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Journal articles on the topic 'Women in manufacturing'

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Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Shree, Megha. "Women Employment in Indian Electronics Manufacturing Sector." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 9 (2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2015.00219.1.

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2

Lawthom, Rebecca, Malcolm Patterson, Michael West, and David Staniforth. "Women managers’ views of manufacturing: nice work?" Women in Management Review 11, no. 6 (September 1996): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429610127910.

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3

Amin, Grace, and Cici Lestari Agustina. "Women at Work: How Organization Manage Career Women Performance at Manufacturing in Jababeka – Bekasi." Jurnal Manajemen 17, no. 1 (October 28, 2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/jm.v17i1.850.

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This research analyzed career women performance at manufacturing industries. Researchers used quantitative and qualitative methods. There were 200 career women in manufacturing industries around Bekasi joined as respondents in this research and filled the questionnaire given. Data was analyzed by multiple linear regression. Researchers also interviewed representative respondents in order to get respondent perspective about work life balance, family conflict and quality of work life. This research found that work life balance, family conflict, and quality of work life have significant influence towards career women performance on manufacturing industries around Bekasi.

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4

Lu, J. L. "P-1470 - Organizational stresses of women manufacturing workers." European Psychiatry 27 (January 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(12)75637-7.

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5

Heath, Rachel, and A. Mushfiq Mobarak. "Manufacturing growth and the lives of Bangladeshi women." Journal of Development Economics 115 (July 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.01.006.

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6

La Botz, Daniel. "Manufacturing Poverty: The Maquiladorization of Mexico." International Journal of Health Services 24, no. 3 (July 1994): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hy6r-ey5g-3axp-vv8n.

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Based on interviews with social workers, attorneys, feminists, union activists, and factory workers, the author argues that the maquiladora free trade zone of Northern Mexico portends developments under the North American Free Trade Agreement. Today some 500,000 Mexican workers labor in 2,000 factories for $4.50 a day in Mexico's maquiladoras. Two-thirds of the workers are women, many single women who head their households. These women work in the new, modern manufacturing plants in industrial parks, but live in squalid shanty towns without adequate water, sewage, or electricity. On the job, workers face exposures to toxic chemicals and dangerous work processes. The Mexican government does not have the political will, the trained personnel, or the equipment to monitor these occupational health problems. While Mexico's Constitution and labor laws guarantee workers the right to organize, bargain collectively, and strike, in practice the state controls the unions and opposes worker activism. In the face of employer and state repression workers are forced to organize secretly to fight for higher wages and safer conditions.

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7

Arcieri, Joanna. "Manufacturing Celebrity: Latino Paparazzi and Women Reporters in Hollywood." American Journalism 38, no. 3 (July 3, 2021): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2021.1949246.

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8

Delzell, Elizabeth, Colleen Beall, and Maurizio Macaluso. "Cancer Mortality Among Women Employed in Motor Vehicle Manufacturing." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 36, no. 11 (November 1994): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199411000-00015.

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9

Smith, Alyson. "Manufacturing urgency: the development industry and violence against women." Critical Policy Studies 12, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2018.1511957.

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10

Gagnon, Marilou, and Meryn Stuart. "Manufacturing disability: HIV, women and the construction of difference." Nursing Philosophy 10, no. 1 (January 2009): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-769x.2008.00380.x.

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11

Peppin, Patricia. "Manufacturing uncertainty: Adverse effects of drug development for women." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 26, no. 5 (September 2003): 515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-2527(03)00084-0.

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12

Beck, Chris. "Where Are All The Women?" Manufacturing Management 2018, no. 3 (March 2018): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s2514-9768(23)90074-8.

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It’s a shocking statistic that fewer than 10% of the manufacturing workforce are female. What’s putting them off considering a career in the industry, and what can be done to help bring the numbers up?

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13

Armah, Bartholomew. "Trade Sensitive Manufacturing Employment: Some New Insights." Review of Black Political Economy 21, no. 2 (December 1992): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02701735.

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Persistent trade deficits in the United States since 1971, and growing foreign competition have revived debate about the net effects of trade on the domestic economy. Focusing on the employment consequences of trade, this study examines the demographic and industrial characteristics of trade sensitive manufacturing industries in the United States. The findings reveal two significant trends. Firstly, there has been a decline in the importance of high-tech manufacturing as a source of trade related employment opportunities since 1975. Secondly, while trade enhanced industries still employ relatively fewer women and minorities than industries adversely affected by trade, the gap has narrowed, especially for women. Since 1975, the proportion of all women employed in adversely affected industries actually declined; for every 1 percent decline in female employment in an adversely affected manufacturing industry there was a corresponding 0.6 percent gain in employment in a trade-enhanced manufacturing industry.

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14

Sethi, Chitra. "10 Influential Women in Engineering." Mechanical Engineering 142, no. 03 (March 1, 2020): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2020-mar1.

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Abstract There are many influential women—educators, innovators, leaders—who are not only breaking the stereotype but are also role models and mentors for the next generation of female engineers. This article spotlights 10 women engineers who are transforming the fields of bioengineering, energy, robotics, and manufacturing and paving the way for other women to follow.

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15

Roan, Amanda. "Employment and Training Opportunities in Manufacturing Industries — the Experience of Women in Queensland." Queensland Review 5, no. 2 (December 1998): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001057.

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AbstractManufacturing industries continue to be promoted by governments and commentators as vital to the provision of quality employment and the furthering of export performance. It has been extensively argued that the adoption of advanced manufacturing technology which require highly trained staff will provide quality employment and facilitate the building of the national skills base. However, women employed in manufacturing have generally been concentrated in low skilled employment and non-trade occupations. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that that the upgrading of skills in manufacturing industries will benefit women. This paper examines women's employment in two manufacturing industries in the Brisbane area — Food Processing and Light Metal Products. It shows that, although there is increasing evidence that these industries have increased their training effort, there is little evidence to suggest that women employed in manufacturing in Queensland have been able to capitalise on these opportunities.

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16

Trisanti, Theresia. "Do Companies with Female on the Board have Effects on the Earning Management? Evidence Indonesia Manufacturing Listed Firms." European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (February 3, 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2021.1.1.7.

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This study aims to examine the influence of the presence of women on the board such as chief executive officer, chief financial officer and chief audit committee on the earning management (EM) practices and also to examine whether the educational backgrounds of women executive officials have a moderating effect on the earning management practice. The data used is secondary data from Indonesian listed manufacturing companies, hypothesis testing using regression model with partial least square test. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling method. The results showed that female chief executive officer and female chief financial officer did not affect earning management practice, but woman as chief audit committee affect the company's earnings management practices. Education background capable as moderating variable to strengthen the influence women as chief executive officer, chief financial officer and women as chief audit committee to earnings management practices. This research can provide contribution for users of financial statements about the possibility of differences in earnings management practices due to the presence of women in top management positions.

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17

Jena, Narendra. "Women Entrepreneurship and Employment in Micro and Small Manufacturing Enterprises." SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies 39, no. 4 (December 2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0970846420120401.

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18

Massey, Douglas S. "Manufacturing marginality among women and Latinos in neo-liberal America." Ethnic and Racial Studies 37, no. 10 (August 6, 2014): 1747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2014.931982.

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19

Thomas, Kedron. "Assembling Women: The Feminization of Global Manufacturing. By Teri Caraway." Anthropology of Work Review 30, no. 1 (May 2009): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1417.2009.01013.x.

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20

Kuzmickiene, I., and M. Stukonis. "Cancer incidence among women flax textile manufacturing workers in Lithuania." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 67, no. 7 (June 25, 2010): 500–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.048058.

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21

Lu, S. F. D., and J. L. Lu. "Perceived job stress of women workers in diverse manufacturing industries." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73374-0.

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ObjectiveThis was An investigation of the impact of organizational factors on perceived job stress among women workers in the IT-dominated garment and electronics industries in the Philippines was undertaken.AimTo target risk factors affecting women workers.MethodsThe sample included 23 establishments with 630 women respondents. Questionnaires, walk-through surveys of the industries, and interviews were done. The workplace factors included the content of the job, the nature of tasks, job autonomy, hazard exposure, and management and supervisory styles.ResultsChi-square analysis showed that there were interactions among the organizational factors (P = 0.05 and 0.10). These factors included the need for better quality and new products; tasks requiring intense concentration; exposure to radiation, chemical, noise, and vapor hazards; standing for prolonged periods of time; and highly monitored, repetitious work. Workers experienced job stress (P = .05) when they were subjected to low job autonomy, poor work quality, close monitoring, and hazardous work pressure.ConclusionThis study has shown that there exists an intricate relationship between work hazards, organizational factors, gender, health and technology. Organizational factors that have been identified to contribute to adverse health effects among women workers were the physical work environment, nature of the task, lack of job autonomy, and difficult relationships with supervisors and management.

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22

Thorsten, Marie. "A few bad women: Manufacturing “education mamas” in postwar Japan." International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 10, no. 1 (September 1996): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02765568.

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23

LUSK, EDWARD J. "Assembling Women: The Feminization of Global Manufacturing - By T.L. Caraway." Gender, Work & Organization 16, no. 6 (November 2009): 731–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00482_1.x.

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24

Beall, Colleen, Elizabeth Delzell, and Maurizio Macaluso. "Mortality patterns among women in the motor vehicle manufacturing industry." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 28, no. 3 (September 1995): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700280303.

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25

Lu, Jinky Leilanie. "Perceived job stress of women workers in diverse manufacturing industries." Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing 15, no. 3 (2005): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20026.

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26

Butler-Mokoro, Shannon. "Broken Family Ties: Black, Enceinte, and Indigent at Tewksbury Almshouse." Genealogy 6, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy6020029.

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Tracing family lineage through women has unique challenges that are made only more difficult when a woman has resided in a state-run social institution and is Black. This article focuses on six pregnant Black women who were residents at the Tewksbury Almshouse in Massachusetts between 1854 and 1884. I examine the way the women’s names and other aspects of their identities were recorded in the intake records and in state birth and U.S. Census records. I contend that the women were not treated with dignity and respect, such that their names were often misspelled, shortened, and documented incorrectly. Part of my argument is that this was done partially because many of the women were pregnant with a white man’s baby and were poor, domestic Black women carrying a bi-racial baby out of wedlock. All of this has made it challenging to trace the family ties of the women once they left Tewksbury. I argue that the way in which these women were treated and documented (or not) reflects the devaluing of Black women and, especially, Black pregnant women.

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27

Soblirova, Zareta Khasanbievna, Zairat Khasanbievna Kumakhova, and Muslim Sultanovich Tamazov. "The problem of engaging the women of Kabardino-Balkaria inti industrial manufacturing in the 1920s – 1930s." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2022.1.37465.

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The subject of this research is the examination of socioeconomic development of post-revolutionary Kabardino-Balkaria. The experience of engaging women in public space and industrial manufacturing draws particular interest. In the conditions of transition towards large-scale enterprise, women turns into an active participant of public life and social structure. Highlanders were engaged to industries that did not require high skills. Professional activity was accompanied by educational work, as well as organization of meetings and conferences. The article explores archival documents that are newly introduced into the scientific discourse, which reflect the transitional stage of inclusion of women in the Soviet sociopolitical space. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the participation of women of Kabardino-Balkaria in the industrial manufacturing over the period from 1920s to 1930s, ethnic peculiarities of overcoming the difficulties related to industrialization, and creation of conditions for its liberation. It is demonstrated that in the conditions of personnel shortage, the participation of female highlanders in the industrial manufacturing was not only of ideological and political importance, but also contributed to the formation of a new social and cultural infrastructure. The emergence of labor force, growth of urban population and engagement of women in manufacturing had progressive meaning and significantly changed the people’s mentality. Women became a full member of society, their rights were codified by law, and the plan for gender equality outlined by the Soviet state was on the path to implementation.

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28

Dewar, Margaret E., Joan Fitzgerald, and Nancey Green Leigh. "Introduction: Women's Fortunes and Economic Restructuring." Economic Development Quarterly 8, no. 2 (May 1994): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249400800204.

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Little information exists about the effects of economic restructuring on American women. Effects on men and women likely differ because women have the major responsibility for household work and because men and women are segregated by occupation. Women lose jobs less often than men, but are unemployed longer, less likely to find new work in manufacturing, and much more likely to leave the labor force. Women account for the majority of the increase in multiple jobholders. Geographically isolated female workers affect the location, growth, or reorganization of work—in low-wage manufacturing and office functions, for instance. Much remains unknown about the differential effects on men and women of the increase in temporary work and multiple jobholding, for instance, and the nature of economic restructuring stimulated by poor female minority populations in inner cities. Conventional economic development programs are poorly adapted to solving the problems women face during economic restructuring.

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29

Nordstrom, Carolyn. "Women, economy, war." International Review of the Red Cross 92, no. 877 (March 2010): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383110000263.

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AbstractPolitical violence amplifies contemporary trends occurring worldwide in the twenty-first century: globalization, an increasing reliance on the informal economy, a shift from twentieth-century manufacturing to resource and labour wildcatting, and the growth of complex international extra-legal trade networks. Women are central to all of these, though their roles both as leaders of development and victims of violence are often overlooked in mainstream analyses. To explain these invisibilities, this article introduces the concept of vanishing points – places where formal analyses and policy effectively cease, such as the dividing lines between formal and informal economies, and the violence associated with controlling extra-legal profits that is effectively invisible to the public at large. The realities of women's work amid political violence and postwar development, and across the spectrum of in/formality are explored. The conclusions serve to challenge established notions of power, profit, and economy, and the role of gender within these.

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30

MILLS, MARY BETH. "Assembling Women: The Feminization of Global Manufacturing by Teri L. Caraway." American Ethnologist 36, no. 1 (February 2009): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2008.01111_4.x.

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31

Behera, Ashok Kumar. "Constitutional and Legal Framework of Women Empowerment in India." IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) 6, no. 2 (November 14, 2021): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v6i2.29463.

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Our Constitution as ultimate law of territory and sufficient of legislations tried to reorganize their surroundings and supply assistance for security and their upliftments.Â The study is an attempt to review and fall out that there is complete constitutional and other legal arrangement to deal with issues of women empowerment. However, this research paper is limited to some legal provisions and interpretations of Indian Courts only. The jurisprudence of industrialization has confirmed the very important roles as tool of social justice. Equal Remuneration Act 1976 passed with the aim of equal pay for equal work both man and woman and contained that there will be no intolerance against employment of woman and promotes chance to them. Maternity Benefit Act 1961 provides protection to women workers maternity leave, extra leave for child infancy sufficient awareness to their security and strength of woman during pregnancy and lactation. Factories Act 1948 makes comprehensive requirements concerning health, safety and welfare of employment of women. Sec.25 of Beedi and Cigar Workers (Condition and Employment) Act 1966 laid down no woman shall be obligatory to manufacturing premises except between 6 a.m. and 7 a.m. and to make sure for safety of woman.Â

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32

Johannesson, Louise, and Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås. "Services Trade: The Great Gender Equaliser?" Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 3 (May 25, 2021): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00157325211011845.

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Standing at 24% in 2018, India’s female labour force participation is only half of the global average (48%). At the same time, India has one of the widest gender wage gaps in the world and women are less likely to be employed in the formal sector compared to men. This article focuses on how international trade affects relative wages and formal employment between men and women in India. Using the Revealed Symmetrical Comparative Advantage index, sectors of comparative advantage and disadvantage are identified and matched to Indian labour force surveys that contain information on sectoral employment and earnings. We find that sectors of comparative advantage in services have the lowest gender wage gap, with women earning 24% less than their male counterparts, while women in manufacturing earned on average 40% less than male workers. Using the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, we find that the total gender wage gap in sectors of comparative advantage in services are minor while it is quite substantial in manufacturing, regardless of comparative advantage status. The article concludes that services trade goes hand in hand with a smaller gender wage gap as women leverage their skills better in services than in manufacturing. JEL Codes: F16, F14

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33

Burney, M. I. "Transferring Manufacturing Technology: Producing Essential Vaccines in Pakistan." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 9, no. 3 (1993): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300004657.

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AbstractPakistan has produced essential vaccines as part of an Expanded Program on Immunization. The program has been successful in achieving high rates of immunization in pregnant women and children under two years of age. This paper focuses on key events in the development of Pakistan's capacity to produce vaccines.

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34

Sayeed, Asad, Farhan Sami Khan, and Sohail Javed. "Income Patterns of Woman Workers in Pakistan - A Case Study of the Urban Manufacturing Sector." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2003.v8.i1.a7.

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The paper analyses the income patterns of women workers employed in the urban manufacturing sector of Pakistan. It examines the wage differentials across regions, manufacturing sectors and industrial categories including large scale factories, small-scale enterprises and home based work. The central conclusion is that wages of women workers across sectors and industry size vary because of differences in the capital-labour ratio and hence labour productivity. The paper determines the proportion of women earning above and below the legally mandated minimum wage, which differs significantly across formal and informal industries. Finally, the earnings of workers have been examined in the context of human capital accumulation.

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35

Zarinebaf-Shahr, Fariba. "The Role of Women in the Urban Economy of Istanbul, 1700–1850." International Labor and Working-Class History 60 (October 2001): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547901004495.

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This article examines the role of women in manufacturing and the urban economy of Istanbul during the premodern period. It shows that Ottoman women engaged in a variety of economic activities, and invested in the real estate market. They participated in the textile industry of Bursa, Ankara, and Istanbul as weavers, dyers, and embroiderers. Their labor, however, remained marginal to artisanal production through the guilds. Very few women were accepted into the guilds. They were hired by the putting-out merchants to produce secretly at home. Their input to manufacturing increased in the second half of the nineteenth century when the guilds were losing their monopoly over production.

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36

Bui, MinhTam, and Trinh Q. Long. "Women’s Economic Empowerment in Vietnam: Performance and Constraints of Female-Led Manufacturing SMEs." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14060255.

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This paper identifies whether there was a performance difference among micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) led by men and by women in Vietnam during the period 2005–2013 and aims to provide explanations for the differences, if any, in various performance indicators. The paper adopts a quantitative approach using a firm-level panel dataset in the manufacturing sector in 10 provinces/cities in Vietnam in five waves from 2005 to 2013. Fixed effect models are estimated to examine the influence of firm variables and demographic, human capital characteristics of owners/managers on firms’ value added, labor productivity and employment creation. We found that men led MSMEs did not outperform those led by women on average. Although the average value added was lower for female-led firms in the informal sector, the opposite was true in the formal sector where women tend to lead medium-size firms with higher value added and labor productivity. The performance disparity was more envisaged across levels of formality and less clear from a gender perspective. Moreover, while firms owned by businessmen seemed to create more jobs, firms owned by women had a higher share of female employees. No significant difference in business constraints faced by women and by men was found.

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37

Khazaei, Faten. "Manufacturing Difference: Police Responses to “Domestic Violence”." Swiss Journal of Sociology 48, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 531–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjs-2022-0026.

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Abstract Although previous research has criticized the racialization of violence against women, the tendency to link so-called “domestic violence” to migrant population remains popular in Switzerland. This article based on an ethnographic study of a police emergency unit, argues against the thesis according to which domestic violence is more frequent (or more serious) in migrant populations. It examines the “Sri Lankan case”, a prevailing narrative in this institution, to show how the police officers manufacture difference between similar cases.

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38

Rosen, Ellen I. "Women Workers in a Restructured Domestic Apparel Industry." Economic Development Quarterly 8, no. 2 (May 1994): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249400800209.

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In the context of theories of gender and skill, this article provides an analysis of the way new efforts to restructure domestic apparel production are affecting women production workers. The theoretical framework embodies the notion that skill has traditionally been defined by the work that men do. Women's socially and culturally devalued position has relegated them to labor-intensive, low-wage work, traditionally seen as unskilled. The emergence of new forms of international trade, changing U.S. policies, and transformations in America's financial and retail markets have contributed to new forms of labor intensity for women apparel operators. Evidence from a study of the men's tailored clothing industry and other firms producing comparable garments leads to the conclusion that efforts to restructure domestic apparel production through flexible manufacturing tend to create new forms of taylorist production in certain segments of the industry. Rather than improving the quality of work for women apparel operators, flexible manufacturing tends to intensify the labor of these workers and may have the potential to contribute to their experience of declining wages.

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39

Kriger, Colleen. "Textile Production and Gender in the Sokoto Caliphate." Journal of African History 34, no. 3 (November 1993): 361–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700033727.

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Men and women, trained in the occupations of spinner, weaver, dyer, tailor and embroiderer, manufactured the renowned textile products of the Sokoto Caliphate, a nineteenth-century state in the central Sudan region of West Africa. The numerical distributions of men and women within these occupations were uneven, but not in accordance with the pattern described most frequently in the literature. Offered here is another, more detailed view of textile production. Women were not simply spinners but were also weavers and dyers. Uneven, too, were the geographical distributions of men and women workers. Men skilled in textile manufacturing were widely disseminated throughout the caliphate, as were women spinners; women skilled at weaving and dyeing, however, were concentrated mainly in the southern emirates of Nupe and Ilorin. Similarly, male entrepreneurs organized large-scale textile manufacturing enterprises in the north-central portion of the caliphate while enterprises created by women were located to the south.New sources, the textile products of the caliphate, along with other contemporary evidence, reveal that women's work was more varied, more prominent, more highly skilled and more organized than previously thought. Comparative analyses along gender lines show that men's work and women's work were similar in the degree of training required and the levels of skill achieved. Labor, especially skilled labor, was critical to textile production if the caliphate was to maintain its external markets. But there were substantial differences in the degree to which men and women could mobilize and organize labor. A variety of social and political factors in caliphate society combined to assist men and hinder women in the organization and management of textile manufacturing.

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40

Cheong, Jia-Qi, Suresh Narayanan, and Jacqueline Lisa Fernandez. "Re-examining Gender Earning Differentials in Malaysian Manufacturing." Asian Economic Papers 21, no. 1 (2022): 64–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00845.

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Abstract The manufacturing sector is a major avenue for female employment in the urban labor market in Malaysia. Only two studies, both published more than two decades ago, have examined gender earning differentials in this sector. Since then, the percentage of women being educated has increased, along with their participation rate, and several laws protecting their rights have also been passed, making it timely to re-examine the earnings gap. We do this by drawing on more recent data from a larger representative survey of manufacturing employees. The Blinder-Oaxaca technique, utilized in the previous two studies, was used to estimate the existing earnings gap and to decompose it to differences attributable to endowments, coefficients (traditionally viewed as subsuming discrimination), and the interaction between the two. We found a smaller gap than previously reported, with better female endowments helping to narrow the gap, and unexplained differences in coefficients being responsible for the remaining gap. The interaction effect was not statistically significant. Contrary to the earlier studies, the differential treatment of women in the manufacturing sector, rather than endowment differences, is hampering the equalization of earnings. This calls for newer approaches to closing the earnings gap.

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41

Arofah, Anastasia Anggarkusuma, and Destin Alfianika Maharani. "Demographic, Financial Literacy, and Financial Behavior of Women Working in Manufacturing Industry." Economic Education Analysis Journal 10, no. 3 (October 30, 2021): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eeaj.v10i3.46907.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of demographic factors and financial literacy on financial behavior of women working in manufacturing industry. Women are the targets of financial literacy due to their involvement in fulfilling the household needs and welfare. This research is quantitative research. Using the questionnaire on 115 respondents in this study from various manufacturing industries in Purbalingga with probability sampling as the technique. While the data analysis technique used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) PLS 3.0. The findings show that, first, demographic factors contribute positively and significantly towards female workers’ financial behavior with original sample value 0.224 and t-value 2.420 > 1.96; second, financial literacy also contributes positively and significantly towards financial behavior with original sample value 0.256 and t-value 3.251 > 1.96. The higher the demographic factors of female workers, the better their financial management are. Likewise, students with low financial literacy tend to be able to hold back their urges to buy things and use services. Moreover, the significance of financial literacy and demographic factors has important implications for the development of policies that aim to improve financial behaviour among women working in financial education programs.

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Lee, Yoonkyung. "Assembling Women: The Feminization of Global Manufacturing â By Teri L. Caraway." Asian Politics & Policy 2, no. 1 (January 2010): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-0787.2009.01180.x.

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SCOTT, PETER. "Women, Other “Fresh” Workers, and the New Manufacturing Workforce of Interwar Britain." International Review of Social History 45, no. 3 (December 2000): 449–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000000249.

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Structural, organizational, and technological changes in British industry during the interwar years led to a decline in skilled and physically demanding work, while there was a dramatic expansion in unskilled and semiskilled employment. Previous authors have noted that the new un/semiskilled jobs were generally filled by “fresh” workers recruited from outside the core manufacturing workforce, though there is considerable disagreement regarding the composition of this new workforce. This paper examines labour recruitment patterns and strategies using national data and case studies of eight rapidly expanding industrial centres. The new industrial workforce is shown to have been recruited from a “reserve army” of workers with the common features of relative cheapness, flexibility, and weak unionization. These included women, juveniles, local workers in poorly paid nonindustrial sectors, such as agriculture, and (where these other categories were in short supply) relatively young long-distance internal migrants from declining industrial areas.

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Brandão, Amélia, Mahesh Gadekar, and Francisco Cardoso. "The impact of a firm’s transparent manufacturing practices on women fashion shoppers." Journal of Global Fashion Marketing 9, no. 4 (September 7, 2018): 322–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2018.1503555.

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Brickell, Katherine. "Assembling Women. The Feminization of Global Manufacturing - Edited by Teri L. Caraway." British Journal of Industrial Relations 47, no. 2 (June 2009): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00728_3.x.

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Ahmed, Salma, Simon Feeny, and Alberto Posso. "What firm characteristics determine women ' s employment in manufacturing? Evidence from Bangladesh." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 35, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-07-2015-0057.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the principal determinants of women’s employment in the manufacturing sector of Bangladesh using a firm-level panel data from the World Bank’s “Enterprise Survey” for the years 2007, 2011 and 2013. The paper sheds light on the demand-side factors, mainly firm-level characteristics, which also influence this decision. Design/methodology/approach – The authors estimate a fractional logit model to model a dependent variable that is limited by zero from below and one from above. Findings – The results indicate that firm size, whether medium or large, and firms’ export-oriented activities, have an important impact on women’s employment in the manufacturing sector in Bangladesh. Moreover, the authors find that women are significantly more likely to work in unskilled-labour-intensive industries within the manufacturing sector. Research limitations/implications – The research is limited to Bangladesh; however, much of the evidence presented here has implications that are relevant to policymakers in other developing countries. Practical implications – The study identifies factors that affect female employment, that is, where the main constraints to increase female labour force participation. The study focuses on the demand-side factors, which has been somewhat neglected in recent years. As such, it has practical policy implications. Social implications – Focusing on female employment in Bangladesh also sheds light on the nexus between labour market opportunities and social change within a country that is characterised by extreme patriarchy, which has wide-reaching implications. Originality/value – This is an original and comprehensive paper by the authors.

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Mitter, Swasti. "Industrial restructuring and manufacturing homework: immigrant women in the UK clothing industry." Capital & Class 9, no. 3 (October 1985): 37–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981688502700103.

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Chudzicka, Jadwiga. "Women Scientists in Gender Oriented Research." Foundations of Management 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10238-012-0011-1.

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Women Scientists in Gender Oriented ResearchThe aim of the article is to present and analyze the results of the questionnaire research performed in Poland between November of 2006 and February of 2007 as well as to discuss their meaning for product design and manufacturing management. The project aimed at clarifying the process of how the women scientists are engaged in technological and R&D response to the needs of women end-users. The study examined economic and socio-cultural factors that influence gender-specific end-user interaction with women researchers by comparing and analyzing gender equality in R&D in the case of agricultural implementations for rural applications.

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Strom, Sharon Hartman. "“Light Manufacturing”: The Feminization of American Office Work, 1900–1930." ILR Review 43, no. 1 (October 1989): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398904300106.

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This study challenges the impression left by most historical accounts of office work that the feminization of office work was total, inevitable, and somehow “natural.” The author argues that when business machines and rationalized systems of office work came together (around 1900), women were initially chosen to fill many of the new jobs partly because of the long-standing use of women in similarly routinized “light manufacturing”; and they were subsequently hired in ever-greater numbers primarily because the pervasive discrimination that denied them most career opportunities ensured that they would accept low wages. The feminization of office work was not, however, as extensive as the literature generally claims. By using the marriage bar, employers were able to create an office work force segmented by gender, with more prestigious job titles and almost all promotion opportunities reserved for men.

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Walton, Whitney. "“To Triumph before Feminine Taste”: Bourgeois Women's Consumption and Hand Methods of Production in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Paris." Business History Review 60, no. 4 (1986): 541–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115658.

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In this article Professor Walton examines the influence of bourgeois women on industrial production in nineteenth-century Paris. She argues that women, as arbiters of taste and consumers for the family, sought art and originality in manufactured goods, and that their demands in turn fostered handicraft and less skilled hand methods of manufacturing as the best means of providing such goods. By establishing the connections between women's roles and bourgeois demand, and between bourgeois demand and hand manufacturing, this study offers a new perspective on the persistence of hand production in France.

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