Journal articles: 'Women in science Australia'

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Moyal, Ann, and Elizabeth Newland. "Women in science in Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 154, no. 3 (February 1991): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb121064.x.

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Gillanders, Bronwyn M., and Michelle R. Heupel. "Women in marine science in Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 7 (2019): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mfv70n7_ed.

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Butler-Henderson, Kerryn, Alisa Percy, and Jo-Anne Kelder. "Editorial 18:3 Celebrating women in higher education on International Women’s Day." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.18.3.1.

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We have timed publishing our first standard issue of the year to coincide with International Woman’s Day, 8 March 2021 to celebrate the contribution women have made to higher education. The first woman documented as teaching in a university was more than 800 years ago, and yet it is only the last century that the number of female academics has started to increase (Whaley, 2011). In Australia, the first university was established in 1851, yet it would be another 32 years until Julia Guerin graduated in 1883 from the University of Melbourne with a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) in 1883 (Women's Museum of Australia, 2020). And another 10 years when Leonora Little graduated from Melbourne University with a Bachelor of Science in 1983. Despite these accomplishments in the late 19th century, it was not until 1959 when the first woman, Dorothy Hill, was awarded a Chair appointment (Chair of Geology) in an Australian university, and nearly a century before Australia has its first female Vice Chancellor, when Dianne Yerbury became the Vice-Chancellor of Macquarie University in 1987, a position she held for twenty years. Australia’s higher education history tells a clear story of the slow integration of women in higher education, particularly within the STEM fields. For example, Little graduated in 1893 with a Bachelor of Science, but it was 1928 before the first female Lecturer in Mathematics, Ethel Raybould was appointed, and another 36 years before Hanna Neumann became the first female Professor of Pure Mathematics in 1964. It was just over 60 years ago that Margaret Williams-Weir was the first female Indigenous Australian to graduate with a university qualification in 1959. Female Indigenous Australians remain under-represented in the Australian university graduate population. The current situation for Australian higher education still retains a dominance of males within academic roles, such as 30 percent more men in Associate and Full Professor roles than women (Devlin, 2021). And whilst there has been progress in some jurisdictions, such as the majority of Queensland vice chancellors are women in 2021, these continue to be the exception, for example only 28% of vice chancellors in Australia are women. International Woman’s Day is an opportunity to reflect on the significant contribution women make in higher education in Australia and globally. We celebrate through the publication of this issue, with many female authors from across higher education globally.

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Byrne, Margaret, Linda Broadhurst, Michelle Leishman, and Kathy Belov. "Women in conservation science making a difference." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 3 (2018): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18061.

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Conservation science has a long history of providing the evidence-base that underpins management of diverse and unique biota and landscapes. This special issue brings together the stories of a range of women in conservation science to showcase the great work being done to develop and improve our knowledge and understanding of Australian plants, animals and ecosystems, across a range of disciplines and sectors. We focus on Australia in recognition of recent commitments by Australian institutions to achieve gender parity in Australian science, while acknowledging the achievements of women in conservation science globally. In this overview we highlight several exemplary women who have paved the way for those of us who have come after them, and present a brief snapshot of the careers of these women to acknowledge their contributions to the development of conservation science, and its associated disciplines. We also distil some common themes that have been identified by the women in the articles featured in this special issue, particularly passion and enthusiasm for the natural environment; multiple pathways that women have taken; satisfaction derived from working collaboratively across disciplines and with a variety of scientists, policy, managers and practitioners; and seeking to embrace diversity. A striking point from many of the stories, that we hope is changing now, is that many of the women had few female role models, yet the stories highlight their resilience and determination and their desire to inspire other young women to take up the challenge of a career in conservation science.

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Renfree, Marilyn B. "WOMEN IN REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE: Reproduction down under." Reproduction 158, no. 6 (December 2019): F127—F137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0230.

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Australia is home to a unique assembly of mammals – the marsupials and monotremes. Despite this uniqueness, they have been largely ignored by the biomedical scientific community, and yet study of marsupials has contributed to modern research on reproduction, development, evolution, conservation, molecular and comparative genomics. My lifetime passion for these long-neglected Australian fauna has led to unexpected discoveries and insights that challenged assumptions and opened up new areas of international research. I used a range of disciplinary expertise to pursue the study of these unique mammals. My main experimental species has been the tammar wallaby that I have used as a model species to investigate and understand not only biomedical problems but also to provide knowledge that is critical for the continued conservation and management of Australia’s dwindling native mammals. This model provided more than a few surprises for me and my wonderful team of students, post-docs and collaborators about how hormones, genes and signalling molecules control reproductive biology and development in a wider context as well as how the interactions of the environment with mother and conceptus, with mother and fetus and mother and young ultimately control most aspects of successful reproduction in mammals.

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Misztal, Barbara A. "Migrant women in Australia." Journal of Intercultural Studies 12, no. 2 (January 1991): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256868.1991.9963376.

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Moyal, Ann. "INVISIBLE PARTICIPANTS. WOMEN IN SCIENCE IN AUSTRALIA, 1830 — 1950." Prometheus 11, no. 2 (December 1993): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08109029308629352.

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Allen, Nessy. "Australian women in science." Women's Studies International Forum 15, no. 5-6 (September 1992): 551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(92)90058-4.

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Yusuf, Farhat, and Dora K. Briggs. "Incidence of hysterectomy and tubal ligation in public hospitals in South Australia, 1980–82." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 4 (October 1988): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017570.

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SummaryThis paper presents information on the incidence of hysterectomy and tubal ligation in South Australia in the period 1980–82, and on the age, marital status and ethnicity of women undergoing these procedures in public hospitals during the period. A typical woman undergoing one of these procedures was married or previously married and in her mid-40s for hysterectomy or mid-30s for tubal ligation. South Australian women had a lifetime chance of one in six of undergoing hysterectomy and of one in five of undergoing tubal ligation. The findings are consonant with the suggestion that increasing numbers of women are choosing forms of sterilization as means of contraception.

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Matthews, Julie, and Lucinda Aberdeen. "Reconnecting: Women and reconciliation in Australia." Women's Studies International Forum 31, no. 2 (March 2008): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2008.03.001.

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Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Osita Kingsley Ezeh, Sarah Khanlari, Sabrina Naz, Praween Senanayake, Kedir Y. Ahmed, Anne McKenzie, et al. "Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Cessation in the Early Postnatal Period among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Australian Mothers." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2019): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071611.

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There are limited epidemiological data on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Australian mothers to advocate for targeted and/or culturally-appropriate interventions. This study investigated the determinants of EBF cessation in the early postnatal period among CALD Australian mothers in Sydney, Australia. The study used linked maternal and child health data from two local health districts in Australia (N = 25,407). Prevalence of maternal breastfeeding intention, skin-to-skin contact, EBF at birth, discharge, and the early postnatal period (1–4 weeks postnatal), were estimated. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate determinants of EBF cessation in the early postnatal period. Most CALD Australian mothers had the intention to breastfeed (94.7%). Skin-to-skin contact (81.0%), EBF at delivery (91.0%), and at discharge (93.0%) were high. EBF remained high in the early postnatal period (91.4%). A lack of prenatal breastfeeding intention was the strongest determinant of EBF cessation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 23.76, 95% CI: 18.63–30.30, for mothers with no prenatal breastfeeding intention and aOR = 6.15, 95% CI: 4.74–7.98, for those undecided). Other significant determinants of EBF cessation included a lack of partner support, antenatal and postnatal depression, intimate partner violence, low socioeconomic status, caesarean birth, and young maternal age (<20 years). Efforts to improve breastfeeding among women of CALD backgrounds in Australia should focus on women with vulnerabilities to maximise the benefits of EBF.

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Liu, Xinyue, Rebecca Dunlop, Rachel Allavena, and Chiara Palmieri. "Women Representation and Gender Equality in Different Academic Levels in Veterinary Science." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 7, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8080159.

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Women’s participation and completion at veterinary schools has increased globally for the past few decades. However, increased female graduates have not translated into similar patterns of academic staffing. The gender distribution within each academic level at eight accredited veterinary faculties in Australia and New Zealand, 38 accredited faculties in the USA and Canada and 98 accredited faculties in Europe were analyzed. Women occupied 47.9%, 45.5% and 47.5% of the academic positions in Australia/New Zealand, the USA/Canada and Europe, respectively. Compared to their male counterparts, female academics were more likely to hold the lower ranked positions. The gender distribution is skewed toward men in the senior positions at or above associate professor level in all analyzed regions. The findings of this study confirm gender inequality in academic progression meaning there is a continued need to develop strategies to eliminate inequity in veterinary science faculties worldwide.

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Harris, Rachel. "“Armed with Glamour and Collection Tins”: Femininity and Voluntary Work in Wartime South Australia, 1939–45." Labour History: Volume 117, Issue 1 117, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2019.20.

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Between 1939 and 1945, more than 500 voluntary organisations operated across South Australia, the largest with a membership of more than 30,000 women. Focusing on the voluntary activities of these South Australian women – which ranged from providing material comforts for servicemen to fundraising as participants in beauty and pin-up competitions – this article reveals that female voluntarism was a highly visible and ubiquitous part of the home front experience in Australia during World War II. Oral histories, press reports and archival sources show that female voluntary work was considered crucial to the upkeep of male morale, and thus functioned to ease concerns regarding the war’s impact on traditional gender relations. In practice, however, the close relationship between paid and unpaid work meant voluntarism did not necessarily limit the wartime gains of South Australian women. Instead the rhetoric used to describe women’s voluntary work obscured the social and economic benefits it often provided.

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Toffoletti, Kim, and Catherine Palmer. "Women and Sport in Australia—New Times?" Journal of Australian Studies 43, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2019.1579081.

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Gronow, Alexandra. "Identifying victims of sexual harassment in the age of #MeToo: Time for the media to prioritise a victim’s right to privacy." Alternative Law Journal 46, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x211003681.

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This article explores the practice of the media to unreasonably intrude on victims' privacy in Australia by reference to three women whose sexual harassment grievances were published by the media without their consent. This article argues that the protection of a victim’s privacy is a fundamental human right which should trump competing public interest considerations in the Australian context. In the absence of an established tort of privacy or bill or charter of human rights in Australia, the media must apply ethical journalism standards and abstain from identifying victims of sexual harassment without their consent.

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Pittard, A. J. "Nancy Fanny Millis 1922–2012." Historical Records of Australian Science 24, no. 2 (2013): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr13006.

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Professor Emeritus Nancy Millis AC, MBE, FAA, FTSE died on 29 September 2012 at the age of 90. She was one of the first women to be appointed Professor at the University of Melbourne, had been President of the Australian Society for Microbiology and after her retirement was Chancellor at La Trobe University. Nancy introduced the teaching of Industrial Microbiology into Australia and by her research and involvement with various organizations promoted a continuing analysis of water utilization and the environment. She will also be remembered for her role, over twenty years, in guiding the committees responsible for overseeing the development of recombinant DNA research in Australia. Her tireless dedication to the service of others, her wit and her forthright approach endeared her to many. Nancy Millis was elected to the Australian Academy of Science in 2004 by Special Election in recognition of her conspicuous service to the cause of science with her outstanding career in Microbiology. This report chronicles some of the very significant and far-reaching contributions that Nancy made to the discipline of Microbiology and to the larger Australian community during her long and very productive life.

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Markovic, Milica, Mridula Bandyopadhyay, Lenore Manderson, Pascale Allotey, Sally Murray, and Trang Vu. "Day Surgery in Australia." Journal of Sociology 40, no. 1 (March 2004): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783304040454.

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The article explores the experiences of patients undergoing day surgery in an Australian public hospital for women. We draw primarily on interviews with these patients to identify the factors arising from the specific context which compromised their well-being.

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Abdo, Nahla, and Victoria Katherine Burbank. "Fighting Women: Anger and Aggression in Aboriginal Australia." Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 21, no. 2 (1996): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3341982.

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Poynting, Scott. "The ‘Lost’ Girls: Muslim Young Women in Australia." Journal of Intercultural Studies 30, no. 4 (November 2009): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256860903214123.

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Best, Susan. "What is a feminist exhibition? ConsideringContemporary Australia: Women." Journal of Australian Studies 40, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2016.1154588.

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Probst, Yasmine, Dian C. Sulistyoningrum, Merryn J. Netting, Jacqueline F. Gould, Simon Wood, Maria Makrides, Karen P. Best, and Tim J. Green. "Estimated Choline Intakes and Dietary Sources of Choline in Pregnant Australian Women." Nutrients 14, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 3819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183819.

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(1) Background: Despite the postulated importance of choline during pregnancy, little is known about the choline intake of Australians during pregnancy. In this study, we estimated dietary intakes of choline in early and late pregnancy, compared those intakes to recommendations, and investigated food sources of choline in a group of pregnant women in Australia. (2) Methods: 103 pregnant women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. In early pregnancy (12–16 weeks gestation) and late pregnancy (36 weeks gestation), women completed a food frequency questionnaire designed to assess dietary intake over the previous month. (3) Results: Choline intakes and sources were similar in early and late pregnancy. Median choline intake in early pregnancy was 362 mg/day. Of the women, 39% and 25% had choline intakes above the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) adequate intake (AI) of >440 mg/day and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) AI of >480 mg/day for choline in pregnancy, respectively. Eggs, red meat, nuts, legumes, and dairy accounted for 50% of choline intake, with eggs being the most significant contributor at 17%. (4) Conclusions: Few pregnant women in our study met the AI recommended by the NHMRC and EFSA. In Australia, choline intake in pregnancy may need to be improved, but further work to define choline requirements in pregnancy is required.

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Bray, Heather J., and Rachel A. Ankeny. "Not just about “the science”: science education and attitudes to genetically modified foods among women in Australia." New Genetics and Society 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2017.1287561.

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Baxter, Alexandra, and Dr Nerida Chazal. "‘It’s About Survival’: Court constructions of socio-economic constraints on women offenders in Australian human trafficking for sexual exploitation cases." Anti-Trafficking Review, no. 18 (April 19, 2022): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14197/atr.201222188.

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Women make up more than half of the offenders convicted for human trafficking for sexual exploitation in Australia since 2005. This article explores how courts construct the financial motivations for women’s offending to examine how gendered structural constraints are considered in Australian trafficking cases. We explore data from the sentencing remarks and appeal transcripts from the ten cases of women convicted for human trafficking and analyse the two most recent cases to explore how women’s financial considerations are underpinned by the gendered socio-economic pressure of supporting family members. Using data from interviews with Australian judges and anti-trafficking experts, we examine the relationship between structural constraints and women’s agency and the relative weight each of these factors are given in sentencing women trafficking offenders. In doing this, we explore the overlap between victimisation and offending and the tensions between structural constraints and agency, arguing that the former must be taken into consideration when sentencing women trafficking offenders.

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Lippert, Dorothy. "Science and Humanity." International Journal of Cultural Property 16, no. 2 (May 2009): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739109090134.

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The Genographic Project is a fantasy of an idea. It represents the instinct of humankind to seek to understand ourselves, right down to the smallest pieces of our essential being. To follow this longing for knowledge is to be in the company of every great explorer that has ever been, from the first hominid moving beyond the boundaries of African Eden to the intrepid women, men, and children who sailed the seas beyond the mainland of Southeast Asia to become the first occupants of the continent of Australia, to the men and women perhaps not yet born who will seek to land on and inhabit planets other than this one. Such journeys reveal ways of relating to new worlds and, in that process, instruct us in new ways of being human. As another great journey of exploration, this search within ourselves may teach us equally as much. To be certain, none of our journeys thus far have been without hardship, and it is naive to think that this or any exploration is free from challenges.

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Maher, JaneMaree, and Lise Saugeres. "To be or not to be a mother?" Journal of Sociology 43, no. 1 (March 2007): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783307073931.

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This article is based on a recently completed study of fertility decision-making in Victoria, Australia. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 100 women, it explores how dominant discourses of mothering influence women in their life decisions about children. While much research indicates that all women negotiate dominant ideals of good mothering, our findings suggest that such stereotypes need to be further broken down, since women with and without children respond to different aspects of such ideals. For women who have children, images of the ‘good mother’ are less prevalent than pragmatic concerns about how to manage mothering. Women without children, in contrast, understand mothering as all-encompassing and potentially overwhelming. These findings suggest that Australian women share ideals and assumptions about mothering with their counterparts in the United Kingdom and the United States, but they also point to an increasing gap between how mothering is viewed and how it is practised.

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GOODALL, HEATHER, and DEVLEENA GHOSH. "Reimagining Asia: Indian and Australian women crossing borders." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 04 (December 7, 2018): 1183–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000920.

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AbstractThe decades from the 1940s to the 1960s were ones of increasing contacts between women of India and Australia. These were not built on a shared British colonial history, but on commitments to visions circulating globally of equality between races, sexes, and classes. Kapila Khandvala from Bombay and Lucy Woodcock from Sydney were two women who met during such campaigns. Interacting roughly on an equal footing, they were aware of each other's activism in the Second World War and the emerging Cold War. Khandvala and Woodcock both made major contributions to the women's movements of their countries, yet have been largely forgotten in recent histories, as have links between their countries. We analyse their interactions, views, and practices on issues to which they devoted their lives: women's rights, progressive education, and peace. Their beliefs and practices on each were shaped by their respective local contexts, although they shared ideologies that were circulating internationally. These kept them in contact over many years, during which Kapila built networks that brought Australians into the sphere of Indian women's awareness, while Lucy, in addition to her continuing contacts with Kapila, travelled to China and consolidated links between Australian and Chinese women in Sydney. Their activist world was centred not in Western Europe, but in a new Asia that linked Australia and India. Our comparative study of the work and interactions of these two activist women offers strategies for working on global histories, where collaborative research and analysis is conducted in both colonizing and colonized countries.

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El-Matrah, Joumanah, and Kamalle Dabboussy. "Guilty When Innocent. Australian Government’s Resistance to Bringing Home Wives and Children of Islamic State Fighters." Social Sciences 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060202.

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Currently there are 20 Australian women and 47 children being held in the Al-Roj camp in Northern Syria, who are the family members of Islamic State fighters. The Australian government argues that it is both unsafe for government officials to rescue those held in the camp and unsafe for Australia to repatriate these women and children. This security rhetoric is commonly understood as Australia’s abandonment of its citizens and their entitlements to protection and repatriation. This paper argues that the Australian government is condemning its citizens to a condition of statelessness and displacement, simulating the following conditions under which refugees and asylum seekers are forced to live: murder, violence, deprivation of adequate food and shelter, disease, and the potential hazards of the COVID-19 infection. Rendering its citizens to a condition of statelessness and displacement constitutes both punishment meted out on those deemed guilty by their presence in Syria, and provides the Australian government the opportunity to revoke the citizenship of women and children. Three Australian women who travelled to Syria have already been stripped of their Australian citizenship. This paper explores the conditions and methods by which the Australian government has erased the entitlements, protections and certainty of citizenship for Australian Muslim women and children.

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Curtin, Jennifer. "Women and Proportional Representation in Australia and New Zealand." Policy and Society 22, no. 1 (January 2003): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1449-4035(03)70013-7.

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Felton, Emma. "A f/oxymoron?: Women, creativity and the suburbs - CORRIGENDUM." Queensland Review 23, no. 1 (February 5, 2016): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2016.1.

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In the opening of the above-mentioned article, the line ‘Donald Horne famously wrote, ‘Australia was born urban and quickly grew suburban’ (1964)’, should read: ‘Graeme Davison famously wrote, ‘Australia was born urban and quickly grew suburban’ (1994:98).’The author would like to apologise for the oversight.

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CORTI, BILLIE, DEBRA BLAZE-TEMPLE, PETER HOWAT, COLIN BINNS, and TONY RADALJ. "Alcohol consumption patterns of women in Perth, Western Australia." Drug and Alcohol Review 9, no. 1 (January 1990): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239000185041.

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Byles, Julie E., Gita Mishra, and Margot Schofield. "Factors associated with hysterectomy among women in Australia." Health & Place 6, no. 4 (December 2000): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8292(00)00011-3.

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Carey, Hilary M., and Anne O'Brien. "God's Willing Workers: Women and Religion in Australia." Labour History, no. 91 (2006): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516171.

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Perales, Francisco, and Gary Bouma. "Religion, religiosity and patriarchal gender beliefs: Understanding the Australian experience." Journal of Sociology 55, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318791755.

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This study examines diversity in how different religious groups and people with different levels of religiosity see the value and roles of women in Australian society through an examination of their gender beliefs. This addresses a significant gap in knowledge in the Australian scholarship in religious diversity and the impact of religion in family life. Understanding the relationships between religious identity and patriarchal gender attitudes is critical to understanding certain contemporary social problems, such as the links between religion and domestic violence, and devising appropriate intervention. The analyses rely on high-quality panel data from a national sample, the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Identifying with a religion is associated with stronger patriarchal attitudes, but there is remarkable heterogeneity in attitudes across religious groups. Higher religiosity is associated with stronger patriarchal beliefs. Differences in patriarchal beliefs between religious and non-religious people in Australia increased between 2005 and 2015.

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Yusuf, Farhat, and Dora Briggs. "Trends in legalized abortion in South Australia: 1970–81." Journal of Biosocial Science 17, no. 2 (April 1985): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000015674.

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SummaryOfficial abortion statistics for South Australia for the years 1977–81 were examined and compared with those for 1970–76 reported earlier. The period 1970–81 represents the first 12 years' experience of legalized abortion in South Australia. A consistent increase in the incidence of abortion was noted, both in absolute numbers and in proportion to the number of live births. South Australia continued to experience lower fertility than other Australian states, although this would have been higher than in other states had it not been for the legalization of abortion. More of the younger and the unmarried women were obtaining abortions, indicating that they were increasingly using abortion as a form of birth control.

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Lake, Marilyn. "Women and Nation in Australia: The Politics of Representation." Australian Journal of Politics & History 43, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1997.tb01377.x.

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Szewczyk, Zoe, Natasha Weaver, Megan Rollo, Simon Deeming, Elizabeth Holliday, Penny Reeves, and Clare Collins. "Maternal Diet Quality, Body Mass Index and Resource Use in the Perinatal Period: An Observational Study." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 3532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113532.

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The impact of pre-pregnancy obesity and maternal diet quality on the use of healthcare resources during the perinatal period is underexplored. We assessed the effects of body mass index (BMI) and diet quality on the use of healthcare resources, to identify whether maternal diet quality may be effectively targeted to reduce antenatal heath care resource use, independent of women’s BMI. Cross-sectional data and inpatient medical records were gathered from pregnant women attending publicly funded antenatal outpatient clinics in Newcastle, Australia. Dietary intake was self-reported, using the Australian Eating Survey (AES) food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality was quantified from the AES subscale, the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). Mean pre-pregnancy BMI was 28.8 kg/m2 (range: 14.7 kg/m2–64 kg/m2). Mean ARFS was 28.8 (SD = 13.1). Higher BMI was associated with increased odds of caesarean delivery; women in obese class II (35.0–39.9 kg/m2) had significantly higher odds of caesarean delivery compared to women of normal weight, (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.39; p = 0.04). Using Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Group categories for birth admission, the average cost of the birth admission was $1348 more for women in the obese class II, and $1952 more for women in the obese class III, compared to women in a normal BMI weight class. Higher ARFS was associated with a small statistically significant reduction in maternal length of stay (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.00, 1.54; p = 0.05). There was no evidence of an association between ARFS and mode of delivery or “midwifery-in-the-home-visits”.

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Paddle, Sarah. "“To Save the Women of China from Fear, Opium and Bound Feet”: Australian Women Missionaries in Early Twentieth-Century China." Itinerario 34, no. 3 (December 2010): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115310000690.

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This article explores the experiences of Western women missionaries in a faith mission and their relationships with the women and children of China in the early years of the twentieth century. In a period of twenty years of unprecedented social and political revolution missionaries were forced to reconceptualise their work against a changing discourse of Chinese womanhood. In this context, emerging models of the Chinese New Woman and the New Girl challenged older mission constructions of gender. The Chinese reformation also provided missionaries with troubling reflections on their own roles as independent young women, against debates about modern women at home, and the emerging rights of white women as newly enfranchised citizens in the new nation of Australia.

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Fincher, R. "Gender, Age, and Ethnicity in Immigration for an Australian Nation." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 2 (February 1997): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a290217.

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Since the Second World War, large-scale immigration has been promoted by successive Australian governments as vital to national development. Most accounts of the content and implementation of the resulting immigration policies, particularly until the demise of the White Australia policy in 1972, have emphasised their racism. The ideal immigrant under these policies, however, was not merely of particular birthplace and ethnicity, but also had specified gender and age characteristics. The author proposes that selection of immigrant settlers in Australia since World War 2 has been gendered as well as racialised, often combining particular sexisms with particular racisms and specifying the ways that ethnicity and gender should coexist in immigrants of different age groups. She notes implications for immigrants once in Australia (especially women) of the category under which they have entered the country. And she suggests that a new phase relating immigration to redefinition of the Australian nation, in which the temporary migration of skilled workers is preferred to their permanent migration, may be beginning; a phase whose modes of regulation and outcomes are as distinctively gendered as were those of their predecessors.

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Woelz-Stirling, Nicole, Lenore Manderson, Margaret Kelaher, and Anne-Marie Benedicto. "Young Women in Conflict: Filipinas growing up in Australia." Journal of Intercultural Studies 22, no. 3 (December 2001): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256860120094019.

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McPhedran, Samara, and Jeanine Baker. "Lethal and Non-Lethal Violence Against Women in Australia." Violence Against Women 18, no. 8 (August 2012): 958–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801212456755.

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Scott, Joanne. "Dear editor: Women and their magazines in interwar Australia." Journal of Australian Studies 22, no. 58 (January 1998): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059809387404.

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Yasmeen, Samina. "Muslim Women as Citizens in Australia: Diverse Notions and Practices." Australian Journal of Social Issues 42, no. 1 (September 2007): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2007.tb00038.x.

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Yufiarti, Lara Fridani, Gusti Devi Artanti, Cucu Cahyana, Irma Rosalinda, and Fildzah Rudyah Putri. "Empowermen for Women Who Stay in Australia In Parenting at Multicultural Contex." Sarwahita 19, no. 01 (January 6, 2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/sarwahita.191.4.

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ABSTRACT The aim of current community service is to empower Indonesian women living in Australia in knowledge of multicultural education and care in a multicultural context. The problems faced by Indonesian women living in Australia are very complex, starting with the goal of going to Australia, mobility, educating their children in different cultures to dealing with children's problems and themselves. This service was carried out for two years. The approach taken is to provide parenting training in a multicultural context. The duration to conduct this research will be two years by stages. In the first year of study, the followings processes will take place namely identification, training, counseling and evaluation. final stages of publication (journals and proceedings). In the second years: (1) recommendation, (2) Focus Group Discussion, and publication. The resulting output is: 1) The implementation of women's empowerment activities in parenting in multicultural context. 2) Multicultural education guidelines for mothers. 3) Certificates for participants who take part in the activity. This study will resulting; a) Published paper in national journal, b) Online media publication, c) Video uploaded on Youtube, and d) Webinar event held in Australia using an online platform. The community service implemented on Junne 2021 followed by 31 members. The activities doing well such Focus Discussion, counseling and evaluation. Based on the result of instrumen the mothers interest on the subject matter. They are sutiesfied of this activities. They need this activities again for other subject such as cooking theme.

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Dallimore, Liz. "Teaching the scientists of tomorrow." Biochemist 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02402032.

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Since arriving in the UK as a young scientist from Australia, I have discovered that many of the attitudes and problems associated with science education are common to both countries. Government teachers and academic staff of both countries campaign to entice more young people, particularly women, to choose a career within science. Science appears to be a more prominent part of the curriculum in Australia at the equivalent of GCSE and AS/A2 levels. However, my perception is that students tend to see it as a stepping stone to university courses in other disciplines (e.g. medicine, dentistry and physiotherapy) and have little perception of the career opportunities open to graduate scientists.

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HAYES, BERNADETTE C., and IAN McALLISTER. "Gender, Party Leaders, and Election Outcomes in Australia, Britain, and the United States." Comparative Political Studies 30, no. 1 (February 1997): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414097030001001.

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Election outcomes are now, more than at any time in the past, determined by voters' assessments of party leaders. However, despite its potential importance, little is known about the differences in how men and women view political leaders. This article uses recent Australian, British, and U.S. survey data to examine gender differences in the evaluations that voters make of party leaders. The results show that there are comparatively few gender differences in the personal qualities that voters rate as important, with the exception of British Labour's Neil Kinnock, who was rated more highly by men, and Bill Clinton, who was rated more highly by women. However, what gender differences in leader evaluations that do exist are mediated by partisanship and views on economic performance. In both Australia and the United States, gender significantly affects the vote, but in opposite directions. The results suggest that gender may have a more important future role in elections in these three countries.

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Hopkins, Susan. "UN celebrity ‘It’ girls as public relations-ised humanitarianism." International Communication Gazette 80, no. 3 (August 25, 2017): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048517727223.

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This article combines framing analysis and critical textual analysis in a qualitative investigation of the ways in which popular culture texts, in particular articles in Australian women's magazines, frame transnational celebrity activism. Using three recent case studies of commercial representations of popular female celebrities – Nicole Kidman in Marie Claire (Australia), Angelina Jolie in Vogue (Australia) and Emma Watson in Cleo (Australia) – this study dissects framing devices to reveal the discursive tensions which lie beneath textual constructions of celebrity humanitarianism. Through a focus on United Nations Women's Goodwill Ambassadors, and their exemplary performances of popular humanitarianism, I argue that feminist celebrity activists may inadvertently contradict the cause of global gender equality by operating within the limits of celebrity publicity images and discourses. Moreover, the deployment of celebrity women, who have built their vast wealth and global influence through the commodification of Western ideals of beauty and femininity, betrays an approach to humanitarianism, which is grounded in the intersection of neocolonial global capitalism, liberal feminism and the ethics of competitive individualism.

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Hardtke, Mellissa, Leila Khanjaninejad, Candace Lang, and Noushin Nasiri. "Gender Complexity and Experience of Women Undergraduate Students within the Engineering Domain." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010467.

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Despite continuous efforts for reducing gender inequality in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM), engineering still steadfastly remains one of the least equitable fields in Australian universities. There has been an increasing growth of international scholarship on women’s underrepresentation in engineering; nevertheless, research on understanding contributing factors to the Australian women students’ participation in engineering is relatively underdeveloped. To address this knowledge gap, we examine the experience of women undergraduate students and explore influential factors that contribute to the complexity of pursuing engineering. Applying a qualitative approach, we conducted 16 interviews with women undergraduate students enrolled across five engineering courses at Macquarie University, Australia. The results of the thematic analysis indicate that women students often have a supporting network of relationships and view themselves as intellectually fit to study engineering. However, they have been facing several interrelated obstacles that negatively impact their experiences and persistence in engineering. Findings show that gendered perceptions around femininity and masculinity appear to be the origin of gender stereotypes surrounding engineering identity. These not only negatively impact women students’ experiences within the bound of university but also create systemic barriers in the future workplace environment and opportunities. These (mis)perceptions have actively and passively made women students feel out of place, doubt their abilities and feel alienated. We offer suggestions to shift engineering identity outside the dominant masculine construct towards ‘co-construct’ and ‘co-enact’. This will create windows of opportunities to move towards gender equality in engineering.

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MILLS, Catherine, Elizabeth SUTTON, Julian KOPLIN, Ezra KNEEBONE, Karinne LUDLOW, and Ainsley NEWSON. "Mitochondrial Donation and Egg Donor Consent in Australia." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740620.

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Background: Legislation to permit mitochondrial donation (MD) in Australia was introduced into Federal Parliament in early 2021, and the techniques may be legalized and made available soon. MD enables women affected by disease-causing mutations in their mitochondrial DNA to have a genetically related child who is unlikely to inherit these mutations. MD relies on the donation of oocytes. Australia’s oocyte donation system does not meet current demand for oocytes and MD would add to this. Consequently, the implementation of MD would raise critical questions about the system of procuring donors and using their oocytes. The proposed model for implementing MD in Australia does not address these issues. We address two key inter-related concerns – oocyte availability and donor consent – in how best to meet current and future demand for donor oocytes. Aim: To consider ethical, social, and regulatory issues arising from the proposed implementation of MD in Australia, particularly oocyte availability and donor consent issues. Method: We discuss the current system of oocyte donation in Australia and consider likely impacts of MD on this. We review alternative systems that have been proposed to enhance the availability of oocytes, focusing on ethical aspects of these with reference to specific features of the Australian context, donor consent, and MD. Results: MD will increase demand for oocytes if introduced in Australia. Alternative procurement systems to address the shortage of oocytes may be required. Refining the system of consent used for oocyte donation may be an important feature of increasing oocyte availability for MD. Conclusion: As Australia presses ahead with the potential implementation of MD, consideration should be given as to whether the current system for oocyte donation is adequate. We conclude that it is necessary to consider alternative systems for enhancing oocyte availability in Australia, which, in some circumstances, may include changing consent procedures.

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McVeigh, Ann. "Review: Convict Maids: The Forced Migration of Women to Australia." Irish Economic and Social History 24, no. 1 (September 1997): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248939702400120.

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Shurlle, Swain. "Women and philanthropy in colonial and post-colonial Australia." Voluntas 7, no. 4 (December 1996): 428–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02354163.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Women in science Australia'

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