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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Women – Islamic countries

Academic literature on the topic 'Women – Islamic countries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Dissertations / Theses
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Journal articles on the topic "Women – Islamic countries"

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Douki, S., F. Nacef, A. Belhadj, A. Bouasker, and R. Ghachem. "Violence against women in Arab and Islamic countries." Archives of Women's Mental Health 6, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-003-0170-x.

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Göle, Nilüfer. "Islamism, Feminism and Post-Modernism: Women's Movements in Islamic Countries." New Perspectives on Turkey 19 (1998): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600003022.

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We thought “isms” were dead after our disillusionment with socialist utopian thinking in practice. But in the last two decades, new “isms,” Islamism, feminism and postmodernism, each very distinct, have changed our lives as much as our conceptions of ourselves and our societies. Feminism redefined woman's identity and, by the same token, changed the relations between man and woman; Islamism brought Muslim actors to modern politics, in which the veiling of women blurs habitual distinctions between public and private, traditional and modern; and post-modernism-by pursuing the critique initiated by new social movements for egalitarian, progressive, emancipatory values of enlightened modernity-challenged the central and hierarchical place occupied by the West as standard-bearer of modernity. Despite their differences, each movement—feminism as a social movement, Islamism as an anti-systemic movement, and postmodernism as a movement of ideas—changed definitions and perceptions of woman, Islam and modernity.

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Madera, Adelaide. "Juridical Bonds of Marriage for Jewish and Islamic Women." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 11, no. 1 (December 10, 2008): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x0900163x.

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This paper examines the condition of women in both Israel and Islamic countries, specifically their freedom to leave a marriage, and compares respective models. First, the study analyses the peculiar relationship between secular and religious law in Israel and Islamic countries. Second, it studies the nature of marriage as a contract in these legal systems, comparing a totally private approach and a mixed, public–private approach. Third, it analyses the possibilities of dissolution of marriage in such legal systems, indentifying some aspects of gender disparity. Finally it discusses some juridical tools offered in these legal contexts, which are intended to rebalance the exercise of a woman's freedom to leave a marital relationship and its conditions.

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Bagasharov, K., R. Shaikenova, G. Tabashev, and N. Tutinova. "Status of women in society in pre-islamic period." Adam alemi 4, no. 86 (December 15, 2020): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2020.4/1999-5849.11.

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The relevance of this study is related to the status of women in society in the pre-Islamic periiod. The introduction discusses the relevance of the work. This topic has been relevant since past times, and to this day it is just as relevant not only in individual regions, but throughout the world. Before writing the main part, a brief comparative analysis of the rights and position of women in ancient civilizations such as the Greek civilization, the kingdom of mana (Hinduism), Judaism and the Arab countries before the Islamic period was made. The main part was devoted to the consideration of women’s rights in marriage and family relations. In various social classes, the degree of women was low. The main goal is to reveal and not recognize the rights of women in society, marriage and family. In the pre-Islamic period, women had no rights in Arab society. In the period of ignorance of the Arabs, girls were buried alive. Islam also shows that women are also human and have the same rights as men. After analyzing the pre-Islamic period, in the final part, examples were given of immorality and ignorance towards a woman, and with the advent of true religions, all these actions were canceled, and the status of a woman was elevated.

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Haryanti, Erni. "New Era of Muslim Women in Malay World: The Contested Women's Advancement in Decision Making Bodies." International Journal of Nusantara Islam 1, no. 2 (June 6, 2014): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v1i1.38.

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Malay world has been experiencing the conflicting and converging international influences of globalization and rapid Islamisation in many significant aspects of the countries. One of the issues is that the impact of the agenda of advancement of women‟s life to achieve gender equality promoted by international agencies. Among other women‟s improvement agenda is that woman in decision making bodies. On the other hand, the growing visible Islamic movement (and/or Islamic fundamentalism - Islamism) which may significantly grow among Malay societies would unavoidably create different ideas, attitudes and practices compared to other Muslim world. This paper explores myriad aspects of women‟s empowerment transforming into decision making bodies in the nuances of an affirmative action a recommendation of series of international conference on women. Through finding similarities and differences between the two Muslim majority countries, the support toward Muslim women‟s empowerment in decision making bodies is formally acknowledged in state regulations. Although women of Southeast Asian region are culturally recognized to have a high status and well engagement with public sphere, in the implementation of women representing themselves in political sphere has a little difference. In term of discourses Indonesia has much flourished ideas and closer to the ideas of international agenda than that of Malaysia. In the overall Malay world would gradually show its openness, tolerance and positive adaptation as a part of world society, although it cannot avoidably be departed from international agenda of both carrying Islamic and non-Islamic values.

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Ahangar, Mohd Altaf Hussain. "Succession Rights of Muslim Women in the Modern World: An Analytical Appraisal." Arab Law Quarterly 28, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12341275.

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Islam allows women the right to succession on the principle of a double share to a man and a single share to a woman. This principle is in reality an improvement on the operating law even in the 19th century wherein women were totally excluded from succession. Presently all Muslims are not governed by a uniform succession law. There are Muslim countries where the Shari‛ah is followed in theory while in reality a woman is excluded from inheritance. There are Muslim countries where Muslim women are allowed equal succession rights with men. Most non-Muslim countries have a uniform law of succession for all its citizens. This article addresses the question as to whether the modern law operating particularly in non-Muslim countries in comparison to Islamic law does better justice to nearer female heirs.

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ROSS, MICHAEL L. "Oil, Islam, and Women." American Political Science Review 102, no. 1 (February 2008): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055408080040.

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Women have made less progress toward gender equality in the Middle East than in any other region. Many observers claim this is due to the region's Islamic traditions. I suggest that oil, not Islam, is at fault; and that oil production also explains why women lag behind in many other countries. Oil production reduces the number of women in the labor force, which in turn reduces their political influence. As a result, oil-producing states are left with atypically strong patriarchal norms, laws, and political institutions. I support this argument with global data on oil production, female work patterns, and female political representation, and by comparing oil-rich Algeria to oil-poor Morocco and Tunisia. This argument has implications for the study of the Middle East, Islamic culture, and the resource curse.

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Perešin, Anita. "Why Women from the West are Joining ISIS." International Annals of Criminology 56, no. 1-2 (November 2018): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2018.19.

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AbstractMore than 550 Western women have moved to Syria and Iraq to join the “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” (ISIS), showing a success of ISIS in attracting women from the West that no other jihadist group had before. To explain the reasons for such success, it is important to understand how ISIS lures women from the West, why ISIS persuasion tools are so successful, what motivates women to join such a notorious terrorist group, famous for its brutal violence, mistreatment and enslavement of women and what role women expected to play in the “Islamic State.” Understanding the motives why ISIS Western female migrants left their Western countries of residence and moved to ISIS-controlled territories is crucial to find appropriate measures to prevent and stop the radicalization of women, to cut the support that ISIS receives from its female sympathizers, to properly treat female returnees and to prepare appropriate measures against women ready to plot against their countries of residence in the name of ISIS goals.

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Zuhdi, M. Nurdin. "Perempuan Dalam Revivalisme (Gerakan Revivalisme Islam dan Politik Anti Feminisme di Indonesia)." Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 9, no. 2 (July 30, 2010): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2010.92.237-257.

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Conversations about women will never cease to be discussed. Because of concerns about women's studies has always been an issue that attracts attention. But unfortunately, the conversation about women in Islam has always rested on the conclusion that Islam is less or even no female friendly. It has been proven in every blade of which is recorded by history in which the marginalization of women is still happening everywhere and in almost all fields, both in the workplace, in households, communities, cultures and even countries. Marginalization of women does not only occur in Islam alone, even going in the other major religions such as Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism and Buddhism. And in conversation, every woman always on the contested positions, especially in the discourse of the Islamic revival movement that will be discussed in this article. Movement of Islamic revivalism has thought that leads to return to the teachings of religion. However, in the context of women who claimed to be returning to the teachings of religion is a house of women, ie. women returning to domestication. Here, the struggle against the rise of the women's movement into thinking clashed with the Islamic revival. This article tried to explain the thoughts and ideas of the Islamic revival movement and their implications for the progress and the rise of women in Indonesia.

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Makanda, Joseph, Emmanuel Matambo, and Vumile Mncibi. "The Syrian Conflict and “Women Terrorists”." Contemporary Arab Affairs 11, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2018): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2018.000014.

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Studies on terrorism have often taken the usual bias towards studying and analyzing phenomena from a male-dominated perspective. The current article looks at jihadi feminism as a growing trend in contemporary terrorism. The paper argues that there is an increase of women from both traditionally Muslim and traditionally non-Muslim regions joining ISIS and taking part in the Syrian war on the side of Islamic extremists. The paper argues that women from Western countries, because of their understanding of feminism, are more combatant in championing religious terrorism than are women who have been brought up in Islamic role, who see their role mainly as that of helper of terrorist activists rather than active participants.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women – Islamic countries"

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Fischer-Kamel, Doris Sofie 1934. "THE MIDWIFE IN HISTORY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON PRACTICE IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE AND IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276411.

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Razee, Husna Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "???Being a Good Woman???: suffering and distress through the voices of women in the Maldives." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27258.

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This ethnographic study explored the social and cultural context of Maldivian women???s emotional, social and psychological well-being and the subjective meanings they assign to their distress. The central question for the study was: How is suffering and distress in Maldivian women explained, experienced, expressed and dealt with? In this study participant observation was enhanced by lengthy encounters with women and with both biomedical and traditional healers. The findings showed that the suffering and distress of women is embedded in the social and economic circumstances in which they live, the nature of gender relations and how culture shapes these relations, the cultural notions related to being a good woman; and how culture defines and structures women???s place within the family and society. Explanations for distress included mystical, magical and animistic causes as well as social, psychological and biological causes. Women???s experiences of distress were mainly expressed through body metaphors and somatization. The pathway to dealing with their distress was explained by women???s tendency to normalize their distress and what they perceived to be the causes of their distress. This study provides an empirical understanding of Maldivian women???s mental well-being. Based on the findings of this study, a multi dimensional model entitled the Mandala for Suffering and Distress is proposed. The data contributes a proposed foundation upon which mental health policy and mental health interventions, and curricula for training of health care providers in the Maldives may be built. The data also adds to the existing global body of evidence on social determinants of mental health and enhances current knowledge and developments in the area of cultural competency for health care. The model and the lessons learnt from this study have major implications for informing clinicians on culturally congruent ways of diagnosing and managing mental health problems and developing patient-centred mental health services.

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Ardehali, Golshid. "Droit et pratique de la convention sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l’égard des femmes de l’ONU de 1979 dans les pays de culture musulmane -l’Égypte, l’Arabie Saoudite et l’Iran-." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30045.

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Mesurer l’impact des réserves Charia sur l’application des dispositions essentielles de la Convention sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l’égard des femmes (la CEDEF) est l’élément principal de cette étude. À cette fin, le statut juridique de la Femme est examiné, à la lumière des dispositions de la Convention, dans trois pays de culture musulmane (Egypte, Arabie Saoudite et Iran). La présente étude tend à démonter que le statut moindre de la Femme, dans les pays de culture musulmane, est la conséquence de la primauté de l’Islam, en tant que doctrine politico-religieuse, au sein des sociétés civiles. L’étude met l’accent sur l’antagonisme qui existe entre le droit international positif, de nature essentiellement séculaire, et le droit religieux, d’essence divine en vigueur dans la majorité des États de culture musulmane. Elle insiste également sur cette réalité persistante qui consiste, dans de nombreux pays, à nier l’application des droits humains aux femmes, au prétexte de leur incompatibilité avec la loi religieuse supérieure. C’est l’ambition de cette recherche que de proposer que, seule, une séparation nette, de la Religion et du Droit serait à même de garantir l’application universelle et uniforme du droit international de l’Homme et la Femme
Measuring the impact of Sharia reservations on the application of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is the principal subject of this paper. In this respect, the legal status of women is examined, in the light of the Convention (CEDAW), within three Muslim countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Iran). The present study tries to demonstrate that the lesser status of Muslim women is the result of Islam’s primacy, as a politico-religious ideology, within civil societies. The paper emphasizes on the existing irreconcilable conflict between, the international positive law, essentially of secular nature, and the religious law, mainly of divine nature. This paper also advocates that the persistent denial of basic human rights of women in Muslim countries is mainly due to the incompatibility of those rights with imposed religious norms (sharia law). In it’s ambition this study aims to prove that only a strict separation between law and religion could guarantee the universal application of human rights of men and women

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Tuppurainen, Anne Johanna. "Challenges faced by Muslim women : an evaluation of the writings of Leila Ahmed, Elizabeth Fernea, Fatima Mernissi and Amina Wadud." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3951.

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The subject and the scope of this study are the challenges faced by Muslim women in contemporary societies as presented by the four prominent authors: Leila Ahmed, Elizabeth Fernea, Fatima Mernissi and Amina Wadud. The methodology applied to the literary analysis is the feminist-qualitative research approach in religious studies with specific reference to Islamic feminist studies. Many Muslim women scholars criticise the study of Third World women as objects of study-cases who are rarely heeded as serious scholars. Misconceptions about Islam and Muslim women are common in Western society. Previous studies have not dealt with the issue satisfactorily and failed to provide a holistic picture. The challenges faced by Muslim women have been interpreted against a Western feminist framework, thus causing more harm than good. The resultant predicament is the subject of this study in which Muslim women’s own attitudes and responses to their present circumstances and future prospects are explored. How and why Muslim women are challenged? How do they envisage the resolution of these challenges? The purpose of this study is to provide a framework that can give an adequate account of challenges as seen by Muslim women and to evaluate strategies that can provide suitable solutions to these challenges. Firstly, an objective Giele/Smock/Engineer framework was developed with reference to the most pressing challenges (articulated in well-documented definitions and descriptions) faced by Muslim women in contemporary societies. These key issues of women’s rights on political participation, education, work, family, and social participation were discussed and analysed in the light of this women-centred approach with specific reference to the writings of four prominent women authors: Leila Ahmed, Elizabeth Fernea, Fatima Mernissi and Amina Wadud. Each author has brought her own particular perspective and area of expertise into the discussion – sometimes arguing among with the other authors in a virtual ‘roundtable’ discussion; at times joining hands in mutual agreement. Finally, Muslim women’s struggle against injustice was subjected to critical scrutiny with particular attention to common strategies and solutions that the four authors have used and developed in the light of the modern debate. It is in the latter discussion that the study reached its ultimate goal by determining how the challenges have been met. Moreover, Islamic feminism was assessed to determine how it related to and coped with social change and how effective it has been in seeking to assert rights of and find justice for women through historical, anthropological, socio-political and hermeneutical approach.
Religious Studies
D. Th. (Religious Studies)

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Books on the topic "Women – Islamic countries"

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Businesswomen Forum in Islamic Countries ( 2nd 2006 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). Proceedings of the 2nd Businesswomen Forum in Islamic Countries. Karachi: Islamic Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 2007.

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The status of women under Islamic law and modern Islamic legislation. 3rd ed. Boston: Brill, 2009.

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Harem histories: Envisioning places and living spaces. Durham [NC]: Duke University Press, 2010.

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Wani, M. A. The Islamic law on maintenance of women, children, parents & other relatives: Classical principles and modern legislations in India and Muslim countries. Noonamy, Kashmir: Upright Study Home, 1995.

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Spellberg, D. A. Politics, gender, and the Islamic past: The legacy of A̋i̓shabint Abi Bakr. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.

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Spellberg, D. A. Politics, gender, and the Islamic past: The Legacy of ʻAʼisha bint Abi Bakr. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.

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Kimball, Michelle R. Muslim women throughout the world: A bibliography. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1997.

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Women, Islam, and international law within the context of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2009.

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Self-determination and women's rights in Muslim societies. Waltham, Mass: Brandeis University Press, 2012.

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Baden, Sally. The position of women in Islamic countries: Possibilities, constraints and strategies for change : report prepared for Special Programme WID, Netherlands Ministry of Foriegn Affairs (DGIS). Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Women – Islamic countries"

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Asli, Mehrdad Rayejian, and Mojgan Amrollahi Byouki. "Forced Marriage in Islamic Countries: The Role of Violence in Family Relationships." In Women and Children as Victims and Offenders: Background, Prevention, Reintegration, 729–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08398-8_26.

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Gerner, Debbie J. "Roles in Transition: The Evolving Position of Women in Arab–Islamic Countries *." In Muslim Women, 71–99. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003074519-6.

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"VII. The Situation of Women in Islamic Countries." In Islam in the World Today, 619–81. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9780801464836-039.

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"The changing role of women in the Islamic retail environment." In Retailing Environments in Developing Countries, 229–41. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203976715-26.

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Shaikh, Salman Ahmed. "Women in OIC Countries: State of Participation, Freedom and Supportive Legislation." In Economic Empowerment of Women in the Islamic World, 509–21. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811212154_0024.

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Majeed, Muhammad Tariq. "Women Empowerment and Globalization Evidence from the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Countries." In Economic Empowerment of Women in the Islamic World, 191–216. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811212154_0010.

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Majeed, Muhammad Tariq. "Is Press Freedom an Effective Tool to Empower Women? Empirical Evidence from Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Countries." In Economic Empowerment of Women in the Islamic World, 243–64. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811212154_0012.

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Ouragini, Imen Ben Ammar. "The Impact of Islamic Religion on Women's Entrepreneurship." In Understanding the Relationship Between Religion and Entrepreneurship, 214–29. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1802-1.ch009.

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The role of entrepreneurship in economic development is undeniable, and the countries' growth progress is owing to their human resources' capital. As population is constituted of men and women, gender is considered in the mainstream researches. Although the number of women entrepreneurs have been increasing, researches focusing on the relationship that links women to entrepreneurship are still studying the question of religion, specifically Islamic religion, and its impact on entrepreneurship. Indeed, along this chapter, the authors try to re-examine the relationship that links entrepreneurship to culture since religion is a major component of culture. Then, they attempt to present the essence of their research, which is entrepreneurship and religion. And finally, they explore factors that may influence women's entrepreneurship performance as family support, education, government, and personal determinants like motivation and eventual efforts.

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Wahid, Ishret Binte, and Mohammed Kamaruzzaman. "Migration, Muslim Women, and Social Reproduction of Gender Inequality." In Handbook of Research on Women's Issues and Rights in the Developing World, 334–53. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3018-3.ch021.

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Does international migration have a role to reproduce unequal gender relation in a patriarchal society? How does it make such role? How does it further implicate people's religious as well as cultural practices? These are the questions have been addressed in this paper. It takes the case of Bangladesh, a South Asian Muslim-majority country with millions of international labour migrants to different Middle East and Gulf countries including Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain. This international migration makes very positive financial contributions to the migrants and their families at origins, mostly in rural villages. The paper makes it focus on social outcomes, especially on household level gender relations with such migration. Taking up the idea of ‘social remittances', it argues that these migrants, mostly men, experience with a range of ‘Islamic' norms and practices in destinations, and send back those to origins for religious obligations. These norms and practices largely include discouraging female household members, especially wives, to earn or go outside without purdah in line with the perceived ‘Islam'. The paper explains that such ‘social remittances' encourage the female household members to be ‘good' Muslim women along with the reproduction of gender inequality between women and men.

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Orozobekova, Almakan. "Women Joining Violent Islamist Non-State Actors in Syria and Iraq: The Case of Central Asia." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nhsdp200074.

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Women joining illicit fighting groups is not a new topic. However, since the emergence of the Islamic State and other jihadist groups in Syria and Iraq, various individuals, including women, went to the combat zones and joined these groups in unprecedented numbers. While the number of men certainly exceeds the number of women, the pattern of radicalization and recruitment of women to the conflict zones remains a puzzle, given the diversity of cases and the countries the women come from. This article focuses on the cases of women from Central Asia who went to the conflict zones in Syria and Iraq since 2011. Included are examples of not only women who voluntarily chose to go to these conflict zones but also the much larger group of women who were taken, involuntarily, to the combat zones by their husbands. Many of these women have been encouraged or coerced by their husbands to go to these conflict zones. Family dynamics and the subservient role of wives in Central Asia may be influential, the decision to travel to conflict zones is to a greater extent about dependency and to a lesser extent about agency. In general, both findings demonstrate the complexity of the recruitment and mobilization processes.

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Conference papers on the topic "Women – Islamic countries"

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"Standardization or Adaptation of Marketing Communication in Islamic Countries Clothing Market? Case Study on Iranian Women." In 3rd International Conference on Gender Research. ACPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/igr.20.086.

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Jenko, Aladin. "Divorce problems Divorce from a man does not occur except in court model." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp238-250.

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"Divorce is considered a form of family disintegration that leads to the demolition of the family and family pillars after its construction through the marriage contract and then the termination of all social ties between husband and wife and often between their relatives. Divorce rates have risen to frightening levels that threaten our Islamic societies. Among the most important causes of divorce in our society are the following: The failure of one or both spouses in the process of adapting to the other through the different nature of the spouses and their personalities, the interference of the parents, the lack of harmony and compatibility between the spouses, the bad relationship and the large number of marital problems, the cultural openness, the absence of dialogue within the family. Several parties have sought to develop possible solutions to this dangerous phenomenon in our society, including: Establishment of advisory offices to reduce divorce by social and psychological specialists, and include the issue of divorce within the educational and educational curricula in a more concerned manner that shows the extent of the seriousness of divorce and its negative effects on the individual, family and society, and the development of an integrated policy that ensures the treatment of the causes and motives leading to divorce in the community, as well as holding conferences. Scientific and enlightening seminars and awareness workshops and the need for religious institutions and their media platforms to play a guiding and awareness role of the danger and effects of divorce on family construction and society, and to educate community members about the dangers of divorce and the importance of maintaining the husband’s bond and stability. As well as reviewing some marriage legislation and regulations, such as raising the age of marriage and reconsidering the issue of underage marriage, which is witnessing a rise in divorce rates. Among the proposed solutions is the demand to withdraw the power of divorce from the man's hands and place it in the hands of the judge, to prevent certain harm to women, or as a means to prevent the frequent occurrence of divorce. The last proposition created a problem that contradicts the stereotypical image of divorce in Islamic law, for which conditions and elements have been set, especially since Islamic Sharia is the main source of personal status laws in most Islamic countries. Therefore, the importance of this research is reflected in the study of this solution and its effectiveness as a means to prevent the spread of divorce, and not deviate from the pattern specified for it according to Sharia."

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Prakoso, S., and I. Timorria. "Woman Participation in Kuwait Politics: A Study of Gender Representation in Islamic Countries." In Proceedings of the First Brawijaya International Conference on Social and Political Sciences, BSPACE, 26-28 November, 2019, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.26-11-2019.2295164.

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