Journal articles on the topic 'Women in Printing History'
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STEVENSON, JANE. "Women and the Cultural Politics of Printing." Seventeenth Century 24, no. 2 (September 2009): 205–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268117x.2009.10555628.
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Solek, Vivian Lea. "Karen Nipps. Lydia Bailey: A Checklist of Her Imprints. University Park, Pa.: The Pennsylvania State University for the Bibliographical Society of America in association with the Houghton Library, Harvard University, and the Library Company of Philadelphia, 2013. xiii + 310 p. $79.95 (ISBN: 978-0-271-05571-8)." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.15.1.418.
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From a review of the earlier published scholarship in the field of printing history, an inquiring reader would surmise that women were not a significant part of commercial letterpress printing during the handpress period. Scholarship in the last 20 years, however, has revealed that this is not the case. In fact, many recent studies document women’s high degree of involvement from the earliest days of printing in the Western world.Lydia Bailey: A Checklist of Her Imprints is an important addition to the study of the history of the book and of women’s roles in letterpress printing. It is a . . .
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S, Arul Josephine. "Women in Tamil Magazines." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-14 (November 28, 2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s142.
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Even though the printed version of books started to come in the tenth century, still palm leaves were used to compile the literature. Due to the evolution of printing of books, the conventional types of byhearting and remembering slowly started to dilute. However, only limited books were available before the evolution of printed books. Those available books were also meant for educational purposes only. Books related to entertainment and libraries apart from education campuses were not available at that time. At this point in time, the people started to enjoy the benefits of a printing press where a large volume of books was made available to the public. The newly printed books were not only meant for educational purposes but also for entertainment purposes. In the recent Tamil context, there are two major topics that were highly spoken namely Feminism and Dalitism. In the two-thousand-year-long history of Tamil literature, the space for women and their literature was limited. Expect for the sanga ilakkiyam, the role of women in Tamil literature is scarce. After the Indian independence, many women literates were identified. The flow of literature in the current generation is mostly based on fiction. Due to the domination of the printing press, the volume of books in Tamil was increased in fiction-based books with less importance to grammatical-oriented books. Every script was initiated by men and later it is passed onto women.
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Pirozhkova, Tatyana. "Typographers of the Crimean ASSR in the 1920s and 1930s: Personnel Characteristics." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 23, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 84–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2022.23(1).84-107.
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The article uncovers some questions of the labor history of printing production workers in the Crimean ASSR in 1920–1930s. The aim of the article is investigation of the staff structure of the Crimean ASSR printing industry workers in comparison with the national structure. The objectives of the study are to examine the dynamics of the number of workers in the printing industry of the Crimea, to analyze the proportion of women, national personnel (Crimean Tatars), adolescents, skilled workers in the overall structure of the printing industry workers of the Crimean ASSR, and to compare the obtained results with the national indicators. The study is based on published statistics, reports and archival sources. As a result, the author concludes that the labor force of the Crimean ASSR printing industry developed in line with nationwide trends, but with certain specifics. The growth in the number of printing workers, typical for the country as a whole, was uneven in Crimea and its rate was somewhat lower than in the rest of the country. The increase in the proportion of women in the Crimean printing industry at the beginning of the considered period was somewhat lower than the statistical average; in the 1930s it generally corresponded to the national and industry averages. The personnel policy was based on the requirements of indigenization and implied the recruitment of workers of Crimean Tatar nationality; however, the level of indigenization in the printing industry did not reach the required indicators. Work on the involvement of adolescents was carried out, but there were problems with the training organization. The number of qualified personnel in the republic's printing industry was insufficient, which had an impact on the product quality. In conclusion, the author forms the tasks for further research into the labor history of printing production workers in the Crimean ASSR.
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Eskin, Catherine R., and Axel Erdmann. "My Gracious Silence: Women in the Mirror of 16th Century Printing in Western Europe." Sixteenth Century Journal 31, no. 1 (2000): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2671335.
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Withers, D. M. "Enterprising Women: Independence, Finance and Virago Press, c.1976–93." Twentieth Century British History 31, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 479–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwz044.
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Abstract Virago Press were established in 1972 and became one of the twentieth century’s most enduring publishing brands. As a women-led enterprise, articulations of independence have defined key moments in Virago’s history. This article explores two moments when the company re-structured as independent, in 1976 and 1987. To become successful, Virago had to overcome barriers that have historically hindered women’s participation in business, namely limited social capital and difficulties accessing finance. Virago founder Carmen Callil’s friendship with publisher Paul Hamlyn and printing entrepreneur Robert Gavron embedded Virago in networks of male entrepreneurial knowledge that helped shape the evolution of the company. Such networks were vital to Virago securing investment from Rothschilds Ventures Limited in 1987 who were, at that time, leading figures in the UK’s growing private equity industry. This article contributes to growing historical understanding of the synergies between financial, arts and culture industries in the 1980s. It argues that while this era offered new opportunities for women to participate in business, such participation was tempered by new forms of legal and financial discipline that re-calibrated existing gender inequalities within business cultures. Due to the time periods under consideration, this article also analyses how entrepreneurial practices and opportunities for women changed dramatically with the onset of Thatcher’s ‘Enterprise Culture’.
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Parker, Deborah. "Women in the Book Trade in Italy, 1475-1620*." Renaissance Quarterly 49, no. 3 (1996): 509–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2863365.
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in his 1569 Epistola qua ad multas multorum amicorum respondet de suae typographiae statu nominatimque de suo thesauro linguae graecae, the Parisian printer Henri II Estienne decries the participation of women in the book trade: “But beyond all those evils which have now been brought on by the ignorance of printers, male and female (for this only remains to add to the disgrace of the art, that even the little ladies have been practicing it), who will doubt that new evils are daily to be expected?” As Estienne's comments testify, one of the most unusualfeatures of the Renaissance and Counter Reformation book trade was the existence of several women printers and publishers. While their contemporaries were well aware of the presence of women in the printing profession, bibliographers and historians have largely neglected the history of their labors.
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Gibson, Catherine. "Mapmaking in the home and printing house: women and cartography in late imperial Russia." Journal of Historical Geography 67 (January 2020): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2019.10.011.
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ERLER, MARY C. "Bishop Richard Fox's Manuscript Gifts to his Winchester Nuns: A Second Surviving Example." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 52, no. 2 (April 2001): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002204690100598x.
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To regularise and strengthen female monastic life in his Winchester diocese, in the early sixteenth century Bishop Richard Fox made a new translation of the Rule of St Benedict explicitly for women. He had it printed by Richard Pynson in 1517, thus taking advantage of the ability of the printing press to provide multiple copies for all the members of the four Hampshire womens' houses he addressed: St Mary Winchester (Nunnaminster), Wherwell, Romsey and Wintney.In addition to these printed copies Bishop Fox provided additional manuscript books for each of the four houses, as his preface to the Rule tells us: ‘And by cause we wolde not/that there shulde be any lacke amongis them of the bokis of this sayd translation/we haue therfore/aboue and besyde certayne bokes ther of/which we haue yeven to the sayde monasteris: caused it to be emprinted’ [italics mine] (sig. Aiiv).
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BARRETT, T. H. "Woodblock dyeing and printing technology in China, c. 700 A.D.: the innovations of Ms. Liu, and other evidence." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 64, no. 2 (June 2001): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x01000131.
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Francesca Bray has recently pointed to the neglected role of women in the history of Chinese technology. This article takes up one example, and shows that the work of one woman inventor, whose personal name is unknown but whose family name was Liu, may be securely dated to between 712 and 724. From later descriptions it is also possible to discern that her invention (or just possibly the invention of another craftsperson, which she was able to introduce to court circles) consisted of the bringing together of two carefully carved woodblocks to create a resist for dyeing cloth. Ths in turn suggests that she may well have been familiear with woodblock printing, an invention for which there are also other forms of indirect evidence at about the same time. Since her family was relatively prominent, it may in future be possible to find about more about this inventor from genealogical materials.
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Pedersen, Julie Elbæk, and Johnni Hansen. "O6A.2 Breast cancer risk in 40.000 danish women by industry." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A51.1—A51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.137.
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BackgroundOccupational exposures have been hypothesized as contributors to breast cancer. Nevertheless, studies exploring the risk of breast cancer by occupation or industry generally show somewhat inconsistent results. In addition to small study size and lack of lifetime work history, potential confounders, such as reproductive history, have often not been taking into account and mortality has often been used as outcome. We conducted a nationwide register based nested case-control study in order to explore associations between occupation and incidence of breast cancer, including reproductive history.MethodsA total of 38,347 employed women born in Denmark during the period 1946 to 1995, and diagnosed with breast cancer 1970–2015 were identified in the nationwide Danish Cancer Registry. Five control subjects, work active and born in Denmark, and free of breast cancer at the date of diagnosis of the corresponding case, were chosen randomly from the Danish Civil Register. Using the unique personal identification number assigned to all residents in Denmark, we obtain lifetime employment history from the nationwide Pension Fund Register, which on an individual level has kept detailed information on all employments in Denmark since 1964. Lastly, information on reproductive factors, and socioeconomic status was retrieved from the Danish Civil Register. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression analysis.Preliminary results: Risk elevations were e.g. seen in the military (2.1; 1.49–2.90), printing (1.6; 1.22–2.06), airline transportation (2.4; 1.33–4.47), automobile service (1.3; 95% CI 1.12–1.49), laundries (2.4; 1.48–3.79), hairdressing (1.9; 1.11–3.23) and paint factories (1.6; 95% CI 1.22–2.06). Risk reductions were seen in farming (0.4; 0.21–0.59), window cleaning (0.6; 0.44–0.84) and building and carpentry (0.8; 0.70–0.98).ConclusionsThe study suggests that breast cancer risk varies significantly by industry and that occupational exposures, including night-shift work, solvents and outdoor work, may play a possible role.
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Yue, Genevieve. "The China Girl on the Margins of Film." October 153 (July 2015): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00228.
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The “China Girl” has appeared in more films than any actress, but she is almost never seen. Used in industrial film laboratories since the late 1920s, this image-nearly always a woman positioned next to color swatches and patches of white, gray, and black—is clipped to the leader of a film reel and used throughout the processing, developing, and printing of photochemical film to determine the desired exposure, density, and ideal appearance of the human body. This article addresses the China Girl's essential but often overlooked role in film history, specifically as it pertains to questions of race, gender, and visibility. It also surveys the work of various experimental filmmakers, including Owen Land, Morgan Fisher, Barbara Hammer, Sandra Gibson and Luis Recoder, Cécile Fontaine, and Mark Toscano, who have used the China Girl image to explore issues of celluloid materiality, the behind-the-scenes workings of the film industry, and the often marginal role of women both in front of and behind the camera.
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Dlabačová, Anna, and Patricia Stoop. "Incunabula in Communities of Canonesses Regular and Tertiaries Related to the Devotio Moderna." Quaerendo 51, no. 3 (September 8, 2021): 219–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700690-12341488.
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Abstract This contribution discusses the hitherto overlooked ownership of the earliest printed books (incunabula) by Netherlandish female religious communities of tertiaries and canonesses regular connected to the religious reform movement of the Devotio moderna. Studies of book ownership and book collections in these communities have tended to focus on manuscripts. From the last decades of the fifteenth century onwards, however, these religious women increasingly came in contact with printed books, even though the involvement of the Devotio moderna with the printing press was limited. The discussion focuses on the channels via which tertiaries and canonesses acquired books produced by commercially operating printers, the ways in which incunabula affected what these (semi-)religious women read, as well as the ratio between printed books in Latin and the vernacular, and their function(s) within these communities. Thus the essay intends to sketch a preliminary image of the role of incunabula in female convents, and advocates a more inclusive approach of female religious book ownership.
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Zhao, Zijun. "Research on the Photographic Printing Technology of Pictorials in the Context of Early Chinese Films." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 15 (March 13, 2022): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v15i.422.
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Among the numerous studies on the history of early Chinese films, film derivatives, as a part of it, have been neglected to some degree. Even worse, there are fewer studies on the material media with an archaeological concept. To fill this void, this paper adopted the column "The World of Screen" of the Pei-yang Pictorial News from 1933 to 1934 and the photo copperplate printing and zincography used as the object of study. Based on the research approaches of media archaeology (materiality, heterogeneity and reproduction), this study investigated the involvement of film promotion in the process of social cognitive shaping under new technologies, and highlighted the new graphic design, the image of the naked women and aesthetic changes brought about by film promotion from the perspectives of sensory extension, reading space expansion and power distribution. Finally, the study attempted to clarify the resurgence and rupture of media logic from the remnants of theatrical posters and the emergence of electronic advertising via modern concerns.
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Jun, Myoungjae, Hieyong Jeong, Masayuki Endo, Michiko Kodama, and Yuko Ohno. "Evaluation of a Balloon-Type Vaginal Endoscope Based on Three-Dimensional Printing Technology for Self-Assessment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 5108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155108.
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Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) can occur if the support tissues or the pelvic floor muscles are weakened and damaged. There is increased probability for POP occurrence after childbirth, menopause, or in overweight women. Because the natural history and progression of POP is still unknown, the approaches used to prevent it have not been clear. POP is an uncomfortable condition that affects one every three women. However, most people feel uncomfortable to discuss it. Herein, we conducted a feasibility evaluation study for self-assessment approaches with a vaginal endoscope based on three-dimensional (3D) printing. The proposed endoscope has two parts: (a) rubber material used to cover it for its intended insertion, to avoid direct contact with the walls of the vagina, and (b) two types of sensors at the tip for measurements. The condition inside the vagina was observed with a camera and depth sensors based on the regulation of the amount of air. Arbitrary temporary prolapses from the testbed’s generator enabled us to perceive the location of the problem and symptoms that were regarded as the early stage. As discussed, the low-cost design of the 3D-printed-based vaginal endoscope provides a self-check capability and allows continuous observations that help prevent POP.
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BARRETT, T. H. "The Woman Who Invented Notepaper: Towards a Comparative Historiography of Paper and Print." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 21, no. 2 (April 2011): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186311000186.
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AbstractComparative writing about the history of science and technology in different cultures tends to assume that differences in the ways in which these cultures write their histories are not important. But this is unlikely to be the case. The comparative lack of historical writing about printing in China by European standards should not in itself lead us to conclude that print only played a minor role there, any more than the tendency to downplay the importance of paper among historians of the European book means that its use in Europe was less significant than in other cultures. That in China the relative balance of the historical record is the opposite of the one that we tend to assume on the basis of the European experience is demonstrated here by contrasting the dearth of information about early printing with the commemoration even of relatively marginal cultural figures through the traditional Chinese historiography of paper making. But only tentative suggestions can be made as to why these differences in historical writing may have occurred.
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de Pee, Christian. "The Woman Who Discovered Printing. By T. H. Barrett. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp.xiv, 176. $25.00.)." Historian 72, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2010.00273_30.x.
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Olson, S. Douglas. "AESCHINES ΚΟΙΤΟΦΟΡΟΣ (DEM. 18.260)." Classical Quarterly 67, no. 1 (March 16, 2017): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838817000192.
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According to the manuscripts of On the Crown (18.260), Demosthenes mockingly claims that, as the youthful Aeschines led processions in his mother's mystery-cult celebrations, he was hailed by various old women as ἔξαρχος καὶ προηγεμὼν καὶ κιττοφόρος καὶ λικνοφόρος καὶ τοιαῦθ’ (‘leader and guide and ivy-bearer and bearer-of-the-winnowing-fan and the like’). Τhese are clearly special titles—Aeschines is not just one celebrant among many but a leading figure in the train of worshippers—and recent editors accordingly note that κιττοφόρος seems weak and follow Albert Rubens (‘Rubenius’) in printing instead κιστοφόρος (‘basket-bearer’), which Harpocration reports was read by some authorities here. κιστοφόρος appears to be supported by ΣF2 18.260 (296 Dilts) ὁ φέρων τὰς κίστας (‘the man who carries the baskets’), which is easily taken to confirm that Demosthenes meant that Aeschines stood out in the crowd of celebrants inter alia because he carried containers within which must have been sacred implements of some sort.
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Prelipcean, Laura. "Dialogic Construction and Interaction in Lodovico Domenichi’s La nobiltà delle donne." Renaissance and Reformation 39, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v39i2.26854.
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Lodovico Domenichi (1515–64), one of the major polymaths of sixteenth-century Italy, is currently enjoying a marked revival in the critical literature. Although he has been studied in the context of his contemporary printing and publishing activities, the dissemination of works in the vernacular, the promotion of women’s writings, and the religious crisis of that time, little attention has been devoted to him as a writer. In 1549 Domenichi published a dialogue on and for women, La nobiltà delle donne (The nobility of women). This work allowed him to contribute to the advancement of the women’s cause in Italy. This article investigates how Domenichi modelled the speakers, facilitated their dialogic interaction, and delivered his defence of women. Finally, it sheds light on the role that the female moderator, Violante Bentivoglia, played during the five-day conversations and how she influenced the intellectual and cultural environment dominated by men.
Lodovico Domenichi (1515–1564), un des plus grands humanistes italiens et reçoit actuellement un intérêt renouvelé parmi la littérature critique. Bien que son œuvre ait été étudiée dans le contexte de ses activités simultanées d’impression et d’édition, de la circulation de ses ouvrages en langue vernaculaire, de la promotion des écrits féminins et de la crise religieuse de l’époque, très peu de chercheurs se sont penchés sur son travail d’écrivain. En 1549, Domenichi a publié un dialogue sur les femmes et à leur intention, intitulé La nobilità delle donne (La Noblesse des Femmes). Cet ouvrage lui a permis de faire avancer la cause de femmes en Italie. Cet article explore comment Domenichi a construit ses protagonistes et facilité leur dialogue, tout en présentant sa défense des femmes. Enfin, on y met en lumière le rôle modérateur que tient Violante Bentivoglia pendant ces cinq jours de conversation et comment elle influence un environnement intellectuel et culturel dominé par les hommes.
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Woods, Mary. "The First American Architectural Journals: The Profession's Voice." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 48, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990351.
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American architectural journals first appeared in the second half of the 19th century. Encouraged by advances in printing and graphic technologies, they were part of a general trend toward specialized journalism during this period. The architectural periodical developed along with journals for women, clerics, railroad engineers, and grocers. Yet it also resulted from publishers' desires to capitalize on the success of house pattern books and the widespread interest in architecture that they created. Despite these favorable omens the early American architectural journals foundered; they had troubled and short lives, generally lasting only two years. The premise of this paper is that their success depended on the architectural profession's direct involvement and support and the backing of a major publishing house. Beginning with the first periodicals of the 1850s and 1860s, architectural journalism identified itself with the emerging profession; its editorials asserted the architects' primacy in design and construction and distinguished their role from the builders'. Professional and educational issues, in fact, took precedence over aesthetic and stylistic discussions in editorial columns and articles. Yet the journals displayed the same pragmatism that had characterized builders' guides and pattern books, the first architectural literature published in the United States.
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Booth, Marilyn. "WOMAN IN ISLAM: MEN AND THE “WOMEN'S PRESS” IN TURN-OF-THE-20TH-CENTURY EGYPT." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 2 (May 2001): 171–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074380100201x.
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The first periodical in Egypt to focus on women as both subject and audience, Al-Fatat (The Young Woman, 1892), heralded the founding by women of many periodicals for women in Egypt. The women's press emerged in a time of intense public debate concerning putative intersections of systemic gender relations and gender ideology with anti-imperialist nationalism: what would constitute “national” strength sufficient to assert, or force, an independent existence based on claims to autonomous nation-state status?1Women writing in the women's press, as well as in the mainstream—or “malestream”—press, shaped the debate over how gender did and should inflect social organization and institutional change.2 Equally, male intellectuals and politicians participated in a rhetoric of persuasion, edification, and ambition. When women and men wrote treatises on what was called the “woman question” (qadi¯yat al-mar[ham]a), articles in the women's press challenged, debated, and refined the points of these treatises. Writers approached that fraught “question” from another direction, too, establishing a thriving industry of conduct literature that fed on translations of European works as well as original works by Egyptian and other Arab writers. Books on how to behave as a proper father, a good mother, a fine son or daughter, or a responsible schoolgoer went through numerous printings for a reading public prepared by various rhetorics of nationalism, theology, and reform to bring this debate into everyday life by following the guides for behavior that such literature—including essays in the women's press—supplied.3
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Wiesner-Hanks, Merry. "Traditional Orthodoxies and New Approaches: An Editor's Perspective on the Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation." Church History 67, no. 1 (March 1998): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170773.
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Before I begin to offer my analysis of what the Encyclopedia of the Reformation tells us about Reformation studies, I should first explain my role in its production. I have been one of six senior editors, responsible for what was loosely termed “social history and popular religion.” Four of the other editors have been in charge of specific geographic areas, and David Steinmetz has been in charge of theology, so I have generally thought of my role as the editor for “other.” That meant “my” articles began with “alchemy” and ended with “women,” including in between entries on such topics as capitalism, death, divorce, drama, Jews, miracles, music, polygamy, printing, science, sexuality, and time. I was in charge of fewer entries than most of my coeditors–102 out of 1200–but more words, as I ended up with nearly all the longest articles. That alone, I think, indicates the clear acceptance of one “new approach,” an approach picked up by the marketing department at Oxford, whose banner head describes the Encyclopedia as “the definitive reference on society in early modern Europe.” It was also noted at a very early editors' meeting, where one of the consulting editors commented—not exactly with dismay, but not exactly with triumph either—“do you realize we've given witchcraft more words than Luther?”
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Datta, Satya. "Feministiska författare i renässansens Venedig." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 16, no. 2-3 (June 20, 2022): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v16i2-3.4807.
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Tlie steady economic growth and development of the Republic of Venice over many centuries bad made it possible to become one of the greatest economic powers in Europé by the fifteenth century. This was very much due to its strategically situated harbour by which it became a centre of vital importance for foreign trade between the Orient and Europé, and between ihe Mediterranean countries and Western Europé. Customs and practices stemming from many different cultures thrived in this metropolis by the crossroads, which was held in great esteem because of the freedom, openmindedness and tolerance it offered the individual with regard to intellectual, religions and even political standpoints. Compared to other Italian city-republics, on the other hand, Venice did in fact show a great degree of political and social stability. However, it was the successful juxtaposition of many apparently contradictory elements in the social foundation of Venetian society that can explain the logic of stability. In the early sixteenlh century, Venice was the world's most important centre of book printing. The great humanist Aldus Manutius published many classical works both in original and in Italian, and also literature of high quality written by women. Many other publishers soon followed his example, and printed works by women writers. In 1600, the major feminist works of the poet Moderata Fonle and I.ucrezia Marinella, author of epics and polemics, were published in Venice. Somc decades låter came a number of well-articulated feminist writings by the nun Arcangela Tarabotti. The common denominator of these three authors is a clear and very deliberate feminist approach. They focused on the oppression of women within the family and in society at large, and demanded rights for women to study and get an education. They themselves had not had any possibilities to go to school. Yet, today's literary historians claim that all three of them were well-read and highly cultivated personalities in 16th century Italian literature. Many latter-day feminists see these three Venetian writers as very influential in the history of the struggle for women's rights.
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Helliwell, David. "Timothy Hugh Barrett, The Woman Who Discovered Printing, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008, 176 pp." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 39, no. 1 (June 25, 2014): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-03901007.
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Kłos, Anita. "Julia Dickstein-Wieleżyńska e la storia editoriale della prima traduzione completa dei Canti in polacco." Italica Wratislaviensia 13, no. 2 (2022): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/iw.2022.13.2.02.
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The paper focuses on the long and complex editorial history of the first complete translation of Giacomo Leopardi’s Canti into Polish. Entitled Poezje and published by Instytut Wydawniczy ‘Biblioteka Polska’ in 1938, the volume was translated by Julia Dickstein-Wieleżyńska (1881–1948), a polyglot, poet, organiser of cultural events, feminist activist and literature and philosophy scholar. Dickstein-Wieleżyńska’s letters to Raffaele Pettazzoni (1883–1959), her close friend and mentor and himself an eminent scholar of religions, suggest that the original idea of the book as conceived in the early 1920s also envisaged the inclusion of translations by Edward Porębowicz (1862–1937), which had been made for his 1887 collection of Leopardi’s writings. Although Porębowicz had withdrawn his permission for publishing his versions in 1924 and Dickstein-Wielżyńska had to translate another eighteen poems, the manuscript was ready for printing at the beginning of 1925. Drawing on archival resources, the author investigates the reasons behind the conspicuous temporal distance between the drafting of the translations and their publication in the volume of Poezje. Examined from the perspective of recent translation and collaboration studies, Wieleżyńska’s letters shed some new light not only on the agents, modes and circumstances of translation and editorial work in the early twentieth century, but also on the position of women in the cultural and academic hierarchies of the time.
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Kreps, Barbara. "Elizabeth Pickering: The First Woman to Print Law Books in England and Relations Within the Community of Tudor London's Printers and Lawyers." Renaissance Quarterly 56, no. 4 (2003): 1053–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1261979.
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AbstractElizabeth Pickering took over Robert Redman's press when he died in 1540, thus becoming the first woman known to print books in England. Her books tell us simply that she was Redman's widow. Wills and other legal documents in the London archives permit us to know much more. The documents examined here illuminate aspects of her personal life, but also reveal connections between a group of law-printers and lawyers that appear to have influenced the printing of law books in Tudor London. The first part of the essay traces this microhistory of family and community relations. The second half examines the books Elizabeth Pickering published.
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MCLAREN, ANNE. "QUEENSHIP IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND." Historical Journal 49, no. 3 (September 2006): 935–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005590.
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The last medieval queens: English queenship, 1445–1503. By J. L. Laynesmith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Pp. xxviii+294. ISBN 0-19-924 737-4. £35.00.The marrying of Anne of Cleves: royal protocol in Tudor England. By Retha M. Warnicke. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xiv+343. ISBN 0-521-77037-8. £19.95.Mary of Guise in Scotland, 1548–1560: a political career. By Pamela E. Ritchie. East Lothian: Tuckwell Press, 2002. Pp. xii+306. ISBN 1-86232-184-1. £20.00.My heart is my own: the life of Mary Queen of Scots. By John Guy. London: Fourth Estate, 2004. Pp. xii+574. ISBN 1-84115-752-X. £20.00.Queenship in Britain, 1660–1837. Edited by Clarissa Campbell Orr. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. Pp. xii+300. ISBN 0-7190-5769-8. £49.99.Therefore if any man be in christ, let him be a new creature.Old things are passed away: behold, all things are become new.2 Cor. 5:17, Geneva BibleThe Reformation's claim to be, in Patrick Collinson's words, the ‘greatest geological fault line in European civilisation’ rests not on the fact that it proposed a new set of answers to old questions, but rather that it proposed old answers in a new world – the one that came into being with the advent of printing. This confluence transformed the ways in which the yearning for purification and renewal endemic to the religious impulse was enacted and institutionalized during the early modern period. Most radically, the Reformation challenged the socio-political hierarchies of degree, descent, and gender that had ordered medieval society. These hierarchies were most powerfully symbolized by the person of the king. In important ways they were perceived to be embodied in and dependent on him and, through him, on the women who came to be queens. To understand early modern queenship, we must bear this cultural context in mind. Too often, however, historians fail to do so, writing instead of kings and queens in terms more suited to modern political biography. This limits our ability to comprehend not only the phenomenon of kingship, but also – for as long as personal monarchy remained the dominant form of European government – political culture more generally. This review article provides an opportunity to address this historiographical deficiency. I therefore want to begin by sketching out the contours of early modern queenship, before turning my attention to the books under review.
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Kupeli, Elif, Demet Karnak, Serpil Dizbay Sak, and Oya Kayacan. "Hazards of the ‘Hard Cash’: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis." Canadian Respiratory Journal 17, no. 5 (2010): e102-e105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/712075.
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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a nonimmunoglobulin E-related immune-mediated parenchymal lung disease. A 45-year-old woman who was a lifelong nonsmoker with a six-month history of frequent episodes of cough and dyspnea was admitted to hospital. She had been working as a money counter for 20 years at a central bank. Bibasilar crackles on lung auscultation, ground-glass opacities and a mosaic pattern on high-resolution computed tomography, restrictive abnormality on pulmonary function tests and mild hypoxemia were the prominent findings. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis revealed a predominance of CD4-positive T cells, and she tested positive on her natural challenge test. She was diagnosed with subacute HP based on established criteria. She was advised to discontinue counting fresh banknotes. Prednisolone was commenced, then tapered to discontinue in the ensuing six months. Clinical and radiological improvement was achieved within two months. To the authors’ knowledge, the present report is the first to describe ‘hard cash HP’, possibly caused by chipping dust or printing dye.
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Drège, Jean-Pierre. "T. H. Barrett The Woman Who Discovered Printing, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 102008. xiv, 176 pp. ISBN 978 0 300 12728 7. £16.99." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 71, no. 3 (October 2008): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x08001055.
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Nakhaee, Sareh, Alireza Amirabadizadeh, Samaneh Nakhaee, Mahmood Zardast, Jonathan Schimmel, Jalil Ahmadian-Moghadam, Ayob Akbari, Homeira Mohammadian Darmian, Maryam Mohammadi, and Omid Mehrpour. "Blood lead level risk factors and reference value derivation in a cross-sectional study of potentially lead-exposed workers in Iran." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e023867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023867.
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ObjectivesThis exploratory investigation aimed to measure blood lead levels and associated risk factors in exposed workers in Iran, and to derive appropriate reference values for blood lead in this population as a means of epidemiological comparison.DesignCross-sectional.SettingManufacturing plants with potential lead exposure in Southern Khorasan Province, Iran.ParticipantsThe study included 630 workers, selected through stratified random sampling.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary measures in this exploratory investigation were venous blood lead concentration (BLC) and associated risk factors of age, gender, work experience, cigarette smoking and history of opium use. The secondary measures were symptoms associated with lead toxicity. Data analyses were conducted using Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation coefficient and regression analysis.ResultsMean and median BLCs were 6.5±8.1 μg/dL and 3.9 μg/dL (IQR: 2.9–5.8), respectively. Of the subjects, 85 (13.5%) had BLC ≥10 μg/dL. The derived reference BLC value in this study was 30 μg/dL for men and 14 μg/dL for women. Increasing work experience and age were associated with BLC >10 μg/dL. Radiator manufacturers were up to 12.9 times (95% CI 4.6 to 35, p<0.005) more likely than painters to have BLC >10 μg/dL. Most subjects reported multiple symptoms.ConclusionsThe mean BLC was above the maximum recommended concentration. There was a significant relationship between higher BLC and age or working in a printing factory or radiator manufacturing. These findings can direct efforts towards reducing occupational lead exposure.
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Nikiforova, Nadezhda. "Hikifuda, or What Japanese Advertising Looked Like at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries (Collection from the Russian State Art Library)." Oriental Courier, no. 1 (2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310021383-9.
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Hikifuda are woodcut or lithograph prints that retailers and wholesalers, mercantile agencies, and other organizations in Japan of the Meiji era (1868–1912) used as advertising materials. The Meiji era was the period of great Japanese transformation from a medieval country into a modern power which was treated by European countries as equal. As a result, the new type of advertisement helped in spreading western ideas and lifestyles among the residents. Besides, the low price and mass production of the leaflets is another reason for their high popularity along with in whole Japan. The hikifuda handbills gave start to a new stage in the Japanese advertising industry and developed means of communication, connected Japanese traditional art with European modern trade tendencies. They have a great variety of subjects, which contain deep symbols and signs related to Japanese history and culture: traditional Japanese Ukiyo-e engravings: Women in kimono, children, the Seven Gods of Fortune Ebisu, Daikokuten, Benzaiten and others, dragons and mount Fuji and other various symbols. Besides traditional Japanese symbols, telephones, telegraph poles, mailboxes, European clothing stores, and even tobacco shops were depicted as signs of the influence of the Western lifestyle on the Japanese economy, politics, culture, and everyday life. The research is based on materials from the collection of the RSAL Iconography Department that hosts various samples of hikifuda advertising leaflets. Presumably, they were produced in the early 20th century by the Osaka printing workshop. Japanese advertising leaflets in the Russian State Art Library (RSAL) collection represent an interesting, but still poorly researched layer of urban art in Japan at the turn of the 19th—20th century.
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Kostyk, Yevhenii. "Publishing cooperation as a catalyst for the formation of the national market of book products in the conditions of the NEP (theoretical aspect for studying the problems of economic history)." University Economic Bulletin, no. 48 (March 30, 2021): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-48-164-181.
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The subject of the study is the role and place of cooperative publishing houses in the formation of the domestic consumer market of book products and scientific assessment of organizational, publishing and trade activities of publishing cooperatives in the context of the new economic policy (NEP). The purpose of the scientific article is to study the role and place of cooperative publishing houses in the formation of the domestic consumer market of book products and, through the prism of studying the problems of economic history, to give a scientific assessment of organizational, publishing and trade activities of the NEP. Methods of research. All components of the study are based on fundamental principles – scientific, historicism, objectivity, system, development, priority of concrete verity, pluralism; and also the methods of knowledge of social and economic processes of social development – analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological, comparative analytical, archaeological, retrospective, statistical, a systematic and integrated approach. Research methodology. In the process of the study, the fundamental principles were based on Economic History and History of Economic Thought, the Ukrainian and foreign scientists’ works and experts in this area. Results of work. In the context of this issue, we explored the role and place of cooperative publishing houses in the formation of the domestic consumer market of book products and, through the prism of studying the problems of economic history, gave a scientific assessment of organizational, publishing and trade activities of the NEP. The field of application of results. The results of this research can be applied to study the issues of Economic History and History of Economic Thought, History of the Publishing Industry. Conclusions. Thus, cooperative publishing houses were business-type societies, organizationally and functionally belonged to cooperative societies, and on the other hand - were public associations with editorial, production, economic and socio-cultural functions. Examining the activities of cooperative publishing houses, it can be stated that they occupied an important place in the distribution and printing of various literature: socio-economic, socio-political, agricultural, artistic, children's books, textbooks, natural, military. Consumers of book products of cooperative publishing houses were the most various social and professional groups of the population: workers, peasants, employees, women, youth, military, children. By distributing literature in a country where almost two-thirds of the population was illiterate, publishing houses contributed to the full operation of educational institutions, raising the intellectual and spiritual level of society, creating conditions for the development of science, art, culture and education. There was a completely organic connection between publishers' cooperatives, cultural, educational, and scientific institutions, and a kind of intellectual and spiritual dependence developed due to the high demand for books, as publishers published literature from all fields of knowledge. The activities of cooperative publishing houses of the NEP period, especially the formation of the organizational structure and the implementation of advertising and propaganda work should be taken into account when developing the legal framework of the national program of book publishing in Ukraine.
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Brown, Phyllis R. "Douglas A. Brooks, ed. Printing and Parenting in Early Modern England. Women and Gender in the Early Modern World. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2005. xviii + 436 pp. index. illus. bibl. $89.95. ISBN: 0-7546-0425-X." Renaissance Quarterly 59, no. 3 (2006): 960–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.2008.0361.
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Green, Monica H. "The Sources of Eucharius Rösslin's ‘Rosegarden for Pregnant Women and Midwives’ (1513)." Medical History 53, no. 2 (April 2009): 167–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300000193.
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Few medical authors can unambiguously claim to have written one of the most important works in their field: most important not simply in one language but in half a dozen, and not simply for a few years but for over a century and a half. Yet that distinction has long been given to the work of a largely obscure early sixteenth-century apothecary-turned-physician from Freiburg, Worms, and Frankfurt, one Eucharius Rösslin (c. 1470–c. 1526). His Der Swangern Frauwen und Hebammen Rosegarten (Rosegarden for Pregnant Women and Midwives), first published in Strasbourg and Hagenau in 1513, went through at least sixteen editions in its original form, was revised into three different German versions (each of which went through multiple printings), and was translated into Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, Italian, Latin, and Spanish, with almost all of these translations then going through their own multiple editions. The Rosegarten is the only work known to have been produced by Rösslin. His son, Eucharius Rösslin Jr, further capitalized on the work by producing in 1526 a German compilation of “marriage texts” which he called Ehestandts Artzney; this included his father's Rosegarten as well as extracts from the Enneas muliebris (Nine-Part Treatise on Women) by Ludovico Bonacciuoli (d. c. 1540), a herbal by Johannes Cuba (Johann Wonnecke von Caub, d. 1503/4), and Bartholomeus Metlinger's (born after 1440) tract on paediatrics. Eucharius Jr. also produced a Latin translation of the Rosegarten in 1532. That Rösslin's work was only the third obstetrical text addressed directly to an audience of midwives in a thousand years also places it in an important position in the history of the professionalization of midwifery. While it remains to be determined how frequently midwives themselves read the text, it is clear that both physicians and laypersons used the Rosegarten and later adaptations as the basis for medical training and as a reference for information on generation.
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Shkolna, O. V. "DYBINTSY FAIENCE FACTORY OF COUNTS BRANITSKY IN THE KIEV PROVINCE IN THE LIGHT OF THE GIVEN PRIMARY SOURCES." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 29, no. 4 (December 22, 2018): 386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.04.22.
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Article is devoted ordering of existing data about competitive Kyivo-Mezhigorskoj to faience factory to Dibinetsky faience factory of counts Branitsky in an area of the Kyiv province. The majority of materials is introduced in scientific use for the first time, that allows to reconsider separate sections from a history of development of the Ukrainian faience of its time of «the gold period», namely 19th centuries. The list of products amazes. Services from white faience of the first grade on 4 roubles, soup vases of «the English style» with printing drawing on 7 roubles 10 copeck and 20 copeck painted on 9 roubles, flowerpots of a new style «Lily» 30 copeck painted on 4 rouble the Sculpture «the Young lion, the Lamb and the Dog» were the most expensive things from this register «Goat» cost on 30 copeck for a piece in the sealed up kind, 40 in painted, no less than. «Partridge» in last type of a decor — is almost twice more expensive, 75 copeck for a piece. Banks pharmaceutical — from 5 copeck for a piece, pots on 10 copeck for a piece, smoking tubes-«stambulki» («Turkish woman») and a bowl for salad on 15 copeck for a piece were the cheapest among products of the first grade.
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Zhang, Youyu, Junyang Liang, Nanfang Xu, Lin Zeng, Chaojun Du, Yaoxu Du, Yan Zeng, Miao Yu, and Zhongjun Liu. "3D-printed brace in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a study protocol of a prospective randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e038373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038373.
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IntroductionAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine. Brace treatment is effective for eligible patients with AIS and the effectiveness is significantly correlated with the average brace-wear time per day. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a recent advancement that offers unique opportunities for biomedical applications, and customisation of scoliosis braces might lead to greater patient satisfaction and improved compliance. We present here the design of a randomised controlled trial on the clinical effectiveness of 3D-printed braces versus thoracolumbosacral orthoses (TLSO) for patients with AIS.Methods and analysisPatients with AIS (age 10–16 years) with Risser sign 0-II, Cobb angle of main curve of 20°−40°, premenarchal or no more than 1-year postmenarchal (for women), and no history of treatment are eligible, unless they are unable to tolerate the treatment or refuse participation. A total of 88 patients will be randomised into either the 3D group or TLSO group on a 1:1 basis. Participants in the 3D group will choose between a 3D-printed brace and TLSO, according to the Zelen’s design of the trial. Primary outcome measures will include the average brace-wear time per day, health-related quality of life and Cobb angle progression of the primary curve. Secondary outcome measures will include immediate in-brace correction of Cobb angle of the primary curve, rate of conversion to surgery and incidence of any adverse events. This study is designed as a single-centre, two-arm, superiority and open-label randomised controlled trial. The sample size is calculated with reference to the preliminary study and based on the sample size calculation formula.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Peking University Third Hospital Medicine Science Research Ethics Committee (No: 2019-017-02). Results of the trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and as conference presentations.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900027379, pre-results.
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Abramyan, A. S. "Faith, liberty, destiny, and the shaping of early American identity." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 27, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2021-27-2-64-78.
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The discovery of America, which was in itself a fateful event in European history, coincided with the crucial transformations taking place in the religious sphere. The development of printing technology, the creation of national translations of the Bible, the rethinking of the established forms of religiosity — all these innovations contributed to the creation of a special religious and religio-political climate of the era. England, which became one of the most successful colonial powers, was at the same time a country experiencing these religious transformations in an especially profound manner. Having proclaimed its ecclesiastical independence from Rome earlier than many other countries, England became a space for an intensive search for a new religious identity and a melting pot of various proto-messianic concepts. In addition, the competition of these new religious doctrines, existing in the shadow of potential and actual state-sanctioned oppression of dissidents, has created a specific environment that makes the issue of political freedom especially relevant and pertinent to the context of Christianity. Having received additional development in America and combined with an increased spread of the anti-colonial nationalist message, all these ideological streams could give a start to one of the most remarkable aspects of early American socio-political thought and identity, within which liberalism, republicanism, providentialism, messianism, and Christian religiosity are woven into a single composition. The debate about the influence of this ideological complex on the development of American identity and statehood continues to this day, sometimes leading to conflicting assessments. However, it seems that this phenomenon is, in one way or another, a remarkable factor in American history, which, to some extent, remains a relevant topic of discussion for modern America.
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Woodbridge, Linda. "Anne E. B. Coldiron. English Printing, Verse Translation, and the Battle of the Sexes, 1476–1557. Women and Gender in the Early Modern World. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2009. vii+264 pp. index. illus. bibl. $99.95. ISBN: 978–0–7546–5608–1." Renaissance Quarterly 62, no. 3 (2009): 1008–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/647469.
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Robertson, Kellie. "Anne E. B. Coldiron, English Printing, Verse Translation, and the Battle of the Sexes, 1476–1557. (Women and Gender in the Early Modern World.) Farnham, Eng., and Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2009. Pp. xv, 264; black-and-white figures." Speculum 85, no. 4 (October 2010): 949–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0038713410003234.
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Galbraith, Steven K. "The Kelmscott/Goudy Printing Press: Printing History as a Living History." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.17.1.454.
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The arrival of the Kelmscott/Goudy press to the Cary Graphic Arts Collection at the Rochester Institute of Technology in January 2014 was a homecoming of sorts. From 1932 to 1941, the press belonged to our library’s namesake, Melbert B. Cary, Jr., director of the Continental Type Founders Association in New York City. Cary used the press to produce the whimsical publications of his Press of the Woolly Whale. In addition to its connection with the press’s past, the Cary Collection offers a home where the press can be maintained and used in support of teaching and the book arts. To . . .
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Beales, Derek. "Printing Satires." Historical Journal 32, no. 2 (June 1989): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00012279.
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Dane, William J. "The History of Fine Printing:." Special Collections 4, no. 1 (December 14, 1988): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j300v04n01_05.
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Król, Eugeniusz Cezary. "Polska kultura i nauka w 1968 roku. Uwarunkowania i podstawowe problemy egzystencji." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 18 (March 30, 2010): 77–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2010.18.05.
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The author presents the determinants and basic problems of existence of Polish science and culture in the period preceding the turbulent year of 1968, as well as the events directly related to this key date in Poland’s history. The departure, by Mr Gomułka’s team, from the ‘achievements’ of the Polish October of ’56, that is, from certain concessions of a democratic nature, evoked deep disappointment in both institutions and the scientific, cultural and artistic milieus, and this, in time, led to attempts at protest. The PRP authorities and, most of all, the sections therein which were responsible for science, education and culture, systematically intervened in activities of the respective professional groups. The tightening of censorship, restrictions in the allocation of printing paper for books and periodicals, the closing down of newspapers, weeklies and magazines ‘inconvenient’ from the point of view of the authorities, the lack of opportunities for dialogue and constructive criticism, repressions against those who openly expressed their independent opinions, and the systematic surveillance of the scientific and creative milieus, were only a part of operations undertaken by the PRP powers-that-be in the second half of the 1960s. It was in that climate that a conflict between the state and the Roman Catholic Church was played out in the process of the Polish State Millennium celebrations in 1966, which coincided with the escalation of the party’s conflict with the intellectuals and men and women of letters, as well as with intra-party infighting between factions within the PUWP. It was the shortcomings of the centralised, command economy and the growing shortages in the shops which resulted in Poland’s situation becoming unstable and threatening to explode. The role of the fuse was performed by the events of March 1968, which were enacted in the cultural and scientific milieus: the turbulent meetings of Warsaw’s men and women of letters, the removal of Adam Mickiewicz’s Dziady (Forefathers’ Eve) from the National Theatre’s repertoire, the manifestation in protest against the removal which followed the last performance, and finally, the students’ rally in the courtyard of Warsaw University, as well as the strikes on the part of students and the personnel of higher education institutions in Warsaw and other Polish cities as the continuation of that rally. It was after these events, when the party had launched an anti-intelligentsia campaign, supplemented with an anti-Semite witch hunt and smear campaign, unleashed by the ‘partisans’ faction around Mieczysław Moczar and by Mr Władysław Gomułka himself. An ‘ethnic criterion’ was applied to the Polish scientific and cultural milieus, eliminating, in the climate of a media witch hunt, renowned academic teachers, scholars, film-makers, publishers, journalists, men and women of letters of Jewish extraction and, finally, driving them to emigrate from Poland. The Polish Armed Forces’ participation in the aggression against Czechoslovakia in 1968 evoked another wave of protests in Poland. The world of culture and science and its representatives living in the West expressed solidarity with the Czech and Slovak nations. This resulted in new arrests and the further emigration of the intellectual elites. It was the most dogmatic and anti-liberal faction of the party apparatchiks, supported by secret and overtcollaborators with the security structures, who came from different professional groups that were also related to science, culture and education, which became highly vocal and obtained wide access to the mass media. It was in this period that Polish culture and science toughened up and delivered itself of illusions; however, it also suffered losses, the recouping of which would be a painful process and, subsequently, would subsequently take its full toll of years.
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Ware, Mike, Jens Jäger, and Anne McCauley. "History and practice of platinum printing." History of Photography 20, no. 3 (September 1996): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.1996.10443673.
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Wu, Jing-Jun, Li-Mei Huang, Qian Zhao, and Tao Xie. "4D Printing: History and Recent Progress." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 36, no. 5 (December 26, 2017): 563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-018-2089-8.
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Clary, Katie Stringer, and Carolyn Dillian. "Printing the Past." Public Historian 43, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2021.43.2.41.
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This article describes and evaluates a 3-D scanned and printed exhibit created by students and faculty in collaboration with a local museum to increase accessibility to archaeological and historical collections for audiences with visual disabilities, neurodivergence, and sensory processing differences. 3-D technologies allowed for the creation of a hands-on exhibit, accompanied by a variety of accessible solutions, such as audio, video, and braille, allowing audiences to explore reproductions of artifacts through touch. Surveys of museum attendees and students who participated in the project revealed that the tactile exhibit and design experience were extremely positive. As museums and public historians strive for universal design and access in programs, this technology provides another opportunity for engagement. The authors explain methods and applications for public historians, museums, and outreach.
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Dixon, C. S. "Printing, Propaganda, and Martin Luther." German History 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/14.1.86.
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Mohd Sharif, Mohd Shahrul Azha, Arba'iyah Mohd Noor, and Mohd Firdaus Abdullah. "The History of Qalam Press Printing Companies, 1948-1969." Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 38, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2022-3801-10.
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After the second world war, many Malay printing companies were formed to enliven the printing and newspaper industry in Malaya. Qalam Press was one of the Malay private printing companies established by Syed Abdullah bin Hamid Al-Edrus (Edrus), who played an important role in the publication of magazines, novels and religious works during the period stated. Qalam Press also has various strategies and ways to make the publications relevant and competitive compared to other printing companies. However, the publishing company also faced conflicts and problems of its own that caused various actions to be taken to resolve the problems mentioned. Thus, this research aims to evaluate Qalam Press's success in positioning themself as one of the leading Malay private printing companies in Malaya from 1948 to 1969. This research is qualitative historical research that also applies oral history methods. Research resources were obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia, IPTA Libraries throughout Malaysia, the National Library of Malaysia, government departments and others. The study found that Qalam Press succeeded in becoming one of the long-lasting Malay private printing companies in the printing industry due to various marketing and management strategies carried out by the company which is seen to help the development of Qalam Press. Keywords: Qalam Press, Malay Private Printing Company, Magazine, Novel, Religious Work.
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Keats, Patricia L. "Women in Printing & Publishing in California, 1850-1940." California History 77, no. 2 (1998): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25462474.
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Bulbulyan, Mariana A., Svetlana A. Ilychova, Shelia Hoar Zahm, Sergey V. Astashevsky, and David G. Zaridze. "Cancer mortality among women in the Russian printing industry." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 36, no. 1 (July 1999): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199907)36:1<166::aid-ajim24>3.0.co;2-p.
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