Academic literature on the topic 'Women on television. Television broadcasting of news Mass media Women'
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Journal articles on the topic "Women on television. Television broadcasting of news Mass media Women"
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Ratnasingam, Malini, and Lee Ellis. "Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries." Journal of Media Psychology 23, no. 4 (January 2011): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000054.
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Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.
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Broos, Deborah, and Hilde Van den Bulck. "One Religion, Many Identities? The Reception of Islam Related News Items by Muslim Women with Turkish, Moroccan and Flemish roots in Flanders." Middle East Journal Of Culture And Communication 5, no. 2 (2012): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187398612x637342.
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This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge regarding the relationship between media and diasporic identity formation by moving beyond the notion of Muslim women as a uniform group and questioning the dichotomy of the West versus Islam. To investigate the (versatility of the) relationship between media, culture and (re)created collective identities, focus group interviews were carried out with Muslim women with Turkish, Moroccan and Flemish roots, all living in Flanders. They were shown a number of news items representative of public service broadcasting and commercial television newscasts that were analyzed for the representation of ethnic minorities, followed by focus group discussions. The results demonstrate the diversity and hybridity within the Muslim women’s identities—with religious, ethnic and cultural aspects mediating the reception of these media texts resulting in a ‘polyphony’ of Muslim identities.
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Almahallawi, Wesam, and Hasmah Zanuddin. "50 Days of War on Innocent Civilian: Ma’an News Agency Coverage of Israeli and Palestinian Conflict." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.21 (August 8, 2018): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17204.
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Since the TV broadcasting was established in Arab countries until the 1990s, broadcasting during this specific time was based on a government control model, which derived from the view of broadcasting as an instrument of state advance that must be under the control from government. This kind of TVs, limits the broadcasting to highlight the government issue (1). In these kind of TVs, they focus with the leader’s opinion more than the Palestinian problem. By the way, the theme in Arab media determined to highlight the leader’s opinion who claims the right to speak on behalf of Palestinians. In September 1991, the first private TV in the Arab world was established when MBC went on the air from London. More private TVs followed after that like: Orbit in 1994 and ART in 1995, both based in Italy owned by Saudi businessmen, Future Television and LBC, both Lebanese based in Beirut, in 1995, and Al-Jazeera based in Qatar in 1996. In 2002 the number of the Arab TV stations was expanded to more than 150 TVS as government or privately owned, with capability of reaching the Arab people in any place in the world. This paper focuses on the media coverage of the conflict between two parties Palestine and Israel. The preview studies show that, in a conflict the media has an influential role and has responsibility for increasing violence or contributing to the resolution of conflict and mitigation of violence (2). This study examined 61 news coverage and framing of the Israel and Palestine conflict, known as the 50 days’ war from 8 July – 26 August 2014 by Ma’an News Agency, which delivers news to Ma’an TV (Palestinian satellite television station). A quantitative content analysis was employed to examine the news published during the war using five generic frames developed by (3). Holsti Inter-coder reliability and validity test value is 0.988 or 98% agreement. The results showed that conflict and human-interest frames were significantly visible compared to other frames in Ma’an news coverage. Portrayal of images of civilian killing, children and women killed in their homes and suffrage news coverage, in this war. Responsibility frame stressed on hospitals bombing and embargo of medications which reduced chances for Palestinian of immediate medical help. The economic frame highlighted the economic and financial losses of Palestinians as consequences of 50 days’ war. Most of them lost their income, businesses, agriculture land and homes and became refugees.
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Almahallawi, Wesam, and Hasmah Zanuddin. "50 days of war on innocent civilian: Ma’an news agency coverage of Israeli and Palestinian conflict." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.9 (October 2, 2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.9.20635.
Full textAbstract:
Since the TV broadcasting was established in Arab countries until the 1990s, broadcasting during this specific time was based on a government control model, which derived from the view of broadcasting as an instrument of state advance that must be under the control from government. This kind of TVs, limits the broadcasting to highlight the government issue (1). In these kind of TVs, they focus with the leader’s opinion more than the Palestinian problem. By the way, the theme in Arab media determined to highlight the leader’s opinion who claims the right to speak on behalf of Palestinians. In September 1991, the first private TV in the Arab world was established when MBC went on the air from London. More private TVs followed after that like: Orbit in 1994 and ART in 1995, both based in Italy owned by Saudi businessmen, Future Television and LBC, both Lebanese based in Beirut, in 1995, and Al-Jazeera based in Qatar in 1996. In 2002 the number of the Arab TV stations was expanded to more than 150 TVS as government or privately owned, with capability of reaching the Arab people in any place in the world. This paper focuses on the media coverage of the conflict between two parties Palestine and Israel. The preview studies show that, in a conflict the media has an influential role and has responsibility for increasing violence or contributing to the resolution of conflict and mitigation of violence (2). This study examined 61 news coverage and framing of the Israel and Palestine conflict, known as the 50 days’ war from 8 July – 26 August 2014 by Ma’an News Agency, which delivers news to Ma’an TV (Palestinian satellite television station). A quantitative content analysis was employed to examine the news published during the war using five generic frames developed by (3). Holsti Inter-coder reliability and validity test value is 0.988 or 98% agreement. The results showed that conflict and human-interest frames were significantly visible compared to other frames in Ma’an news coverage. Portrayal of images of civilian killing, children and women killed in their homes and suffrage news coverage, in this war. Responsibility frame stressed on hospitals bombing and embargo of medications which reduced chances for Palestinian of immediate medical help. The economic frame highlighted the economic and financial losses of Palestinians as consequences of 50 days’ war. Most of them lost their income, businesses, agriculture land and homes and became refugees.
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Niazi, Farhana. "http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/67." Habibia islamicus 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47720/hi.2021.0502u12.
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Crimes against women include many crimes, but this research paper focuses on rape cases and seeks to find out when television channels cover rape cases, what are the consequences of it, how they affect the Islamic society and what has been said about it in the light of Qur'an and Hadith? This topic is also important because no significant research paper on this subject has been written in Pakistan before and no clear picture has emerged. The pamphlet assumes that the broadcasting of incidents of rape of women on television channels is having a negative impact on the society, which has been investigated in every possible way. In this regard, various incidents of rape from 2012 to 2014 have been studied in the broadcasts of two television channels. A survey was also conducted to gauge public opinion, which revealed a variety of views. The survey included all kinds of questions that cover the entire subject. On the other hand, an interview with a victim has been conducted to find out the opinion of the rape survivor; while an interview with an individual associated with electronic media and a psychologist is also part of this pamphlet. The study found that news channels do not pay attention to a single statement while covering rape incidents, while on the other hand, the identity of the victim is revealed, which is also denied by our religion Islam and the Qur'an. According to the findings, more research is needed in the near future, and television channels need to collaborate with researchers and give them access to content. Similarly, there is a need for a large-scale comprehensive study in which data from all over the country is collected so that a complete picture can emerge.
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Shaw, Donald L., and Shannon E. Martin. "The Function of Mass Media Agenda Setting." Journalism Quarterly 69, no. 4 (December 1992): 902–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909206900410.
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This study, a statewide follow-up to the original 1968 Chapel Hill, N.C., agenda-setting study published in 1972 in Public Opinion Quarterly, used poll and content analysis data to compare media use and agenda agreement for different types of reference groups: men vs. women, non-whites vs. whites, young vs. old, higher- vs. lower-formally educated and rich vs. poor. When individuals increase their newspaper reading, then agreement on important public issues within the gender, racial and age groups to which they belong increases to a point of near consensus. Those of higher vs. lower education also come close to sharing issues, although the sharing is less dramatic between rich and poor. Increased television news viewing also results in higher reference group consensus on key public issues. The study concludes: one major function of mass media is to enhance group consensus within the larger social system by providing issue agenda options more attractive than just those historically learned and expressed as an aspect of one's gender, race, age, level of education, or — to a lesser extent — level of wealth. Media public issue agendas compete with unique historical agendas of readers/viewers and often win, to the benefit of the social system if the system can agree on workable solutions to the important problems.
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Reva, Ekaterina, Tatiana Ogorodnikova, Tatiana Mikhailova, Darya Arekhina, and Sergei Kubrin. "Subject and Thematic Field of Gastronomic Journalism: from Entertaining Content to the Issues of Russian National Policy." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2019.8(1).111-128.
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Bringing up to date the issue of mass media typology, the authors of the article research such line of modern journalism as gastronomic journalism. As far as this topic has not been studied well enough yet, journalistic periodicals (social and political, business, geographical, gastronomic magazines, tabloids for men and women), television programs (“Rare People” at the channel “My Planet”, “Russia, My Love!” at the channel ‘Russia-Culture”, the content of breakfast broadcasting of “the First Channel”) and the multimedia project of the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union “This is Caucasus” (section “A Good Taste”) are analyzed. The objective of the article is to determine the subject thematic range of gastronomic journalism, by studying the gastronomic content of mass media, and also to consider the functions of gastronomic journalism in the context of Media representations of peoples’ ethnic culture, namely of the indigenous minorities of Russia and of the North Caucasus peoples. In the course of the analysis, the features of the gastronomic topic in the representation context of the Russia peoples’ ethnic culture are revealed, the role of gastronomic journalism in terms of implementation of the strategy objectives of the Russian Federation State National Policy for the period up to 2025 as far as spreading knowledge about the peoples’ history and culture is concerned. To determine the effective resources of gastronomic journalism such methods and approaches as system, semiotic, cultural, typological and content analysis are used. A definition of gastronomic journalism, which determines the direction of studies of mass media and media in general, is given in this article. The authors come to the conclusion that not only recreational, advertising and informative but also cultural and educational functions of journalism are implemented through the gastronomic topic. Moreover, the importance of studying gastronomic journalism for education of journalism students and future caterers is considered in the article. A topical issue of gastronomic journalism development in Russian regions is emphasized.
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Birsen, Haluk. "Silver Surfers and New Media: Experiences, Thoughts and Observations of Elder People about Internet." European Journal of Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss.v1i3.p85-97.
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The effects of internet over media had changed either content production of mass media or audience way of using media. The breaking point created by internet has caused to call Radio, television and newspaper as “traditional media” while creating new media.The passive audience of traditional media had gained an active role by spread of Internet. New audience or user had gain content producer role for new media. There are considerable effects of Social Network Sites on content producing. Social network sites which are simulating social networks existing in public life, had give a new dimension to interpersonal communication with the help of asynchronous, independent from place and continuously opened communication channel. Another word, the interpersonal communication carried to public sphere had become a content of mass communication. When the technology had kept in step with this new situation, audience had increased rapidly. This development had caused wider the age range. Different genders are using new media and especially social network sites for many reasons such as to communicate, to get information, to get news and research. Different generations can show different adaptation levels to new media. It is a reality that people met Internet in early age or people who born in this new era are easily and completely adopted the new technology. The other side of this reality is elder people who had grown up with traditional media cannot easily adopt new media and its technology. That’s why digital nomads and digital migrants discrimination is made. Researches are show that numbers of digital migrants are increasing. These increases show itself especially on to have new technology. This study aims to appear the observations, experience and thoughts of elder people (55 and up) about Internet and using technology. To reach this aim deep interview method are used on 6 women and 6 men who own new media technologies.
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Fernández Romero, Diana. "Del parricidio a la violencia machista: apuntes para una reflexión sobre la representación de los malos tratos en once años de información periodística." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 3 (December 14, 2008): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i3.3835.
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<p>Han pasado once años desde que los principales medios españoles prorrumpieran en informaciones que, como ellos mismos observaron, pusieron fin a la indiferencia y generaron alarma social sobre la violencia contra las mujeres. Un hombre quemó viva a su mujer trece días después de que apareciera en televisión relatando cuarenta años de malos tratos por parte de su ex marido. La noticia saltó a las portadas, y en la calle latieron repulsas y solicitudes de cambio. El artículo quiere contribuir a la reflexión sobre qué ha ocurrido en el terreno mediático desde que se publicaron los primeros artículos sobre el <em>parricidio </em>de Granada hasta el presente, cuando los medios siguen tratando de mejorar la praxis sobre lo que hoy es un tema de máxima actualidad: la <em>violencia machista</em>.</p><p>It is eleven years since the most outstanding mass media in Spain burst forth with news which, as they could observe, put an end to the indifference and generated public alarm in relation with violence against women. A man burnt his wife thirteen days after she appeared in a television programme speaking about suffering her ex-husband´s violence for forty years. The news was on the front pages, and in the street rejections and requests for a change lurked. The article wants to contribute to the reflection about what has happened in the media since the first articles about the <em>parricide </em>in Granada were published until now, when the media keep on trying to improve the praxis of what nowadays is a highly topical subject: <em>chauvinist</em><em> violence</em></p><p><strong></strong><strong><br /></strong></p>
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Hardyanti, Winda. "Penerimaan Khalayak Terhadap Tayangan Infotainment Tentang Fenomena Artis Lepas Jilbab (Studi Pada Mahasiswi Muslimah di Malang Berdasarkan Kelompok Sosial)." ARISTO 7, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ars.v7i2.1757.
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The phenomenon of the artist off the Veil in some time ther last became a topic of conversation in the media, was no exception in the television media. One of celebrity in Indonesia, Rina Nose, suddenly took off the veil she has been wearing the last few years. Impressions of infotainment offers the meaning that action ther is Nose Rina action is sad or concern. Based on these problems, researchers want to find out what kind of audience acceptance against the related phenomenon of infotainment news footage off the headscarf artist Rina Nose. There are a lot of messages that are displayed through related cases Rina infotainment news Nose. Number of messages cannot be removed from the question of the multiplicity of viewpoints used media. The message has more than one potential readings. Through ther study researchers will be able to find out where the audience has a dominant hegemonic position, negotiated reading and oposisional, where the designation cannot be separated from the background to the life of each subject research. This research uses the research methods analysis of reception using the qualitative approach with in-depth interview data collection techniques. Ther research is expected to be able to give a new perspective on development-related issues of the current mass media through a scientific approach. Impressions of infotainment construct women who take off Jilbab with negative construction. The results of ther research are found subject CP (veiled non cottage) and BN (veiled-off veil-veiled again) belonging to the dominant hegemonic subject reading, DR. (not veiled) included in the oppositional reading and IM subjects (off the veil) including negotiated reading for refusing. Decisions they refuse/accept/agree/disagree against the concept of meaning offered by media influenced by their background educational background in religious families, the experience of living in a veiled and the influence of peer group them. Based on the results of the research it is known that audiences receive the concept of the artist off the Jilbab in a variety of types of acceptance. The subject that comes from a group of veiled non pondok pesantren and a subject that never had the experience of taking off the veil before masukd in the dominant hegemonic category is influenced by the background of religious education in a family that was good enough and too influenced by experiences/mistakes of her jilbab. While the subject of the entry in the category of oppositional reading are those who reject the concept of social group comes from the infotainment not veiled because he considered that her experiences during ther time is not a problem although not veiled Muslim women. While the subject of the entry category negotiated reading is a subject that includes Muslim social group but is experiencing the same phenomenon with artist Rina Nose. The subject was influenced by her background as a person who has the principle of free and tend to be liberal.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women on television. Television broadcasting of news Mass media Women"
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Gerber, Melissa A. "Gendered Crisis Reporting: A Content Analysis of Crisis Coverage on ABC, CBS, and NBC Evening News Programming, 1969 - 2007." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1217901857.
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Nakacwa, Susan. "“Please don’t show me on Agataliiko Nfuufu or my husband will beat me like engalabi (long drum)”: young women and tabloid television in Kampala, Uganda." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020968.
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The “tabloid TV” news genre is a relatively new phenomenon in Uganda and Africa. The genre has been criticised for depoliticising the public by causing cynicism, and lowering the standards of rational public discourse. Despite the criticisms, the genre has been recognised for bringing ‘the private’ into a public space and one of the major ‘private’ issues on the public agenda is women and gender equality. Given these critiques, this study set out to interrogate the meanings that young working class women in Kampala make of the tabloid television news programme Agataliiko Nfuufu and to ask how these meanings relate to the contested notions of femininity in this urban space. In undertaking this audience reception study I interviewed young women between the ages of 18-35 years by means of individual in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study establishes that Agataliiko Nfuufu is consumed in a complex environment where contesting notions of traditionalism and modernity are at play. The study also establishes that while mediating the problems, discomforts and contestations of these young women’s lives, Bukedde TV1 operates within a specific social context and gendered environment where Agataliiko Nfuufu is consumed. The study concludes that the bulletin mediates the young women’s negotiations and contestations, but it provides them with a window into other people’s lives and affords them opportunities to compare, judge and appreciate their own. Furthermore, the gendered roles and expectations in this context have become naturalised and have achieved a taken-for-grantedness. Therefore, patriarchy has been legitimised and naturalised to the extent that the respondents define themselves largely in relation to male relatives, and marriage. While the women lament the changes that have taken place in their social contexts which disrupt the natural gender order, they construct themselves as subjects of the prevailing discourses of gender relations that see men as powerful and women as weak and in need of protection.
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Strothers, Evette Evelyn. "Beauty before the camera : the hiring of television newswomen /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299090312.
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Moorosi, Nthati. "Women in the news frame : an investigation into the representation of women in television news : an analysis of SABC2, SABC3 and e-tv news." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4780.
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The aim of this research is to investigate the representation of women in South African
television news by closely comparing the three stations; e-tv, SABC 2 and SABC 3. The
news bulletins that were recorded over a week (seven consecutive days), for each station
were measured and compared to find out the presence of men and women as workers for
news production; as news reporters and news readers as well as news subjects.
Theories of news and feminist media are strong points from which the study is informed.
The feminist media theories highlight the sexist ideology of media content and addresses
issues of how television news positions the female news subjects. Theories of news on
the other hand emphasize the question of what is news and aids the understanding of why
women are represented the way they are in news as they stress the nature of news as a
human construction that is shaped by the world. Together these theories used in this
research highlight the background of the ideologies underlying the coverage and
representation of both men and women as news sources.
The findings of this research confirm the assumption that news is designed for male
audience by having more men than women as newsreaders and reporters and also by
having a remarkable dominance of men as news subjects over women. All the three
stations; e-tv, SABC 2 and SABC3 are dominated by men in the newsroom. With
affirmative action policy in South Africa, which was designed to uplift the image of the
previously marginalised, especially women, the number of women as window dressing
has increased. However, when looking for news sources, women are still not considered
reliable and embodying reason, trustworthiness and knowledgability. Male experts
occupy all fields of knowledge from politics, terrorism, and economics to science and
medicine, from literature to technology, law, sports and environment. Of all the social
actors who were covered in news, the presence of men outnumber that of women with the
majority of 80.9% compared to 19.1% of women.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.
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Krist, Kyrstin D. "Media coverage of women's events during the 2000 Summer Olympics a qualitative and quantitative analysis /." 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Walsh, Shannon L. Sandahl Carrie. "Unsportsman-like conduct subverting the male gaze in televised sports performances /." Diss., 2005. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04112005-160710.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2005.Advisor: Dr. Carrie Sandahl, Florida State University, School of Theatre. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 16, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 73 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
Books on the topic "Women on television. Television broadcasting of news Mass media Women"
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Women in television news revisited: Into the twenty-first century. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999.
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Soemandoyo, Priyo. Wacana gender & layar televisi: Studi perempuan dalam pemberitaan televisi swasta. [Yogyakarta]: L3PY, 1999.
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Women and death in film, television, and news: Dead but not gone. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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(Firm), Erin Research, ed. The Portrayal of gender in Canadian broadcasting: Summary report, 1984-1988. [Ottawa]: The Commission, 1990.
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Lichter, S. Robert. Good intentions make bad news: Why Americans hate campaign journalism. 2nd ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1996.
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Lichter, S. Robert. Good intentions make bad news: Why Americans hate campaign journalism. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 1995.
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Carole, O'Neill, ed. Women in media careers: Success despite the odds. Lanham: University Press of America, 2008.
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Bollinger, Lee. Women in media careers: Success despite the odds. Lanham: University Press of America, 2008.
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Wallace, Leslie. CRTC policy statement on sex-role stereotyping: How should women respond?. [Vancouver, B.C.]: MediaWatch, 1987.
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Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission. Report on the action taken by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation further to the report of the Task Force on Sex-Role Stereotyping in the Broadcasting Media (Images of Women) =: Rapport sur les démarches entreprises par la Société Radio-Canada suite au rapport du Groupe de travail sur les stéréotypes sexistes dans les médias de radiodiffusion (L'Image des femmes). Ottawa, Ont: CRT Information Services, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Women on television. Television broadcasting of news Mass media Women"
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Lekic-Subasic, Zeljka. "Women and Media." In Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism, 8–23. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6686-2.ch002.
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Difficulties that women face in the media professions and discrimination against women's access to decision-making posts within the media is a problem that transcends national borders. Becoming a greater part of this particular workforce would help to expand both the amount and quality of visibility for women – in news, television, and public sphere in general. Public service media (PSM), as broadcasting, made, financed, and controlled by the public and for the public, with the output designed to reach everyone and reflect all voices, should treat gender equality with the utmost importance. The existing data indicate however that, although some progress have been made, there is a lot to be done: while women among European PSMs represent 44% of the workforce, the number falls to less than 25% at the higher and executive positions. This chapter analyses the efforts made by the European Broadcasting Union's members and the measures they recommend.
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Çömlekçi, Mehmet Fatih. "Public Broadcasting and Migration." In Handbook of Research on the Global Impact of Media on Migration Issues, 1–20. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0210-5.ch001.
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This chapter presents an analysis of how migrants were represented in the Turkish media after the historic, cultural, and socio-economic development of the labour migration that started in the 1960s from Turkey to Germany. In this respect, the aim of the study was to reveal how a public television channel covered “guest worker” experience through its broadcasts. In the meantime, the news programs that the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) produced about the migrants that went to Germany in the second half of the 20th century have been analyzed via content analysis method. This study explored the media representation of migrants' families including working women and young people; the manner in which the challenges of migrants' families were portrayed in the public space through public broadcasting; the projection of the politics of governments regarding the migrants; and the exposition of the transnational space where the migrants carry out their socio-cultural productions in Germany.