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1
Neves, Júlia. "Becoming a Migrant Mother: An Intersectional Approach to the Narratives of Cape Verdean Women in Portugal." Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11020055.
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Becoming a mother in the context of migration configures itself as a dynamic process of identity constitution that raises questions about citizenship, belonging, and migration policies. Furthermore, it is a process that involves a new set of maternal positions and practices that are composed through possibly conflicting cultural values. Based on the occurrence of unplanned pregnancies, this study sought to analyze the dimensions crossed by this event through an intersectional perspective of the narratives of Cape Verdean immigrant women who had children in Portugal, focusing on gender, migration, race/ethnicity. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine women, born in Cape Verde and residing in Greater Lisbon, through the Biographic-Narrative Interpretative Method (BNIM), which enabled an approach to the different dimensions that intersect in life stories of becoming an immigrant mother. Thematic analysis was chosen as an analytical tool, and the framework provided by intersectionality allows us to see the multiple identities that shape the processes of becoming a migrant mother. The results brought to light themes and issues that overlap and make motherhood more complex in the context of migration, highlighting and reinforcing the conditions of inequality.
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Lorentzen, Catherine Anne Nicole, and Berit Viken. "Immigrant women, nature and mental health." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 16, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-11-2019-0089.
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Purpose There is a need for cost-effective strategies to counteract mental health challenges among immigrant women. This study aims to identify how nature might improve the mental health status of immigrant women residing in Norway. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data were gathered through individual interviews with 14 immigrant women from Iran (2), Poland (2), Palestine, Afghanistan, Congo, Kenya, Thailand, Russia, Portugal, Latvia, Colombia and Bulgaria. Findings The qualitative content analysis revealed that interaction with nature positively influenced the immigrant women’s mental health. This occurred because of the following: exposure to nature itself, leading to mood enhancements; familiarization with the new country’s culture, nature, climate and language, facilitating feelings of mastery, attachment and belonging; social interactions, promoting immediate well-being and future social support; interacting with nature in familiar ways, reducing feelings of alienation/loss; and physical activity, improving mood and stress-related conditions. These mental health improvements were a result of interactions with various types of natural environments. Originality/value This study supports the promotion of interaction with nature among immigrant women as part of low-cost public health work. Practitioners should consider multiple arenas for potential nature-related mental health gains.
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Khvan, M. S. "The Establishment and Development of Feminism in Portugal." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-1-13-150-163.
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This article focuses on prerequisites for the establishment of feminism in Portugal, history of main Portuguese feminist organizations and basic conditions for their functioning. This research is based on the comparative analysis of socio-political environment in Portugal and in several other states (mainly located in Western Europe) in different periods of their history. Basing on the aforementioned analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that feminism in Portugal has generally been moderate and has passed three phases in its development. These phases are in line with three waves that are basically seen as the key milestones in the history of the feminist movement around the world. The first wave lasted from the middle of the 19th century until the 1930s and was characterized by the struggle of Portuguese women for such common rights as the right to work and electoral rights. At this stage Portuguese feminism developed in line with the traditional trend. The second wave in Portugal lasted from the 1960s until the 1990s. During this period scientists working created numerous books and articles, criticising the patriarchy and the problems of women. The discussion of reproductive rights of women, problems in the family and sexual sphere was also typical for this period. The feminist theory of the third wave was developing since the 1990s and continues to develop up to the present moment. It is based on the gender approach: women assert their rights to abortion and affordable contraception, combat against oppression from men and gender-based discrimination. At the same time, the feminism of the third wave is becoming more diverse and can be characterized as intersectional. The feminist movement in Portugal triggered deep social transformations. Most of the achievements of the feminist movement today cannot be put into question. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go to achieve a change in mentality of Portuguese society, to reduce female unemployment and gender inequality at work, to combat domestic violence.
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Sequeiros, Paula. "“Holding the Dream”: Women’s Favorite Reading Matter in a Portuguese Prison." Qualitative Sociology Review 14, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 110–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.14.1.06.
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The reading practices of women, mediated by a prison library in Portugal, constituted an interesting case study. In Santa Cruz do Bispo prison, female prisoners were increasingly aged and excluded from social groups, less literate, and educated. Many were first-time library users and some were beginning readers. This research aimed to understand their reading practices and preferences, their self-assigned meanings, and the roles of reading in prison. Having become aware that industrial literature romance novels were the most requested items, a critical comparative analysis of the three most requested titles was contrasted with readers’ favorite passages to foster a deeper understanding of their preferences and sustain an integrated analysis. Furthermore, a consensualized definition of a “good read” is presented. The results from ethnography and interviews to readers and staff are analyzed taking into account class, gender, ethnicity, age, occupation, and education of the detainees. Conclusions address the fact that although the prison’s educational service and imprisonment conditions propitiated an increase in reading generally, the library was oriented by educational targets and irresponsive to certain demands expressed by readers. Secondly, women readers were using the available top-selling romance novels to sustain their introspective and prospective work, while reckoning with their past and planning for their future. In addition to this reflexive stance, escapist entertainment and knowledge building were important reading purposes.
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Gama, Ana, João Victor Rocha, Maria J. Marques, Sofia Azeredo-Lopes, Ana Rita Pedro, and Sónia Dias. "How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Migrant Populations in Lisbon, Portugal? A Study on Perceived Effects on Health and Economic Condition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031786.
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Increasing evidence on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that its social and health impacts are being disproportionately shouldered by socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, including migrants. Knowledge of how these populations are experiencing the COVID-19 crisis is scarce. We examined the effects of the pandemic on the perceived individual financial situation and health condition of migrants in Lisbon, Portugal, and described the most affected subgroups. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a diverse community-based sample of 1126 migrants. A worsening of their financial situation since the pandemic was reported by 55.6% of the participants and a worsening of their health condition by 19.9%. A worsened financial situation was most often reported by those ≥45 years old and with a lower income (<EUR 650). Likewise, a worsened health condition was most often reported by older and lower-income migrants, as well as by women and those with a lower level of education. Migration-related factors such as length of stay and migration status were not associated with worsened health conditions. Socioeconomic characteristics appear to be more important when assessing differences in perceived effects of the pandemic among migrants. The social impact of the pandemic both exacerbates economic and gender inequalities and may lead to worse health conditions within the population in the medium and long terms.
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Velhinho, Ana Rita, and Julian Perelman. "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Food Consumption: A Cross-Sectional Study in Portuguese Adults." Portuguese Journal of Public Health 39, no. 1 (2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515937.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Food is a major determinant of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Because of this, social inequalities in food consumption will likely produce social inequalities in disease and life expectancy. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study analyses the social inequalities in food consumption in Portugal and whether they differ between men and women and between younger and older people. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Following a cross-sectional observational study, we analyzed data from 11,085 individuals aged 25–64 years who participated in the 2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Logistic regression models were used to measure the association between socioeconomic conditions, i.e., education and income, and food consumption. The analysis was then stratified by sex and age. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A positive gradient for income and education was observed in the consumption of fish, cakes, natural juices, and dairy products. The consumption of legumes and soft drinks was inversely related to income and education. A socioeconomic gradient for fruits and vegetables was observed only among women and older people. Worse-off people consumed less soup, and underprivileged women consumed fewer fast-food products. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The food consumption patterns of Portuguese adults are related to their socioeconomic condition, with few variations across demographic categories.
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Santos, Ana Cristina, and Ana Lúcia Santos. "Yes, we fuck! Challenging the misfit sexual body through disabled women’s narratives." Sexualities 21, no. 3 (April 19, 2017): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460716688680.
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Southern European society has been described in sociological literature as ableist, patriarchal and male-oriented. Under such conditions, many disabled women face multiple oppressions on grounds of gender, disability, class, age, sexual orientation, ‘race’ and ethnicity. The social construction of the impaired body as passive and dependent is conducive to a process of desexualization, presenting disabled people as inadequate for a full intimate life. The dominant biomedical model reinforces this process. This article draws on selected works in feminist disability studies to argue that rather than a body which is unfit, or does not fit, the ‘misfit’ is instead a cultural failure in accommodating and cherishing diversity. The authors also suggest that the desexualization of disabled women is replicating, as well as resulting from, historical tendencies to dehumanize and infantilize women. The empirical data is drawn from a larger project ‘Disabled Intimacies? Sexual and Reproductive Citizenship of Disabled Women in Portugal’. Biographical narrative interviews with disabled women are analyzed to explore the notion of ‘misfit’ sexual bodies. Theirs are stories of counter-norms and the struggle for sexual fulfilment and recognition. The women’s discussions of sexuality point to a need to change the ways that disability and intimacy are addressed in mainstream scholarly literature, institutions and the state. Narrow, heteronormative and ableist understandings of sexual intercourse and the linear character of mainstream stories of intimacy are shown as hindering the prospect of the recognition of disabled women as sexual citizens.
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Cano-Hila, Ana Belén. "Understanding Social Inclusion in Contemporary Society: Challenges, Reflections, Limitations, and Proposals." Social Inclusion 10, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i2.5090.
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In 2015, the UN approved the 2030 agenda on sustainable development, intending to bridge—and eventually close—the gaps that divide our societies. These 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) are presented as a master plan that covers the most painful global challenges to a knowledgeable and inclusive society. In this thematic issue we look more incisively into goals no. 1 (no poverty), no. 4 (quality of education and inclusive education), no. 10 (reduced inequalities), and no. 11 (sustainable cities and communities) of the agenda. Social inequalities have drastically intensified after the 2008 financial crisis and the period of austerity that followed, especially among the poorest people and in the most vulnerable communities. Nowadays particularly, with the Covid‐19 pandemic, these gaps seem to be growing. Against this background, this thematic issue aims to capture, make visible, understand, and analyze how social actors are organizing themselves and collaborating amongst each other in order to help attenuate and satisfy dramatic emerging social needs and improve living conditions, especially among the most vulnerable social groups, in uncertain times of crisis. We focus particularly on two main thematic blocks: social inclusion axes on the one hand (formal, non‐formal, and informal education, participation, leisure time, and culture) and vulnerable groups on the other (including children, adolescents, youth, women, the elderly, people with disabilities, and migrants). Contributions to this thematic issue offer interesting conceptual, methodological, and empirical approaches to the study of social inclusion and social inclusive experiences in contemporary societies in uncertain times, particularly in Spain, Portugal, Belgium, and Brazil.
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Frade, Fátima, Lia Jacobsohn, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Rosário Martins, Regina Allande-Cussó, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, and João Frade. "Impact on the Mental and Physical Health of the Portuguese Population during the COVID-19 Confinement." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 4464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194464.
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Confinement of the population has been one of the measures implemented by different governments to address the COVID-19 health crisis, and it has led to social isolation together with a disruption of daily activities. The aim of the study is to analyze psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal. During the quarantine, a cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 2120 subjects over 18 years of age, resident and born in Portugal. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire that considered socio-demographic variables, physical symptoms, health conditions, and history of contact with COVID-19, as well as psychological alterations. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was also included. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses were performed. Predictive capacity was studied using logistic regression models. The results showed a higher percentage of individuals presenting psychological distress (57.2.0%), with a higher percentage identified among women (79.0%), and in people with a higher educational level (bachelor’s + master’s and doctorate) (75.8%). The predictor variables with the greatest weight were sex, educational level (graduation, master’s, and doctorate), living with children or under 16 years of age, presence of symptoms, and quarantine in the last 14 days for having symptoms. Good self-assessment of health and working at home appear to be protective against psychological distress. These results highlight the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological distress and provide an opportunity to consider the need to implement specific multidisciplinary public health and mental health interventions in this pandemic situation.
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Simpura, Jussi, and Thomas Karlsson. "Trends in drinking patterns among adult population in 15 European countries, 1950 to 2000: a review." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 18, no. 1_suppl (February 2001): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250101801s08.
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Jussi Simpura & Thomas Karlsson: Trends in drinking patterns among adult population in 15 European countries, 1950 to 2000: a review Under the auspices of the European Comparative Alcohol Study (ECAS), data was compiled on trends in drinking patterns from 15 European countries (EU member countries, Luxembourg excluded, and Norway) from 1950 to 2000. This review is based on existing survey data on adult population. It turned out that (a) only a few countries (Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden) have data on drinking patterns in the 1950s and 1960s, but (b) an increasing number of countries have drinking habit surveys from the 1970s and 1980s onwards (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom) and (c) in the 1990s, almost all EU member countries have conducted surveys with data on drinking patterns (France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal, while Belgium remains the only country with very little data available). The data is, however, too scarce to say anything very certain about trends and the possible homogenisation of drinking patterns. Six indicators were studied in more detail. Abstinence rates fell in the 1960s in the traditionally abstinent Northern European countries, and later among women in the Mediterranean countries. Women's share of drinking also increased in the Northern European countries in the 1970s, but not necessarily elsewhere. With decreasing alcohol consumption in the Mediterranean countries, this means that per capita alcohol consumption among women may well have decreased, too. With a few exceptions, 30 to 50-year-olds were the age group with the highest alcohol consumption. The age distribution showed no general trends. Data on the shape of the population distribution of alcohol consumption was scarce, except for a few countries where the shape did not suggest any systematic changes. Also, data on binge drinking (high intake per single occasion) was mostly scarce, and again, the findings from the few countries with sufficient data showed remarkable stability. Remarkably slow changes were also evident in specific drinking contexts. There may be some signs of slow homogenisation of drinking patterns between the 15 European countries, but the differences are still notable. The main conclusion is that changes in drinking patterns are slow, even amidst rapidly changing living conditions. The natural time scale for such changes is not a few years or even a decade, but a generation.
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Rashidpouraie, Roya, Mohammad Nader Sharifi, and Mina Rashidpouraei. "Abortion Laws and Regulations in Iran and European Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences 23, no. 5 (December 1, 2020): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jams.23.cov.6394.1.
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Background and Aim: Abortion has always posed challenges in the areas of ethics, law, religion, philosophy, and reproductive health. Some countries have had different approaches to abortion at different times. Today, abortion is a major challenge in Iran. Social developments and increasing level of health literacy, awareness and participation of women in social and economic fields have led to incompatibility of theoretical and practical aspects in these areas. Women sometimes have abortions without attention to the national law. In Iran, the reasons for legal abortion are the life-threatening conditions of the mother and the fetus. During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some countries have revised their abortion laws and regulations. In some countries, such as France and Finland, these revisions are permanent; in countries such Portugal and Norway, the changes are temporary; and in other countries such as Germany and Belgium, it is unclear whether the changes are permanent or temporary. In this study, we aim to review the abortion laws and regulations in Europe and Iran. Then, by discussing the new guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluate the effects and consequences of this pandemic on abortion. Methods & Materials: The search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as national databases such as SID, MagIran, and IranMedex on studies published from 2002 to 2020 using the following keywords:Abortion, illegal abortion, induced abortion, and COVID-19. Due to the onset of SARS-COV1 epidemic in 2002, all articles published between these two outbreaks were searched. Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles were observed in this article. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, some European countries revised the abortion laws and regulations, mostly due to realize the reproductive health right. It seems that, this revision has not yet been taken place in Iran. Conclusion: With the emergence of COVID-19, some countries had revised their abortion laws and regulations to reduce unsafe abortions. It seems that during the Covid19 pandemic, due to changes in lifestyle such as social distancing and economic and social lockdowns, it needs to revise medical laws and regulations in health-oriented and time-dependent areas (such as abortion) so that the principles of medical ethics such as beneficence and maleficent, can be applied. Having COVID-19 and consequently abortion during the pandemic is one of the most challenging issues that should be addressed in terms of ethical, jurisprudential and legal aspects. Development of regulations based on ethical principles during the COVID-19 pandemic is necessary to prevent illegal and unsafe abortions.
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Silva, Célia Taborda. "Social Movements in Contemporary Portugal." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p36-42.
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This paper focuses in transformation of Portuguese society throughout the analysis of social movements. Social movements in Portugal were changing as the evolution of society. Throughout the ages, according to circumstances of each historical period protest as changing. in the early nineteenth century, the transition from the Old Regime to Liberalism sparked riots. The protests were dominated by the peasants, motivated by the introduction of liberalism and capitalism, which have transformed the traditional way of living. The late nineteenth and early twenty centuries brought the claim of the labor movement and unionism with the consequent organization of social events, such as strikes. The industrialization of the country created a great social inequality between the factory owners and workers, the latter living in precarious conditions which led to revolt. Between 1933 and 1974 the Portuguese dictatorship dominated the political system but even the social repression prevented the existence of strikes and demonstrations due to hunger. After 1974, the country resumes freedom but political and social democratization brought much dispute motivated by the opening of society to the global world.
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Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "Women, law and legal intervention in early modern Portugal." Continuity and Change 33, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841601800022x.
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AbstractEarly modern Portuguese women had the legal right to engage in a number of official transactions, including granting and receiving sureties and powers of attorney. This was not the case for women in many other parts of western Europe, making the Portuguese example worthy of scrutiny for comparative purposes. This article looks at the unique position of women in early modern Portugal, and shows that upon close examination of the archival sources, the evidence points to a significant gap between women's legal rights and the cultural limitations that were imposed on women.
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Hellermann, Christiane. "Migrating alone: Tackling social capital? Women from Eastern Europe in Portugal." Ethnic and Racial Studies 29, no. 6 (November 2006): 1135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870600960396.
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Araújo, Rita, Felisbela Lopes, Olga Magalhães, and Carla Cerqueira. "Muted Voices: The Underrepresentation of Women in COVID-19 News in Portugal." Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11050210.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Portuguese media seemed to contribute to the symbolic annihilation of women. In spite of the fact that women play leading political roles as the Minister of Health and the Directorate-General of Health, women were almost mute in the COVID-19 news that was published in the Portuguese daily national press. In a sample of more than 6000 news sources, women account for less than 20% of them. Their lack of visibility in the news deepens the existing asymmetries of gender and amplifies the glass ceiling. The aim of this study was to analyze the media coverage of COVID-19 through a content analysis of the news that was published in two Portuguese daily newspapers with different editorial lines. Our period of analysis corresponds to the emergency-state periods (18 March to 2 May 2020; 9 November to 23 December 2020; 15 January to 28 February 2021).
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Amaral, Walter Valdevino do. "“O que nós queremos que nossas raparigas sejam”." Caderno Espaço Feminino 32, no. 1 (September 19, 2019): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/cef-v32n1-2019-6.
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Nesse trabalho analisaremos a revista Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina: boletim mensal, que circulou em Portugal entre os anos de 1939 a 1947, período marcado pelo salazarismo. Assim, discutiremos as características desse periódico, o modelo de mulher por ele propagado e o papel social que as filiadas da Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina deveriam desempenhar.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gênero. Religião. Imprensa. Portugal.
ABSTRACT
In this paper we will analyze the magazine called Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina: boletim mensal, which circulated in Portugal between the years of 1939 and 1947, a period marked by Salazarism. Thus, we will discuss the characteristics of this journal, which model of women it propagated and the social role that affiliates of the Portuguese Feminine Youth should play.
KEYWORDS: Gender. Religion. Press. Portugal.
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Gonçalves, Mariana, and Marlene Matos. "Interpersonal Violence in Immigrant Women in Portugal: An Intersectional Approach." Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 18, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2018.1557312.
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Strippoli, Giulia. "Women's Transnational Activism against Portugal's Colonial Wars." International Review of Social History 67, S30 (March 10, 2022): 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859022000037.
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AbstractThis article recovers the history of the transnational women's movement that arose during Portugal's colonial wars (1961–1974). This movement connected women in Portugal and its colonies and operated independently of the PCP, MPLA, PAIGC, and FRELIMO. Most research on women's activism in Portugal, Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Cabo Verde, and Mozambique begins with their relationships to the male-dominated organizations that operated within national frameworks. In contrast, by examining the international connections of these women's groups, this article illuminates their political activities outside national organizations led by men. It shows that women created transnational solidarity networks struggling against the Portuguese Estado Novo and the colonial wars and, in doing so, promoted their own emancipation.
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Nazaré Oliveira, Eliany, Manuelle Maria Marques Matias, Tamires Alexandre Félix, Maria Michele Bispo Cavalcante, Roberlândia Evangelista Lopes, and Félix Neto. "Brazilian women living in Portugal: work and quality of life." Saúde e Sociedade 28, no. 1 (March 2019): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902019170122.
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Abstract This article is organized around the axes migratory process, work, and quality of life. Two objectives were outlined: characterizing the socio-demographic aspects of Brazilian immigrant women in Portugal; and analyzing their situation and characteristics of work and quality of life. The study started from two working hypotheses: the first on the relation between unemployment and low quality of life; and the second on the relation between high workload and low quality of life of immigrant women. Cross-sectional study conducted from July to September 2016, in Portugal, with 682 Brazilian immigrant women over 18 years of age who lived in the country for more than 3 months. The instruments used were a socio-demographic questionnaire and the questionnaire ‘Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey’ (SF-36). The results showed a predominance of women in the age group from 18 to 38 years; married or living in a marriage-like relationship; with formal education mostly at the graduate level; with child(ren); and living in a family unit. The first study hypothesis was confirmed and the second study hypothesis was refuted.
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Gonçalves, Hermínia, Pedro Gabriel Silva, and Octávio Sacramento. "Social and Labour Market Integration of Women Benefitting from Social Inclusion Schemes: Case Studies of Northern Portugal." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 161 (December 2014): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.021.
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Maulide Cane, Réka, José Braz Chidassicua, Luís Varandas, and Isabel Craveiro. "Anemia in Pregnant Women and Children Aged 6 to 59 Months Living in Mozambique and Portugal: An Overview of Systematic Reviews." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 4685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084685.
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Introduction: Globally, anemia is still a public health issue faced by people in low and high-income countries. This study gives an overview of published scientific articles related to the prevalence, nutritional indicators, and social determinants of anemia in pregnant women and children aged 6 to 59 months living in Mozambique and Portugal. Methods: We performed a review of scientific literature in April 2021, searching for published indexed articles in the last 15 years (2003–2018) in electronic databases. Subsequently, quality assessment, data extraction, and content analysis were performed. Results: We have identified 20 relevant publications. Unsurprisingly, anemia plays a relevant role in disability and life imbalances for these subgroups in Mozambique compared with Portugal. For both countries, data on anemia and iron deficiency in pregnant women and children aged 6 to 59 months old are either outdated or remain unclear. Similarly, studies on social determinants and anemia are also still scarce. Conclusions: A gap of information on anemia, other nutritional indicators, and social determinants in pregnant women and children between 6 and 59 months of age living in Mozambique and Portugal is highly observed. More research is crucial to help achieve the goals established by the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Veloso da Veiga, Carlos, Paula Campos Pinto, and Maria Da Conceição Quinteiro. "How and where? The violence against woman with disabilities in Portugal." Revista Inter Ação 43, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 484–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ia.v43i2.54506.
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This paper addresses the issue of violence against women with disabilities in Portugal. It draws from the reports of 28 women with all types of disabilities about the ill treatment and discrimination that they experienced, over the last five years. We identified the various types of violence these women had faced (Physical, sexual, psychological, economic, institutional, bullying at work and symbolic) and the places where it occur (Public transport, family, workplace, school and training organizations, health organizations, social space in general). Dependency emerges as the key driver of the conflicts and ill treatment that generated the most serious forms of violence and the humiliations that were perpetrated against these women.
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Seabra, Teresa, and Sandra Mateus. "School achievement, social conditions and ethnicity: Immigrants’ children in basic schooling in Portugal." Portugese Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 17, 2011): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pjss.10.1.73_1.
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Almeida, Ligia Moreira, and Jose Peixoto Caldas. "Migration and maternal health: experiences of brazilian women in Portugal." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 13, no. 4 (December 2013): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-38292013000400003.
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OBJECTIVES: to characterize maternal and neonatal healthcare provided to Brazilian population, assessing key factors: access, use and quality of care received during this period. The goal was to assess possible differences regarding women's perceptions regarding the quality and appropriateness of care received, providing qualitative information, as part of a holistic perspective. METHODS: the present study adopted a qualitative methodology (semi-structured interviews) for collecting and analyzing data. Possible differences in women's perceptions regarding the quality and appropriateness of care received were assessed, providing qualitative information, as part of a holistic perspective. The present study was based on privileged information obtained from Brazilian women, residing in the metropolitan area of Porto, regardless of their legal status. RESULTS: a certain dissatisfaction emerged among Brazilian women regarding the quality of information provided by health professionals, the communications skills of these professionals, in addition to a perception of reduced access to medical specialties, especially in primary care. Misinformation about legal rights and inappropriate clarification during medical appointments were frequently reported and interacted with social determinants to result in poorer medical care. CONCLUSIONS: special attention should be given to the specific needs and understanding of immigrants during pregnancy and motherhood in order to improve healthcare. New challenges tend to lie not only in ensuring access, but mostly in promoting equity, as away of providing high-quality care for all.
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Pais, José Machado. "Mothers, whores and spells: Tradition and change in Portuguese sexuality." Ethnography 12, no. 4 (November 25, 2011): 445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138110393790.
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This article presents a case study looking at the social upheavals generated by the presence of young Brazilian women in a town in northern Portugal (Bragança) with strong traditionalist traits. Due to their situation as prostitutes, seducers and immigrants, these women were regarded as disturbing the social order. A number of women of the town, calling themselves the Mothers of Bragança, organized themselves into a social movement to drive the Brazilian women out of the town, accusing them of bewitching their husbands with charms and magic. Focusing on issues of social change, the research takes up the challenge of interpreting the mothers’ movement, the stereotypes associated with this movement and the Brazilian incomers, and also certain dilemmas of masculinity.
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Santos, Cláudia Priscila C. dos, Tatiane Valduga, and Jorge Ferreira. "Social work in the web of social protection: Contexts and alternatives." International Social Work 63, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818788924.
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In the context of research in the field of social work, we have carried out an analysis on the relationship between two social policy measures intended to promote the social well-being of its beneficiaries in Portugal. Through a deductive methodology, the results show the impact of the adopted measures aimed at reducing spending on social policies. Conclusions highlight that social workers can collaborate with alternative social responses in an evidence-based manner, enhancing practice, namely, regarding competencies for the realisation of social diagnosis within the context of peoples’ living conditions in order to promote access of citizens to social support.
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Wall, Karin, and Cátia Nunes. "Immigration, Welfare and Care in Portugal: Mapping the New Plurality of Female Migration Trajectories." Social Policy and Society 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746410000114.
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The role of migrant women as domestic and care workers is a main characteristic of the feminisation of migration to southern Europe. This article aims to understand how and why current patterns of female migration to Portugal are a key element, driving increased flows of domestic workers. The article focuses first on the path followed by Portugal in the fields of immigration, employment, welfare-state developments and care arrangements, and then presents results of a qualitative study on Brazilian immigrant women. Findings show that the new plurality of female migration trajectories is an important factor in explaining the rapid integration of immigrant women in the domestic sector. This does not mean, however, that a predominant ‘migrant in the family’ care model has emerged in Portugal. In contrast with other southern European countries, different policy perspectives and outcomes over the last three decades have made for a more diversified care model. National contexts in southern European countries must therefore be taken into account, since they provide particular conditions for the main forms and features of migrant domestic work.
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Pérez-Moreno, Lucía C., and Patrícia Santos Pedrosa. "Women Architects on the Road to an Egalitarian Profession—The Portuguese and Spanish Cases." Arts 9, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9010040.
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The 1970s was a key decade in the path towards democracy in the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal and Spain suffered deep social, cultural and political changes, with Salazar’s and Franco’s Totalitarian Regimes ending in 1974 and 1975 respectively. In both countries, located side-by-side in the Western end of Southern Europe, democracy was finally established, marking a turning point in the liberties of all Iberian citizens, but especially in regard to women’s life and work. As the Editorial of the Special Issue ‘Becoming a Gender Equity Democracy: Women and Architecture Practice in Spain and Portugal’, this text aims to briefly present this panorama to appreciate the particularities of Portugal and Spain in relation with the delay incorporation of women to the architecture profession. It explains the gender stereotypes of Salazar’s and Franco’s Regime in order to understand the discrimination against women that they produced and how it maintained women far from the architecture profession. Therefore, it provides useful data on the incorporation of women into architectural studies in order to understand the feminization of this gendered profession in both countries. This Special Issue aims to create an opportunity for researchers and scholars to present discussions and ongoing research on how democracy affected women that wanted to practice architecture as well as architectural analysis of women architects.
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CORREIA, HAMILTON R. "HIGHER MALE EDUCATIONAL HYPERGAMY: EVIDENCE FROM PORTUGAL." Journal of Biosocial Science 35, no. 2 (April 2003): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003003031.
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Studies of human mate choice have been based almost exclusively on stated preferences and personal advertisements, and the external validity of such studies has therefore been questioned. In the present study, reallife matings based on a large representative sample of newly wed couples in 1998 (n=66,598) were analysed according to educational assortative mating. The results demonstrate a strong educational homogamy in this national Portuguese sample. However, men tend to marry women who are slightly more educated than themselves. The results are compared with those of a modern society (US, 1940–87) and a traditional society (Kipsigis, 1952–91). Since educational attainment is strongly associated with social status and intelligence, these results are discussed in an evolutionary perspective.
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Gonçalves, Mariana, and Marlene Matos. "Mental health of multiple victimized immigrant women in Portugal: Does resilience make a difference?" Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 30, no. 3 (January 8, 2020): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2019.1685423.
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Santos, Maria Helena, Núria Romão, and Carla Cerqueira. "Gender, Class, and Ethnicity: Perspectives of White Portuguese and Black African Women on Labor Dynamics in the Cleaning Sector." Social Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12010020.
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This study focuses on cleaning services in Lisbon, Portugal, to understand the dynamics of operating in this feminine context, mostly employing women of African origin. From a qualitative and intersectional perspective, the study encompasses 17 semi-structured individual interviews with women working in these services, nine of African origin (Black) and eight of Portuguese origin (White) between 29 and 66 years of age. The thematic analysis returned five themes portraying the specificities associated with women carrying out their activities in a context of low social status, particularly for Black women. Although we verified some of the negative consequences associated with tokenism, the intersections of gender, class, and race/ethnicity generated dynamics that also contradict this phenomenon.
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Neto, Felix. "CONFORMITY AND INDEPENDENCE REVISITED." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 23, no. 3 (January 1, 1995): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1995.23.3.217.
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This study aimed at investigating whether conformity in the experimental setting suggested by Asch was particularly related to American culture and less likely to be replicable elsewhere - e. g. in Portugal - as has been suggested more recently. Thus, Asch's classic conformity and independence experiment was replicated, using women psychology students in a Portuguese university as minority of one, unanimous majority group, and control Ss. The original procedure was re-enacted as similarly as possible using a computer program. Among “critical” Ss 59% conformed at least once, 28% yielded three to twelve times. Among control Ss 27% erred at least once, 3.3% made more than three errors. These differences between critical and control Ss were significant. Thus, recent university students in Portugal showed that the degree of conformity to a unanimous peer-group opinion remains observable. They reported considerable distress under the group pressure.
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Abade, Augusto, and Jaume Bertranpetit. "Birth, marriage and death in illegitimacy: a study in northern Portugal." Journal of Biosocial Science 27, no. 4 (October 1995): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000023051.
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SummaryIn populations in which the frequency of illegitimacy is high, illegitimates and legitimates may be subjected to different demographic and social pressures, with social and genetic consequences. A rural population from north-east Portugal is studied and variables from birth, marriage and death records are compared according to the legitimacy of the individuals. The analysis shows important differential demographic patterns in infant and child mortality and in migration prior to and related to marriage, especially in women. Some changes over time and gender differences are also evident.
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Flick, Uwe. "The social construction of individual and public health: contributions of social representations theory to a social science of health." Social Science Information 37, no. 4 (December 1998): 639–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901898037004005.
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The relevance of the theory of social representations to public health and a social science of health is discussed. Central issues for a social science of health (theory development, quality assessment, supply of appropriate methods and critical reflections on developments) are outlined for different levels: individual, single institution, community, society and professionalization of public health. Results of comparative studies of health conceptions are reported (different professional groups in Germany, women in Germany and Portugal), as well as analyses of institutions and communities. It is suggested that weaknesses in epidemiological research can be overcome by the development of an epidemiology of representations, resources and risks. The possible contributions of social psychology to the study of the professionalization of public health and its effects are discussed. These examples illustrate how both individual and public health are subjects of social constructive processes.
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Neves, Rosiane. "Novas perspetivas: Moda & envelhecimento." Todas as Artes Revista Luso-Brasileira de Artes e Cultura 3, no. 2 (2020): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21843805/tav3n2a7.
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: The present essay intends to make known the social representations of women in old age in the fashion world, with the purpose of understanding this social phenomenon little investigated and of great social relevance. For this study we used a qualitative approach, with sampling of multiple cases, in the Porto Metropolitan Area and of interviewees in Lisbon - Portugal, with the participation of 14 women: elderly women over 65 (consumers) and fashion professionals (fashion design, shopkeeper, dressmaker, social events company) of notorious social recognition. The interviews were conducted based on a semi-structured script, in order to capture the social representations of elderly women and the contribution of fashion professionals in the face of the phenomenon studied. The work includes the following approaches: socio-historical aspects about fashion; the space of women in old age in the fashion world; theoretical assumptions about aging and fashion; methodology used; and, finally, the narratives of women in old age in the Portuguese context. Although elderly women do not understand the phenomenon of fashion in aging, they point out their social representations about fashion in this age group.
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Teixeira, Ana Lúcia, Dalila Cerejo, Maria do Rosário Rosa, and Manuel Lisboa. "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lives of Women with Different Socioeconomic Backgrounds and Victimization Experiences in Portugal." Social Sciences 11, no. 6 (June 12, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060258.
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The heavy economic, social, and psychological toll of pandemic lockdowns around the world and their disproportionate effect on women are widely acknowledged, but different socioeconomic backgrounds and contexts may influence the degree to which stay-at-home measures impact their lives. Additionally, knowing that violence against women tends to increase during times of crisis, we are testing if the additional burden of victimization represents an added load to the perceived social impacts of the lockdown. Using 2021 survey data from a random sample of 1541 Portuguese women, the paper explores, through logistic regression models, the social impact of the lockdown on the lives of women, its socioeconomic determinants, and the role played by violence against women during the pandemic. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown did not equally affect all facets of women’s social lives, and women with higher education status and that experienced income reductions due to the measures taken to control the pandemic are more prone to experience a more severe negative impact of the lockdown on the various facets of their lives. Additionally, having been a victim during the pandemic partially mediates the effect of education and income reduction on the social outcomes of the lockdown.
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Baptista, Carla, and Marisa Torres da Silva. "Media diversity in Portugal: political framework and current challenges." Media & Jornalismo 17, no. 31 (November 16, 2017): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-5462_31_1.
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This article addresses the current “state of the art” in Portuguese media diversity policy, focusing on the social inclusiveness domain within public service media. The indicators assess regulatory and policy safeguards for community media, access to media by minorities, local and regional communities, women and people with disabilities, as well as the country’s media literacy environment. Although the majority of these in dicators have legal safeguards or benefit from specific policies, we concluded there is still considerable work to be done, particularly in the realms of media literacy and the representation of minority groups and women in the media. This article results from an on-going research, gathering data and literature review from the following projects: Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) project, implemented by the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) at the European University Institute and funded by the European Commission; and DIVinTV - Public Television and Cultural Diversity in Portugal, funded by FCT.
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Pereira, S., A. M. Ramos, J. L. Zêzere, R. M. Trigo, and J. M. Vaquero. "Spatial impact and triggering conditions of the exceptional hydro-geomorphological event of December 1909 in Iberia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 5, 2016): 371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-371-2016.
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Abstract. According to the DISASTER database the 20–28 December 1909 event was the hydro-geomorphologic event with the highest number of flood and landslide cases that occurred in Portugal in the period 1865–2010 (Zêzere et al., 2014). This event also caused important social impacts over the Spanish territory, especially in the Douro Basin, having triggered the highest floods in more than 100 years at the river's mouth in the city of Oporto. This work has a dual purpose: (i) to characterize the spatial distribution and social impacts of the December 1909 hydro-geomorphologic DISASTER event over Portugal and Spain; (ii) to analyse the meteorological conditions that triggered the event and the spatial distribution of the precipitation anomalies. Social impacts that occurred in Portugal were obtained from the Disaster database (Zêzere et al., 2014) whereas the data collection for Spain was supported by the systematic analysis of Spanish daily newspapers. In addition, the meteorological conditions that triggered the event are analysed using the 20th Century Reanalysis data set from NOAA and precipitation data from Iberian meteorological stations. The Iberian Peninsula was spatially affected during this event along the SW-NE direction spanning from Lisbon, Santarém, Oporto, and Guarda (in Portugal), to Salamanca, Valladolid, Zamora, Orense, León, and Palencia (in Spain). In Iberia, 134 DISASTER cases were recorded (130 flood cases; 4 landslides cases) having caused 89 casualties (57 due to floods and 32 due to landslides) and a further total of 3876 affected people, including fatalities, injured, missing, evacuated, and homeless people. This event was associated with outstanding precipitation registered at Guarda (Portugal) on 22 December 1909 and unusual meteorological conditions characterized by the presence of a deep low-pressure system located over the NW Iberian Peninsula with a stationary frontal system striking the western Iberian Peninsula. The presence of an upper-level jet (250 hPa) and low-level jet (900 hPa) located SW–NE oriented towards Iberia along with upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence favoured large-scale precipitation. Finally, associated with these features it is possible to state that this extreme event was clearly associated with the presence of an elongated Atmospheric River, crossing the entire northern Atlantic Basin and providing a continuous supply of moisture that contributed to enhance precipitation. This work contributes to a comprehensive and systematic synoptic evaluation of the second most deadly hydro-geomorphologic DISASTER event that has occurred in Portugal since 1865 and will help to better understand the meteorological system that was responsible for triggering the event.
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Barata, Catarina. "“Mix of Races, Bad Uterus”: Obstetric Violence in the Experiences of Afro-Brazilian Migrants in Portugal." Societies 12, no. 3 (May 6, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12030078.
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In this article, I address the issues of obstetric violence and racism in the Portuguese setting of obstetric care. Based on data collected through interviews and participatory artistic creation, I analyze the perception of three Afro-Brazilian migrants about their perinatal experiences of obstetric care in the Portuguese public sector between 2013 and 2019. These women’s experiences have much in common with experiences of obstetric violence as narrated by Portuguese, non-racialized women. Despite this, certain aspects of their experience are related to their particular identification as Brazilian, migrant, and Black, such as xenophobic discrimination and their placement in systems of stratified reproduction, including a supposed tendency for birth by caesarean section, as well as self-policing behaviors because of the stereotype of Brazilian women as flirty. I consider a range of manifestations of obstetric violence and racism, from more overt forms to more covert ones, to analyze how, in a country where racism and obstetric violence are only slowly beginning to be recognized as the norm, multiple discriminations intersect and have an impact on the experiences of women of their bodies in pregnancy, birth, and postpartum, including breastfeeding.
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Shim, Jin-Keong. "Women as Social Conditions― Focused on roman à clef Based on New Women." DAEDONG MUNHWA YEON'GU ll, no. 82 (June 2013): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18219/ddmh..82.201306.77.
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Barbosa, Maria José Somerlate. "Cento e oitenta graus na curva evoluta das emoções: as personagens femininas de Fernanda Botelho." Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 18, no. 22 (June 30, 1998): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.18.22.249-272.
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<p>Fernanda Botelho situa as personagens femininas dos seus nove romances (escritos entre 1956 e 1994) no contexto histórico-social e na tradição literária portuguesa, analisando os papéis femininos e a representação da mulher na pintura e na literatura. As mulheres nos seus romances criticam as mitologias repressoras, a domesticação do desejo e a celebração do “eterno feminino”, parodiam a misoginia patriarcal e examinam as tensões sociais, políticas, culturais e religiosas em Portugal. Seus textos analisam a trajetória de conscientização, auto-análise e auto-crítica das personagens que, no processo, também avaliam e rejeitam os parâmetros sócioculturais a elas impostos.</p><p>Fernanda Botelho places the female characters of her nine novels (written between 1956 and 1994) in Portugal’s social, historical and literary context. Her female characters criticize repressive mythologies, the domestication of desire, and the celebration of the “eternal feminine”. They parody patriarchal misogynism and also examine the social, political, cultural, and religious tensions in Portugal. Botelho describes her female characters’ process of consciousness-raising, self-analysis, and self-criticism while evaluating the social and cultural parameters imposed on women in Portugal.</p>
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Alves, Joana, Rita Filipe, João Machado, Baltazar Nunes, and Julian Perelman. "Change in the Prevalence and Social Patterning of First- and Second-Hand Smoking in PORTUGAL: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study (2005 and 2014)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 3594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103594.
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Between 2005 and 2007, important reinforcements of the tobacco legislation have been implemented in Portugal, which may have affected smoking patterns. The aim of this study was to measure the change in prevalence of first- and second-hand smoking (SHS) among adults, and its socio-demographic patterning in Portugal from 2005 to 2014. Data from the last two Portuguese National Health Interview Surveys (2005 and 2014) were used. The changes in daily smoking and SHS were measured using Poisson regressions, stratifying by sex and survey year. The inequalities were measured using relative inequality indexes (RII). From 2005 to 2014, there was a reduction in SHS (75%–54% among men, and 52%–38% among women), and a reduction in smoking among men (27%–26%), and an increase among women (9%–12%). SHS reduction was more marked among less privileged people. Among Portuguese men, inequalities in daily smoking have increased slightly, while among women the gap favoring low-educated reduced. Between 2005 and 2014, SHS decreased, but not daily smoking, particularly among women. Additionally, socioeconomic inequalities in smoking increased. Future policies should simultaneously tackle smoking and SHS prevalence, and their socioeconomic patterning. More comprehensive policies such as comprehensive national (non-partial) bans, combined with price increases could be more effective.
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Delgado, João, Ana Mafalda Matos, and Ana Sofia Guimarães. "Linking Indoor Thermal Comfort with Climate, Energy, Housing, and Living Conditions: Portuguese Case in European Context." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 6028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166028.
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Even though the milder climate scenario and constant evolution of thermal building regulation are in light of European initiatives, in Portugal, there are few houses where occupants can remain all the time in perfectly comfortable temperature conditions without resorting to heating or cooling. According to the Long Term Strategy for the Renewal of Buildings (ELPRE), this results from the combination of several factors, namely, low energy use for air conditioning compared to energy needs and aged building stock with poor energy performance. In fact, around 70% of the dwellings currently certified have low energy efficiency (C or less). The purpose of this review article was to analyse and discuss the factors affecting indoor thermal comfort, the inability to keep the home adequately warm in winter and cool in summer, and the risk of poverty or social exclusion in the European context, namely in Portugal. It fills the gap in the literature researching and analysing the motivations for these lower consumptions in Southern Europe, being Portugal a paradigmatic case. The current work integrates the indoor thermal comfort evolution and the current situation in Portugal in the EU context through different thermal comfort indicators and linking with the other statistics data, which may impact the indoor thermal comfort.
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ACHING, Michele Carmona, and Tania Mara Marques GRANATO. "The good enough mother under social vulnerability conditions." Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) 33, no. 1 (March 2016): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752016000100003.
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Abstract The present qualitative study aims to understand the affective and emotional attitudes that support the maternal experience in precarious conditions by articulating the maternal ideals of socially vulnerable women through the Winnicottian concept of the good enough mother. We used a procedure called Interactive Narrative to facilitate a less defensive and more ludic approach to the studied theme and invited women sheltered in an institution for pregnant and puerperal women to complete a story that had been written by the researcher. In the second stage, we formed a discussion group to gain insight into participants' conceptions of motherhood. The material produced was analyzed as a collective production so that we could identify underlying affective and emotional aspects of the group's imaginative elaborations about motherhood in precarious conditions. Feelings of helplessness, abandonment and loneliness were as present in the narrative productions as the idea that having a child creates opportunities for the development of maternal capabilities.
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Silva, Pedro G. "Social workers in the Revolution: Social work’s political agency and intervention in the Portuguese democratic transition (1974–1976)." International Social Work 61, no. 3 (July 9, 2016): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872816651706.
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A period of profound social and political changes, the democratic transition that followed the 1974 military coup in Portugal had an enormous impact on social work. The Revolution set the ideal conditions for social workers to perform alternative forms of intervention, moving away from the assistance-focused practices characteristic of the former authoritarian rule. Incited by the new progressive political agenda, social workers stood at the forefront of the Revolution, working alongside grass-roots mobilisations and experimental participative projects, overtly assuming political stands. This article analyses the agency of social workers in the various political and social fronts during the democratic transition.
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Patil, Savita, and Haji Begum. "Study of social conditions and economic problems of employed women." ADVANCE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/arjss/9.2/230-234.
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Burton, Christopher G., and Vitor Silva. "Assessing Integrated Earthquake Risk in OpenQuake with an Application to Mainland Portugal." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 3 (August 2016): 1383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/120814eqs209m.
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At the forefront of the risk assessment sciences is the development of standards, data, and tools for the assessment of earthquake risk. Countries such as Portugal have been targets of extensive earthquake risk assessments to communicate damage potential and to improve methodologies. Few studies, however, have gone beyond the estimation of direct physical impacts by integrating estimates of physical risk (i.e., human or economic losses) with quantified metrics of socioeconomic characteristics of populations. The purpose of this paper is to describe an end-to-end assessment of earthquake risk for mainland Portugal that accounts for physical and social attributes using the Global Earthquake Model's (GEM) suite of risk assessment tools. The results indicate that the potential adverse effects from earthquakes in Portugal are related to interacting conditions, some conditional on geography, some due to the characteristics of the building stock, and some having to do with the social characteristics of populations.
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Kahf, Mohja. "Women and Social Justice." American Journal of Islam and Society 8, no. 2 (September 1, 1991): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v8i2.2633.
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The task undertaken in this book, the development of a “third approach”to the issue of women’s oppression superceding both feminism and traditionalism,is much needed and much neglected in the Islamic movement.Specifically, Ahmad analyzes the impact of the introduction of hudud (Islamicpenal code) laws in Pakistan and makes policy recommendations for theirreform. Although his analysis is not limited in usefulness to Pakistan, it islimited, however, by several shortcomings in argument, structure, and language.Ahmad’s strong points emerge in his empirical study of Pakistani familylaw. While he attempts to refute the criticism that the hudud laws discriminateagainst women, he also recognizes that the application of these laws in alegal patchwork fraught with contradictions has not helped women. For example,the Family Laws Ordinance of 1961 requires all marriages to be officiallyreported but, with common and Islamic opinion being contrary, thislaw is frequently neglected. So when the hudud laws of 1979 made adulterypunishable, women living in Islamic but unreported marriages were reportedfor adultery by vengeful ex-husbands. This particular problem would be solved,Ahmad argues, by punishing such men for slander, a neglected aspect ofthe Shari‘ah’s approach to adultery which is to women’s advantage. He arguesfor an end to “this vicious circle of immediacy, adhocism and temporarysolutions” (p. 48) in the application of the Shari‘ah, and for a more creative,comprehensive reform. His use of statistics from Pakistani courts is an attemptto ground his analysis in the living reality of Pakistani women, anattempt which is only infrequently made by Islamist writers on women’s issues,who usually hide behind obscure generalizations about the ideal society.It is also edifying to see an Islamist writer admit that “we should notdoubt the intent and motive of those who talk on these issues and take adifferent position” (p. 11). Too often this debate over the status of womenresults in bitter and useless finger-pointing in which the advocates of changein women’s conditions are labelled “Western,” as if one had to be Westernto see anything exploitative about the present treatment of Muslim women.Unfortunately, Ahmad does not stick to his promise and succumbs to a defensivediatribe against his ideological opponents, calling them ‘‘crypto-colonialists’’and emphasizing their emergence from the upper classes. The same charge ...
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Gonçalves, Mariana, and Marlene Matos. "Victimized immigrant women in Portugal: factors associated with formal and informal help-seeking (Las mujeres inmigrantes víctimas de agresión en Portugal: factores asociados a la búsqueda de ayuda formal e informal)." International Journal of Social Psychology 35, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 370–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2020.1725360.
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Santos, Maria Helena, and Lígia Amâncio. "Gender inequalities in highly qualified professions: A social psychological analysis." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2016): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v4i1.487.
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Research in social and political psychology contributes towards understanding the persistence of job market gender segregation prevailing in recent decades, the consequences for those involved and their reactions when having to cope with gender inequality. Within the framework of the literature on shared ideologies that justify and legitimize discrimination against women, this article focuses on Portugal and analyses the particular case of women in two highly qualified professions traditionally carried out by men – politics and medicine. Drawing on the results of quantitative and qualitative studies, our analytical approach demonstrates how while a majority of participants show awareness of the existence of gender inequality in these markedly masculine professions, meritocratic individualism and personal attributions to discrimination are the recurring explanations rather than any gender-based account. These results allow us to highlight the relevance of gender-based analysis as an ideology and furthermore to argue that ignoring this perspective not only diminishes individual responsibility for social change but also perpetuates gender asymmetries.