Journal articles: 'Women in cyberspace'

1

Kramarae, Cheris, and Jana Kramer. "Legal snarls for women in cyberspace." Internet Research 5, no. 2 (June 1995): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249510094759.

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Elsadda, Hoda. "Arab Women Bloggers: The Emergence of Literary Counterpublics." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 3, no. 3 (2010): 312–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187398610x538678.

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AbstractCyberspace as a forum for expression, mobilization, dissent and the organization of alternative social and political networks has been a distinct feature of the new global order since the 1990s. Cyberspace as a forum for alternative expression is also making inroads in the Arabic literary establishment. In 2008, Dar al-Shorouq, an established privately-owned Egyptian publishing house, published three collections of short stories by three women bloggers, Ghada 'Abd al-'Aal, Rihab Bassam and Ghada Mohamed Mahmoud. In this article, I argue that cyberspace, particularly the noted proliferation of literary blogs and blogging among Arab youth, has created new literary public spheres, or 'competing counterpublics', that are breaking the monopoly of mainstream literary spaces and changing tastes. I also argue that cyberspace has been particularly conducive to the participation of women in the literary field, and pose questions about the implications of the emergence of cyber counterpublics on the Arab literary establishment and the canon of Arabic literature.

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Khannous, Touria. "Virtual Gender: Moroccan and Saudi Women’s Cyberspace." Hawwa 9, no. 3 (2011): 358–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920811x599121.

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Abstract This paper looks at how Arab Muslim feminists have deployed Facebook and blogging in recent years as a tool for networking with other feminists and forming different groups. It offers an analysis of the ways Muslim women in Morocco and Saudi Arabia converse online about issues of gender and Islam in the present globalized context. Their topics of discussion include their personal legal status, discourses on feminism, redefining gender roles, sexuality, and a range of other issues. Facebook and blogging allow these women to speak freely to one another and encourage them to form groups. These platforms are useful not only for coalescing around key social and political issues pertaining to women, but also for initiating social change. Women utilizing online social networking are using new forms of feminist discourse—and the technology to fuel such discourse—to promote change from within. What is also happening is a revolution in the way these women are approaching Islam. They are turning to Facebook and blogging not only to debate, discuss, and explain their religion to people who do not understand the concept of Islam, but also to learn about the rights of women elsewhere.

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Gillard, Patricia. "Nattering on the net. Women, power and cyberspace." Women's Studies International Forum 20, no. 2 (March 1997): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5395(97)82456-9.

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Gurak, Laura J. "Wired women: Gender and new realities in cyberspace." Computers and Composition 16, no. 1 (January 1999): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8755-4615(99)80014-0.

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Wongthawatchai, Nuankae. "Is Cyberspace a New Communicative Space for Women?" Gender, Technology and Development 4, no. 2 (January 2000): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2000.11909964.

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Headlam‐Wells, Jenny, Jane Craig, and Julian Gosland. "Encounters in social cyberspace: e‐mentoring for professional women." Women in Management Review 21, no. 6 (August 2006): 483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420610683471.

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Weinert, Clarann. "Social Support in Cyberspace for Women with Chronic Illness." Rehabilitation Nursing 25, no. 4 (July 8, 2000): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.2000.tb01887.x.

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9

Carroll, Marnie Enos. "Book Review: Women@Internet: Creating New Cultures in Cyberspace." Social Science Computer Review 19, no. 2 (May 2001): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089443930101900211.

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10

Missingham, Roxanne. "Cyberspace: no women need apply? Librarians and the Internet." Australian Library Journal 45, no. 2 (January 1996): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049670.1996.10755749.

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Amir-Ebrahimi, Masserat. "Transgression in Narration: The Lives of Iranian Women in Cyberspace." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 4, no. 3 (October 2008): 89–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/mew.2008.4.3.89.

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Wright, Michelle M. "Finding a Place in Cyberspace: Black Women, Technology, and Identity." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 26, no. 1 (2005): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fro.2005.0017.

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Wongthawatchai, Nuankae. "Review Article : Is Cyberspace a New Communicative Space for Women?" Gender, Technology and Development 4, no. 2 (July 2000): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097185240000400205.

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14

Zunic, Natalija, and Vida Vilic. "Internet and female victimization." Temida 21, no. 2 (2018): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1802229z.

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The subject of this paper is a gender analysis of female victimization in the cyberspace. Since the Internet appears as a global network, it gives a global dimension to the virtual space, connecting any two points on the planet through a cyberspace. From this dimension, the cyberspace is also perceived as a social space. Namely, the Internet and social networks provide a continuous and unlimited place for users? gathering and contact, indicating that, potentially, each user is a potential victim. When analyzing victimization in the cyberspace it is important to notice that anonymity encourages perpetrators and increases insecurity of the victim. Research findings indicate that sexist and misogynistic attitudes towards women on social networks result in their exclusion, marginalization and/or victimization on the internet. The feminist criticism also points out that not only matters whether something is considered to be legal or illegal behaviour, but that cyber victimization is a continuous manifestation of misogynistic attitudes that are part of the dominant gender and cultural ideologies. The aim of this paper is to present the basic phenomenological and etiological characteristics of gender dimensions of the use/misuse of information technologies and to show that virtual communication, according to its social consequences, is not gender neutral and that cyber violence has its own gender implications. The data indicates that in the digital world, the privacy of women is significantly compromised and associated with new and terrifying forms of on-line violence. Feminist researchers warn that ?the Internet is only the culture accelerator, to which we are all accustomed, and its name is the patriarchate.? From this cognitive perspective, victimization of women on social networks mainly depends on the level of the patriarchal ideology of gender in a society, the influence of the media and the protection of women? s rights. Women can experience various forms of violence and privacy violations on the social networks, such as hate speech, spreading lies, stalking, photo montage, creating of false user profiles, the continuation of family violence, threats and blackmail, etc. The main topics discussed in this paper relate to general approach to the phenomenon of cyberspace and cyber violence; various types of cyber violence; cultural context and gender dimension of on-line victimization; various forms of cyber violence against women; specific characteristics of female victimization in on-line communication and the perception of preventing female victimization on the Internet, in the context of spreading gender- sensitive social norms and values through legal standardization and socialization of women? s rights.

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15

Karimi, Sedigheh. "The Virtual Sphere and the Women’s Movement in Post-Reform Iran." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 05 (May 15, 2018): 20430–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/05/509.

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The rapid development of Internet and communication technologies raises the question of what role these media and communication interfaces play in social and political movements and development in individual countries. Although activities in cyberspace, including blogging, participation in social networks and other facilities provided by the Internet for its users are a new phenomenon, they have profound effects on social and political relations in the communities involved. In the information era, Internet is an important part of social movements in democratic societies and local communities. When the government blocks other ways to mobilization, Internet may bring like-minded people together and help them to find support for action. Internet has provided a new space for social movements and the effect of the virtual activities of the users on the actions and, often on the lack of social movements is of high importance. Meanwhile, the Iranian women’s movement, like other social movements in contemporary Iran, realizes the impact and position of cyberspace and has made use of it. Many activists, for whom other ways for expressing their demands have been blocked, have entered this space and taken advantage of it for expressing their opinions and communicating information to other people. In fact, the dominant socio-political forces and the atmosphere of repression, and fear have led many Iranian women to use the virtual space to campaign for women’s empowerment and equal rights. They have realized that the Internet may inform the outside world of the movement’s goals and activities and facilitate maintaining contact with other members of the movement. In fact, the open space that provides a platform for sharing information and has given the chance to the Iranian women’s rights activists to perform their activities in a space with a decentralized structure where there is less pressure than there is in the real world. Campaigns formed following the cyberspace market boom indicate that cyberspace has indeed ushered in a new era in the history of the Iranian women’s movement. The present study provides an analysis of the role of the Internet in the activities of the women’s movement and explores the extent to which cyberspace has been assisting the women’s movement in achieving its objectives. By interviewing 50 active women inside Iran, the article investigates whether there has been successful interaction between cyberspace and the Iranian women’s social movement resulting from a dynamic adaptation between functions of social and political groups in the real world and the virtual world. It also examines how factors such as social participation, increasing awareness, changing beliefs, traditional views of women and social mobility have been affected by the application of the Internet, and whether cyberspace has been able to make women’s voices heard in Iran’s patriarchal society.

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16

Jacobs, Leola. "Review & Booknote: Nattering on the Net: Women, Power and Cyberspace." Media International Australia 81, no. 1 (August 1996): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9608100140.

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17

Karimi, Sedigheh. "The State of Female Activities in Iran and the Internet." World Journal of Social Science Research 6, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v6n2p217.

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The rapid development of Internet and communication technologies raises the question of what role these media and communication interfaces play in social and political movements and development in individual countries. Although activities in cyberspace, including blogging, participation in social networks and other facilities provided by the Internet for its users are a new phenomenon, they have profound effects on social and political relations in the communities involved. In the information era, Internet is an important part of social movements in democratic societies and local communities. When the government blocks other ways to mobilization, Internet may bring like-minded people together and help them to find support for action. Internet has provided a new space for social movements and the effect of the virtual activities of the users on the actions and, often on the lack of social movements is of high importance.Meanwhile, the Iranian women’s movement, like other social movements in contemporary Iran, realizes the impact and position of cyberspace and has made use of it. Many activists, for whom other ways for expressing their demands have been blocked, have entered this space and taken advantage of it for expressing their opinions and communicating information to other people. In fact, the dominant socio-political forces and the atmosphere of repression, and fear have led many Iranian women to use the virtual space to campaign for women’s empowerment and equal rights. They have realized that the Internet may inform the outside world of the movement’s goals and activities and facilitate maintaining contact with other members of the movement. In fact, the open space that provides a platform for sharing information and has given the chance to the Iranian women’s rights activists to perform their activities in a space with a decentralized structure where there is less pressure than there is in the real world. Campaigns formed following the cyberspace market boom indicate that cyberspace has indeed ushered in a new era in the history of the Iranian women’s movement. The present study, covers the period from 2005 to 2017, provides an analysis of the role of the Internet in the activities of the women’s movement and explores the extent to which cyberspace has been assisting the women’s movement in achieving its objectives. By interviewing 50 active women inside Iran, the article investigates whether there has been successful interaction between cyberspace and the Iranian women’s social movement resulting from a dynamic adaptation between functions of social and political groups in the real world and the virtual world. It also examines how factors such as social participation, increasing awareness, changing beliefs, traditional views of women and social mobility have been affected by the application of the Internet, and whether cyberspace has been able to make women’s voices heard in Iran’s patriarchal society.

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18

Ferdina, Verlin. "Penegakkan Hukum Terhadap Pelecehan Seksual Melalui Teknologi Informasi (Cyber) Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang - Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik." Jurnal Panorama Hukum 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jph.v4i2.2732.

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Abstract The development of information and communication technology that is known as a global computer network or the internet has created a new world called the cyberspace, a world of computer-based communication that offers a new reality that is a virtual reality. With the development of increasingly sophisticated information and communication technologies, many benefits are gained from this development, but not only the positive impact that is felt by the progress of information and communication technology, there are also some negative impacts that arise due to the development of these technologies. One of the negative impacts is very worrying and is an urgency that must be followed up which is sexual harassment (cyber harassment), especially for women through the cyberspace/internet. Therefore this research journal is intended to further examine the law enforcement against sexual harassment according to the Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2008 Concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Keywords: sexual harrasment, cyberspace, Law no. 11 of 2008

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19

Vilic, Vida. "Revenge porn as a form of cyber misogyny." Temida 22, no. 1 (2019): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1901059v.

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Among many forms of abuse of privacy in the cyberspace and social media networks, particular attention is given to the so-called cyber misogyny. It refers to the existence of deeply rooted prejudices against women and encompasses various forms of gender- based hatred, harassment and violence against women that occur in a virtual (cyber) space. The subject of this paper is an analysis of emerging forms of cyber misogyny, particularly focusing on one of its most widespread forms: revenge porn. Through revenge porn in the cyberspace, misogyny can be manifested through publishing someone?s intimate photos, that is, photos of their intimate private life or sexually explicit photos and videos. In all these cases, publications in cyberspace or social media occur without the knowledge, willingness or consent of the photographed person. The purpose behind such activity is to shame and/or humiliate the victim by causing her pain and moral suffering for reasons of revenge. The anonymity of the victim is not preserved; on the contrary, her identity and other relevant data are listed in order to identify and make the victim more visible. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to point out to the seriousness of this phenomenon that occurs in the cyberspace, which presents violation of privacy and causes difficult consequences for the victim. Furthermore, the aim is to investigate the possibilities of criminalization and protection of the (mostly female) victims of this criminal act. The main topics analysed in this paper include: a definition of cyber misogyny and revenge porn, an explanation of the most common forms of its manifestation, existing forms of protection, and criminalization of revenge porn worldwide and in the Republic of Serbia.

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20

Rubinoff, Donna D. "Life histories in cyberspace: life writing as a development tool for rural women." Geoforum 36, no. 1 (January 2005): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2004.03.009.

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21

Watson, Wendy, and Charlie Stelle. "Love in Cyberspace: Self Presentation and Partner Seeking in Online Dating Advertisements of Older Adults." Journal of Family Issues 42, no. 10 (January 10, 2021): 2438–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x20982024.

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This qualitative content analysis of a systematically selected sample of 200 heterosexual adults aged 60+ years examined older adults’ self-presentation in online dating ads and what they sought in a partner. Online dating ads were examined from one site for adults of all ages ( match.com ) and a site specifically geared to older adults (ourtime.com). Results showed that aspects of self that are presented for men and women, although in different order of importance, included one’s status, enjoying leisure activities and being fun-loving, kind/compassionate, and being friend and family focused. Men and women were interested in a companion and someone fun-loving and kind/compassionate. Additionally, women sought a partner who was honest and would do leisure activities with them. Men sought women who were physically attractive and would provide emotional support. The discussion focuses on gender differences and how the act of self-presentation is central in the narratives of dating ads for older adults.

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22

Burns, Kate. "BOOK REVIEW: Lynn Cherny and Elizabeth Reba Weise. WIRED WOMEN: GENDER AND NEW REALITIES IN CYBERSPACE. Seattle: Seal Press, 1996. Dale Spender. and NATTERING ON THE NET: WOMEN, POWER, AND CYBERSPACE." NWSA Journal 9, no. 2 (July 1997): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/nws.1997.9.2.195.

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23

Liu, Monica. "Devoted, Caring, and Home loving: A Chinese Portrayal of Western Masculinity in Transnational Cyberspace Romance." Men and Masculinities 22, no. 2 (April 26, 2017): 317–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x17704240.

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Discussions of cross-border marriages between women from developing countries and men from economically advanced countries often focus on the objectification of women, while the process through which men are presented as “marriageable entities” is rarely examined. In this article, I explore the case of China, where middle-aged, divorced women are seeking second-chance marriages with Western men via international cyber-dating agencies. Contrary to the stereotypical portrayal of Western men as rich and powerful in the Chinese media, many of the Western men enrolled at the cyber-dating agencies I am studying earn a modest income. I analyze the agencies’ portrayal of their Western male clients as caring, family oriented, and worthy of marrying despite their lack of wealth. Results from this article show that masculinity is fluid, malleable, and continuously being reconstructed in accordance with the changing demographic and socioeconomic patterns of the globalizing world.

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Tye, Diane. "On Their Own." Ethnologies 27, no. 2 (February 23, 2007): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014047ar.

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This article explores the tension between women’s efforts to find time for themselves and traditional culture’s strong directives against women spending any time alone. Drawing on twenty-one contemporary legends from the Snopes website (http://www.snopes.com) that feature solitary female protagonists, it argues that the narratives demonstrate a gendered contestation of public space. Set in cars, hotels, shopping malls and in cyberspace, locations that sociologist Marc Augé (1995) describes as “non-places,” these legends warn of the dangers that await women if they venture into the world alone. In addressing the question of where women belong, the texts speak of female challenges to male domination of public spaces at the same time they reveal powerful male defenses.

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Ahmad Termimi, Muhamad Asyraf, Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele, Khairul Azhar Meerangani, Syamsul Azizul Marinsah, and Mohd Anuar Ramli. "Women's Involvement in Cybercrime: A Premilinary Study." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES 3, no. 3 (December 25, 2015): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jah.v3i2.5139.

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Cyber crimes is a new millennium threat to society nowadays which brings by developments of technology and information. Various forms of cyber crimes exist either theft and fraud involving money and property or safety threat involving contamination of dignity. Therefore, this study will identify cyber crimes related to women in Malaysia for cases of theft and fraud of money and property through cyberspace. Cyber crimes will be identified and classified according to cases that often occurred in Malaysia and legal protection provided to the victim. The results showed lack of awareness about cyber security transactions and the provision of existing law that exists for cyber crime cause women to be victims of cyber crime.

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Crochunis, Thomas, and Michael Eberle-Sinatra. "Putting Plays (And More) In Cyberspace: An Overview of the British Women Playwrights around 1800 Project." European Romantic Review 14, no. 1 (January 2003): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10509580303680.

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27

Gupta, Asha. "Towards Participatory Democracy: Can Digitalisation Help Women in India?" Indian Journal of Public Administration 65, no. 4 (December 2019): 897–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119881842.

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Digitalisation has changed the very way we live, work and think. Today we live in a world where the ‘virtual’ has drastically and rapidly overtaken the ‘real’ and governmental controls. It has weakened territorial, racial, religious and other identities. We are living in a world where global forces are simultaneously binding and tearing us apart. Earlier people connected with others at the familial, work and community levels, but with the advent of globalisation and technological innovations, we find cyberspace replacing the places of conviviality with ‘virtual’ communities. The article seeks to explore the emerging trends in digitalisation of democracy in the wake of paradigm shift from representative to participatory democracy in general and explore the prospects of women’s political participation in India. India happens to be the second most populous country, biggest democracy and largest market for social networking. It also seeks to explore the reasons for low access to political space by women in India despite being one of the five telecom giants worldwide and argues how women can use the in-between space provided by digital technologies for deconstructing prevailing authoritarianism in a patriarchal society and consumerism rampant in their cultural environment. The methodology adopted is analytical, comparative and empirical.

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Tignor, Robert L. "Can a New Generation Bring about Regime Change?" International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, no. 3 (July 26, 2011): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743811000432.

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Peaceful protests and demonstrations have swept through the Arab world, toppling rulers and advancing programs of radical change. Some enthusiasts for these movements have already proclaimed them a revolution. They predict a new Middle Eastern political and economic order. A new generation of young people—men and women, mainly in their twenties and thirties, using their skills in cyberspace communication and fueled by many frustrations—assembled vast numbers in peaceful protests that have thus far claimed many triumphs. They forced the departures of the long-standing dictators of Egypt and Tunisia and have demanded that the monarchs of Jordan, Morocco, and Bahrain reign rather than rule.

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Hanash Martínez, Macarena. "Feminist Cyber-resistance to Digital Violence: Surviving Gamergate." Debats. Revista de cultura, poder i societat 5 (December 30, 2020): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.28939/iam.debats-en.2020-17.

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Women in cyberspace do not escape patriarchal violence and are subject to strict social control exercised through technological means. Cyber-violence especially affects women with an explicitly feminist presence in virtual spaces. Their participation in and advocacy of feminist values are considered a transgression of the patriarchal mandate, which seeks to exclude women from public spaces or, failing that, to marginalise them. That is why they are the targets of grave intimidation, harassment and threats. At the same time, digital networks have spawned a plethora of spaces for women’s collective, political and social action. Thus, online activity has played a key role in the resurgence and revitalisation of feminist communities and debates. This paper analyses the projects launched by Zoë Quinn and Anita Sarkeesian, two of the main targets of the Gamergate movement. We will study: (1) Crash Override and Speak Up & Stay Safe(r), a helpline and a resource platform for cyber-violence victims, respectively; (2) feminist cyber-resistance projects, within the framework of cyber-feminism and the current paradigm shift in the culture of protest and feminist organisation.

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Eslami, Zohreh R., Nasser Jabbari, and Li-Jen Kuo. "Compliment Response Behaviour on Facebook: A Study with Iranian Facebook Users." International Review of Pragmatics 7, no. 2 (2015): 244–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00702005.

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Although the literature on compliments and compliment responses is abundant, very few studies have examined complimenting behaviour and the influence of gender on complimenting behaviour in Persian language. More scarce is the number of studies that investigated speech act behaviour of Persian speakers in cyberspace in general and in social networking sites such as Facebook in particular. This research on Iranian Facebook (FB) users’ complimenting response behaviour was carried out in order to broaden the scope of studies in pragmatics to include non-Western languages and to extend the scope of speech act studies to cyberspace. The study probed into Iranian FB users’ compliment response behaviour in same-gender and cross-gender interactions. The current research also sought to explore the extent to which compliment response behaviour on Facebook resembles its counterpart in face-to-face interactions. The findings revealed that online medium of communication and technological affordances on Facebook have brought new norms of communication into existence. The findings also suggested that some emerging sociocultural factors such as cyber-feminism might have impacted the participants’ preferences for more egalitarian patterns of language use when responding to compliments from an opposite gender. More importantly, the findings showed how marginalized groups such as women in Iran benefit from virtual spaces such as FB to assert a linguistic identity of self that is not easily possible to share publically in real life settings.

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Ghorashi, Halleh, and Nayereh Tavakoli. "Paradoxes of transnational space and local activism." Focaal 2006, no. 47 (June 1, 2006): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/092012906780646497.

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The Iranian revolution of 1979 promised to bring freedom and equality, but as soon as one group gained power, it turned out to be oppressive of both its political opposition and women. This resulted in the formation of a large Iranian diaspora bound together by its hatred for the Iranian regime. Years of suppression in the 1980s in Iran resulted in a deep gap between Iranians living inside and outside Iran. During the 1990s, however, cross-border relationships started to change as a result of two major factors: transnational activities and the influence of cyberspace. This paper focuses on the paradoxes of transnational connections in local protest with a focus on the women’s movement. We show both how transnational links have empowered women activists in Iran and how they have led to new dangers at the local level. We also reveal how support from the Iranian diaspora can be patronizing as well as supportive.

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Widya Ramailis, Neri. "CYBER CRIME DAN POTENSI MUNCULNYA VIKTIMISASI PEREMPUAN DI ERA TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI 4.0." SISI LAIN REALITA 5, no. 01 (June 15, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sisilainrealita.2020.vol5(01).6381.

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The phenomenon of the industrial revolution 4.0 has had many influences, both positive and negative for society. It is undeniable that slowly everything has turned to digital. So that the interaction between humans and technology is inevitable. Such developments make digitization even more difficult to recognize, because everything is now integrated, everything now requires the internet. The opportunities for cyber criminals are getting wider, various kinds of cyber threats continue to emerge and this is a challenge for users. So many crimes that occur today in cyberspace or what is known as cyber crime, especially affect women. There are cases of illegal content (illegal content), violations of privacy (infringement of privacy), threats of private photo or video distribution (malicious distribution), online defamation, to online recruitment (online recruitment). The high number of online-based gender violence, especially for women, seems to open our eyes to always wisely use internet technology in carrying out activities and routines of daily life.

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Sugiyanto, Okamaisya. "Perempuan dan Revenge Porn: Konstruksi Sosial Terhadap Perempuan Indonesia dari Preskpektif Viktimologi." Jurnal Wanita dan Keluarga 2, no. 1 (July 26, 2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jwk.2240.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan salah satu Kasus Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online (KBGO) yaitu revenge porn dengan melihat 3 aspek. Antara lain bagaimana peranan perempuan sebagai korban dalam terjadinya revenge porn, penyebab kriminalisasi korban dan upaya perlindungan terhadap korban. Pandemi Covid-19 memaksa orang-orang untuk tinggal di dunia maya. Peningkatan jumlah penggunaan teknologi internet tersebut selaras dengan peningkatan kasus Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online (KBGO). Komnas Perempuan mencatat terdapat 97 kasus kekerasan di dunia maya dimana 33% diantata kategori revenge porn. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data studi dokumentasi. Peneleti menggunakan teori viktimologi dan konstruksi sosial guna mengkaji permasalan yang ada. Ditinjau dari prespektif viktimologi perempuan dalam kasus revenge porn termasuk dalam latent victim. Selain itu tak jarang perempuan dalam kasus revenge porn kerap terkriminalisasi yang disebabkan oleh budaya patriarki yang mengakar kuat dalam masyarakat. Payung hukum yang ada pun juga tak jarang menyebabkan korban terkriminalisasi sehingga dibutuhkan payung hukum baru yang mampu melindungi korban. ===== This study aims to describe one of the cases of online gender based violence (KBGO), namely revenge porn by looking at 3 aspects. Among other things, how is the role of women as victims in the occurrence of revenge porn, the causes of criminalization of victims and efforts to protect victims. The Covid-19 pandemic is forcing people to live in cyberspace. The increase in the use of internet technology is in line with the increase in cases of Online Gender Based Violence (KBGO). Komnas Perempuan noted that there were 97 cases of violence in cyberspace, of which 33% belonged to the revenge porn category. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques of documentation studies. The researcher uses the theory of victimology and social construction to examine the existing problems. From the perspective of victimization, women in the case of revenge porn are included in the latent victim. In addition, it is not uncommon for women in revenge porn cases to be criminalized due to the patriarchal culture that is deeply rooted in society. The existing legal regulation also often causes victims to be criminalized so that a new legal regulation is needed that is able to protect victims.

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Museus, Samuel D., and Kimberly A. Truong. "Racism and Sexism in Cyberspace: Engaging Stereotypes of Asian American Women and Men to Facilitate Student Learning and Development." About Campus 18, no. 4 (September 2013): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abc.21126.

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Noumeur, Meriem Narimane. "Online self-presentation of Malaysian women: a Facebook case study of university students." Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia 21, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jpmm.vol21no1.2.

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Social networking websites play an important role in our lives. These websites provide several services that allow users to enjoy their time in cyberspace by providing them space to represent their personalities in the virtual world. Using Goffman’s dramaturgical theory, this study aims to identify the way Malaysian women represent themselves, by depicting and managing their virtual identities through Facebook while exploring the way they construct their identities and realize their online presence. A convenience sampling survey was used to collect data through Facebook. A total of 133 female students from a Malaysian university were involved in the study on their self-representations (online and offline); highlighting the way they presented their identities online and suggesting whether their offline influenced the virtual identities. It also explored the relationship between offline and online self-representation among the students. The findings showed a changing self-representation of the Malaysian women based on their utilization of the different Facebook services. The concept of “I” and “you” on the front and backstage is invoked as a theoretical form to understand how representation is made among the close and distant others. The findings showed a significant effect of the offline feelings on the Online self-representation and revealed a strong relationship between the offline and online presence. It indicated the difficulty of separation between virtual and real identity.

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Heydari, Zeynab, Golbahar Akhondzadeh, and Hamid Hojati. "The Effect of Education Through Cyberspace on Breastfeeding Efficacy of Primiparous Women in Shahroud in 2018: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care 27, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/ajnmc.27.5.315.

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Sikevich, Z. V., and A. A. Fedorova. "Ethnocultural factors in virtual and “real” gender stereotypes." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 26, no. 3 (December 16, 2020): 182–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2020-26-3-182-199.

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The article presents a comparative study on collective perceptions in gender attitudes and marriage strategies approved by the representatives of the Russian ethnic group. The empirical basis for comparison combines obtrusive and unobtrusive methods. In 2014– 2015 we conducted a questionnaire survey among Russian residents of St. Petersburg (the sample was quoted by sex and age, it included 503 participants). Later, in 2017–2019, we performed a non-reactive analysis on the Russian communities in VKontakte network (sample was divided by value orientations, the total number of individual users included 1.051 million people). Big data analytics services, digital Ethnography methods and projective techniques helped us to answer the following questions: – What features does a “just Russian woman” and a “just Russian man” have in the collective consciousness? – What are the structural differences in these perceptions? – How are gender and marriage stereotypes manifested in the “real world” and in cyberspace? Thus, we obtained the conclusion that gendered patterns in both studies changed much more slowly than the models of the marital relationship. In both studies, the content of Russian women portrait was more detailed than the image of a Russian man. Russian social media users have demonstrated a commitment to the Patriarchal model, which was less evident in the questionnaire. In addition, the high level of radicalism and obvious religious values were the reason why women were more consistent with gender and marriage attitudes in the virtual environment.

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Ali, S. S. "Cyberspace as Emerging Muslim Discursive Space? Online Fatawa On Women and Gender Relations and its Impact on Muslim Family Law Norms." International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 338–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/ebq008.

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Fatimah, Eva, and Imas Istiani. "Cinderella Syndrome of Working Women in Cyber Literature." E-Structural 3, no. 02 (January 30, 2021): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/es.v3i02.4338.

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Abstract. Cyber literature has been academically recognized in literary studies through multiple research studies. Cyber literature is manifested in various cyberspace, both maintained individually and professionally. Writing platforms on the internet, such as Wattpad, have been widely used. They provide space for writers and engage readers to create online writing communities. One of the most popular genres found in cyber literature is romance chick-lit, in which most main characters are working women. Although most protagonists are working women who are financially independent, they still search for men who have higher positions, social levels, and financial stability. They wish that such men will find and save them, referred to by Colette Dowling as Cinderella complex. The study investigates the Cinderella complex's indications on female protagonists in two Wattpad chick lit works: 1) Furious Boss & Naughty Secretary, and 2) Ex-lovers but Married. The indications of Cinderella Complex were shown through 1) the wish to be saved, 2) the girl-child lives on, 3) the achievement gap, 4) the intimations of helplessness, and 5) the blind devotion.Keywords: Cinderella complex; cyber literature, WattpadAbstrak. Sastra cyber sudah diperhitungkan sebagai bagian dari studi sastra secara akademik melalui berbagai penelitian yang sudah dilakukan. Sastra cyber terwujud di dalam berbagai ruang cyber, baik itu dijalankan secara individual maupun profesional. Platform menulis pada internet seperti Wattpad sudah marak digunakan sebagai tempat berkarya bagi penulis serta menarik perhatian pembaca untuk menciptkana suatu komunitas menulis secara online. Salah satu genre populer pada sastra cyber adalah chicklit romantis yang mana karakter utamanya adalah wanita pekerja. Meskipun protagonis wanita merupakan wanita pekerja yang independen secara finansial, mereka masih mengharapkan pasangan yang berada di posisi, tingkat sosial dan kestabilan finansial yang lebih besar dari mereka. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mencari indikasi adanya Cinderella complex pada karakter protagonis perempuan melalui dua karya chicklit di Wattpad, yaitu: 1) Furious Boss & Naughty Secretary, dan 2) Mantan Tapi Menikah. Indikasi Cinderella complex yang ditemukan adalah 1) keinginan untuk diselamatkan, 2) gadis-kecil yang hidup di dalam diri, 3) kesenjangan prestasi, 4) tanda ketidakmampuan, dan 5) kepatuhan yang buta.Kata kunci: Cinderella complex; sastra cyber, Wattpad

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Mullany, Louise. "‘Become the man that women desire’: gender identities and dominant discourses in email advertising language." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 13, no. 4 (November 2004): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947004046277.

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Haraway (1985, 1991) presents a futuristic, utopian vision of a gender-free space as the distinction between human and machine becomes indistinct in the age of global technologization. This article explores how such an idealized perspective corresponds with the current reality of gender identity in cyberspace. The fluidity of gender identities is examined by conducting a linguistic analysis of the strategies advertisers use to address their targeted subjects via electronic mail (email). The option of gender neutrality is available within email as a user’s gender identity can be concealed by a non-gender specific user name, and data are analysed from a series of messages sent to a non-gender specific email account hosted by one of the world’s largest email service providers. While the fluidity of gender identity can be clearly observed, a quantitative analysis reveals that the targeted gender identity is one of heterosexual masculinity. Despite recent statistics that women now use the Internet just as frequently as men, disembodied advertisers can be viewed constructing fictional personae to entice male recipients to pay for heterosexual pornography or products to enhance male heterosexual performance. When female gender identity is invoked within these messages, women are viewed as passive and consumable (Mills, 1995). Therefore, instead of producing an environment where distinctions between genders are diminished as Haraway hoped, binary oppositions are intensified as the dominant gender discourses of femininity and masculinity are produced and reproduced through these messages.

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Safitri, Ririh Megah. "Menjadi Perempuan Tambak Lorok: Konstruksi Gaya Hidup Perempuan Muslim Pesisir." JSW: Jurnal Sosiologi Walisongo 2, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jsw.2018.2.2.2731.

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Identity and existence become a crucial issue lately, both in the factual context even cyberspace (cyber society). In this context lifestyle construction is the main issue to analysis the coastal Muslim women's identity. The study of the lifestyle construction of coastal Muslim women uses qualitative methodologies to obtain a comprehensive meaning regarding lifestyle. There are several influential factors in the process of forming individual lifestyles. The first one is the cultural, social and religious background that has been internalized in each individual through cultural values and social norms. The second factor is the environment where individuals live and socialize with the other society. In this context, the physical elements which include geographical, topographic and climate appearance are the main influences on the construction of individual lifestyles related to the adaptation process. Another influential factor is the media that the content is a lifestyle preference. Based on these factors, this study will focus on three points, there is the perception of coastal women on lifestyle, factors that influence the process of lifestyle construction and the meaning of coastal Muslim women’s lifestyle. There are three conclusions in this study regarding the hidden goals in consumption activities refer to saving material, representation of social status through lifestyle and indicators of self-existence.

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Wang Yunxian. "Book Review : Dale Spender, Nattering on the Net: Women, Power and Cyberspace, Spinifex Press, Australia, and Garamond Press, Toronto, 1995. 278 pages." Gender, Technology and Development 1, no. 2 (July 1997): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097185249700100207.

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Picton, Claire. "Book Reviews : Nattering on the net: women, power and cyberspace Dale Spender Spinifex, Melbourne, Australia, ISBN 1 875559 09 4. 1996, £16.50, pp. 278." Health Informatics 2, no. 4 (October 1996): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146045829600200415.

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Bury, Rhiannon. "Wendy Harcourt (ed), women@internet: Creating New Cultures in Cyberspace (London and New York: Zed Books, 1999), 240 pp. ISBN 1 85649 572 8." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 5, no. 3 (September 1999): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135485659900500310.

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SantAna Honorato, Eduardo Jorge, Larissa Gabriela Lins Neves, Sônia Maria Lemos, Tirza Almeida Da Silva, and Daniel Cerdeira De Souza. "Digital Observation: An Analysis of Patriarchal Comments in the Web." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss10.1766.

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Through the journey of the plurality of feminisms, we find ourselves today in the fourth wave, in which cyberactivism predominates, with feminist articulations going through the street/network axis. Thus, we sought to consolidate the arguments in defense of feminism from the analysis of the opposite reactions found online. The locus was the cyberspace itself, where comments were found in web news posts that contained controversial contents linked to themes worked out by feminism in their plurality. The qualitative approach was defined based on non-participant systematic observation and content analysis. Nine categories were extracted, including blaming the victim of violence, discrediting female accusations of violence, stigma of prostitution, social concept of Marianism, objectification of the female body, myth of female hysteria, myth of maternal love, sexual and reproductive rights, demerit the relevance of female representativeness, among other subjects. It has been found that chauvinism and misogyny are social reproductions engendered regardless of gender; whereas the demands on female behavior are mostly associated with an accusatory tone, with responsibilities reversed; that there is still the view that women do not have emancipatory capacity to achieve their successes and that, thus, they must take hold of what man has achieved from his privileges; that sexist attitudes are detrimental to society as a whole and not only to women and; Thus, most of society still does not understand the relevance of female representativeness in the various spaces.

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Manasikana, Rinta Arina, and Ratna Noviani. "Peran Media Massa dan Teknologi dalam Transformasi Keintiman di Indonesia." Calathu: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 3, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37715/calathu.v3i1.1895.

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This research aimed to identify how the current development in technology and mass media is affecting the form and the way people fulfill intimacy in Indonesia by using Anthony Giddens' concept of intimacy transformation. In his book The Transformation of Intimacy Sexuality, Love, and Eroticism in Modern Societies (1992), Giddens stated that there are changes in intimacy relations in society from time to time which are influenced by the pace of modernity. This research showed that there are influences from mass media and technology in changing concept of intimacy and how to fulfill it in society, where previously only recognizing the concept of matchmaking and marriage as way to fulfill it, are now beginning to shift in other ways, such as the use of matchmaking columns in mass media, online dating applications, to the internet and games. However, patriarchal culture is something that still limits change with all existing stereotypes and rules, especially for women. This reflected in the negative stigma of their active role and the potential for sexual harassment in cyberspace when fulfilling intimacy. Keywords: mass media, intimacy, transformation of intimacy, Anthony Giddens

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Mufida, Siti, and Mustolehudin. "NEW MEDIA DAN KONFLIK EKSTRIMIS PEREMPUAN INDONESIA." Jurnal Bimas Islam 13, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 345–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37302/jbi.v13i2.231.

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Abstrak Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak new media terhadap para perempuan yang aktif berselancar di dunia maya terutama dalam hal ideologi keagamaan yang mengarah pada pemikiran dan gerakan ekstrimis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur. Data diperoleh dari situs-situs online dan di analisis dengan analisis wacana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, new media memiliki pengaruh besar yang dapat merubah ideologi sekelompok perempuan dari inklusif menjadi ekslusif. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kelompok perempuan di Indonesia berhaluan ekstrim adalah karena adanya rasa ketidak-adilan, kebutuhan emosional, kemiskinan (faktor ekonomi), ketidakpuasan terhadap pemerintah, dan disebabkan ingin menegakkan khilafah. Ideologi yang dikembangkan oleh situs-situs berhaluan ekstrim adalah seputar narasi hijrah, jihad, khilafah, dan intoleransi. Kata Kunci: New Media, Perempuan, Ekslusif, Gerakan Ekstrimis __________________________ Abstract This paper aims to analyze the impact of new media on women who actively surf in cyberspace, especially in terms of religious ideology that leads to extremist thoughts and movements. This research uses literature study method. Data obtained from online sites and analyzed by discourse analysis. The results of the research show that new media has a major influence which can change the ideology of women's groups from inclusive to exclusive. Some of the factors that influence women's groups in Indonesia to take extreme positions are due to a sense of injustice, emotional needs, poverty (economic factors), dissatisfaction with the government, and wanting to establish a caliphate. The ideologies developed by sites with extreme tendencies revolve around the narrative of hijrah, jihad, khilafah, and intolerance. Keywords: New Media, Women, Exclusive, Extremist Movements

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Olagunju, Amos O. "Harmonizing the Interests of Free Speech, Obscenity, and Child Pornography in Cyberspace: The New Roles of Parents, Technology, and Legislation for Internet Safety." Scientific World JOURNAL 9 (2009): 1260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2009.147.

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Inadvertent access to website addresses and spam e-mails continue to make pornography rampant on the Internet in schools, homes, and libraries. Collectively, parents, teachers, and members of the community must become more aware of the risks and consequences of open access to the Internet, and the distinction between censorship and Internet access filtering. Parental involvement is crucial for raising children with healthy Internet habits to access social and educational materials. Although generations have coped with different times and trials, technology is ushering in new trials. Parents and communities cannot ignore the present and future technology ingrained into the lives of children. This paper contends that parents armed with legislation and technological security devices for access to the Internet ought to strengthen the character of online Internet safety. The discussion is focused on the roles that parents, communities, technology, and laws should play in order to protect children from obscene and pornographic threats from cyberspace. It is argued that the roles of education and technology should outweigh the legislative interventions of governments. A critique of significant litigations and laws on obscenity and pornography is presented. The paper offers a variety of security tools and techniques for protecting children from Internet access to obscene and pornographic materials. The impacts of pornographic materials on the welfare of children, adolescents, women, and families are discussed.

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Razali, Siti Salwani. "The Dominance Entry of the Principles of Ghārār in Electronic Contracts." Arab Law Quarterly 23, no. 2 (2009): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302509x415648.

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AbstractContracts feature in all areas of our daily lives. For example, without much thought, we become party to a variety of contracts when we travel by bus or rail, purchase goods, accept services, and carry out our duties in the workplace. Contracts are so prevalent that ordinary men or women in the street do not realize the legal complexities of the transactions into which they enter. The use of Internet as a medium of communication has widened the scope for contract formation. Sales and purchase activities are conducted online using contracts either drawn up through the Internet itself or outside cyberspace. Several areas of uncertainty will have a significant impact on electronic contracting under Islamic Shari'ah law. This is a fundamental issue, especially with regard to online contracts for which the contracting parties are not physically present. In fact, if certain fundamental issues regarding online contracts are not resolved, then the dominance entry of the principles of ghārār (uncertainty) will apply, making such contracts unfeasible under Islamic Shari'ah law. Therefore, this paper aims to review what is actually meant by ghārār and how it affects the enforceability of electronic contracts under Shari'ah law. It also suggests how ghārār can be reduced or even eliminated to achieve an acceptable degree of certainty, thus enabling the practice of online contracts, particularly according to the Shari'ah.

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Shaidukova, L. K., and E. L. Rashitova. "Clinical, gender and age aspects of the internet addiction." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 2 (April 13, 2020): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-193.

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Aim. To study clinical, gender, and age-related aspects of Internet addiction. Methods. The study includes 400 people related to computer technology, which was divided into 4 study groups by age and gender: 100 adolescents aged 14.10.6 years was in the first group, 100 professional computer engineers aged 30.64.2 years in the second group, 100 male students at the age of 22.33.6 years in the third group and 100 women students aged 22.13.1 years. Clinical-psychopathological and experimental psychological methods were used: interviewing, using a modified Internet Addiction Test (IAT) divided into three categories of questions by conditions. In the work, we used the data of a previous study with increasing of the sample and numbers of objectives. Results. A study of the clinical features of Internet addiction revealed the presence of Internet-related paranoiac reactions, which was most in the second group (52.29.8), most rare in the first group (8.31.7), and equally in the third and the fourth groups (24.44.3 and 32.16.4). For the study of gender differences in Internet addiction, were included in the third and fourth groups. 48.73.6% of all included respondents preferred virtual communication to real, 46.33.1% had signs of Internet dependence on being in cyberspace, 30.82.4% there were deviations in the psycho-emotional sphere. Male was more likely to experience severe impairment of working capacity and a decrease in energy potential (45.63.8). Communication in social networks turned out to be more relevant for women (60.38.7). The study of the age-related aspect of Internet addiction was performed in the first group. It was revealed the presence of computer games addiction in 16.32.4% adolescents, addiction to the virtual communication in 48.23.9% adolescents, web surfing addiction in 10.41.7% adolescents, mixed forms of Internet addiction in 26.72.9% respondents and also correlation of Internet addiction with the level of intelligence of the adolescents. Conclusion. A retrospective analysis of Internet addiction developmental dynamics showed alternation various forms of this addiction and the presence of age stages.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Women in cyberspace'

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