Academic literature on the topic 'Women scientists Employment Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Women scientists Employment Australia"
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Ridley, A. M. "The role of applied science in helping farmers to make decisions about environmental sustainability." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 10 (2004): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03123.
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Decision making about environmental sustainability is complex, involving both factual and value-based judgements by farmers. Some of the factors involved in making these decisions, such as the financial implications and riskiness, the urgency of the problem, ease of implementation and trialling and compatibility have been addressed elsewhere. The current paper discusses a number of less-explored issues involved in this type of decision making, including the need for multiple sources of knowledge such as farmers’ values and goals, an understanding of social and demographic issues, and consideration of the catchment or landscape context in which farmers live. It highlights scientific knowledge as only one of these knowledge sources, with other sources also needed in complex decision making. Evidence from a Western Australian case study suggests that there has been a shift in farmers’ values over the past few decades and that there is now a greater responsiveness to management solutions which include environmental considerations, even among the 40% of farmers driven primarily by monetary goals. Changing social conditions, particularly the roles of women on farms and of off-farm income, suggest greater potential for the incorporation of environmental considerations into farm management. However, demographic issues, particularly issues such as limited employment opportunities, the declining provision of services in areas dominated by an agricultural economy, and the trend of increasing privatisation of extension services, suggest that there remains potential for greater environmental exploitation in some areas. The role of scientists in helping farmers to address environmental sustainability is discussed, with an acknowledgment that there are insufficient scientists with the required skills available. Scientists need to work in teams with local people to develop a sufficient depth of understanding to translate abstract research findings into solutions that are relevant at the farm level. Highly participatory approaches (which empower farmers rather merely inform them) can help scientists to understand farmers’ needs and motivations, but involve losing control of highly focused research agendas. Environmental Management Systems are one way in which scientific research and group learning can help empower farmers to understand and make better decisions about the environment.
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Jones, Evan. "The Employment of German Scientists in Australia after World War II." Prometheus 20, no. 4 (December 2002): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0810902021000023327.
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Prenzler, Tim. "Equal Employment Opportunity and Policewomen in Australia*." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 28, no. 3 (December 1995): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589502800302.
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Limited statistics make for difficulties in producing a clear picture of the impact of equal employment opportunity policies in Australian police services. Available figures indicate that pre-entry physical ability tests are a significant source of attrition of aspiring policewomen. Women also appear to be disproportionately more likely to separate as a result of maternal obligations, and report higher incidents of sexual harassment and sex discrimination in promotion and deployment. Considering the historical marginalisation of women in policing, Australian police services have made large steps forward in reducing discrimination in a relatively short period of time. Improvements can nonetheless be made in making policing a more viable career option for women, and recruiting appears to be the main area where proactive measures are needed.
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Shevchenko, Irina O. "EMPLOYMENT IN SCIENCE: GENDER CONTEXT." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, no. 1 (2021): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2021-1-218-230.
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The article considers the position of men and women researchers in the labor market in the precarization context. It is revealed that from the viewpoint of formal signs of the work precarity, researchers are in a safe situation. Most of them work under an indefinite contract, having a set of social guarantees secured by the Labor Code, and rarely change jobs. But the social well-being of scientists indicates that the formal description of the situation is at odds with reality. Gender context of science is the following: there are fewer women than men among researchers; there are more men among those holding the academic degrees of doctors, so men occupy positions more preferable in terms of status than women; the average salary of male scientists is higher than the female; men have more opportunities to influence decision-making in their organization. Gender asymmetry in the scientific field persists in Russia.
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Bryson, Lois. "The Women's Health Australia Project and Policy Development." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 3 (1998): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98031.
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The Women's Health Australia (WHA) project plans to follow the health of a national sample of around 42,000 women who, in 1996, were in the age cohorts 18-22, 45-49 and 70-74. The multi-disciplinary research team adopts a social approach to health, focuses on biological, psychological, social and lifestyle factors and their relationship to physical health and emotional wellbeing, and is examining the use of, and satisfaction with, health care services. Base-line survey data highlight diversity and the need for health policy to tailor communications to the different age groups. In terms of general wellbeing and service appropriateness, the young are the most problematic, the mid cohort next, while older women indicate fewest problems. Young women experience the highest levels of stress, often suffer from tiredness and are over-concerned with their weight and shape. They are also most dissatisfied with GP services. Issues of employment and health are also central. In general employment is associated with good health, but strains are evident when there are family commitments. As employment becomes increasingly normalised for women, health policy must be mindful of these effects and the significant difficulties faced by a small group of women whose health precludes employment.
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Hahn, Markus H., Duncan McVicar, and Mark Wooden. "Is casual employment in Australia bad for workers’ health?" Occupational and Environmental Medicine 78, no. 1 (October 8, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106568.
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ObjectivesThis paper assessed the impact of working in casual employment, compared with permanent employment, on eight health attributes that make up the 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey, separately by sex. The mental health impacts of casual jobs with irregular hours over which the worker reports limited control were also investigated.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, over the period 2001–2018, were used to investigate the relationship between the eight SF-36 subscales and workers’ employment contract type. Individual, household and job characteristic confounders were included in dynamic panel data regression models with correlated random effects.ResultsFor both men and women, health outcomes for casual workers were no worse than for permanent workers for any of the eight SF-36 health attributes. For some health attributes, scores for casual workers were higher (ie, better) than for permanent workers (role physical: men: β=1.15, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.20, women: β=1.79, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.80; bodily pain: women: β=0.90, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.54; vitality: women: β=0.65, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.18; social functioning: men: β=1.00, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.73); role emotional: men: β=1.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.89, women: β=1.24, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.24). Among women (but not men), mental health and role emotional scores were lower for irregular casual workers than for regular permanent workers but not statistically significantly so.ConclusionsThis study found no evidence that casual employment in Australia is detrimental to self-assessed worker health.
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Dallimore, Liz. "Teaching the scientists of tomorrow." Biochemist 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02402032.
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Since arriving in the UK as a young scientist from Australia, I have discovered that many of the attitudes and problems associated with science education are common to both countries. Government teachers and academic staff of both countries campaign to entice more young people, particularly women, to choose a career within science. Science appears to be a more prominent part of the curriculum in Australia at the equivalent of GCSE and AS/A2 levels. However, my perception is that students tend to see it as a stepping stone to university courses in other disciplines (e.g. medicine, dentistry and physiotherapy) and have little perception of the career opportunities open to graduate scientists.
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Hall, Richard, Bill Harley, and Gillian Whitehouse. "Contingent Work and Gender in Australia: Evidence from the 1995 Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey." Economic and Labour Relations Review 9, no. 1 (June 1998): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469800900103.
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The decreasing prevalence of the standard model of employment embodied by the ‘typical male full-time employee on a permanent contract’ can be seen both as risking the erosion of hard won labour rights and as offering the potential for a more flexible, less ‘male’ model. This paper addresses some of the ways in which this tension is played out, drawing on data from the 1995 Australian Workplace Industrial Relations (AWIRS95) Employee Survey to examine the implications for women workers of recent trends in contingent employment in Australia. Our analysis suggests that the growth in contingent employment in Australia has had little positive impact on women's experience of work. We conclude that if the disadvantage faced by women in irregular employment is to be countered, greater regulation of such employment is required. However, key features of the Workplace
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Laß, Inga, and Mark Wooden. "Temporary employment and work‐life balance in Australia." Journal of Family Research 32, no. 2 (September 9, 2020): 214–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-357.
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While it is often believed that temporary forms of employment, such as fixed-term contracts, casual work and temporary agency work, provide workers with more flexibility to balance work and private commitments, convincing empirical evidence on this issue is still scarce. This paper investigates the association between temporary employment and work-life balance in Australia, using longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey for the period 2001 to 2017. In contrast to previous studies, we compare results from pooled cross-sectional and fixed-effects regressions to investigate the role of time-constant unobserved worker characteristics in linking temporary employment and work-life outcomes. The results show that, after accounting for job characteristics and person-specific fixed-effects, among women only casual employment is unequivocally associated with better work-life outcomes than permanent employment. For men, we mostly find negative associations between all forms of temporary employment and work-life outcomes, but the magnitudes of these associations are much smaller and mostly insignificant in fixed-effects models. This result suggests that male temporary employees have stable unobserved traits that are connected to poorer work-life balance.
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Kim, Myung-Hui, Suk Bong Choi, and Seung-Wan Kang. "Women scientists' workplace and parenting role identities: A polynomial analysis of congruence." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, no. 1 (February 7, 2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.5699.
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We empirically examined the congruence effect of work- and parenting-role identities on women scientists' perception of organizational support. With the assistance of the staff of the Center for Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology in South Korea, we obtained data from 215 women employed as scientists by responses to a survey. The results of polynomial regressions showed a positive congruence effect of their employment and parenting role identities on perceived organizational support (POS); the more closely aligned the two identities were, that is, the higher the level of congruence of the role identities, the stronger was the POS. These findings highlight the pivotal role played by the balance between workand parenting-role identities in promoting a positive attitude in the workplace among women scientists. The theoretical and practical implications and limitations are also discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women scientists Employment Australia"
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Karceski, Julie Wilkins Lee. "Smart, sultry and surly a textual analysis of the portrayal of women scientists in film, 1962 - 2005 /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6663.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 10, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Lee Wilkins. Includes bibliographical references.
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Stella, Leonie C. "Trawling deeper seas: the gendered production of seafood in Western Australia." Thesis, Stella, Leonie C. (1998) Trawling deeper seas: the gendered production of seafood in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/346/.
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This thesis explores the sexual division of labour in three worksites associated with the Western Australian Fishing industry: fishers' households, a seafood processing company and fishing vessels. There has been no previous substantial study of the labour of women in Australian fishing industries.
My research has been primarily undertaken by interviewing women and men who work in the Western Australian fishing industry, and my findings are presented through a comparison with overseas literature relative to each site.
As I found, in the households of fishermen, women do unpaid and undervalued labour which includes servicing men and children; managing household finances and operating fishing enterprises. In seafood processing companies women are allocated the lowest paid and least rewarding work which is regarded as women's work. On-the factory floor issues of class, race/ ethnicity and gender intersect so that the majority of women employed in hands-on processing work are migrant women from a non-English speaking background. The majority of women who work at sea are cook/ deckhands who are confronted by a rigid sexual division of labour, and work in a hyper-masculine workplace.
The few other women who have found a niche which enables them to enjoy an outdoor lifestyle while they earn their own living, are those who work as autonomous independent small boat fishers. In each site there is evidence that women, individually and collectively, exercise some power in determining how and where they work, but they remain marginalised from the more lucrative sites of the industry, and have limited access to economic and social power.
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Stella, Leonie C. "Trawling Deeper Seas: the Gendered Production of Seafood in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 1998. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040913.155811.
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This thesis explores the sexual division of labour in three worksites associated with the Western Australian Fishing industry: fishers' households, a seafood processing company and fishing vessels. There has been no previous substantial study of the labour of women in Australian fishing industries.
My research has been primarily undertaken by interviewing women and men who work in the Western Australian fishing industry, and my findings are presented through a comparison with overseas literature relative to each site.
As I found, in the households of fishermen, women do unpaid and undervalued labour which includes servicing men and children; managing household finances and operating fishing enterprises. In seafood processing companies women are allocated the lowest paid and least rewarding work which is regarded as "women's work". On-the factory floor issues of class, race/ ethnicity and gender intersect so that the majority of women employed in hands-on processing work are migrant women froma non-English speaking background. The majority of women who work at sea are cook/ deckhands who are confronted by a rigid sexual division of labour, and work in a hyper-masculine workplace.
The few other women who have found a niche which enables them to enjoy an outdoor lifestyle while they earn their own living, are those who work as autonomous independent small boat fishers. In each site there is evidence that women, individually and collectively, exercise some power in determining how and where they work, but they remain marginalised from the more lucrative sites of the industry, and have limited access to economic and social power.
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Byrne, Margaret Mary, and University of Western Sydney. "Workplace meetings and the silencing of women : an investigation of women and men's different communication styles and how these influence perceptions of leadership capability within Australian organisations." THESIS_XXX_XXX_Byrne_M.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/667.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the distribution and function of talk in workplace meetings contributes to differential outcomes for women and men in Australian organisations. This study explores how patterns of male advantage and female disadvantage are reproduced in workplace meetings through the different communication styles which tend to be employed by men and women, and through the way that these different performances are judged. Workplace meetings emerge as a critical site where leadership potential is identified yet, it is argued, men and women do not meet as equals when they meet at work. The thesis includes an evaluation of the current literature on women's and men's communication styles, and the findings of the present study are discussed in terms of the extent to which they correlate with or diverge from existing views. The implications for social change are explored and recommendations provided for the consideration of organisations seeking to broaden the pool of talent from which future leaders are drawn.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Stella, Leonie. "Trawling deeper seas : the gendered production of seafood in Western Australia /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 1998. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040913.155811.
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Hutchinson, Jacquie. "The effect of equal employment opportunity policies on the promotion of women to the position of school principal in the Western Australian government school system (1985-1991)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1992. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1136.
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The purpose of this study was to analyse and explain the effect of the introduction of equal employment opportunity policy on the Ministry of Education with reference to the promotion of women teachers to the position of principal during the period 1985 to 1991. This research represents a case study of the Western Australian government primary and secondary school system conducted through a review of relevant government and Ministry of Education policies, analysis of employment statistics and interviews with key policy actors. Four questions which directed the research sought a conceptual framework through which to analyse and explain events, policies and outcomes. The study claims that while there existed an expectation amongst women teachers that equal employment opportunity would increase the number of women principals by removing both the direct and indirect barriers that prevented their promotion, there is no evidence that this was ever the intention of either the Ministry of Education or the Western Australian State Labor government. The evidence from this study suggests that equal employment opportunity policies have continued the subordination of women in the State government school system by the subsuming of their interests by more powerful forces of an economic, administrative and political kind both internal and external to the State government school system. Whilst in the past the barriers to promotion for women were formal, direct and visible, the application of equal employment opportunity has created a cloak of invisibility to the forces that operate against the promotion of women within the State government school system. The implications of this study are firstly that unless there is some external intervention the numbers of women principals will continue to decline. Secondly until women teachers achieve political power, the likelihood of changing the current culture of the Western Australian government school system to ensure that women are promoted to the position of principal, is remote .
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Calvey, Jo. "Women's experiences of the workers' compensation system in Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/731.
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This was a phenomenological study undertaken to understand women's experience of the workers' compensation system. Eleven women were interviewed. They ranged in age from twenty-five to sixty-five years and represented diverse socio-economic and educational backgrounds. All women were from a non-indigenous background. The initial question to women was "Can you tell me what it is like to be involved in the workers' compensation system?" The narratives were analysed and interpreted using Hycner's (1985) phenomenological guidelines. Five core themes were found: negative versus positive/neutral experiences, the workplaces response and role in the process, women's experiences of payouts and tribunals, reasons why women may not claim workers' compensation, and the impact of the process on each women and their family(s). Acker's theory of 'gendered institutions' was used to understand why "many apparently gender-neutral processes are sites of gender production" (Acker, 1992b, p. 249). The experiences of the eleven women suggested that the workers' compensation system in Queensland is gendered; 'The women indicated that the workers compensation process was a disincentive to making a claim. WorkCover was viewed as siding with the employer, bureaucratic in nature and lacking values associated with empathy, sympathy and caring. Recommendations for improvements to the workers' compensation included: establish legal obligations and enforcement of occupational health and safety responsibilities to injured or ill workers; adoption of occupational health and safety values by employers; change the attitudes of employers (recognising women as breadwinners and workers are not disposable); a single case manager to advocate for injured or ill workers; recognition of mental and emotional consequences of an injury or illness provision of rehabilitation that recognises mental and emotional factors as well as the importance of family participation; greater involvement of employers and employees in the rehabilitation process; and finally, improved service delivery which involves consistency, ethics, clarity, (regarding the WorkCover process for injured workers and employers), accountability and involvement of all parties. The knowledge embedded in the interviews, expressed through core stories and themes, was essential to making women's voices visible and providing an insight into service delivery based on women's experiences and needs.
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Dougherty, Joy. "The construction of gender relations and sexuality in the printing labour process." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995.
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This thesis examines the ways in which gender relations and sexuality are constructed in workplaces within the printing industry, in order to understand how the sexual division of labour - which keeps women workers concentrated in 'unskilled', low status jobs in the bindery, and largely excluded from the male dominated printing trades - is maintained and reproduced. This study focuses on four structures of gender relations in the workplace: sexual division of labour, discrimination, power and sexuality, and explores these structures on three levels:
structure, practice and subjectivity. The study analyses the printing labour process in terms of the theoretical issues of gender, sexuality and power from a feminist
historical materialist perspective. There is a focus on the dialectical relationship between structure and subjectivity which reproduces both gendered subjectivity and structures of inequality between women and men, through the mediation of social practices and discourses operating in the printing labour process. The research process incorporates a feminist philosophy of 'research with' rather
than 'research on', which suggests research methods that explore social relations in their everyday context. In order to explore the ways in which femininity, masculinity and sexuality are constructed, and the ways in which these
constructions reproduce the sexual division of labour, the daily social practices operating in five Brisbane printing firms were observed. Two of the five case studies are of large 'hi-tech' printing firms owned and managed by men; three are of small 'low tech' printing firms owned and managed by women. In each case, the methods used are participant observation, informal conversations with workers, informal group discussions, unstructured interviews with management and representatives from the union, employer organisation and industry training
council, and documentary analysis. An historical outline of women's participation in the Australian printing industry provides a context for the case studies.
The findings from the case studies indicate that little has changed in the patterns of gender relations observed in the printing industry historically, and over the fouryear
period of this study. In the two large firms of this study, a conventional sexual division of labour was maintained, women were marginalised, underrepresented, concentrated in low-paid and low status jobs, casualised, and
generally perceived by male workers and management as inferior workers. On the other hand, in the small firms, the sexual division of labour was disrupted to
varying degrees, women were central to the organisation of work and numerically dominant, women were spread across all the trades, were not casualised, and were valued as workers.
In theoretical terms, the findings support other researchers' explanations of how gender and sexuality are socially constructed in the workplace, highlighting the
role of the technology/masculinity link in defining the feminine as nontechnological, and thus contributing to the exclusion of women from technical jobs. In addition, the findings point to the significance of the dialectical
relationship between structure and subjectivity in reproducing the structures of inequality between women and men, and highlight how this relationship is mediated by practices and discourses operating in the printing labour process. The findings also add to the theorisation of the key role of women managers in achieving sex equality in organisations. In practice, based on the small number of printing firms in this study, it appears that small firms provide the most favourable environment for women, both as
employees and managers, in terms of access to non-traditional occupations,multiskilling, recognition of prior learning and informal training, job satisfaction,
autonomy and support.
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Merkes, Monika, and monika@melbpc org au. "A longer working life for Australian women of the baby boom generation? � Women�s voices and the social policy implications of an ageing female workforce." La Trobe University. School of Public Health, 2003. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20051103.104704.
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With an increasing proportion of older people in the Australian population and increasing health and longevity, paid work after the age of 65 years may become an option or a necessity in the future. The focus of this research is on Australian women of the baby boom generation, their working futures, and the work-retirement decision. This is explored both from the viewpoint of women and from a social policy perspective. The research draws on Considine�s model of public policy, futures studies, and Beck�s concept of risk society. The research comprises three studies. Using focus group research, Study 1 explored the views of Australian women of the baby boom generation on work after the age of 65 years. Study 2 aimed to explore current thinking on the research topic in Australia and overseas. Computer-mediated communication involving an Internet website and four scenarios for the year 2020 were used for this study. Study 3 consists of the analysis of quantitative data from the Healthy Retirement Project, focusing on attitudes towards retirement, retirement plans, and the preferred and expected age of retirement. The importance of choice and a work � life balance emerged throughout the research. Women in high-status occupations were found to be more likely to be open to the option of continuing paid work beyond age 65 than women in low-status jobs. However, the women were equally likely to embrace future volunteering. The research findings suggest that policies for an ageing female workforce should be based on the values of inclusiveness, fairness, self-determination, and social justice, and address issues of workplace flexibility, equality in the workplace, recognition for unpaid community and caring work, opportunities for life-long learning, complexity and inequities of the superannuation system, and planning for retirement. Further, providing a guaranteed minimum income for all Australians should be explored as a viable alternative to the current social security system.
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Thomson, Lisa, and FRANCISandLISA@bigpond com. "Clerical Workers, Enterprise Bargaining and Preference Theory: Choice & Constraint." La Trobe University. School of Social Sciences, 2004. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20050801.172053.
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This thesis is a case study about the choices and constraints faced by women clerical workers in a labour market where they have very little autonomy in negotiating their pay and conditions of employment. On the one hand, clerical work has developed as a feminised occupation with a history of being low in status and low paid. On the other hand, it is an ideal occupation for women wanting to combine work and family across their life cycle. How these two phenomena impact upon women clerical workers ability to negotiate enterprise agreements is the subject of this thesis.
From a theoretical perspective this thesis builds upon Catherine Hakim�s preference theory which explores the choices women clerical workers� make in relation to their work and family lives. Where Hakim�s preference theory focuses on the way in which women use their agency to determine their work and life style choices, this thesis gives equal weighting to the impact of agency and the constraints imposed by external structures such as the availability of part-time work and childcare, as well as the impact of organisational culture.
The research data presented was based on face-to-face interviews with forty female clerical workers. The clerical workers ranged in age from 21 to 59 years of age. The respondents were made up of single or partnered women without family responsibilities, women juggling work and family, and women who no longer had dependent children and were approaching retirement. This thesis contends that these clerical workers are ill placed to optimise their conditions of employment under the new industrial regime of enterprise bargaining and individual contracts. Very few of the women were union members and generally they were uninformed about their rights and entitlements.
Books on the topic "Women scientists Employment Australia"
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Charles, Fox. A bibliography of women and work in Australia. [Australia]: Australian Historical Association, 1989.
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Sue, Sills, ed. The gifthorse: A critical look at equal employment opportunity in Australia. North Sydney, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1991.
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Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen im internationalen Vergleich: Eine Sekundäranalyse des ISSP 1988 für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, die USA und Australien. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1993.
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Bertrand, Ina. Crediting women: Employment of women in the television industry in Australia, 1956-1996. St. Kilda: Ina Bertrand and Women in Film and Television, 1996.
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The ice beneath my feet: My year in Antarctica. Pymble, N.S.W: HarperCollins Publishers, 2010.
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Nugent, Maria. Women's employment and professionalism in Australia: Histories, themes and places. Canberra: Australian Heritage Commission, 2002.
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Tsugawa, Akiko. Kagaku gijutsu bunʼya ni okeru tayō na jinzai tōyō ni tsuite: Josei kenkyūsha oyobi ryūgakusei no shiten kara. [Tokyo]: Monbu Kagakushō Kagaku Gijutsu Seisaku Kenkyūjo Dai 1 Chōsa Kenkyū Gurūpu, 2006.
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1940-, Wikander Ulla, Kessler-Harris Alice, and Lewis Jane, eds. Protecting women: Labor legislation in Europe, the United States, and Australia, 1880-1920. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995.
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Bruce, Scates, ed. Women at work in Australia: From the gold rushes to World War II. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
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Burton, Clare. Women's worth: Pay equity and job evaluation in Australia. Canberra: Australian Gov. Pub. Service, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Women scientists Employment Australia"
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Glover, Judith. "Women Scientists in France and the USA." In Women and Scientific Employment, 61–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333981085_4.
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Mattingly, Doreen J. "Indian Women Working in Call Centers." In Globalization, Technology Diffusion and Gender Disparity, 156–68. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0020-1.ch014.
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This chapter draws on recent (2005) interviews with 20 call center workers in the New Delhi metro area to analyze the impact of employment in international call centers for young middle-class Indian women. Providing a wide range of telephone and occasionally Internet services to customers in the US, UK, and Australia, call centers are a booming source of employment for young English-speaking Indians. Roughly half of the growing workforce is female, and the wages are high by Indian standards. Nevertheless, the need to work at night to service customers on other continents creates special hardships and complications, particularly for young women who traditionally would not be allowed to go out at night. While acknowledging the hardships and obstacles presented by the work, this chapter shows that that working in call centers changes the relationships between the young women workers and their parents. Specifically, it argues that young women working in call centers are implicitly rejecting traditional patterns of family control over daughters, and in doing so they are resisting subordination.
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Yerkes, Mara A., and Belinda Hewitt. "Part-time strategies of women and men of childbearing age in the Netherlands and Australia." In Dualisation of Part-Time Work, 265–88. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348603.003.0011.
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This chapter contributes to the dualization debate by investigating the extent to which gender unequal part-time work patterns reflect insider - outsider labour market effects (e.g. based on gender and occupational effects) by comparing the Netherlands - a country with high protection of part-time workers - with Australia - a country with minimal protection. We focus on the part-time work strategies of men and women of childbearing age, bridging dualization theory with work-family theory. We explore both the extent of dualization between men and women (how women and men differ in their part-time employment patterns) as well as possible dualization effects within part-time work, considering variation in part-time work strategies among women in both countries. Our findings suggest dualization between part-time and full-time workers exists in both countries. Crucially, we find that dualization exists within part
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Lakshmi, P., and S. Visalakshmi. "Role of Women Empowerment in Public and Corporate Leadership." In Research Anthology on Challenges for Women in Leadership Roles, 702–10. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8592-4.ch038.
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The present study attempts to highlight the social and economic benefits of leadership of Indian women based on past evidence; current trends; challenges faced and the path forward in the public and corporate arena. Women empowerment has been a vital issue that has come to limelight in the recent years. Despite numerous government schemes and policy decisions, women in India remain deprived of equal opportunities in terms of education, employment and skill development. Many social scientists have derived that economic independence plays a vital role in ensuring that women get equal opportunities in the society and thereby enjoy and benefit from their other rights. This makes women empowerment as much of an economic issue as a social one. In corporate and public life, success of policies is determined by decisions that incorporate the viewpoints of both men and women. Hence, it becomes essential to understand the nature and extent of gender equality especially in public and corporate leadership and decision making roles. The outcomes of this study from these perspectives will serve to help both sectors in narrowing the gender bias in leadership roles.
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Lakshmi, P., and S. Visalakshmi. "Role of Women Empowerment in Public and Corporate Leadership." In Handbook of Research on Women's Issues and Rights in the Developing World, 297–305. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3018-3.ch018.
Full textAbstract:
The present study attempts to highlight the social and economic benefits of leadership of Indian women based on past evidence; current trends; challenges faced and the path forward in the public and corporate arena. Women empowerment has been a vital issue that has come to limelight in the recent years. Despite numerous government schemes and policy decisions, women in India remain deprived of equal opportunities in terms of education, employment and skill development. Many social scientists have derived that economic independence plays a vital role in ensuring that women get equal opportunities in the society and thereby enjoy and benefit from their other rights. This makes women empowerment as much of an economic issue as a social one. In corporate and public life, success of policies is determined by decisions that incorporate the viewpoints of both men and women. Hence, it becomes essential to understand the nature and extent of gender equality especially in public and corporate leadership and decision making roles. The outcomes of this study from these perspectives will serve to help both sectors in narrowing the gender bias in leadership roles.
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Turner, Susan, and Annalisa Berta. "Illustrating the unknowable: Women paleoartists who drew ancient vertebrates." In The Evolution of Paleontological Art. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.1218(21).
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ABSTRACT Women have contributed to “paleoart” working in collaboration with scientists, using vertebrate fossils to reconstruct vanished worlds, and directly shaping the way humans imagine the distant past. “Backboned” animals of former times have been portrayed singly or in groups and were often set in landscape scenes. Women paleoartists in America and Europe began working in the nineteenth century often through family association, such as pioneers Orra White Hitchcock, Graceanna Lewis, and Mary Morland Buckland. Mainly using traditional two-dimensional styles, they portrayed ancient vertebrate fossils in graphite and ink drawings. Paleoartist Alice Bolingbroke Woodward introduced vibrant pen and watercolor reconstructions. Although female paleoartists were initially largely unrecognized, in the twentieth cen tury they gained notice by illustrating important books on prehistoric vertebrate life. Paid employment and college and university training increased by the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, with larger institutions providing stable jobs. The “Dinosaur Renaissance” of the late 1960s gave a boost to new paleo-artistry. Women paleo artists became more prominent in the later twentieth to twenty-first centuries with the development of new art techniques, computer-based art, and use of the internet. Increasingly, there is encouragement and support for women paleoartists through the Science, Technology, Engineering, the Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) movement.
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Roberts, Christina K. "“Petite Engineer Likes Math, Music”." In NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement, 219–32. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066202.003.0012.
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Christina Roberts explores the perception that NASA performed poorly in hiring women during the long civil rights era, arguing that that argument is based on low recruitment numbers by comparison with many other federal agencies. Others blame NASA’s poor recruitment efforts on an entrenched white male corporate culture that resisted hiring women and minorities into the early 1970s. While not denying NASA difficulties in the area, Roberts argues that what is missing from the historiography is a discussion of gender including NASA’s actual public outreach efforts for equal employment opportunity for women scientists and engineers. Roberts contends that during the late 1950s to mid-1960s NASA sought to transmit a message that women such as Nancy Grace Roman were welcome to apply and would attain professional science and engineering careers at NASA.
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Garner, Alice, and Diane Kirkby. "Conclusion." In Academic ambassadors, Pacific allies, 205–9. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526128973.003.0012.
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At the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century the Fulbright Program celebrated sixty years in Australia. There had been changes, especially in the funding arrangements, but there were also several continuities. Despite the recommendations of the 1976 Rose report that scholarships were preferably left open, they had in fact become far more targeted and there were many fewer available. The number of scholars going on exchange was significantly lower than in earlier decades. Postgraduates stayed for shorter periods to conduct specific research rather than enrol in lengthy PhDs. Indigenous scholars now had a specific award and the gender ratio of successful applicants had improved, so that between 1990 and 2009 women made up approximately 43 per cent of the total. It was even harder for humanities and social science scholars to compete against scientists and medical researchers. The AAFC board had increased in size, but was still disproportionately male, although it had increased the membership of women to three since the first woman was appointed in 1985. While two women had acted temporarily as executive directors at times of transition between appointments, Dr Tangerine Holt was the first woman to be formally appointed as executive director of the Commission, in 2011....
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Blackham, Alysia. "Hearing and Judgment." In Reforming Age Discrimination Law, 210—C6.N287. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859284.003.0006.
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Abstract This chapter critically analyses the hearing and judgment stage of the individual enforcement of age discrimination law. Focusing on empirical case studies of enforcement in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia, it draws on qualitative and quantitative content analysis of Australian case law and UK tribunal decisions on age discrimination in employment; statistics from tribunals and courts; qualitative expert interviews; and a survey of advocates, to consider doctrinal and jurisdictional hurdles to individual enforcement. It interrogates who is able to pursue a claim to hearing and judgment, and the issues that arise in advancing a claim to court. The chapter shows that age discrimination complaints are significantly less likely than all claims to be successful at hearing, and more likely to be withdrawn. It argues that barriers to claiming in a court or tribunal are disproportionately affecting women, young people, and claims that do not relate to dismissal. The chapter maps how the costs of claiming, barriers to success, and fear of adverse costs orders have undermined the individual enforcement of age discrimination law. It offers targeted reforms to address these barriers, focusing on the burden of proof, intersectionality, and the objective justification of direct age discrimination.
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Hammerton, A. James. "Migration, cosmopolitanism and ‘global citizenship’ from the 1990s." In Migrants of the British Diaspora Since the 1960s. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526116574.003.0005.
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This chapter concludes the chronological section by examining testimony of migrants from the 1990s, pointing to intensification of cosmopolitan mentalities and motivations like lifestyle enhancement. It focuses in some depth on stories of two generations of women through the separate but connected mobilities of mother and daughter, both global in outlook but deeply loyal to adopted localities. Noting that scholarship on globalisation has done little to relate the macro trends to mentalities of ordinary people, it suggests that modern migrant story-telling might shed light on how the globalising world has impacted upon wider populations as well as migrants themselves. It scrutinizes politically motivated mobility, particularly inspired by hostility to British politics and class, involving both expatriate employment, transnational marriage and serial migration; this is juxtaposed against family migration and travel seemingly devoid of political motivations but imbued with a virtual lifetime of adventure motivations. The chapter concludes with a case of a woman’s serial migration from Britain to Europe to South Africa to Australia, highlighting experiences of the ‘trailing spouse’ of an expatriate husband, of their later migration, and the impact of frequent mobility on marriage and family as well as on shifting identities.