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Journal articles on the topic 'Women in Iran. Women, Mohammedan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Pickering, Sharon, and James Barry. "Women fleeing Iran: why women leave Iran and seek asylum in Australia." Australian Journal of Human Rights 19, no. 3 (November 2013): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323-238x.2013.11882135.

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2

Elham and Mandana Hendessi. "Armed Angels: Women in Iran." Feminist Review, no. 40 (1992): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1395281.

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3

Hegland, Mary, Guity Nashat, Farah Azari, Azar Tabari, and Nahid Yeganeh. "Women and Revolution in Iran." MERIP Middle East Report, no. 142 (September 1986): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3011998.

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4

Afshar, Haleh. "Women and Politics in Iran." European Journal of Development Research 12, no. 1 (June 2000): 188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09578810008426758.

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5

Tawasil, Amina. "TheHowzevi(Seminarian) Women in Iran." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-2889189.

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6

Afshar, Haleh. "Women and Work in Iran." Political Studies 45, no. 4 (September 1997): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00110.

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The post-revolutionary government in Iran presents its approach to women as a template for other Islamic nations to follow. By reconstructing the Koranic laws to meet the demands of time, it argues that Muslim women have secure and eternal independent economic and social rights. This is not so. Since the revolution Iranian women have systematically lost out in the formal labour market. But in recent years they have made a concerted effort to capture the Islamic discourse to contest the legitimacy of some of the formal obstacles placed on their access to paid employment.

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7

Ziba Jalali Naini. "Afghan Refugee Women in Iran." Feminist Dissent, no. 7 (March 25, 2024): 166–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/fd.n7.2023.1510.

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This article looks at how Afghan migrant women to Iran gained greater self-awareness and experienced many changes in their traditional gender roles. This qualitative study was conducted through in-depth interviews with Afghan working women in Tehran. The women had a median age of 39 (between 23 to 55) and had been living in Iran anywhere between one to twenty-five years. Most of the responders migrated to Iran after the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan in 1995. A few were more recent migrants who arrived after the Taliban took over in August 2021. The article addresses the ways in which Afghan women have attained self-awareness and the multiplicity of factors which have facilitated or impeded this process. We will see that these women have gone far beyond the immediate restrictions and impediments that were imposed by their traditional families, as well as the strict gender division of labour in their community.

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8

Lin, Sherry. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 9, No. 4." Higher Education Studies 9, no. 4 (November 29, 2019): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v9n4p226.

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Higher Education Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Higher Education Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to hes@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 4 Abdelaziz Mohammed, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia Alina Mag, University Lucian Blaga of Sibiu, Romania Ana Maria Carneiro, University of Campinas, Brazil Anna Liduma, University of Latvia, Latvia Antonina Lukenchuk, National Louis University, USA Arwa Aleryani, Saba University, Yemen Aynur Yürekli, İzmir University of Economics, Turkey Bahar Gün, İzmir University of Economics, Turkey Bo Chang, Ball State University, USA Deniz Ayse Yazicioglu, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Dibakar Sarangi, Teacher Education and State Council for Educational research and Training, India Donna.Smith, The Open University, UK Geraldine N. Hill, Elizabeth City State University, USA Hüseyin Serçe, Selçuk University, Turkey Jisun Jung, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Kartheek R. Balapala, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia Laith Ahmed Najam, Mosul University, Iraq Lung-Tan Lu, Fo Guang University, Taiwan Mei Jiun Wu, University of Macau, China Meric Ozgeldi, Mersin University, Turkey Najia Sabir, Indiana University Bloomington, USA Okedeyi Sakiru Abiodun, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria Prashneel Ravisan Goundar, Fiji National University, Fiji Qing Xie, Jiangnan University, China Rafizah Mohd Rawian, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia Ranjit Kaur Gurdial Singh, The Kilmore International School, Australia Sadeeqa Sadeeqa, Lahore College For Women University Lahore, Pakistan Samuel Byndom, Parkland College, USA Semiyu Adejare Aderibigbe, American University in the Emirates, UAE Suat Capuk, Adiyaman University, Faculty of Education, Turkey Teguh Budiharso, Center of Language and Culture Studies, Indonesia Tuija A. Turunen, University of Lapland, Finland Xiaojiong Ding, Shanghai Normal University, China Zahra Shahsavar, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran

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9

WOESTHOFF, JULIA. "‘When I Marry a Mohammedan’: Migration and the Challenges of Interethnic Marriages in Post-War Germany." Contemporary European History 22, no. 2 (April 4, 2013): 199–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777313000052.

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AbstractDiscussions about intermarriage between foreign Muslim men and German Christian women from the 1950s to the 1970s shaped concepts of Islam, gender and difference found in more recent integration debates. Those insisting on inherent incompatibilities between Germans and Turks since the 1970s have drawn on these tropes developed decades earlier. Yet the post-war context differed from the later period in three important ways: the Muslim foreigners were students and interns, not guestworkers; it was German Christian women (not foreign Muslim women in Germany) who were the presumed victims of Muslim men; and it was principally national church institutions that formulated the language about difference.

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10

Sattari, Negin. "Women driving women: drivers of women-only taxis in the Islamic Republic of Iran." Women's Studies International Forum 78 (January 2020): 102324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2019.102324.

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11

Gulick, John, and Asghar Fathi. "Women and the Family in Iran." Contemporary Sociology 16, no. 4 (July 1987): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069877.

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12

Keddie, Nikki R. "Women in Iran: An Online Discussion." Middle East Policy 8, no. 4 (December 2001): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4967.2001.tb00013.x.

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13

Afshar, Haler. "Women, state and ideology in Iran." Third World Quarterly 7, no. 2 (April 1985): 256–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436598508419838.

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14

Moghissi, Haideh. "Women, Modernization and Revolution in Iran." Review of Radical Political Economics 23, no. 3-4 (September 1991): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/048661349102300312.

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15

Modarresi, Meisam, Zahra Arasti, Kambiz Talebi, and Maghsoud Farasatkhah. "Women’s entrepreneurship in Iran." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 8, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 446–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-03-2016-0006.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the growth motivations of women owning and managing home-based businesses (HBBs) in Iran. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative approach was used by 20 in-depth interviews with Iranian female HBBs owners/mangers. Findings The business growth motivations of women owning and managing HBBs were categorized in intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Results show that women owning and managing HBBs are motivated to growth their businesses by intrinsic motivations including need for achievement, need for independence, proving competency and socio-cultural concerns. Also, they are motivated by some extrinsic motivations including financial issues, fame, positive feedback from others and the problems of working at home. Research limitations/implications Given the importance of entrepreneurial growth, the findings provide additional insight into growth motivations of women entrepreneurs. Practical implications The results of this study can help policymakers to develop purposeful growth policies for women’s HBBs that are commensurate with the motivations. Social implications Also, women owning and managing HBBs themselves could better concentrate on enhancing business growth by deepening their understanding of their business growth motivations. Originality/value The paper contributes to the scarce knowledge about women-owned HBBs in Iran, a rapidly growing, developing country, which can provide better insights from a less explored context. Moreover, as there is only a limited understanding of HBB growth, especially in relation to women business owners, the study results can prove helpful for researchers in the domain of female entrepreneurs. Also, this paper contributes to theory on the motivation for entrepreneurship and to research on growth motivation.

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16

Aghajanian, Akbar. "Status of Women and Fertility in Iran." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 23, no. 3 (October 1, 1992): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.23.3.361.

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17

Baradaran, Behzad, and Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh. "Breast Cancer Among Young Women in Iran." International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences 7, no. 2 (March 9, 2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2019.23.

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18

Mahdavi, Shireen. "Review Article: Iran, Revolution, Intellectuals and Women." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 34, no. 3 (December 2007): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13530190701727704.

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19

Ghadirian, Laleh, and Reza Majdzadeh. "Establishment of women-specific hospitals in Iran." Lancet 393, no. 10186 (May 2019): 2121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31153-5.

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20

Mohammadi, M. "Migration, women and education: Iran case study." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S696—S697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1227.

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Short description migration of villagers to cities can be damaging the women's status in social affairs and promotion of family. Long description, one of the most controversial problems of rural dwellers’ migration to big cities, is the occupation of women in low-level jobs. The villagers mostly have little skills and women are deprived of knowledge and skills to cope with the new situation so that they cannot find good jobs to meet the family needs. The low-level jobs and income by men in black market after having migrated to the cities force women to adopt to work in dirty jobs or work as maid at homes to increase the financial capacities of the family and provide educational facilities for children. This can bring about many dangers for the family. First, children are deprived of family interaction most part of the day and most of them become trapped with illegal gangs of drug distribution. Second, women can be exploited with the burglary and shoplifting groups who use low educated and poor women. The destiny of most of these women is prison and being away from the family, which in turn worsens the situation. Vocational skills provided by NGOs have helped women to sustain their life but they are not enough. The factors involving with the situation of these women are the main focus of this paper.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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21

Brookshaw, Dominic Parviz. "Women in Praise of Women: Female Poets and Female Patrons in Qajar Iran." Iranian Studies 46, no. 1 (January 2013): 17–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2012.740902.

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22

Hojati, Zahra. "Voices from Iran." American Journal of Islam and Society 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v22i1.1736.

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Voices from Iran is authored by Mahnaz Kousha, an Iranian college professorwho lectures on issues relating to women in the Middle East at MacalesterCollege in Minnesota. The 10-chapter work provides a qualitative study, featuring15 Iranian women, that addresses the position of women in Iran.Participants ranged in age from from 38 to 55 and lived in the capital city ofTehran from 1995 to 1997. These women came from low- to high-incomefamilies, had educational backgrounds that range from high school diplomasto college/university degrees, and possessed employment experience in Iran.Even though the work can be considered a valuable piece in that it servesas a medium through which the voices of Iranian women can be heard, it doesnot necessarily reflect the experiences of all women due to the limitation ofthe research itself (region, language, religion). In addition, some of Kousha’sconclusions are far reaching and can be rendered debatable. For instance, theissue of why educated mothers still do not treat their daughters fairly andseem unable to help them question and resist their social status is notaddressed. The author also fails to provide an in-depth analysis regarding theimpact of family class and culture in shaping the subjectivities of their daughters.As well, the social and cultural impact of the Islamic revolution onwomen’s rights in Iran is not discussed. Moreover, a closing summary orassessment is not made at the end of the work.The book’s first three chapters include an introduction, a methodologychapter, and an introduction to the research participants. The analysis of thedata begins from chapters 4 and 5, where the different relationshipsbetween mothers and daughters are discussed. Some of the participants’experiences involve mothers who openly shared their problems and concernswith them such as the isolation and powerlessness that they have withtheir husbands or mothers-in-law. Others complained that their mothers discriminatedagainst them while giving their brothers preferential treatment.Of interest is the fact that the author does not explore the underlying factorsthat may have contributed to this problematic behavior such as parentaleducation, socioeconomic status, local culture, and religious issues.In chapter 6, Kousha analyzes the relationship between fathers anddaughters. The father is seen as the first man in his daughter’s life, providing ...

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23

Bavili, Negin. "Feminization of Immigration From Iran Since 1979." European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (May 13, 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2022.2.3.261.

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At first, I will study immigration patterns of Iranian women after 1979 revolution. This study will attempt to see how these immigration pattern of Iranian women have transformed from 1979., More specifically, This study will concentrate on What are the motives of Iranian women to leave the country? Besides analyzing immigration patterns of Iranian women after 1979, factors like gender inequality, Human development index, unemployment rate, UNHCR statistics will be compared. In order to study how immigration patterns of Iranian women have transformed after 1979 interview will be conducted to see motives of women for immigration. In this study, I don’t have access to informal statistics and the statistics of illegal immigration. And this can be considered as limitations which I faced during my research activity.

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24

Azizi, Fereidoun. "Iodine nutrition in pregnancy and lactation in Iran." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 12A (December 2007): 1596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007360977.

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AbstractObjective: To describe studies evaluating urinary iodine excretion during pregnancy and lactation in women living in cities with adequate or more than adequate iodine intake.Design: Cross-sectional study conducted between 1996 and 1998 in pregnant women and a study of lactating women conducted in 2003.Settings and Subjects: Pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in four cities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Urinary iodine excretion and thyroid volume was measured in 403 women. In a second study, 100 lactating women from Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan, Iran were evaluated for thyroid size, and both urinary and breast milk iodine concentrations were determined.Results: In Rasht city, 84% of pregnant women had a urinary iodine concentration of ≥ 200 μg l-1, while in the other cities this percentage ranged from 45 to 55%. When data were combined for the cities of Ilam, Isfahan and Tehran, where women have an adequate or more than adequate median urinary iodine concentration, 51% of pregnant women had a urinary iodine concentration less than that recommended during pregnancy. In Rasht, where the median urinary iodine concentration indicates an excessive iodine intake, 15.4% of pregnant women had a urinary iodine concentration < 200 μg l-1. The mean urinary iodine concentration in lactating women was 250 μg l-1, and 16% of women had a urinary iodine concentration < 100 μg l-1. Grade 1 goitre was present in 8% of lactating women, and another 8% had grade 2 goitre.Conclusions: Findings of this study call for further attention to iodine intake during pregnancy and lactation. The currently recommended intake of iodine through universal salt iodisation may not be adequate for pregnant and lactating women, and supplementation during pregnancy and lactation should be further considered in light of the latest recommendations.

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25

Akbarzadeh, Shahram, Rebecca Barlow, and Sanaz Nasirpour. "Registered NGOs and advocacy for women in Iran." Third World Quarterly 42, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 1475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1896964.

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26

Shahidian, Hammed. "Women and Clandestine Politics in Iran, 1970-1985." Feminist Studies 23, no. 1 (1997): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3178296.

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27

DAEMS, Aurelie. "The iconography of pre-Islamic women in Iran." Iranica Antiqua 36 (January 1, 2001): 1–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ia.36.0.105.

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28

Shanazarova, Aziza. "Women in Mongol Iran: the Khātūns, 1206–1335." Central Asian Survey 38, no. 2 (October 15, 2018): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2018.1524643.

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29

Tafakori, Sara. "women, power and politics in 21st century Iran." Feminist Review 105, no. 1 (November 2013): e12-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.2013.28.

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30

Moghadam, Valentine M. "Hidden from history? Women workers in modern Iran." Iranian Studies 33, no. 3-4 (September 2000): 377–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210860008701987.

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31

Papan-Matin, F. "Mrs. President: Women and Political Leadership in Iran." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 25, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-25-2-515.

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32

Rahbari, Ladan. "Women in Higher Education and Academia in Iran." Sociology and Anthropology 4, no. 11 (November 2016): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/sa.2016.041107.

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33

Moghissi, Haideh. "Women, Power and Politics in 21st Century Iran." Gender & Development 21, no. 1 (March 2013): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2013.767529.

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34

Rogayeh, Noorizadeh, Ivanbagha Reyhaneh, Ranjbar Koochaksaraei Fatemeh, Pezeshki Mohammad Zakaria, and Bakhtari Aghdam Fateme. "Depression and anxiety in sterilised women in Iran." Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 33, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1783/147118907782101850.

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35

Ghodsi, Fatemeh, Forozan Olfati, Nasim Bahrami, and Maryam Farhad. "Cyclic Mastalgia in Iranian Women: A Review." Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 24, no. 6 (February 1, 2020): 566–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jqums.24.6.8.

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Despite the high prevalence of cyclic mastalgia, there is much disagreement and uncertainties about its treatment methods. The present study aims to review studies conducted on cyclic mastalgia over the past two decades in Iran. In this regard, a search was conducted in Scopus, SID, PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and IranMedex databases on articles published in Persian and English from 1998 to 2018 using the following keywords: “Mastalgia”, “cyclic mastalgia”, “breast pain”, and “Mastodynia”. Initial search yielded 975 articles. Of these, 29 were selected for review based on inclusion criteria; 19 interventional and 10 non-interventional. Based on the results, most studies reported a mastalgia prevalence of about 30% in Iran. The most common age for cyclic mastalgia was 30 years. In most studies, a significant relationship between premenstrual syndrome and cyclic mastalgia was reported. The use of vitamins and herbal plants were the most common interventions for cyclic mastalgia, while counseling was the least common type. It seems that cyclic mastalgia affects the sleep quality and physical and sexual activities. Due to the high prevalence of cyclic mastalgia reported in various studies in Iran, and the lack a same treatment protocol, further study on cyclic mastalgia is recommended.

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36

Akhavan, Niki. "Nonfiction Form and the “Truth” about Muslim Women in Iranian Documentary." Feminist Media Histories 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2015.1.1.89.

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More than three decades of hostile relations between Iran and the West have meant that images about Iran and Iranian women circulate in a charged political environment. In this geopolitical context, Iranian women filmmakers have often found receptive audiences abroad who turn to documentaries as sites to reveal the truths of contemporary Iran. The enthusiasm for these works, however, also exerts pressures on filmmakers to adhere to familiar narratives about Iran and Iranian women or risk losing their audiences. Focusing on Nahid Sarvestani's Prostitution behind the Veil (2004) and Mahvash Sheikholeslami's Where Do I Belong? (2007), this article examines two tendencies in recent Iranian documentary. The former film exemplifies the prevalent trend of repeating troubling but familiar tropes about Islam and Muslim women, while the latter is an example of attempts to provide a more nuanced picture of Iran's social and political problems. Placing these films in the broader context of the history of nonfiction films in Iran, the article also draws from both feminist scholarship on representations of the Muslim world and longstanding debates within documentary studies to show the high stakes of producing films about Iran and to suggest that documentary works by and about Iranian women should be more rigorously interrogated for their ethical and political implications.

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37

Esmaeili, Samira. "The Growth of Women’s Role in the Iranian Parliament since the Islamic Revolution of 1979." RUDN Journal of Political Science 22, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2020-22-1-49-58.

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This article discusses the position of women in Iranian political life, enhancing the role of Iranian women policy, the story of their political struggle for the rightful place and role in the country’s political arena, as well as the results achieved by women in public organizations of Iran. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, based on the legitimacy of women’ rights and political participation, the rules and laws in Iran have been reviewed and changes have been made in respect of political rights and participation in the government of this gender group. The article deals with the problem of political participation of women in contemporary Iran, as well as the issue of enhancing their role in the parliament as one of the most important political institutions of the country.

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38

Hashemi, Farhad B., Babak Pourakbari, and Javad Zaeimi Yazdi. "Frequency ofChlamydia trachomatisin Women with Cervicitis in Tehran, Iran." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2007 (2007): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/67014.

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Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide, but current data concerning the prevalence of CT among women in Iran is scarce. Data regarding the frequency of CT infection among Iranian women can help to justify the implementation of a national CT screening program that can reduce the high morbidity associated with sequelae of CT infections by treating infected women. Endocervical secretions from 123 married women (20–55 years) with cervicitis were tested by a PCR-EIA method using primers to amplify a CT-specific plasmid. The digoxigenin-labeled amplicon was measured by hybridization to a biotin-labeled probe and a strepavidin-coated plate, followed by an enzyme-linked colorimetric analysis. Overall frequency of CT infection among women was 17%(21/123). The range of CT frequency among various age groups was 12–25%. The 31–40-year-age group comprised the majority (49%) of CT positive samples, followed by 20–30 year group (33%). Although the 20-to-30-year-old women reported the highest frequency of STI history, they had the lowest relative frequency of CT infection (12%). There is a high frequency of CT infection among women with cervicitis in Tehran, Iran, thus indicating a necessity to implement a routine CT screening program in the major cities of Iran and possibly nationwide. Identification of CT-infected women may prevent its spread, and thereby reduce the high morbidity associated with CT infections among women in Iran.

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39

Tafvizi, Farzaneh, and Masomeh Masomi. "Comparison of Serum Leptin Level in Women with Unexplained Infertility and Fertile Women in Iran." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India 66, S1 (February 26, 2016): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13224-016-0843-9.

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40

Joulaei, Hassan, and Nooshin Zarei. "Women’s Cancer Care in Iran." Cancer Control 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 107327481984843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073274819848432.

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Breast cancer (BC) and cervical cancer (CC) are the first and fifth common cancers in Iranian women. Although age-standardized incidence rate of BC and CC in Iran is low, the mortality to incidence ratio is high due to late diagnosis. Except an old and a quite comprehensive cancer registry, women’s cancer care encounter many challenges in Iran. Lack of a customized national and inclusive protocol to control cancer care along with the fragmented health system is the first and foremost cancer care challenge. Many high-risk women miss the opportunity of early diagnosis and treatment because of poor knowledge, low accessibility, or affordability to health care, stigma, and spouse negligence. Although the most effective BC screening method is mammography, it is not equally available for all Iranian women. Furthermore, the cost of BC is very high and screening is accompanied by stigmatized sociocultural beliefs. Unfortunately, while Iran has a good primary care system, low coverage of clinical breast examination and poor knowledge of women indicate that this system has not operated effective. Also due to the limited resources, the Pap smear test has not been applied to the majority of Iranian women. Despite the high basic health insurance coverage in Iran, it does not cover diagnostic test and full treatment of cancers which intensified underutilization of cancer care. In conclusion, developing a national policy and guideline for full coverage of early diagnosis of BC or CC should be prioritized. In this regard, health insurance companies should be committed to including BC and CC screening and care for their basic service packages. The second strategy could be training skillful, responsible, and motivated health-care providers. They are able to decrease the stigmatized view of doing mammography. Survivorship care including follow-up care, posttreatment issues, and psychosocial support should also be considered.

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41

Shams, Mohsen, Leila Kianfard, Saadat Parhizkar, and Ali Mousavizadeh. "Women’s Views About Domestic Violence: A Qualitative Study in Iran." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 17-18 (May 15, 2017): 3666–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517704959.

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Violence against women is an urgent health priority in Iran. Designing effective programs for preventing and controlling the problem necessitates a thorough understanding of Iranian women and their perspectives regarding domestic violence. This study was aimed at exploring the domestic violence–related views of married women who were referred to health care facilities in Ahvaz, Iran. In this qualitative research, data were collected through four focus group discussions with 30 married women. All the discussions were recorded and transcribed, after which the data were classified separately. The main themes and subthemes were then manually derived from the data and analyzed. The five main themes identified were domestic violence against women in Ahvaz, behavioral influencing factors, nonbehavioral influencing factors, the necessity to empower women to prevent domestic violence, and recommendations for developing special training programs for Ahvazi women. Most of the participants were aware that domestic violence against women is a common occurrence in Iran. They were well aware of the definition of violence and expressed a belief that behavioral factors exert an important effect on the occurrence of the problem. They recommended the development of appropriate training programs that empower women to prevent the problem, the use of mass media to educate citizens about domestic violence, and the involvement of opinion leaders in eliminating the taboo against considering such violence a crime against Iranian women. Considering the views and ideas of women as consumers of educational services is a principle used to develop effective programs for preventing and controlling domestic violence. As indicated by the findings, the participants believe that empowering women must be treated as a priority in the Iranian health care system. However, they recommended differing approaches and methods of empowerment on the basis of their individual views and concerns.

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Rahmdel, Mansour. "Women and Iranian Criminal Justice System." Economics, Law and Policy 1, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v1n1p92.

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<em>To understand the predicament of women in Iran, it is necessary to look to both the religion and strong social and cultural forces, which shape their position in society. Islam is often held responsible for the inequitable and sometimes violent treatment of women in Iran. Considering the women situation before Islam, they have gained more rights after Islam. But, no doubt that the differences and strong social and cultural forces regarding women arise from Islam in the Iranian society. The justifications of these differences mainly is that before Islam the women had so little rights and even they were buried alive, but Islam has rescued them and given them some rights. While this view point in per se is completely un-right, but the point is that, it was 1400 years ago and in addition, why Islam has not completed the protection against all differences. The simple answer is that in that social situation it was impossible to convenience the men to accept the equality of men and women. Problems in attaining the full recognition and enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for women in Iranian criminal justice system are the main theme of the present article.</em>

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Shahid, Ayesha. "Post-Divorce Maintenance Rights for Muslim Women in Pakistan and Iran: Making the Case for Law Reform." Muslim World Journal of Human Rights 15, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 59–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mwjhr-2018-0004.

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AbstractProtecting women and children is one of the core values of the Islamic legal tradition. In Muslim countries religious, constitutional, and legal frameworks obligate the state to take special measures to provide protection to women and children within families and in society. However, despite such provisions, post-divorce maintenance rights are not granted to women in Pakistan and Iran. Family law enacted in Pakistan and Iran still differs in form and substance from what has been mentioned in the primary sources of Islamic law and from the previous articulations of early Islamic law scholars. Moreover, patriarchal notions of male authority are still sustained through law and judicial interpretations when it comes to the question of giving post-divorce maintenance to women. As a result in the absence of a welfare system divorced women are left in a vulnerable situation. Although in Iran, some financial compensation under the concept of Ujrat ul Misl (compensation for household chores) is given to divorced women, but it remains unclear whether the right to Mata’at-ul-Talaq (post-divorce maintenance) has been recognised under the family law. In Pakistan the law does not include any provision for giving women Ujrat ul Misl and Mata’at- ul -Talaq. Moreover in the absence of a welfare system, divorced Muslim women in both countries are left in a vulnerable situation. This article engages with plural normative sources and contemporary notions of human rights to make the case for family law reform and for awarding post-divorce maintenance rights to Muslim women in Pakistan and Iran.

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Rahpaymaelizehee, Shahnaz, Bahare Fallahi, and Razieh Jafari Kojouri. "THE NATIONAL POLICY OF IRAN TOWARD VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN / A POLÍTICA NACIONAL DO IRAN PARA A VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA AS MULHERES." Espaço Jurídico Journal of Law [EJJL] 16, no. 2 (August 28, 2015): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18593/ejjl.v16i2.6942.

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Abstract: Iran’s 20-year Economic, Social and Cultural Development Perspective started in 2005 and will continue to 2025. It has outlined developments in the field of society, economics, politics and culture for the next twenty years. Unfortunately, it is not an overreaching plan, particularly in the area of violence against women. Although the government has considered different strategies in this national plan to confront and reduce this problem, it is not enough and this problem is still prevalent, especially in the rural areas. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the policies of the long-term economic and socio-cultural perspective of Iran to determine whether the national plan could meet its objectives in the field of violence against women. The findings of this study shows a lack of information pertaining to women and girls, their legal rights as stated in the Constitution and, Civil Laws and, particularly, in Iran’s long term development plan, which lead to mental and physical vulnerability. The ignorance of women concerning their rights due to the neglect of the legislative, executive and judicial authorities, and related organizations, such as the Center for Women’s Participation and women’s NGOs, in educating the women about this vital issue.Keywords: Violence. Women. Policy. National Plan.

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Karandish, M., and M. Naghashpoo. "Calcium Intake Pattern among Postmenopausal Women in Ahwaz, Iran." Journal of Biological Sciences 10, no. 3 (March 15, 2010): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2010.251.254.

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Loeb, Laurence D. "Fathi, Asghar, ed., WOMEN AND THE FAMILY IN IRAN." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 20, no. 1 (March 1989): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.20.1.127.

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Jarahi, Lida, Majid Reza Erfanian, and Rahil Mahmoudi. "Knowledge about abortion law among young women in Iran." Health 06, no. 05 (2014): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2014.65054.

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Mousavi, S. A., and Parvin Paidar. "Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 3, no. 1 (March 1997): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3034415.

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Mojab, Shahrzad. "Women Political Prisoners in Iran: A Political Art Project." Journal of Prisoners on Prisons 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2006): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/jpp.v15i1.5348.

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Zakeri, Shirin. "Women Contribution to the Modern Political Space in Iran." EURAS Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2021): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ejoss.2021.023/ejoss_v02i1006.

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