Academic literature on the topic 'Women�s soccer'

This article presents the issues of sex discrimination, working conditions, and equal pay raised in the legal dispute between the United States Soccer Federation and the Women's National Soccer Team. The authors study the application of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Pay Act of 1963, and the implications of applying Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 to the U.S. Soccer Federation. The authors conclude by offering some observations and suggestions on the practical course of action that the US Women’s Soccer Team may consider in attempting to solve its dispute with the Federation.

Abstract Context: Researchers have indicated that female soccer players may be at greater risk of concussion compared with their male counterparts. Soccer headgear is marketed for reducing head acceleration and risk of concussion. Objective: To determine the effect of sex and soccer headgear on head impact kinematics and dynamic stabilization during soccer heading. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Forty-four college-aged soccer players (29 women, 15 men). Intervention(s): Using a head impact model, participants performed 4 soccer headers under 3 headgear conditions (control, Head Blast Soccer Band, and Full90 Select Performance Headguard). Main Outcome Measure(s): Dependent variables assessed before soccer heading were head-neck anthropometrics and isometric neck muscle strength, and those assessed during soccer headers were resultant linear head acceleration, Head Injury Criteria (HIC36), and superficial neck muscle electromyography. Statistical analyses included multivariate and univariate analyses of variance with repeated measures, independent-samples t tests, appropriate follow-up analyses of variance and post hoc t tests, and Pearson product moment correlations (α = .05). Results: Head acceleration in women was 32% and 44% greater than in men when wearing the Head Blast (21.5 g versus 16.3 g) and Full90 Select (21.8 g versus 15.2 g), respectively (P < .05). Compared with men, women exhibited 10% greater head accelerations (20.2 g versus 18.2 g) during the control condition (P = .164). Conclusions: Female soccer players exhibited greater head accelerations than their male counterparts when wearing headgear. Our results are important clinically because they indicate that soccer headgear may not be an appropriate head injury prevention tool for all athletes.

Attitudes and selected attributes of youth soccer coaches (N = 82, 18 women, 63 men, and one person who did not identify his/her gender) toward coaching a player with mild mental retardation (MMR) were assessed by Coaches’ Attitudes Toward Players With Disabilities (CAP-S) survey. Intereorrelations among 11 variables were reported. The highest were r = .72 between belief and attitude, and r = .57 between belief and intention. Results from a stepwise selection multiple regression procedure showed that as perceived soccer coaching competence increased, beliefs about coaching a player with MMR showed greater agreement. Results also indicated that, as perceived soccer coaching competence increased, attitudes and intention toward coaching a player with MMR improved. Perceived soccer coaching competence explained only a small amount of the variance for beliefs, attitudes, and intentions.

Accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DEC) are important and frequent actions in soccer. We aimed to investigate whether ACC and DEC were good indicators of the variation of training loads in elite women soccer players. Changes in the training load were monitored during two different selected weeks (considered a “low week” and a “heavy week”) during the in-season. Twelve elite soccer women playing in the French first division wore a 10-Hz Global Positioning System unit recording total distance, distance within speed ranges, sprint number, ACC, DEC, and a heart rate monitor during six soccer training sessions and rated their perceived exertion (RPE). They answered the Hooper questionnaire (sleep, stress, fatigue, DOMS) to get an insight of their subjective fitness level at the start (Hooper S) and at the end of each week (Hooper E). A countermovement jump (CMJ) was also performed once a week. During the heavy week, the training load was significantly greater than the low week when considering number of ACC >2 m·s−2 (28.2 ± 11.9 vs. 56.1 ± 10.1, p < 0.001) and number of DEC < −2 m·s−2 (31.5 ± 13.4 vs. 60.9 ± 14.4, p < 0.001). The mean heart rate percentage (HR%) (p < 0.05), RPE (p < 0.001), and Hooper E (p < 0.001) were significantly greater during the heavy week. ACC and DEC showed significant correlations with most outcomes: HR%, total distance, distance per min, sprint number, Hooper index of Hooper E, DOMS E, Fatigue E, RPE, and session RPE. We concluded that, for elite women soccer players, quantifying ACC and DEC alongside other indicators seemed to be essential for a more complete training load monitoring. Indeed, it could lead to a better understanding of the reasons why athletes get fatigued and give insight into neuromuscular, rather than only energetic, fatigue.

This study aimed to analyze the variations of fitness status, as well as test the relationships between accumulated training load and fitness changes in women soccer players. This study followed an observational analytic cohort design. Observations were conducted over 23 consecutive weeks (from the preseason to the midseason). Twenty-two women soccer players from the same first Portuguese league team (22.7 ± 5.21 years old) took part in the study. The fitness assessment included anthropometry, hip adductor and abductor strength, vertical jump, change of direction, linear speed, repeated sprint ability, and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. The training load was monitored daily using session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE). A one-way repeated ANOVA revealed no significant differences for any of the variables analyzed across the three moments of fitness assessments (p > 0.05). The t-test also revealed no differences in the training load across the moments of the season (t = 1.216; p = 0.235). No significant correlations were found between fitness levels and accumulated training load (range: r = 0.023 to −0.447; p > 0.05). This study revealed no differences in the fitness status during the analyzed season, and the fitness status had no significant relationship with accumulated training load.

Context Among US collegiate soccer players, the incidence rate and the event characteristics of hamstrings strains differ between sexes, but comparisons in the return-to-participation (RTP) time have not been reported. Objective To compare the RTP time between male and female collegiate soccer players and analyze the influence of event characteristics on the RTP time for each sex. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Data were collected from collegiate teams that voluntarily participated in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System. Patients or Other Participants Collegiate soccer athletes who sustained 507 hamstrings strains (306 men, 201 women) during the 2004 through 2009 fall seasons. Main Outcome Measure(s) Nonparametric statistics were used to evaluate RTP time differences between sexes and among categories of each event characteristic (ie, time of season, practice or competition, player position). Negative binomial regression was used to model the RTP time for each sex. All analyses were performed separately for first-time and recurrent strains. Results We found no differences in the RTP time between sexes for first-time (median: men = 7.0 days, women = 6.0 days; P = .07) or recurrent (median: men = 11 days, women = 5.5 days; P = .06) hamstrings strains. For male players with first-time strains, RTP time was increased when the strain occurred during competition or the in-season/postseason and varied depending on the division of play. Among female players with first-time strains, we found no differences in RTP time within characteristics. For male players with recurrent hamstrings strains, the RTP time was longer when the injury occurred during the in-season/postseason. Among female players with recurrent strains, RTP time was longer for forwards than for midfielders or defenders. Conclusions Although we found no differences in the RTP time after hamstrings strains in male and female collegiate soccer players, each sex had unique event characteristics that influenced RTP time.

The assessment of strength and power and the relationship of these measures to functional variables such as speed and vertical jump ability are understood poorly. This is particularly the case when dealing with a long-term preparation for a major event in a sport such as women's soccer. The results of this research suggest that a number of isoinertial speed strength measures may be sensitive to aspects of a training program and therefore be useful tools for determining the level of development of various underlying neuromuscular capacities. Further results provide a question mark about the role of maximum strength in the development of high velocity functional movements, as increases in maximum strength did not correlate to changes in measures of functional performance. An important finding from this research is the potential role of specific isoinertial speed strength parameters in the detection of neuromuscular fatigue. Time course analysis of the results in this study suggests that the use of these measures to detect fatigue warrants further investigation.

Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-05-14T19:23:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Marcela Caroline Pereira.pdf: 2110828 bytes, checksum: 3504bbe4bc8539a37e8ee85c4363123c (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T19:23:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Marcela Caroline Pereira.pdf: 2110828 bytes, checksum: 3504bbe4bc8539a37e8ee85c4363123c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o conteúdo dos textos publicados na revista Placar, sobre a seleção brasileira de futebol feminino, nos anos de Mundial (1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015) e Jogos Olímpicos (1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012), duas das principais competições desta modalidade. Para atingir os resultados, utilizaram-se os aportes teórico-metodológicos da Análise de Conteúdo, que direcionou a análise dos textos jornalísticos. Encontrou-se 58 publicações mencionando a seleção brasileira feminina, dispostas em 34 das 130 edições a que se obteve acesso. Tendo em vista o número de edições e de textos publicados ao longo dos 12 anos analisados, constatou-se a baixa frequência de publicações sobre a seleção feminina de futebol na revista Placar, comparado a outras modalidades, sobretudo, o futebol masculino. Além disso, na análise do conteúdo dos textos verificou-se que a revista fez alusões acerca de categorias como gênero, classe, raça e etnia quando tratam das jogadoras da seleção. A partir de 2004, os conteúdos passaram a enfatizar a representação da seleção brasileira de futebol feminino pelas jogadoras Marta e Cristiane, as quais são exaltadas pela revista Placar, devido à atuação das atletas na seleção e às conquistas no universo futebolístico. Por meio deste estudo, pode-se concluir que a Placar reflete em seu conteúdo as lutas das jogadoras de futebol, ao relatar as trajetórias e as dificuldades das atletas que efetivamente representaram a seleção brasileira de futebol feminino nas competições. No entanto, reforçam o preconceito em relação a elas, na medida em que comparam a outras jogadoras (modelos), as quais possuem os padrões de gênero, classe e raça normativos hegemônicos. Os termos utilizados pela revista, para referir-se as jogadoras da seleção, são essencialistas e demonstram implicitamente as estratégias de espetacularização dos corpos, as quais foram ofertadas pelo campo jornalístico e esportivo, bem como utilizadas pelas atletas na tentativa de ganhar legitimidade. Compreende-se que a baixa frequência de aparição da seleção feminina na revista resultou na invisibilidade do futebol feminino frente ao público leitor.
The objective of this study is to analyze the content of the texts, published in the magazine Placar about the Brazilian women's soccer team in World Cup years (1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015) and Olympic Games (1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012), two of the main competitions of this modality. To reach the results, the theoretical-methodological contributions of the Content Analysis were used, which directed the examination of journalistic texts. There were 58 publications mentioning the Brazilian female soccer team, arranged in 34 of the 130 editions that were accessed. Considering the number of editions and texts published during the 12 years analyzed, the low frequency of publications about the female soccer team in the magazine Placar was verified, when compared to other modalities, specially, the masculine soccer. Moreover, in the analysis of the content of the texts it was also verified that the magazine alluded about categories such as gender, class, race and ethnicity when dealing with the players of the women‟s team. From 2004, the contents emphasize the representation of the Brazilian women's soccer team by exposing Marta and Cristiane, who are exalted by the magazine, because of the performance of these athletes in the team and their individual achievements. Through this study, it is possible to conclude that Placar reflects the fight of the female players soccer when reporting trajectories and difficulties of athletes that effectively represented the Brazilian female team on competitions. However, the magazine reinforces the prejudice, in order to compare those athletes to others female players soccer (models), which represent the normative hegemonic standards of gender, class and race. The terms used by the magazine to refer to the players of the team are essentialist and demonstrate the strategies of spectacularization of the bodies which were offered by the field of journalism and sports, as well as used by the athletes in attempt to gain legitimacy. It is understood that the low frequency of appearance of women's team in the magazine resulted in the invisibility of women's football among the public.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Jose Gabriel.pdf: 1952031 bytes, checksum: 7770c62b62c6eddb06b8e7b9a035722e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The aim of this dissertation is to verify and analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the coverage news about Brazil women's national football team made in the sports section of Folha de S. Paulo newspaper between 1991 and 2011, in an attempt to unravel if underneath the publications made in this temporality existed an intention to criticize the women's game and its players. To that end, was opted for the adoption of procedures of the so called content analysis methodology, as for it provides instruments to the researchers on analysis of several types of discourses, among those, the ones found in newspapers. Through the above mentioned delimitations, it was found that over the twenty (20) years investigated, Folha de S. Paulo published six hundred and twenty-two (622) features, addressing or somehow referring to the women's team. From the analysis of these figures, it was found that the frequency of files related to the Brazilian team on the newspaper sports pages was low, with an average of 31.1 publications per year. However, when analyzing the discursive content of the reports, it was found that despite not providing great visibility, Folha de S.Paulo did not treat the women's team and its players with prejudice, lowering them in status in relation to the men's team and its players. On the contrary, its coverage was characterized by explicit and implicit exaltation of national teams and players, exerting positive influence in the structuring of an individual and social habitus, free of prejudices related to the possibilities of women in football. This aspect refutes the fourth hypothesis (4th) of this study, which conveyed the idea that concealed under the discursive content of the publications; there had been the intention of Folha de S.Paulo in criticizing women's football and its players, in so far as this sport form was socially structured as a male and masculinizing realm.
O objetivo desta dissertação é verificar e analisar quantitativamente e qualitativamente a cobertura acerca da seleção brasileira de futebol feminino realizada pelo caderno de esporte da Folha de S.Paulo, entre 1991 e 2011, intentando desvendar se subjacente as publicações efetivadas nesta temporalidade existiu a intencionalidade de criticar o futebol feminino e as suas jogadoras. Para tanto, optou-se pela adoção dos procedimentos da metodologia denominada Análise de Conteúdo, pois ela instrumentaliza os pesquisadores nas análises dos diversos tipos de discursos, dentre eles o jornalístico. Por meio das delimitações supracitadas, constatou-se que ao longo dos vinte (20) anos pesquisados, a Folha de S.Paulo publicou seiscentas e vinte e duas (622) matérias, abordando ou mencionando de alguma forma a seleção feminina. A partir da análise deste número, constatou-se que a periodicidade de matérias relacionadas à equipe brasileira nas páginas esportivas do jornal foi baixa, média de 31,1 publicações por ano. Entretanto, ao analisar o conteúdo discursivo das matérias, verificou-se que mesmo não proporcionando uma grande visibilidade, a Folha de S.Paulo não tratou a seleção feminina e as suas jogadoras de maneira preconceituosa, inferiorizando-as em relação à seleção masculina e os seus jogadores. Ao contrário, a sua cobertura caracterizou-se pela exaltação explícita e implícita das equipes nacionais e das futebolistas, influindo positivamente na estruturação de um habitus individual e social ausente de preconceitos relacionados às possibilidades das mulheres no futebol. Este aspecto refuta a quarta hipótese (4a H) desta pesquisa, a qual externou a ideia de que subjacente ao conteúdo discursivo das publicações havia a intencionalidade da Folha de S.Paulo em criticar o futebol feminino e as suas jogadoras, na medida em que esta modalidade foi socialmente estruturada enquanto um campo masculino e masculinizante.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
新聞研究所
101
Shi-Chih Soccer Club (SCSC), established in 2007, is the first amateur Women''s soccer team. In order to search for stage and to prove their abilities, the members of SCSC working in all parts of Taiwan in weekdays get together in weekends to join the Taiwan Ladies League. In the process of taking part in matches, SCSC used to be deficient in funds and difficult in integrating all the internal views, but the members still do their best to take into account the family, job, and studies. The career planning of most athletics in Taiwan is to become teachers or coaches, but the members of SCSC don''t think so. All of them, born in the 1970s and the 1980s, have different career planning and suggest that young women''s soccer players in Taiwan should make their career planning early and learn interdisciplinarily. What is more, some consider that the government should review the system of physical education class. As far as the future of Taiwanese women''s soccer is concerned, the interviewees in this report consider that it can strengthen the capabilities for the grassroots high school players at the beginning, and it should hurry the development of women''s Futsal.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
運動競技學系
105
Scoring goals is a key factor in winning soccer matches. In order to score goals, attacking players needs to constantly create shooting opportunities. Shooting opportunities can be broadly divided into team tactics, individual dribbling skills, and dead ball situations. A successful offensive tactics can create opportunities to score goals but must have appropriate shooting techniques to score. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of different offensive tactics and shooting techniques on scoring in the highest level of women’s soccer, the National Women’s Soccer League. Method: The last offensive tactics before shooting, the game time of shooting, the shooting techniques as well as shooting results from 91 games 1161 offensive shooting, 149 goals of 2016 NWSL were recorded by 2 female collegiate division I soccer players using Simi Scout software. Chi-square tests of goodness of fit and Chi-square tests of independence were used for statistical analyses. The statistical significant level was set to α =.05. Results: 1. There was a high association between the goal and the first 15 minutes of the overtime. 2. There were high associations between the goal and both cross passes to far-post and cross passes to near-post. 3. Breakaway shot, chip shot, and other shots had high associations with goals. 4. Central offenses were executed mainly with through passes followed by breakaway shots or chip shots, with general passes, exchange passes, or passes back followed by driven shots; side offenses were executed mainly with cross passes to near-post followed by driven shots and chip shots; side air offenses was mainly executed with side loft passes toward the penalty area followed by headshots. Conclusions: In NWSL, the highest shooting percentage was from side loft passes towards the penalty area followed by headers. Future studies should continue to analyze more and a variety of international women’s soccer games.