento e como elas ressignificam sua participação a partir de suas histórias de vida e trajetória no movimento social. Foram analisados os princípios políticos e ideológicos que aparecem nos discursos sobre as mulheres e como os mesmos influem na representação que as militantes tem de si, ao mesmo tempo em que, tais discursos ajudam a compor um tipo de identidade comunitária e política singular. Os discursos sobre gênero e participação política da mulher neste trabalho, foram relevantes para o entendimento dos dispositivos e das relações de poder que permeiam as práticas políticas, sociais e simbólicas do MST.
Salvador
40
Ouedraogo, Ramatou. "« L'avortement, ses pratiques et ses soins ». une anthropologie des jeunes au prisme des normes sociales et des politiques publiques de santé au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0036/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'avortement provoqué sans indication médicale ou juridique dans les pays où il estinterdit comme au Burkina Faso pose à la fois un problème de santé publique et unproblème social. C'est cette double problématique que cette thèse a exploré pourexpliquer les difficultés que rencontre le pays à lutter contre les avortements à risque, etcomprendre les facteurs de l'accroissement de la pratique parmi les jeunes. Uneimmersion dans l'univers de l'avortement (structures sanitaires et vie de femmes etd'hommes ayant fait l'expérience de l'avortement) ainsi que des entretiens avecdifférents acteurs, ont permis de montrer que la manière dont l'avortement est pensé ettraité dans l'espace public burkinabè concourt à créer des obstacles rédhibitoires à saconstitution en problème réel de santé publique et à sa gestion efficiente. Il est conçusocialement comme une déviance et est fortement reprouvé. Les stigmates consécutifs àcette déviance et ses enjeux moraux et symboliques marquent alors de leur sceau leprocessus conduisant à la reconnaissance sociale et politique du problème. Parconséquent, l'avortement est partiellement inscrit à l'agenda des politiques publiques desanté, et les recours et les modalités d'accès aux services d'avortement dans lesstructures sanitaires s'en trouvent fortement influencés. Quant à l'occurrence del'avortement parmi les jeunes, elle a trait aux pratiques des jeunes urbains dans uncontexte marqué par une mutation des modes d'accès au statut d'adulte et une précaritééconomique et statutaire. Ce travail montre que les grossesses qui aboutissent auxavortements sont la conjugaison d'une hétéronomie des jeunes femmes et dedynamiques d'individuation dans leurs « débrouilles » pour devenir adulte et pourréussir dans la ville de Ouagadougou. À ce titre, cette recherche apporte unecontribution aux réflexions dans les champs de l'anthropologie des jeunes et del'anthropologie de la santéInduced abortion without medical or legal request in countries where it is prohibitedsuch as Burkina Faso poses both a public health and social problems. It is this doubleproblematic that this thesis explored in order to understand the causes of the difficultiesfacing the country to fight against unsafe abortions, and the factors that increased thispractice among young people. Immersion in abortion universe (health facilities andlives of women and men who have experienced abortion) and interviews with variousactors, have shown that the way abortion is thought and treated in public space combineto create insurmountable obstacles to its constitution as a real public health problem andits efficient management. It is designed as a deviance and it is highly reprobated.Consecutive stigmata due to this deviance and its moral and symbolic issues mark theirseals to the process leading to social and political recognition of the problem. Therefore,abortion is partially on the public health policies agenda, and access to abortion servicesin health structures are accordingly influenced. The occurrence of abortion among youthrefers to practices among “young people” in a context marked by a mutation of the wayof accessing social adulthood status, as well as economic and statutory precariousness.This work shows that pregnancies that lead to abortions are the combination of aheteronomy and individuation impulses within young women in their resourcefulness tobecome adult and succeed socially and economically in the city of Ouagadougou. Thisresearch therefore contributes to studies in the fields of anthropology of the subject andthe anthropology of health
41
Ribeiro, Ludmila Maria Batista de Brito. "O (não) ser cientista mulher na área da física em institutos públicos de pesquisa." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/819.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Ludmila Maria Batista de Brito Ribeiro.pdf: 1508943 bytes, checksum: 8ad1266429892425d7e248ffd2a86bff (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-09-05Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
This study sought to further the scientific knowledge on the approach of Social Relations between the Sexes / SRS through using all its analytical categories (Modes of Action and Forms of Expression) in a single study on the professional lives of scientists in the area of physics, in public research institutes, fro m the investigation on which are the implications of belonging to a certain category of gender in the professional life of the scientists from the approach of Social Relations between the Sexes. It was opted for a qualitative approach. The research strateg y used was inferred from the empirical studies developed by Devreux. This strategy, originally applied to sociological studies, was adapted and replicated, for the first time, in an organizational study. The data, that came from various sources, were colle cted in 5 research institutes (four in Brazil and one in France), including biographical reports, institutional documents and data from Lattes s Plataform and Directory of Research Groups (both from CNPq). The data collected in France were the basis for th e adequacy of the Guide of Biographical Reporting and to collect information about public policies of parity developed in that country. The results indicated that the professional lives of women scientists is directly impacted by SRS, either in the symboli c aspect that corresponds to the mental burden of the execution of reproductive labor (domestic tasks and care of children) and as in material aspects such as lack of time to dedicate entirely to the career. A higher valuation of men s productive labor was perceived when associated the masculine strength to subarea of experimental physics, in a way that women would be more directed to theoretical physics in function of their fragility in handling large research equipment. The memory frames about the profess ion of scientist s mother proved sexed and showed no relevant intergenerational differences. The sexual posture of men and women demonstrated that the fight between the two sexes was identified in the form of an alliance strategy that always occurs in a wa y that favors the class of men. When having to articulate the work (productive and reproductive) the woman works twice. This constrains her to do juggle, put herself at a disadvantage situation in the professional competition and maintain the frame of male domination in the area of physics.
Este estudo buscou aprofundar os conhecimentos científicos sobre a abordagem das Relações Sociais entre os Sexos/ RSS por meio de utilização de todas as suas categorias analíticas (Modos de Ação e Formas de Expressão) em um único estudo sobre a vida profissional de cientistas na área da Física em institutos públicos de pesquisa a partir da investigação sobre quais as implicações do pertencimento a uma determinada categoria de sexo na vida profissional dos(as) cientistas a partir da abordagem das Relações Sociais entre os Sexos. Optou - se pela abordagem qualitativa. A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada foi depreendida a pa rtir dos estudos empíricos desenvolvidos por Devreux. Essa estratégia , originariamente aplicada aos estudos sociológicos, foi adaptada e replicada, pela primeira vez, em um estudo organizacional. Os dados, advindos de várias fontes, foram coletados em cinc o institutos de pesquisa (quatro no Brasil e um na França), incluindo relatos biográficos, documentos institucionais e dados da Plataforma Lattes e do Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisas (ambos do CNPq). Os dados coletados na França serviram de base para a a dequação do Guia de Relato Biográfico e para a coleta de informações acerca das políticas públicas de paridade desenvolvidas naquele país. Os resultados indicaram que a vida profissional das mulheres cientistas é diretamente impactada pelas RSS, seja no as pecto simbólico que corresponde ao encargo mental da execução do trabalho reprodutivo (tarefas domésticas e de cuidado dos filhos), seja em aspectos materiais como a falta de tempo para se dedicar integralmente à carreira. Uma maior valorização do trabalho produtivo dos homens foi percebida ao se associar a força masculina à subárea da Física Experimental , de modo que as mulheres estariam mais direcionadas à Física teórica em função da sua fragilidade em manusear grandes equipamentos de pesquisa. Os quadro s de memória sobre a profissão da mãe do(a) cientista se revelaram sexuados e não apresentaram diferenças intergeracionais relevantes. Os posicionamentos sexuados de homens e mulheres demonstraram que a luta entre os dois sexos foi identificada sob a fo rma de estratégia de aliança firmada sempre de modo a favorecer a classe dos homens. Ao ter que articular o trabalho (produtivo e reprodutivo), a mulher trabalha duas vezes. Isso a constrange a fazer malabarismos, a coloca em situação de desvantagem na c oncorrência profissional e, mant é m o quadro de dominação masculina na área da Física.
42
Vermelle, Alison. "Malesherbes et ses belles amies." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100123.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse explore un pan méconnu de la vie de Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes (1721-1794). L'homme issu d'une grande famille de la noblesse de robe parisienne est bien connu comme un acteur politique important des règnes de Louis XV et Louis XVI, mais aussi comme scientifique et botaniste passionné. Ses interactions avec les femmes de son entourage sont en revanche mentionnées à demi-mots voire absentes des études lui étant jusqu’ici consacrées. En s’appuyant notamment sur des sources d’archives (fonds privé Rosanbo, fonds Malesherbes, minutier central des notaires de Paris), cette thèse propose de suivre le fil d’histoires d’affinités oubliées. Dans le sillage de l’histoire du genre, elle analyse les pratiques familiales, sociales et culturelles de femmes nobles à travers des thèmes variés (sciences, voyage, mœurs…), induits par l’éclectisme de Malesherbes. La première partie (1721-1750) s’intéresse aux figures féminines de l’enfance de Malesherbes ainsi qu’à la place dévolue à la femme dans un foyer de la noblesse de robe. La seconde partie (1750-1774) aborde la construction des liens familiaux et sociaux puis s’attarde sur les profils des femmes insérées dans son cercle d’intimes. La troisième partie (1774-1794) considère l’évolution de ses rapports avec ses filles, sa sœur aînée mais aussi des amies communes à Turgot. Les femmes qui ont accompagné Malesherbes dans chaque phase de sa vie, et jusqu’à l’échafaud, étaient porteuses d’amitiés fraternelles, maritale, parentale ou intellectuelles. La reconstitution de ce vaste réseau féminin illustre les modalités plurielles de la construction des rapports hommes-femmes dans les espaces privés et publics de la noblesse au XVIIIe siècleThis thesis explores an unknown part of the life of Guillaume Lamoignon de Malesherbes (1721-1794). The man coming from a prominent family of the Parisian Nobility of the Robe is well known as a major political actor during the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI, but also as a scientist and passionate botanist.His interactions with women close to him are by contrast barely mentioned or even absent from the studies so far being dedicated to him. Notably relying on archival sources (Rosanbo private fund, Malesherbes fund, central minute book of the Paris notaries), this thesis proposes to follow the thread of forgotten affinity stories. In the wake of the gender studies, it analizes women’s familial, social and cultural practices, through varied themes (sciences, travel, customs…), led by the eclecticism of Malesherbes. The first part (1721-1750) focuses on the female figures of Malesherbes’ childhood and the role assigned to women in a home of the nobles of the robe. The second part (1750-1774) considers the construction of family and social relationships and focuses on women profiles inserted in his inner circle. The third part (1774-1794) considers the evolution of his relationships with his daughters, his elder sister but also mutual friends with Turgot.Women who have accompanied Malesherbes in every phase of his life, and to the scaffold, were carrying fraternal, marital, parental or intellectual friendships. The reconstruction of this vast female network shows various modes of the construction of relations between men and women in the private and public spaces of the nobility in the eighteenth century
43
Tester, Griff M. "The relational and status foundation of gender discrimination in housing." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1184660136.
Full text
44
Santos, do Nascimento Paiva Michelle. "De l’invisibilité des cancers d’origine professionnelle à l’invisibilisation des risques cancérogènes dans le travail des femmes." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080064/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse étudie les conditions de travail des femmes en France afin de rendre compte de la difficulté à envisager puis établir des liens entre ces conditions et le développement de certains cancers. Ceci implique de s’intéresser à la façon dont les différences biologiques et culturelles servent d’argument pour expliquer les particularités féminines face au cancer. Ainsi, à partir d’une approche analytique de la division sexuelle du travail cette recherche vise à comprendre pourquoi l’hypothèse de l’existence des atteintes cancérogènes à la santé au travail ne serait plausible que pour expliquer l’origine des cancers dont souffrent des hommes. A partir de quels éléments invalide-t-on l’hypothèse d’une étiologie professionnelle dans l’explication des cancers dont souffrent des femmes ? S’appuie-t-on sur des différences concrètes, empiriques et contextualisées ou assiste-t-on plutôt à un processus de différenciation construit par un jeu de mise en visibilisation/invisibilisation du travail des hommes et des femmes ?Cette thèse soutient que les femmes sont concernées par un phénomène d’invisibilisation des atteintes cancérogènes à leur santé au travail. Les processus de différenciation des hommes et des femmes se (re)produisent aux niveaux macro, méso et microsocial ; ils se situent au niveau de la construction de la connaissance, de la production des conditions pour la reconnaissance de la maladie professionnelle, au niveau des mobilisations sociales, ainsi qu’au niveau du rapport subjectif des travailleur-se-s au travail et aux risquesThis thesis investigates women’s working conditions in France to give an account of the difficulties of establishing links between those conditions and the development of certain cancers. This investigation implies getting familiar with the ways biological and cultural differences are being held as arguments to explain feminine particularities of cancers. Using a sexual division of labour approach, this research aims to understand why the hypothesis of carcinogenic harms to health in the workplace would only be plausible to explain men’s cancers. Which elements are used to undermine the professional etiology in the explication of women’s cancers? Are we taking into account concrete, empirical and contextualized differences or is it a differentiation process, constructed in a visibilization/invisibilization interplay of men’s and women’s work?This thesis claims that women are affected by an invisibilization phenomenon of the carcinogenic harms to their health in the workplace. The processes of differentiation between men and women are (re)producing themselves at macro, meso and microsocial levels; they are present in the construction of knowledge, in the production of conditions for recognition of the occupational disease, in social mobilisations and in the subjective relation between the individuals and their work and risks
45
Adane, Virginie. "Genre, pouvoir et relations marchandes dans une société coloniale multiculturelle. Nouvelle-Néerlande, New York (1630-1730)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0148/document.
Full textAbstract:
La Nouvelle-Néerlande, devenue New York à partir de 1664, est une société coloniale nouvelle, qui se construit tout au long des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Ce travail vise à analyser l'importance des relations de genre (normes, relations sociales entre hommes et femmes) dans la construction de cette société coloniale, et à envisager la façon dont ces normes et ces relation se construisent d'une part un ordre colonial au cœur de la construction de cette société nouvelle, d'autre part informent le fonctionnement des échanges marchands, notamment avec les populations amérindiennesNew Netherland, then New York (from 1664 on) was a colonial society that was shaped during the 17th and 18th centuries. This dissertation shows the importance of gender, its norms and the social relations it led to, in the shaping of the society. Gender helped constructing the social order of the new society and was at the heart of the trading relations with Native American populations
46
Polesi, Hervé. "Les rapports sociaux de sexe comme déterminant de la santé des femmes au travail : le cas empirique du "care" aux personnes âgées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG021/document.
Full textAbstract:
La santé des femmes au travail doit être envisagée comme une question collective, déterminée par les rapports sociaux de sexe. La vision médicale traditionnelle du corps des femmes y voit un corps toujours défaillant, ce qui constitue un obstacle à la reconnaissance des atteintes à la santé des femmes liées au travail. Le champ empirique de l’aide aux personnes âgées nous offre l’opportunité d’observer les pénibilités du travail d’aide à domicile. Nous pouvons également prendre connaissance des pathologies qui en découlent. Tous ces éléments confirment la pénibilité du métier d’auxiliaire de vie, visible même dans les données de reconnaissance de l’assurance maladie. Lire ces résultats à l’aune des rapports sociaux de sexe nous permet de comprendre comment l’ignorance de cette pénibilité amène un bénéfice collectif. Ils indiquent également tout l’enjeu qu’il y a à proposer une vision de la santé dégagée de la lecture strictement biomédicale, construite au masculin neutreWomen occupational health should be seen as a collective issue, determined by social relations of sex. The traditional medical view of women's bodies refers to an understanding of an ever-failing body, and this is an obstacle to the recognition of attacks on women's health related to work. The empirical field of elderly home care gives us the opportunity to observe the physical and psychological discomforts for health care workers. We can also take note of the diseases linked to this work hardness. All these facts confirm the hardness of health care worker job, visible even in the recognition data of health insurance. Read those results in terms of social relation of sex allows us to understand how the ignorance of this hardship brings a collective benefit. It also indicates how important it is to offer a vision of health away from the strictly biomedical point of view, masculine neutral built
47
Niang, Soukeyna. "Conflit armé et reconfiguration des rapports de genre en Casamance (Sénégal) : la féminisation du « ni guerre ni paix » et ses limites." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0250.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s’intéresse aux reconfigurations des rapports de genre induits par le conflit armé de Casamance, plus vieille rébellion d’Afrique qui oppose depuis près de 40 ans l’État du Sénégal au Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de Casamance (MFDC) sécessionniste. Le conflit est entré depuis le début des années 2000 dans une phase de « ni guerre ni paix » dans laquelle on observe l’occupation des femmes de rôles masculins dans les sphères publiques et privées. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent en effet que la guerre a mis en difficulté les masculinités, d’où une montée en puissance des féminités. Dans la sphère publique, la gestion politique du conflit casamançais est marquée par sa dimension androcentrique ; les hommes ont montré leurs limites dans leur capacité à mettre un terme au conflit, c’est-à-dire à remplir le rôle politico-militaire dont ils ont l’apanage. Dans cette vacance, les femmes se sont mobilisées pour mettre fin à la guerre à travers la création de la Plateforme des Femmes pour la Paix en Casamance (PFPC). Dans la sphère domestique, le constat fait est celui de masculinités vulnérables et de féminités surchargées. Alors que les hommes ont été les principales victimes du conflit casamançais, certaines femmes sont devenues des cheffes de famille. Cependant, cette reconfiguration des rapports de genre par la féminisation de responsabilités longtemps monopolisées par les hommes n’a pas remis en cause les arrangements de genre à tendance patriarcales. L’augmentation de l’agir féminin ne s’est pas accompagnée d’une augmentation de leur pouvoir politique ou même de leur pouvoir domestique. Cette thèse s’applique à démontrer les dimensions paradoxales de cette surféminisation limitée car sans effet significatif et immédiat sur les normes genrées patriarcalesThis thesis examines the reconfigurations of gender relations caused by the armed conflict in Casamance, the oldest rebellion in Africa which for nearly 40 years oppose the State of Senegal to the secessionist Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de Casamance (MFDC). Since the early 2000s, the conflict has entered in a floating phase of "neither war nor peace". In this context, we see an over-presence of women in public and private spheres due to the fact that the war has challenged masculinities and consequently provoque a rise of femininities. Indeed, in public sphere, the management of the Casamance conflict is marked by its androcentric dimension; men have shown their limits in the ability to put an end to the conflict, that is to say to fulfill the politico-military role of which they have the prerogative. Faced with that, women have mobilized to end the war through the creation of the Plateforme des Femmes pour la Paix en Casamance (PFPC). In the private domestic sphere, we observe vulnerable masculinities and overloaded femininities. While men were the main victims of the Casamance conflict, women became heads of families. However, a paradox is highlighted: this new paradigm of gender relations in favor of over-feminization in Casamance has not challenge patriarchal gender arrangements. The increase of female autonomy has not been accompanied by an increase of their political power or even their domestic power. As a result, this thesis seeks to demonstrate the paradoxical dimensions of this limited surfeminization without relevant effect on patriarchal gender norms
48
Moura, Neide Cardoso de. "Relações de gênero em livros didáticos de língua portuguesa: permanências e mudanças." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17231.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Neide Cardoso de Moura.pdf: 20155672 bytes, checksum: 2bff4b17d9d3f52a3b49a73e6a6068a4 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2007-11-05This thesis had as purpose the analysis, in the perspective of gender discriminations, in Portuguese Language textbooks for students and teachers of the fourth degree of elementary schools, published in the period between 1975 and 2003. The analysis was produced in the interpretative contexts of the theory of ideology (Thompson, 1995), supported in the concept of gender proposed by (Scott, 1995), in Rosemberg s theory on age relations (1996), as well as in the contemporary studies on gender/women. This knowledge provides apprehension conditions in terms of permanencies and changes of these discriminations in the considered period, adopting, for that, a diachronic perspective. With this intent one adopted the methodological perspective of Thompson (1995), involving three stages. The first one was the sociohistorical analysis, having as purpose to analyze the specific contexts and socially structured where the symbolical forms here considered as textbooks, were produced, constructed and reproduced. The second stage, the formal analysis or discursive one, consisted of an internal analysis of these symbolical forms, through the analyses of the content. In the third one, in the interpretation/reinterpretation of the gender ideology as a process of synthesis in which one searched to articulate the results of the former steps. For the quantitative analysis it was used as sample thirty-three textbooks of Portuguese language, from which it was selected two hundred and fifty one reading units, with one thousand and three hundred seventy two characters. In the illustrations of the same units we observed six hundred fifty characters and one hundred twenty illustrated in the book covers. The contexts analyses of the textbooks production as well as the formal analyses, enabled to develop the thesis that, spite the whole movement in the field of the production of these books; of the increment of the sex/gender theme in the agenda of the public politics represented in the legislative educational diversity; of the evaluations made by The Ministry of Education/MEC, represented by PNLD, the text book remains as a means of gender discriminations, in spite of presenting changes, even though, still insufficient
Esta tese teve como propósito a análise, na perspectiva das discriminações de gênero, de livros didáticos de Língua Portuguesa endereçados a alunos(as) e professores(as), da quarta série do ensino fundamental, publicados no período entre 1975 e 2003. A análise foi produzida nos contextos interpretativos da teoria da ideologia (Thompson, 1995), amparou-se no conceito de gênero proposto por (Scott, 1995), na teoria sobre as relações de idade de (Rosemberg, 1996), bem como nos estudos contemporâneos sobre discriminações de gênero/mulheres. Esses conhecimentos proporcionaram condições de apreensão em termos de permanências e mudanças dessas discriminações, no período considerado, adotando, para tanto, uma perspectiva diacrônica. Com esse intento incorporou-se a perspectiva metodológica de Thompson (1995), envolvendo três etapas. A primeira foi a análise sócio-histórica, tendo como finalidade analisar os contextos específicos e socialmente estruturados onde as formas simbólicas, aqui consideradas como livros didáticos, foram produzidas, construídas e reproduzidas. A segunda etapa, a análise formal ou discursiva, consistiu na análise interna a essas formas simbólicas, pautando-se na análise de conteúdo. A terceira etapa, na interpretação/reinterpretação da ideologia de gênero como processo de síntese no qual se buscou articular os resultados das fases anteriores. Para análise quantitativa foi utilizada uma amostra de trinta e três livros didáticos de Língua Portuguesa, dos quais foram selecionadas duzentas e cinqüenta e uma unidades de leitura, nas quais foram observadas mil trezentas e setenta e duas de suas personagens. Nas ilustrações dessas mesmas unidades observamos seiscentas e cinqüenta personagens e cento e vinte das ilustradas nas capas. A análise do contexto de produção dos livros didáticos, bem como a análise formal, possibilitou desenvolver a tese de que, a despeito de toda movimentação no campo da produção desses livros; do incremento da temática sexo/gênero na agenda das políticas publicas representadas na diversidade legislativa educacional; das avaliações promovidas pelo Ministério da Educação/MEC, representado pelo PNLD, o livro didático permanece como veículo das discriminações de gênero, apesar de apresentar mudanças, mesmo que, ainda insuficientes
49
Casini, Annalisa. "Genre et carrière professionnelle: enjeux identitaires et dilemmes normatifs dans le phénomène du "plafond de verre"." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210451.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail propose une réflexion sur les obstacles, souvent "invisibles", qui contribuent à maintenir les femmes aux niveaux inférieurs de la hiérarchie professionnelle. Ce phénomène a été baptisé « plafond de verre ». L’asymétrie des profils professionnels entre hommes et femmes est interrogée à partir d’une approche constructiviste multidisciplinaire profitant des contributions conjointes de l’histoire, de la philosophie, de la sociologie et de la psychologie sociale. L'introduction théorique propose une réflexion sur les déterminants historiques et psychosociaux de l’asymétrie du masculin et du féminin dans leurs rapports au pouvoir et au travail. Les théories des Représentations Sociales (Moscovici, 1961), de l'Identité Sociale (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) serviront de cadre conceptuel à l’ensemble du travail. Les antécédents psychosociaux du « plafond de verre » sont étudiés au travers d’une série de 6 études. La première explore le vécu et les représentations des femmes évoluant dans un contexte professionnel masculin tel que la politique et montre l’existence chez elles d’une tension entre les normes instrumentales en vigueur dans ce contexte et l’approche relationnelle qu’elles voudraient promouvoir. La deuxième et la troisième études explorent respectivement les représentations sociales de l’« emploi idéal pour soi » et de la « réussite » chez des jeunes universitaires (garçons et filles) en partant du présupposé qu’afin de mieux comprendre les stratégies différenciées de mobilité ascendante chez les deux sexes, il est important d’interroger les représentations sociales liées à la sphère professionnelle que les uns et les autres possèdent avant d’y être intégré-e-s. Enfin, trois études empiriques testent l’hypothèse générale selon laquelle la sous-représentation des femmes aux niveaux supérieurs de la hiérarchie sociale pourrait résulter des discordances qui existent entre, d’une part, les normes de genre endossées par les individus (i.e. féminine vs. masculine) ainsi que le niveau d’identification au genre et, d’autre part, les normes sous-tendant la culture des organisations. Les résultats suggèrent l’existence d’une telle incompatibilité normative et de son impact potentiel sur les stratégies de mobilité ascendante./Adopting a constructivist and multidisciplinary perspective, the present dissertation questions the “hidden obstacles” contributing to maintain women in the lower positions of the professional ladder, a phenomenon called “glass ceiling”. Framing our work in the social representations theory (Moscovici, 1961) and the social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986), we address the asymmetry in men’s and wome’s careers trough 6 study. Study 1 explores the representations of Belgian politician women with regard to their personal professional experiences and their relation to the normatively masculine political functioning. Furthermore, a second set of studies starts from the idea that, in order to understand women’s and men’s professional mobility strategies, we have to take social representations related to the professional domain into account. Hence, study 2 and 3 explore respectively the social representations of « an own ideal job » and of « a successful life » amongst young students of both sexes. Finally, studies 4, 5, and 6 test the general hypothesis that the lack of women in positions of power could be partially due to the incongruence between potentially conflicting social norms. Namely, while work settings seem to induce a social norm favoring instrumental social orientations, women socialization is still characterized by the existence of prescriptions about relational orientations. Results suggest the existence of this normative inconsistency together with its potential impact on women’s professional mobility strategies.Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
50
Tanis-Plant, Suzette. "La Voix cinématographique : échos et résonances dans les premiers films de Julie Dash et Trinh T. Minh-ha." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30035.
Full textAbstract:
Les théoriciens de la voix cinématographique, tels Michel Chion, Rick Altman, Mary Ann Doane et Kaja Silverman, évitent une réflexion sur l’expression des rapports de sexe en relation avec l’appartenance raciale ou la question postcoloniale. Au contraire, l’afro-américaine Julie Dash et la vietnamo-américaine Trinh T. Minh-ha se servent de la « caméra-stylo » afin de déconstruire le paradigme dominant de la voix selon lequel l’image serait source de la voix. Les films, Illusions et Daughters of the Dust de Dash, et Reassemblage, Naked Spaces et Surname Viet Given Name Nam de Trinh, désignent l’épistémologie comme un enjeu : les hommes blancs se servent de ce levier que constitue la fabrique de la voix pour investir le lieu du savoir. Ce faisant, ces deux cinéastes contemporaines élaborent un paradigme féministe. La voix masculine transcendante est remplacée par la voix immanente et polyphonique des femmes de couleur. Dash expose les techniques cinématographiques vocales et pratique un montage qui établit une vraisemblance avec la réalité. Nous sommes enveloppés par les voix de ses personnages. Trinh nous fait comprendre « l’architecture » du langage vocal cinématographique et opère un montage qui suspend la continuité. Elle nous incite à en découdre avec des éléments disparates. À travers certains procédés (voix synchronisée/voix désynchronisée par exemple), les femmes portent témoignage de la violence des hommes. Elles révèlent que la justice de la loi du Père est aussi illusoire que la voix cinématographique. D’objet épistémologique, la voix des femmes de couleur devient outil politique : elle détient la promesse de changer les mentalités et de fait, les lois de la citéThe theoreticians of the cinematic voice, such as Michel Chion, Mary Ann Doane and Kaja Silverman, do not address vocal representation as an issue of gender and its relationship to race and postcolonialism. To the contrary, two contemporary filmmakers, Julie Dash and Trinh T. Minh-ha, use their “caméra-stylo” to deconstruct the dominant paradigm of the voice which has spectators believe that the image is at the source of the voices they hear. The films, Illusions and Daughters of the Dust by Dash, and Reassemblage, Naked Spaces and Surname Viet Given Name Nam by Trinh, show us how the cinematic voice is a construction. The stakes are high: white men use this vocal illusion as a lever to impose control over the world of epistemology. As an alternative, Dash and Trinh propose a feminist paradigm. The transcendent masculine voice is replaced by the immanent and polyphonic voices of women of color. Dash reveals the cinematic techniques of vocal reproduction, and she practices a classical editing that reaches for fidelity. The voices of her characters envelope the spectators. Trinh brings to the screen an understanding of the “architecture” of cinematic language, and her editing techniques suspend continuity. The spectator’s own voice must continually intervene in the construction of meaning. Through various techniques (synchronized/a-synchronized voice), the women characters come forward to witness the violence of men. Their stories reveal that the justice of the Law of the Father is as much an illusion as the cinematic voice. Women of color therefore take up the voice as a political tool: it holds the promise of changing mentalities and, in turn, the laws of city