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Journal articles on the topic 'Women metaphors'
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1
Kittay, Eva Feder. "Woman as Metaphor1." Hypatia 3, no. 2 (1988): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1988.tb00069.x.
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Women's activities and relations to men are persistent metaphors for man's projects. I query the prominence of these and the lack of equivalent metaphors where men are the metaphoric vehicle for women and women's activities. Women's role as metaphor results from her otherness and her relational and mediational importance in men's lives. Otherness, mediation, and relation characterize the role of metaphor in language and thought. This congruence between metaphor and women makes the metaphor of woman especially potent in man's conceptual economy.
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Novosadska, Olena. "Metaphorical Verbalization of the Concept 'Woman' in the Victorian Novels of Mary Braddon." Linguaculture 11, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/lincu-2020-1-0165.
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The representation of women in the written texts of the Victorian Era has received a great deal of attention and critics have analysed different strategies used for the description of women in novels. This paper looks at a particular device employed by the Victorian novelist Mary Braddon in the representation of women, namely, the use of conceptual metaphors. Women and metaphors alike are at once meditational and relational. A woman serves to mediate between man and man, man and Nature, man and Spirit. The research deals with repeated metaphors presenting women in the guise of foods, animals, babies, parts of the body, members of the aristocracy and supernatural creatures. Bearing in mind the social force of metaphor in our understanding of the world and of ourselves as well as the important role language plays as a channel through which ideas and beliefs are transmitted and perpetuated, the present study attempts to offer a preliminary exploration of how images of women are transmitted and perpetuated by the Victorian novelist Mary Braddon through linguistic metaphors.
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Bruckmüller, Susanne, and Maike Braun. "One Group’s Advantage or Another Group’s Disadvantage? How Comparative Framing Shapes Explanations of, and Reactions to, Workplace Gender Inequality." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 39, no. 4 (June 25, 2020): 457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x20932631.
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Gender inequality is usually described as women’s disadvantage, only rarely as men’s advantage. Moreover, it is often illustrated by metaphors such as the glass ceiling—an invisible barrier to women’s career advancement—metaphors that often also focus on women’s disadvantage. Two studies ( N = 228; N = 495) examined effects of these different ways of framing gender inequality. Participants read about gender inequality in leadership with a focus on either women or men, and either without a metaphor ( women underrepresented vs. men overrepresented) or with a women-focused or men-focused metaphor ( glass ceiling/ labyrinth vs. old boys’ club). Metaphors caused participants to perceive gender inequality as (somewhat) more important. Regardless of metaphor use, women-focused descriptions led to more explanations of inequality focusing on women relative to explanations focusing on men, as well as to more suggestions of interventions targeting women at the expense of interventions aimed at systemic changes.
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Hongying, Li. "“The Lecturer is Like a Housemaid”: the Position of Women Revealed by Female Metaphor Vehicles in Chinese." Sinología hispánica. China Studies Review 17, no. 2 (March 6, 2024): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v17i2.8233.
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Previous studies have shown that many metaphors conceptualize “women” in a derogatory way to present negative opinions about them. However, the issue of how “women” being metaphor vehicles function in discourse has rarely been addressed. This paper applies a discourse dynamics approach to conduct a multidimensional analysis of the linguistic, cognitive, affective, and socio-cultural-historical contexts of the 25 female metaphor vehicles identified in the modern Chinese novel Wei Cheng. The aim is to shed light on how this type of metaphors reflect the ideas, attitudes, and values towards women in Chinese discourse. The results show that, through highlighting certain negative features of their topics (i.e., male characters, female characters, university faculty and other non-human objects), these female metaphor vehicles at the same time display a corresponding view on women. Crucially, considering the historical background of the novel and the high degree of lexicalization of some of these metaphors in Chinese, these metaphor vehicles present a sexist view of women in traditional Chinese society and contribute to reinforce female gender stereotypes.
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Novy, Christine, Marie-Christine Ranger, and Roanne Thomas. "Exploring artmaking as a source of metaphor for women’s cancer experiences: A phenomenological study." Journal of Applied Arts & Health 00, no. 00 (May 12, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jaah_00100_1.
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Metaphoric language is common in cancer discourse. However, prevailing military and journey metaphors may not capture variation in cancer experiences. In this article, the authors describe an art-based community research programme for women who had experienced cancer. Taking a phenomenological approach, the article examines how artmaking processes and materials were used by the study participants to shape their own metaphoric thought and, thereby, to articulate a more intimate understanding of their cancer experiences. The authors discuss four themes arising from their findings: (1) experiencing metaphor at its source, (2) artworks as insight cultivators, (3) art as process and metaphor for understanding cancer and (4) alternative metaphors for the cancer experience. Artmaking may be a means to enhance phenomenological data collection in the context of cancer experiences. By capturing variation in women’s cancer experiences, it may also lead to improvements in cancer survivorship care.
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Li, Chaoyuan. "Metaphors and Dehumanization Ideology." Chinese Semiotic Studies 15, no. 3 (August 27, 2019): 349–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2019-0021.
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Abstract Rich literature on the representation of women in advertising has repeatedly concluded a message in keeping with a GDP-promoting agenda: with economic development and modernization, women’s status has been elevated and they appear in professional and other settings beyond domesticity. Amid this optimism, the present study cautions that women’s elevated status and transformed roles should not give way to the exuberance on display in many sectors. Motivated by the unusual persistence of women’s decorative role against the background of pro-egalitarian industrialization and modernity, this study, drawing on advertising discourse in Cosmopolitan, the world’s leading women’s magazine, aims to investigate the gender ideology that dehumanizes women by exploring the various dehumanizing metaphors and the visual and linguistic codes deployed to construct the metaphors. In identifying and analyzing two major dehumanizing metaphors – WOMEN ARE OBJECTS and WOMEN ARE ANIMALS – this study outlines a critical metaphorical landscape that goes beyond the warfare metaphor which is popular in various fields (e.g. women, health care, and economy), and highlights HUMAN BEINGS ARE THINGS metaphors as a major instrument in constructing dehumanizing discourse and ideology.
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Velasco Sacristán, Marisol. "Overtness-covertness in advertising gender metaphors." Journal of English Studies 7 (May 29, 2009): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.145.
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This paper aims at demonstrating that weak communication (overt and covert) can have an important influence on the choice, specification and interpretation of ideological metaphors in advertising. We focus here on a concrete type of ideological metaphor, advertising gender metaphor. We present a description of advertising gender metaphors, subtypes (cases of metaphorical gender, universal gender metaphors and cultural gender metaphors) and crosscategorisation in a case study of 1142 adverts published in British Cosmopolitan (years 1999 and 2000). We next assess “overtness-covertness” in the advertising gender metaphors in our sample. In considering this we also look at the conventional-innovative scale of these metaphors, and examine their discrimination against men and women. The intended value of this paper lies in its examination of both weak overt and covert types of communication in relation both to cognitive and pragmatic theorising of metaphor, and, more generally, to theorising advertising communication.
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Long, Chunmian, Jianbin Zhu, Shihao Li, and Wen Li. "A Metaphorical Analysis of Female Worship in the Kam Epic: Songs of Kam Remote Ancestors." Scientific and Social Research 3, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ssr.v3i2.1114.
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Metaphor is a cognitive mechanism in which people understand an abstract and unfamiliar object by comparing it to a more concrete and familiar one, according to rhetoric, while modern cognitive linguistics holds that metaphor is a cognitive mechanism in which people understand an abstract and unfamiliar object by comparing it to a more concrete and familiar one, according to modern cognitive linguistics. It’s a basic human cognitive and thinking model. Therefore, cognitive metaphor study is devoted to revealing the deep cognitive patterns of language and explaining various cognitive behaviors through languages. Myth is an important vector of human culture and has a profound influence on the formation of national cultural psychology. The Kam’s epic Songs of Kam Remote Ancestors as a narrative ancient song of the Kam covers the longest history of the Kam and has the highest content about the Kam’s ancestors. This epic has many descriptions of woman ancestors and a large number of metaphors of women as well, which reflects the unique position of women in the Kam culture. This study draws on the cognitive metaphor theory to investigate the female metaphors with the purpose of uncovering the development and evolution of the Kam’s woman worship perception in their history by using MIP metaphor identifying method.
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Siagian, Beslina Afriani, and Nurhayati Sitorus. "A Cognitive Semantic Study on Conceptual Metaphor on Gender in Umpasa in Batak Toba Language." International Journal Linguistics of Sumatra and Malay 1, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijlsm.v1i1.10576.
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Although many studies on umpasa have been carried out previously in the Toba Batak language; however, a study on gender-based conceptual metaphors from a cognitive semantic perspective has never been conducted before. This study discusses the conceptual metaphor of gender contained in the umpasa of Batak Toba. The theory of the study is oriented to the conceptual metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson (2003) as the main theory and Cruse and Croft (2004) for the image schematic. This descriptive qualitative research was conducted by using a thematic analysis design to describe the types of conceptual metaphors in the Toba Batak language. The results of this study reveal that there are three types of conceptual metaphors about gender contained in umpasa, as a form of oral tradition. Based on the analysis, 15 conceptual metaphors were found in the study, namely (1) 11 structural metaphors, (2) 3 orientational metaphors, and (3)1ontological metaphor. Furthermore, in the classification of source domains, four of the fifteen data presented conceptualize women as the source of money and economic transactions, then men as physical resources, and other source domains. The results of this study add to references on the topic of conceptual metaphors in regional languages in Indonesia in general, and in the Batak language specifically.
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Bakhtiar, Mohsen. "The role of context in the formation of hejab ‘veiling’ metaphors in hejab billboards and posters in Iran." Metaphor and the Social World 7, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 159–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.7.2.01bak.
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Abstract Proper hejab observance has long been an important issue to political-religious conservatives in Iran who, in recent years, have relied on metaphorical language to persuade Iranian women to dress modestly in public. The present paper, based on Kövecses’s (2015) account of metaphor in context, explores the role of contextual factors involved in the formation of hejab linguistic metaphors used in 56 pro-hejab billboards and posters. Data analysis indicates that the moral and social status of women are depicted as being determined by, or correlated with, their degree of veiling. On that basis, properly covered up women are shown to be the recipients of very positive metaphorical conceptualizations (as pearls, flowers, and angels), whereas immodestly dressed women are negatively pictured as being subject to sexual objectification (as unwrapped edibles). Moreover, the hejab is a protective cover is shown to be the metaphor instantiated in many of the billboards and posters. The protective function of hejab is highlighted by conceptualizing corrupt men as flies and devils. Finally, the metaphorical patterns represent the contextual role of political and religious ideology, key cultural concepts, and show entrenched conventional conceptual metaphors and metonymies in the production of novel metaphors.
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Khairani, Wilda, and Arie Andhiko Aji. "METAFORA SEKSUALITAS DALAM KOLOM KOMENTAR INSTAGRAM: ANALISIS METAFORA KRITIS." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 7, no. 1 (April 18, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v7i1.56874.
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Metaphors are generally used as a way to construct an abstract or difficult-to-understand concept in a human's mind. However, the metaphor of sexuality tends to disguise or cover one thing with another. This phenomenon is easily found in the comment section of women's Instagram account. This research combined the semantic and pragmatic perspectives in critical metaphor analysis and implemented qualitative methods to reveal the language attitudes and social elements that underlie the metaphor of sexuality. The research questions are (1) how is the conceptual mapping between the source and target domain of sexuality metaphors, (2) what types of metaphors are found, and (3) how are language attitudes and social elements that trigger the production of metaphors. The results showed that metaphors are widely used to refer to female breasts as inanimate objects. On the other hand, men's sex organs, men's thoughts, and men's gazes are described as animate objects. This shows how women on social media are seen as objects that can trigger and satisfy men's desires.
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Khairani, Wilda, and Arie Andhiko Aji. "METAFORA SEKSUALITAS DALAM KOLOM KOMENTAR INSTAGRAM: ANALISIS METAFORA KRITIS." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 7, no. 1 (April 18, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v7i1.56874.
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Metaphors are generally used as a way to construct an abstract or difficult-to-understand concept in a human's mind. However, the metaphor of sexuality tends to disguise or cover one thing with another. This phenomenon is easily found in the comment section of women's Instagram account. This research combined the semantic and pragmatic perspectives in critical metaphor analysis and implemented qualitative methods to reveal the language attitudes and social elements that underlie the metaphor of sexuality. The research questions are (1) how is the conceptual mapping between the source and target domain of sexuality metaphors, (2) what types of metaphors are found, and (3) how are language attitudes and social elements that trigger the production of metaphors. The results showed that metaphors are widely used to refer to female breasts as inanimate objects. On the other hand, men's sex organs, men's thoughts, and men's gazes are described as animate objects. This shows how women on social media are seen as objects that can trigger and satisfy men's desires.
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Hanold, Maylon T. "Leadership, Women in Sport, and Embracing Empathy." Advancing Women in Leadership Journal 31 (June 12, 2017): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/awlj-v31.a76.
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Leadership has frequently employed sport stories and metaphor to exemplify attributes and attitudes that leaders should embrace in order to succeed. Competitive sport entered educational contexts in elite British boarding schools for the very purpose of providing training for future political and corporate leaders. As such, the paradigms for leadership reproduced through sport metaphors have held on to traditional, masculine views of leadership. Yet, these paradigms are outdated and do not fit the values embraced by twenty-first century leadership concepts. New sport metaphors are needed. This article begins the task of shaping new perspectives about leadership from the sport world. Specifically, attitudes and practices of high-performance female ultrarunners provide prime examples of the new lessons for leadership, focusing on empathy as one of the
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Beck, Cheryl Tatano. "The Impact of Traumatic Childbirth on Women’s Breastfeeding Experiences." Clinical Lactation 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/cl-2021-0009.
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BackgroundResearchers are confirming that posttraumatic stress due to traumatic childbirth is significantly associated with lower rates of breastfeeding and low maternal attachment.PurposeThe purpose of this secondary qualitative data analysis was to identify metaphorical expressions women use to describe the impact their birth trauma had on their breastfeeding experiences.MethodsThe primary dataset used to conduct this analysis was a descriptive phenomenological study that focused on birth trauma and breastfeeding experiences of 52 women from New Zealand, the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Metaphor Identification Procedure was used to identify metaphorical expressions.ResultsSix metaphors were identified. Breastfeeding after a traumatic birth is your head in a vise, an empty affair, mechanical, true grit, a guilt trip, and a form of forgiveness.ConclusionThe six metaphors provide a new voice for women who are attempting to breastfeed following a traumatic birth. Perinatal and neonatal nurses need to be attentive to any of the metaphors new mothers are using to help identify women struggling with the aftermath of birth trauma.
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Hvidtfeldt, Karen, and Per Krogh Hansen. "Tag det som en mand!" K&K - Kultur og Klasse 49, no. 131 (June 28, 2021): 105–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v49i131.127487.
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While serious illness is a crisis in the life course of any human being, it harmonizes particularly poorly with traditional notions of masculinity. Statistically, more men than women get cancer, but women seem more likely to communicate about their emotions and experiences of illness in public. In this article, we examine the connection between cancer narratives, war and combat metaphors and hegemonic masculinity based on six recent Danish autobiographies written by men about their experience of having cancer. Based within critical masculinity theories and metaphor theory, we examine how the autobiographies apply and develop traditional combat metaphors and we argue that new narratives and (counter) metaphors are developed and that they influence both the experience of illness and the understanding of masculinity.
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Retnomurti, Ayu Bandu, and Nurmala Hendrawaty. "The Analysis of Gender in Metaphors: Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Novel." Deiksis 14, no. 2 (July 14, 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/deiksis.v14i2.10339.
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<p class="8Abstractcontent">Metaphor as one of the figurative languages supposition that the more frequently used, both as a sweetener and to get people interested in reading. Not easy to determine the exact word or phrase to be compared as if the word or phrase does not fit will obscure even be able to eliminate its meaning. The purpose of this research is to explain the specificity in the use of metaphor, especially concerning the types of gender. This research uses the qualitative method to analyze the data based on the context of meaning that enveloped it. In this research, it was found metaphors that have a particular use, especially concerning gender such as You, The Girl from the Coast, The Girl, The Flower of the Town, Village Kembang, Night Butterfly, the moon, Spanish Guitar, which are the images that have the specific use to describe the topic of women. While, Governor, Daendels, The Village Chief, An Owl, The Servant, Sea Lizards, Blackguard, the Old Man, Garong Cat are the uses of imaging have the specific in describing the topic of men. The implication of this research can be expanded by comparing the metaphors that have imaging sexed women in English would be translated using the metaphor sexed women also in Indonesian, and how metaphors that have imaging sexed man would translate metaphors imagery sexed man also has answered through this research. The recommendation of the researchers suggests for the next researcher to discuss the other figurative languages such as simile, hyperbole, paradox by using its markers.</p>
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BIDIK, Nazlı ÜNLÜ, and Esin CEBER Turfan. "Perceptions of Women in Turkey on the Concepts of “Caesarean Section” and “Vaginal Birth After Caesarean Section”: A Metaphor Analysis." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 23, no. 2 (March 27, 2024): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v23i2.72155.
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Background Determining how women make sense of their birth preferences with metaphor analysis will be an important step in determining perceptions about birth options.
Objective The aim of this study is to examine the perceptions of women who had cesarean section regarding the concept of “cesarean birth” and “Vaginal birth after cesarean section” with metaphor analysis.
Materials and Methods: This study is a qualitative research based on the philosophy of Husserl’s phenomenology, which was carried out between June and November 2022. Within the scope of the research, 50 women who had a cesarean section were interviewed face to face. The metaphor form prepared in line with the international literature was used to determine women’s perceptions of the concept of “Cesarean section” and “Vaginal birth after cesarean section”.
Results 25 metaphors for cesarean birth and 28 metaphors for vaginal birth after caesarean section were identified. Considering the common features and analogy aspects of the metaphors obtained, three themes were determined within the scope of cesarean section and vaginal birth after caesarean section.
Conclusions This study took a unique approach to revealing women’s birth experiences and perceptions. Vaginal birth after caesarean section is a very valuable birth method for women who have had a cesarean section and are curious about the feeling of vaginal birth.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 418-428
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Rossi, Micaela. "Metaphors in scientific discourse: some observations on a Nobel lectures corpus." Signo 48, no. 91 (February 27, 2023): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17058/signo.v48i91.17950.
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This paper aims at describing the role and the different manifestations of metaphor in scientific discourse, drawing a distinction between creative and conventional metaphors. To this end, a corpus composed of nineteen Nobel lectures, delivered by nineteen women, will be analysed by means of the critical discourse analysis theoretical and methodological tool, with particular attention to the framing that metaphor produced in scientific discourse. Our analysis shows that scientific discourse tends to privilege conventional metaphors, rather than creative ones, above all as far as the main shared domain concepts are concerned.
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Ntabo, Victor. "The Role of Plantosemic Metaphors in the Conceptualization of the Males in Ekegusii: A Cognitive Linguistic Approach." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 4, no. 2 (August 5, 2023): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v4i2.568.
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Plants are fundamental in the transference of semantic aspects that are helpful in structuring maleness in society. As a result, plantosemic metaphors which enhance conceptualization of omosacha (a man) are ubiquitous in Ekegusii. This study employed conceptual mappings to evaluate Ekegusii plantosemic metaphors. The study adopted descriptive research design. First, an interview schedule was utilised to establish the terms used to describe men in Ekegusii from 48 Ekegusii native respondents purposively sampled using the criterion of gender. The collected terms were then subjected to the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU) in which four annotators undertook the MIPVU procedure. Through MIPVU, ten metaphors were identified. The study then selected three metaphors that describe a man as a plant hence the Ekegusii plantosemic metaphors for analysis. The study reveals that Ekegusii plantosemic metaphors are critical in validating the culturally assigned roles to men among Abagusii. Moreover, the principle of conceptual mappings is useful in divulging critical issues concerning gender relations between men and women in Gusii. The paper concludes that metaphor is a valuable tool of communication and should be explained using the Cognitive Linguistics framework.
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Ntabo, Victor. "The Role of Plantosemic Metaphors in the Conceptualization of the Males in Ekegusii: A Cognitive Linguistic Approach." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 4, no. 2 (August 5, 2023): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v4i2.568.
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Plants are fundamental in the transference of semantic aspects that are helpful in structuring maleness in society. As a result, plantosemic metaphors which enhance conceptualization of omosacha (a man) are ubiquitous in Ekegusii. This study employed conceptual mappings to evaluate Ekegusii plantosemic metaphors. The study adopted descriptive research design. First, an interview schedule was utilised to establish the terms used to describe men in Ekegusii from 48 Ekegusii native respondents purposively sampled using the criterion of gender. The collected terms were then subjected to the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU) in which four annotators undertook the MIPVU procedure. Through MIPVU, ten metaphors were identified. The study then selected three metaphors that describe a man as a plant hence the Ekegusii plantosemic metaphors for analysis. The study reveals that Ekegusii plantosemic metaphors are critical in validating the culturally assigned roles to men among Abagusii. Moreover, the principle of conceptual mappings is useful in divulging critical issues concerning gender relations between men and women in Gusii. The paper concludes that metaphor is a valuable tool of communication and should be explained using the Cognitive Linguistics framework.
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Beck, Cheryl Tatano. "The Anniversary of Birth Trauma: A Metaphor Analysis." Journal of Perinatal Education 26, no. 4 (2017): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.26.4.219.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of this qualitative secondary data analysis was to identify the metaphors women used to describe their anniversary of their traumatic births. The existing data set that was reanalyzed was from a phenomenological study of the anniversary of birth trauma. Metaphor identification procedure was the method used to identify 8 different metaphors from the women’s descriptions that provided a rich source of insight into their yearly struggles. These metaphors characterized the anniversary of traumatic birth as a great pretender, a lottery, a trigger, a clock watcher, a giant rubber band, a guilt trip, a sea of sadness, and bottled up anger.
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Das, Shantanu. "Metaphors and Metamorphosis:." Crossings: A Journal of English Studies 12 (September 1, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.59817/cjes.v12i.24.
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Ismat Chughtai, a prominent feminist writer of twentieth century India, has often been criticized for her iconoclastic stand on the treatment of female sexuality in her stories though she has always used strong metaphors to subtly express such boldness in her heroines. In “The Homemaker,” she presents the characters, Lajo and Mirza, in a relationship that involves a certain pattern of sexual politics. Mirza, driven by Lajo’s sexuality, falls in love with her, and, bugged by his sense of religiosity and patriarchy, attempts to make a “decent” woman out of her. Chughtai’s brilliant narrative establishes here two strong metaphors, lehnga (a long skirt worn by Indian women) and pyjamas (trousers worn by Indian women), to capture two phases of metamorphosis that Lajo goes through from being a maid to becoming a homemaker first, and then from a maid to a wife, followed by a retreat to being a homemaker again. Drawing from Simon de Beauvoir’s theoretical reflections on sexual politics, this paper will show how Lajo’s journey from lehnga to pyjamas, and her retreat from pyjamas to lehnga metaphorically tell the story of her metamorphosis within the sexual politics of her relationship with Mirza.
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Chon, Ekaterina, and Yoon-kyoung Joh. "New Women Metaphors in Advertisements." Journal of Mirae English Language and Literature 24, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46449/mjell.2019.11.24.4.77.
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el-Aswad, el-Sayed. "Metaphors Arab Women Live By." Hawwa 12, no. 1 (September 2, 2014): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341258.
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Kurnia, Ermi Dyah. "Conceptualization of Women's Physical Beauty in Javanese Metaphors." Sutasoma : Jurnal Sastra Jawa 9, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sutasoma.v9i1.47918.
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Like other societies, women are important figures in Javanese society so that women's figures in Javanese society's thoughts are also described in such a way. There is a desire in the collective imagination of the Javanese community towards women, so that the Javanese people's thoughts about women are very diverse. One of them is the Javanese thought about the physical beauty of women which is idealized through the use of metaphors. This metaphor in Javanese society is an expression of Javanese society to express ideas and dreams through language. This paper aims to find out the metaphorical conceptualization of the physical beauty of women in Javanese. This study uses qualitative methods and conceptual metaphor theory according to Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The results of data analysis show that there is a relationship between the Javanese people and their natural environment in the form of physical and cultural. Physical environment in the form of animals, plants, and other objects around it
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Srivastava, Nidhi, and Rishikesh Nalawade. "Glass Ceiling to Sticky Floor: Analogies of Women Leadership." International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, no. 4 (April 20, 2023): e01300. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1300.
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Purpose: This study intended to investigate the issues associated with the rise of women to senior leadership positions. There have been diverse metaphors or analogies used to describe these barriers. The purpose of the study was to review the major barriers that restricted the growth of woman at senior leadership positions.
Theoretical framework:
Women leadership has been an area of discussion since women started holding powerful positions in the corporate and to do so they face enormous challenges. There have been diverse metaphors used to describe these barriers. These metaphors viz. Glass ceiling, Glass cliff, Queen Bee and Sticky floor shall be considered as major barriers that restrict women to be at top position. (Smith, Caputi, & Crittenden, 2012)
Design/Methodology/Approach:
The study reviewed the different metaphors viz. Glass ceiling, Glass cliff, Queen Bee, Sticky floor and other analogies used to describe the women in power. The study also described various issues and challenges related to woman leadership.
Findings:
There is a lack of awareness amongst corporate leaders regarding the diverse metaphors used for women leadership and which also means that they are knowingly or unknowingly enhancing the hurdles for women at their workplaces. These challenges and situations exist around us, but people are not vigilant and are reluctant to take efforts to tackle or overcome these barriers for women.
Research, Practical and Social implications:
This research suggests that there is a strong urge to sensitize our corporate leaders regarding these widely used metaphors and reasons for using them, especially in a country like India. Here gender discrimination happens right from the birth of a child and continues throughout life.
Originality/Value:
The research contributed to describing the various issues and challenges related to women leadership. The study adds value by presenting the review of the major barriers that restricted the growth of women at senior leadership positions. The analogies express the role and intention of women to hold the strong position they acquire. Research reviewed articles related to analogies used for women leadership in different scenarios at the workplace/organization.
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Choi, Seong-Woo. "Metaphor of Nation and Nationalism." Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 28, no. 3 (October 31, 2023): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.167.
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This study extends prior theoretical discussions on metaphor as a rhetorical topos, a discourse statement, and a cognitive tool, with a particular focus on the metaphor of nation due to its enduring relevance in contemporary discourse. It explores the intricate role of metaphor in shaping, perpetuating, and challenging nationalist discourse, recognizing that metaphors possess a dual capacity to both wield power and constrain truths. The metaphors of the nation, contextualized within the CONTAINMENT metaphor framework, play a pivotal role in the construction and reinforcement of nationalist discourse. From a feminist perspective, nationalist discourse and its associated metaphors are deeply rooted in patriarchal ideals, leading to the marginalization of women and the portrayal of the nation as a patriarchal family or brotherhood. When viewed through colonial and postcolonial lenses, these metaphors reveal concepts of hierarchy and equality between nations. For instance, Rabindranath Tagore metaphorically characterizes the nation as a soulless monster, emphasizing the imperative to reject this notion in favor of fostering a more balanced community that harmonizes both body and spirit. In contrast, Thomas Hobbes employs the metaphor of the commonwealth as a Leviathan, firmly establishing a hierarchical structure that underscores the significance of obedience in the relationship between the soul and the body of the commonwealth, with the soul positioned as superior to its constituent elements. Tagore’s perspective aligns with notions of equality, anti-nationalism, and postcolonialism, whereas Hobbes’ hierarchical view could potentially justify the legitimacy of colonialism.
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Zhao, Xia, Yaoyao Han, and Xincheng Zhao. "A Corpus-based Study of Metaphor in Pavilion of Women." Chinese Semiotic Studies 15, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2019-0006.
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Abstract Pavilion of Women, a vivid and interesting novel from the Nobel Prize winning author Pearl S. Buck, was selected as the corpus of the study. The goals of the research were to identify the metaphors, interpret their distributions in the novel, and construe Buck's metaphorical thoughts. To achieve these goals, the corpus tool Antconc3.2.4w was used to retrieve the keywords of the metaphors. The research results show that Buck uses many conceptual metaphors, and they are distributed in each chapter. Among them, the metaphors with the highest frequency appear in Chapter 7 and the lowest in Chapter 5, which shows that the more complicated and abstract the plot in a chapter, the more metaphors appear in it and vice versa. Meanwhile, structural metaphors appear the most frequently, followed by ontological metaphors, and finally the orientational metaphors. In addition, Pearl Buck’s cognitive context and her metaphorical thinking are found to have a close relationship with Chinese Yin-Yang semiotics and her own life experiences in China.
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Fernandes, Kristina. "Translating English WOMAN IS AN ANIMAL metaphors: Spanish native speakers’ associations with novel metaphors." Linguistik Online 108, no. 3 (May 9, 2021): 33–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.108.7797.
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Animal metaphors are prevalent across languages and convey a variety of, oftentimes negative, meanings – more so for women than men. In English, for example, both lion and lioness refer to a sexually active, dominant man or woman respectively, but while the former is endowed with positive connotations (courage, strength), the latter evokes negative associations (danger, voracity). There are some animal terms, however, that do not feature in animal metaphors in a certain language, posing the question as to which associations are evoked by those animal terms that are not part of conventional animal metaphors. This paper explores Spanish speakers’ interpretations of mappings of the woman is an animal metaphor that are documented to exist in English but not in Spanish. This was tested with two online questionnaires, one employing open questions and the other one Likert scales presenting possible traits (e. g. quarrelsome, kind, promiscuous), in which Spanish speakers had to judge the animal metaphors which were translated from English. The results show that the novel animal metaphors are mainly associated by Spanish native speakers with negative features, first and foremost with ugliness. Additionally, most of the animal terms convey different meanings in English and Spanish. For example, musaraña, the Spanish equivalent of shrew, is not associated with bad temper and quarrelling, but instead with ugliness and muddleheadedness. Furthermore, the findings reveal significant insecurities in the interpretation of the translated metaphors by the Spanish speakers. These results might be an indication for both the arbitrariness and the stableness of associations with different animal species, depending on the speakers’ culture. It also seems that novel animal metaphors mainly provide mental access to unattractiveness as it is a concrete physical feature and might therefore be more accessible than abstract personality traits such as kindness or quarrelsomeness.
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Pąchalska, Maria, and Jolanta Góral-Półrola. "THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF METAPHORS IN PATIENTS AWAKENED FROM POST-TRAUMATIC COMA." Acta Neuropsychologica 18, no. 4 (October 15, 2020): 437–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4987.
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Metaphor simply is defined as a verbal construct with two referents: one literal, based on the ordinary, concrete meanings of the word or words involved, and the other metaphorical, that is one derived from an implicit analogy between the literal referent and some other phenomenon, usually an abstraction that is implied, but not named. The aim of this paper is a description of the neuropsychology of metaphors in patients awakened from post-traumatic coma. A group of 34 patients awakened from post-traumatic coma and treated at the Reintegrative and Teaching Centre of the Polish Neuropsychological Society, Poland during the period 2017- 2019 participated in this study. This group included 15 women and 17 men, with an average age of 31.2 ± 8.72 years; as a group, the women were somewhat older (32.6 ± 9.79 vs. 31.1 ± 9.18). We recorded the patients’ utterances with the use of video record- ings of open-ended conversations, and made occasional efforts to introduce proverbs, idioms, and other metaphors into their conversation, but this was done on an impromptu basis. The analysis of recordings of 100 randomly selected statements obtained from each patient revealed the presence of 4 types of errors: (1) non-comprehension, i.e. the listener’s inability to comprehend the meaning of the metaphor used by the speaker, as indicated by the lack of an adequate response, an expression of puzzlement, or a question as to the meaning of the metaphor used by the speaker; (2) concretization, which occurs when the listener reacts to the literal meaning of the word, phrase, or sentence, rather than its metaphorical referent; (3) misapplication, when the speaker uses a familiar metaphor in an inappropriate context; (4) the use of incomprehensible or bizarre metaphors by the speaker, so that the intended meaning is difficult or impossible for the listener to ascertain. On many occasions, however, the gist of the metaphor emerged at some later point in the discourse, despite the surface problems. It was found that the TBI patients we studied showed a marked tendency in spontaneous conversation to concretize or misunderstand the metaphors used by others, and to use inappropriate or bizarre metaphors in their own speech. On many occasions, however, the gist of the metaphor emerged at some later point in the discourse, despite the surface problems.
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SARPER KAHVECİ, Müge, Elif KARAGÜN, and Alime Ceren ÇİÇEK. "METAPHORS RELATING TO THE CONCEPT OF “WOMAN” OF INDIVIDUALS WHO DO AND DO NOT SPORT." IEDSR Association 7, no. 18 (March 18, 2022): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.515.
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The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of individuals who do and do not do sports about “woman” through metaphor. This research was carried out in accordance with the qualitative research method. After obtaining ethical approval for the research at the beginning of 2022, surveys were prepared via Google Forms, informative announcements were made on social media, and questionnaires were made available online for those who wish to participate voluntarily. A total of 194 people participated in the study, who did and did not exercise regularly. However, as a result of the investigations, 10 questionnaires were not filled in correctly and it was canceled. For this reason, the answers of 184 participants were analyzed. The metaphors of the participants, whose questionnaires were deemed valid, regarding the concept of "women" were evaluated according to the gender variable. Descriptive analyzes were used to analyze and group the data. The data were interpreted by using descriptive statistics in SPSS statistics 25.0 package program and analyzing them according to frequency and % values. When the metaphors developed by the participants are looked at, respectively, about the concept of "woman", starting from the highest level; It was seen that it was explained by associating more with the metaphors in the category of "nature's aesthetics", then "associating with nature", then "meaningful object" and finally "productivity". While female participants mostly associated the aesthetics of nature, then the association with nature, then the metaphors of meaningful objects and original existence, the concept of “woman”; On the other hand, it was determined that men mostly associate them with the aesthetics of nature, then associating with nature, and then with the metaphors of productivity and versatility.
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Dawes, Gregory W. "Analogies, Metaphors and Women as Priests." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 7, no. 1 (February 1994): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x9400700105.
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In discussions regarding the ordination of women to the priesthood in the Catholic Church reference is frequently made to the gender symbolism of Scripture. This article examines this gender symbolism, as it is found in Ephesians 5:21–33, to see what relevance it may have to the question of women's ordination. Its conclusion is that it has relevance only if one has already decided (on other grounds) that “headship” is an essentially male quality.
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Zeng, Huiheng, Dennis Tay, and Kathleen Ahrens. "A multifactorial analysis of metaphors in political discourse." Metaphor and the Social World 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 141–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.19016.zen.
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Abstract The rising prominence of women in politics has sparked a growing interest in comparing the language of male and female politicians. Many researchers have explored whether gender in politics has had an impact on their metaphor styles. While these studies have been oriented qualitatively and have concentrated on the two-way interaction between metaphor and gender, the possibility that metaphor and gender may interact with other additional factors is largely overlooked. This article adopts a quantitatively oriented approach complemented with textual analysis to explore potential multiple-way interactions between ‘metaphor’, ‘gender’, ‘speech section’ and ‘political role’ in political discourse. By conducting a case study of metaphor use in Hong Kong political speeches, we found evidence of gendered metaphors and their variability according to politicians’ political roles and different rhetorical sections in their speeches.
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Wawrzyniuk, Justyna. "Objectification of Women Through Metaphors in Stand-up Comedy. From Cars to Banana Bread." Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature 42, no. 2 (July 19, 2023): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/lsmll.2023.47.2.61-78.
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This paper examines metaphorical expressions labelled under the conceptual metaphor A WOMEN IS AN OBJECT originating from 30 performances by female North American stand-up comedians. By combining the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980/2003) and stand-up comedy research, this corpus- and the dictionary-assisted study examines how women and womanhood are conceptualized in terms of objects such as buildings, food, houseware, or vehicles. The multilevel analysis of the expressions shows that the interplay between the subversive character of stand-up comedy and gendered metaphors allows for reclaiming the power over stereotypical language under the guise of humour.
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Bratić, Vesna, and Milica Vukovic. "Commodification of women through conceptual metaphors: the metaphor woman as a car in the western Balkans." Gender and Language 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2016): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/genl.22009.
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Krainyukov, S. V., and Yu V. Goryunova. "Psychosemantic Analysis of Metaphors in Psychological Counseling." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 29, no. 1 (2021): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2021290110.
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The paper describes the results of a psychosemantic study of metaphors in psychological counseling for adults. The research material consisted of metaphors from the records of 25 open individual psychological consultations. The chosen metaphors were evaluated by 80 respondents (50 women and 30 men) aged 25—54 (Mage=33.08, SD=9.25). The following research methods were used: the content analysis of metaphors and psychological testing in the framework of G. Kelly’s personality constructs and the specialized method of semantic differential. We present our classification of metaphors in psychological counseling. Categorical structures for evaluating metaphors in psychological counseling were identified, and the semantic spaces of metaphors for respondents of different sexes were constructed and analyzed. The results show that respondents evaluated metaphors based on the emotional valence (positive/negative) of the state they caused; the most positively perceived were educational metaphors of counselors that affected the cognitive sphere. Moreover, women found it more important that metaphors caused a state of calm or anxiety, and men paid more attention to funny or melancholy-inducing metaphors.
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Rosato, Jennifer. "Woman as Vulnerable Self: The Trope of Maternity in Levinas's Otherwise Than Being." Hypatia 27, no. 2 (2012): 348–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01189.x.
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Much due criticism has been directed at Levinas's images of the feminine and “the Woman” in Time and the Other and Totality and Infinity, but less attention has been paid to the metaphor of maternity and the maternal body that Levinas employs in Otherwise Than Being. This metaphor should be of interest, however, because here we find an instance in which Levinas uses a female image without in any way seeming to exclude women from full ethical selfhood.In the first three sections of this paper I explain how maternity functions in Otherwise Than Being. I argue that maternity is used as (1) an image of the vulnerability or passive sensibility that characterizes the relation with the Other, as well as (2) a metaphor for Levinas's account of ethical responsibility as substitution. In the final section of the paper, I defend the claim that Levinas's maternal metaphors are not disparaging to real, empirical women. I also discuss a remaining worry that feminists may have about the metaphor: namely, that it characterizes pregnancy and motherhood in ways that challenge some pro‐choice assumptions.
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Pham, Thuy Giang. "Conceptual Metaphor “WOMEN ARE ANIMALS” In 20th-century Vietnamese Literature." ICTE Conference Proceedings 3 (January 6, 2023): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54855/ictep.2333.
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From the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics, the paper analyzes the conceptual metaphor WOMEN ARE ANIMALS in 20th-century Vietnamese literary works. The theoretical framework for this study includes the Conceptual Metaphor Theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1980), the Great Chain of Being model of Lakoff and Turner (1989), and the Metaphor Identification Procedure of Pragglejaz Group (2007). Through a survey of 50 short stories and novels written by famous Vietnamese authors, 6 low-level metaphors as well as the mapping mechanism from the source domain to the target domain, is discovered and explained. The findings reveal that women are mainly portrayed as wild animals, livestock, pets, or birds. Metaphorical linguistic expressions, then, convey a biased view towards the low and inferior role and position of women in the family and society. Negative ideological values in the representation of women are explored to show that women are considered to be small, weak, dependent on men, and serve as their recreation. Vietnamese people's thinking and cultural characteristics are also reflected in this metaphor.
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Ritchie, David. "Reclaiming a unified American narrative." Metaphor and the Social World 9, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.18019.rit.
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Abstract As part of an on-going project to apply metaphor analysis to understanding the cultural polarization that has recently obstructed discourse about political and cultural issues in both the United States and Europe, this essay examines the lexical, grammatical, and story metaphors in a recent editorial column, by conservative columnist Ross Douthat, that also focuses on this topic. In a key section of the essay, Douthat uses a blend of complex grammatical and lexical metaphors to highlight the contrast between the traditional American identity narrative of settlement and conquest and a recently emerged liberal counter-narrative, which Douthat epitomizes by quoting former President Obama’s repeated insistence that “That’s not who we are.” Douthat’s argument is contextualized by the reproduction of an image with the title “Engraving of a massacre of Indian women and children in Idaho by 19th century white settlers,” which strengthens the contrasts and implied ironies embedded in his complex combination of grammatical and lexical metaphors. These relationships are brought into sharp focus through the metaphor-led analysis of the text and its interaction with the image, demonstrating the value of this approach to discourse analysis.
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Majewska, Magdalena. "Pirania i harpia – metafory kobiecości w felietonach Małgorzaty Domagalik." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 22 (2022): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2022.22.12.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the metaphors referring to women in Małgorzata Domagalik’s columns. The columnist shows two types of female personalities: pirania (the Piranha) and harpia (the Harpy). The author discusses how Domagalik transforms the stereotype of women using the metaphors in question. Piranhas are very insecure women who hate everything that is different, whereas harpies are extraordinary, unorthodox, and demanding a lot fromthemselves and from others. The methodological structure is based on linguistic and cultural analysis of metaphors present in Małgorzata Domagalik’s columns.
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Motlagh, Afsaneh Askar. "Traveling Ever Toward Freedom: A Metaphorical Feminist Study of Colson Whitehead’s the Underground Railroad." Romanian Journal of English Studies 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjes-2020-0006.
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Abstract There is a growing interest in cognitive approaches to literature in recent years; undoubtedly conceptual metaphor has become one of the favourite topics for analysis. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Metaphors We Live By (1980), assert that metaphor is not just a matter of words; rather it is inherently conceptual and conceptual metaphors help us comprehend abstract concepts in terms of more concrete ones. This article proposes that metaphor is used to overcome the inadequacy of language in the face of indescribable phenomena, such as slavery, racism and multiple oppressions of black women throughout history in Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad (2016). Patricia Collins tries to convey through her work, Black Feminist Thought (2000), which will be used here, that all these oppressions exist even today. The result of this study indicates that Whitehead has picked up and given life to the old slavery story to emotionally engage a global audience at the present time, when racial hatred seems to be a thing of the past.
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Ahuja, Atula, Suparak Techacharoenrungrueang, and Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin. "Metaphors of womanhood in the literary works of contemporary Indian writers." Metaphor Variation in Englishes around the World 4, no. 1 (September 22, 2017): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.4.1.07ahu.
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Abstract This study examines the notion of womanhood in the literary works of contemporary Indian authors by analyzing conceptual metaphors of womanhood. More specifically, the data collected in this study are metaphorical expressions (MEs) from nine fictional works set in India’s three main ethnically and linguistically diverse regions occupied by three linguistic groups, namely, the Indo-Aryan, the Dravidian, and the Tibeto-Burmese. The identification of MEs follows the Metaphor Identification Procedure VU University Amsterdam (MIPVU; Steen et al. 2010a). The analysis focuses on cross-cultural variation in conceptual metaphor, applying Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT; Lakoff & Johnson 1980) and the cognitive dimension of socio-cultural diversity proposed by Kövecses (2008). Through the analysis of conceptual metaphor, the paper provides insights into the current social context regarding the status and roles of women in India.
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Vongalis-Macrow, Athena. "Worker Bees and Wild Roses: The Pleasure and Pain of Mid-Career Female Academics." Advancing Women in Leadership Journal 36 (June 9, 2017): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/awlj-v36.a17.
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Drawing on self-identified metaphorical expressions that represent women at work, this paper discusses how a group of mid- career academic women experience their work and workplace. The research was prompted by consistently high number of female academics who remain in the mid-levels in the academic career ladder despite research that shows this group is ambitious and holds leadership aspirations. Understanding the experiences at the mid-career levels, by gaining insights into their workplace experiences, may further our knowledge of how to advance women in leadership. The research draws on the metaphoric descriptions provided by 28 mid-career women working across three Australian universities. Metaphors elicit hidden and implicit values about how the subjects respond and give meaning to their work and working conditions and have been used in organisational practices to disclose underlying issues. The findings discuss the positive and negative work and workplace associations disclosed by the participants. However, the findings suggests that women find pleasure and desire in and through their work. It is through their work that academic women experience self-expression, creativity and adding value. By focussing on the value of doing academic work and the rewards of contributing to academia, there is potential to enhance the capacity for mid-career women to thrive in academia and build the foundations for leadership. Keywords: metaphors, mid-career academics, women, higher education
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Refaie, Elisabeth EL, Alida Payson, Berit Bliesemann de Guevara, and Sofia Gameiro. "Pictorial and spatial metaphor in the drawings of a culturally diverse group of women with fertility problems." Visual Communication 19, no. 2 (July 4, 2018): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357218784622.
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Metaphor has been shown to be pervasive in the way people talk and write about a whole range of diseases, including infertility. Indeed, some of the most conventional of these metaphorical expressions have become so entrenched in particular discourse communities that they are used unconsciously and automatically, even by people who do not, in fact, agree with their underlying ideological implications. As the authors argue in this article, eliciting visual metaphors in the form of drawings may reveal the meaning-making processes of individuals in a way that more richly reflects their unique experiences, including those that challenge or disrupt dominant cultural models. Based on an analysis of drawings created by a group of women in Wales from diverse ethnic and religious backgrounds, the authors show the importance of taking into account both explicit pictorial metaphors and any metaphorical meanings suggested by spatial composition, as well as the specific socio-cultural context in which they were created.
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Dumitriu, Diana-Luiza, and Elena Negrea-Busuioc. "Sports metaphors and women’s empowerment in the 2014 European election campaign in Romania." Metaphor and the Social World 7, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.7.2.03dum.
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Abstract This paper examines sports metaphors as symbolic resources for electoral discourse, focusing on both their conventional nature and their strategic value in delivering the political message. It takes the form of a case study analyzing the multimodal realizations of the ‘EuroChampion’ sports metaphor in five posters used by the Romanian Liberal Party in the 2014 campaign for the European Parliament. We argue that the ‘EuroChampion’ metaphor and the richness of sports imagery are strategically used to enhance deeper doctrinal party positioning, such as promoting meritocracy and competitiveness, while, at the same time, empowering women candidates in the election.
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Carli, Linda L., and Alice H. Eagly. "Women face a labyrinth: an examination of metaphors for women leaders." Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, no. 8 (November 2016): 514–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-02-2015-0007.
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Ivančević, Tamara. "How we speak and think about gender: Conceptual metaphors in the Serbian language." Genero, no. 24 (2020): 113–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/genero2024113i.
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The influence of human experience on observations about different physical and non-physical entities has been ignored and even denied for a long time within the framework of Western philosophy, which has been occupied with the question of language, among other things. Mark Johnson and George Lakoff's cognitive approach to language, which developed in the 1980s, has shown that ways in which people interact with their environment have a strong effect on the ways of understanding concepts. Such understandings, if not entirely then in a fair degree, are realized by metaphors that therefore cease to be primary and only defined as a stylistic device. Taking into account that gender and/or its contextual background are often overlooked in many analyses of conceptual metaphors, this paper endeavours to examine the abstractness of the concepts woman and man through the research in The Corpus of Contemporary Serbian. If the human understanding of abstract concepts comes, at least partially, through metaphors, and woman and man as a subcategory of the concept human are abstract, then man and woman must also be represented through one of the possible forms of the metaphor - metaphorical linguistic expressions. At the same time, the social context in which we are talking and thinking about women and men is marked by contemporary patriarchy and heteronormativity, and this is by no means negligible in its closer definition. Woman and man do not exist, or it is unimportant if they exist beyond human construction and imaginative conceptualization. The fact that something is a construct does not mean that it is without real and dangerous consequences.
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Souza, Amanda Maria Bicudo de. "Women’s representations in advertisements: conceptual explorations / As representações das mulheres em propagandas: explorações conceptuais." REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM 28, no. 2 (May 5, 2020): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.28.2.747-776.
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Abstract: Unlike traditional visions show, metaphors are present not only in literary language, but also in everyday, scientific and philosophical languages. It is through the metaphors that we conceptualize the world and understand the most abstract concepts that we have. Based on this premise, this study investigates the conceptual metaphors found in advertisements of women’s magazines, based on the theories: the theory of conceptual metaphor proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (2002), considerations of Kovecses (2002) about this theory and particular character of metaphors in advertisements, as proposed by Velasco-Sacristán (2010) and Ungerer (2003). The purposes of this research are to examine how the metaphors conceptualize the product advertised and how they reveal the social representation of women. The research was done through analysis of four advertisements taken from the magazines: Nova (Dec. 2008), Marie Claire (Oct. 2008), Cláudia (July 2009) and one advertisement taken from a website, published in 2020. The results show that conceptual metaphors are tools used by propagandists in the creation of advertisements based on stereotypes, representations and ideologies of particular group to which the advertisement is intended. Such resources tend to persuade the reader to purchase the product released.Keywords: metaphor; conceptual metaphor; advertisements.Resumo: Ao contrário do que mostram visões tradicionais, a metáfora não está presente somente na linguagem literária, mas também nas linguagens: cotidiana, científica e filosófica. É por meio das metáforas que nós conceptualizamos o mundo e compreendemos a maioria dos conceitos abstratos que temos. Com base nesse postulado, o presente estudo investiga as metáforas conceptuais presentes em propagandas de revistas femininas, tendo como pressupostos teóricos: a teoria da Metáfora Conceptual, proposta por Lakoff e Johnson (2002), as considerações de Kovecses (2002) acerca dessa teoria e o caráter particular das metáforas em propagandas, como proposto por Velasco-Sacristán (2010) e Ungerer (2003). Os objetivos dessa investigação são verificar o modo como as metáforas conceptualizam o produto divulgado e em que medida elas revelam a representação social da mulher. A pesquisa foi realizada através da análise de duas propagandas, retiradas das revistas: Nova (dez. 2008) e Marie Claire (out. 2008). Os resultados mostram que as metáforas conceptuais são ferramentas utilizadas pelos propagandistas na elaboração das propagandas, com base em estereótipos, representações e ideologias de determinado público-alvo ao qual a propaganda é destinada. Tais recursos tendem a persuadir o leitor a adquirir o produto divulgado.Palavras-chave: metáfora; metáfora conceptual; propagandas.
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Moratti, Sofia. "Contemporary Fairy Tales: Narrating Women Academics Through Metaphors." Feminist Encounters: A Journal of Critical Studies in Culture and Politics 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20897/femenc/11157.
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Lemmo, Daniela, Maria Luisa Martino, and Maria Francesca Freda. "Cancer Prevention Sense Making and Metaphors in Young Women’s Invented Stories." Healthcare 10, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112179.
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Despite the proven effectiveness of cancer prevention, the literature highlights numerous obstacles to the adoption of screening, even at a young age. In cancer discourse, the metaphor of war is omnipresent and reflects an imperative demand to win the war against disease. From the psychodynamic perspective, the risk of cancer forecasts an emotionally critical experience for which it is important to study mental representations concerning illness and health care. Through the creation of an invented story that offers a framework for imagination, our aim is to understand what the relationship with preventive practices in oncology means for young women and how this relationship is revealed by their metaphors. A total of 58 young women voluntarily participated in the present research, answering a narrative prompt. The stories written by the participants were analyzed using qualitative methodology to identify construct, themes and metaphors. Our findings identify four constructs: the construction of a defense: youth as protection; the attribution of blame about cancer risk; learning from experience as a prevention activator; and from inaccessibility to access to preventive practices: the creation of engagement. The construction of an invented story allows us to promote a process of prefiguration on the bodily, affective and thought planes invested in preventive practice and brings out the use of metaphors to represent cancer risk and self-care. The results allow us to think about the construction of interventions to promote engagement processes in prevention from an early age.