Journal articles: 'Women in Cuba'

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Meadows, Ruthie. "Experimental fusion (fusión), ritual batá, and gendered interventions." Popular Music History 15, no. 2-3 (March 4, 2024): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/pomh.24710.

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Cuba constitutes a site of immense importance for the history of jazz (and Latin jazz) in the United States, and attention to the contributions of Cuban women artists contributes to a broader understanding of the gendered histories of global jazz. This article explores women jazz artists in Cuba and its diaspora, excavating how women instrumentalists and vocalists have transformed the landscape of Cuban, Latin, and global jazz through groundbreaking and experimental performances. I attend to how the fusion-centered approaches of Cuban women unearth an emic orientation towards collaborative experimentalism that builds upon specific, local histories of jazz performance on the island. These performances draw upon histories of revolutionary-era musical experimentalism and fusion (fusión) that have emerged since the late 1960s and 1970s in Cuba and which repeatedly tie jazz experimentalism closely—though not categorically—to dance forms (both popular and ritual). Amid Cuba’s intensifying economic crises, I additionally engage how women regularly pursue careers—and, in an overwhelming number of cases, emigration—to Spain, Canada, the continental United States, Puerto Rico, and other international locales, in turn impacting local and translocal jazz scenes.

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Seidman, Sarah J. "Angela Davis in Cuba as Symbol and Subject." Radical History Review 2020, no. 136 (January 1, 2020): 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7857227.

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Abstract This essay examines how gender facilitated the encounters between Angela Y. Davis and the Cuban Revolution in the late 1960s and 1970s. Davis’s multifaceted identity as a black woman and communist shaped both her representation and reception in Cuba. Cubans supported Davis by participating in the global campaign for her freedom and welcoming her to the island several times, often with delegations from the Communist Party, beginning in 1969. The Cuban state propagated an iconography of Davis that cast her as a global signifier for both repression and international solidarity. Furthermore, at a transitional moment when Cuban leadership advocated institutionalization of the revolution, the Federation of Cuban Women provided highly visible opportunities for Davis to speak and be seen not afforded to men in the black liberation movement. Davis’s time in Cuba proved transformative and foundational in shaping her view of global liberation.

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PERTIERRA, ANNA CRISTINA. "En Casa: Women and Households in Post-Soviet Cuba." Journal of Latin American Studies 40, no. 4 (November 2008): 743–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x08004744.

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AbstractThis paper argues that the household has become a renewed space of significance for Cuban women in the post-Soviet period. It draws from existing scholarship and ethnographic fieldwork conducted with women in the city of Santiago de Cuba to discuss the effect of post-Soviet crisis and reform upon women's domestic practices, the management of domestic economies, and longstanding gender ideals that link women to the domestic sphere. Physical, economic and social factors leading to post-Soviet Cuban women's increased concentration upon the household are argued to be both the result of pre-existing social orientations towards households as a womanly space and a response to specific politico-economic shifts since the collapse of the Soviet Union.

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Cosse, Isabella. "“Children of the Revolution”." Radical History Review 2020, no. 136 (January 1, 2020): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7857368.

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Abstract This interview of Gregory Randall offers a lens onto a transnational life experience, including that of international refugees in Cuba. Randall was born in New York in 1960. He spent his early childhood in Mexico and arrived in Cuba in 1970, where he remained until the 1980s. In this interview, Randall reflects on Cuban policies toward women, homosexuality, and youth. He also analyzes his own family’s experience, characterized by a strong commitment to reflecting the Cuban Revolution in its own social relations and its ways of living and loving. The interview provides a unique perspective on these challenges and on Cuban history, shaped by Randall’s particular position in that historical process. Unmoored from national frameworks, his subjectivity is anchored in a transnational Left sensibility. He belongs to a generation of children of the revolution, part of Socialist Cuba as children and teenagers, and belonging to Left and internationalist families.

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Nardi, Rafaela Chacon, Georgina Herrera, Dulce Maria Loynaz, Nancy Morejon, Carilda Oliver Labra, Reina Maria Rodriguez, and Mira Yanez. "Women and Poetry in Cuba." Social Text, no. 15 (1986): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/466490.

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Cortez, Jayne. "Black Women Writers Visit Cuba." Black Scholar 16, no. 4 (July 1985): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00064246.1985.11414351.

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Casals, Marcelo. "“Chilean! Is This How You Want to See Your Daughter?”." Radical History Review 2020, no. 136 (January 1, 2020): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7857295.

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Abstract This article studies the impact that the Cuban Revolution had on conservative political actors in Chile during the 1964 presidential campaign. At that time, Cuba served as a dystopian example for anticommunist forces through the direct identification between the Cuban experience and the Chilean Left. They utilized a “language of family” to give meaning to their rejection of any possible establishment of socialism in Chile. In this sense, an eventual electoral victory of the Marxist Left was seen as an attack—as in Cuba—on the stability of the family, traditional gender roles, and even parental control of their daughters’ sexuality. These representations were widely distributed through an anticommunist propaganda campaign known as the “campaign of terror,” which forged transnational networks among local actors, the CIA, and conservative Brazilian women. This triple articulation of anticommunism, Cuba, and gender became a potent discourse in the Chilean electoral campaign.

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Díaz, Elena. "Women in Current Cuba: A Balance between Gains Made and Continuing Challenges." Humanity & Society 43, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160597618818207.

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In this analysis, it highlights some significant achievements of a diverse character in various areas of women participation in Cuba, but these successes should be assessed through the prism of continuing and stubborn persistence of traditional gender patterns with a specific focus on the female gender. The impact of traditional ideology is strong and its effects are unfavorable, but, on balance, a positive situation prevails. In short, the Cuban woman continues to develop her social participation with her full creative force allowing her to transform herself while striving for the continuance and further development of the achievements and values of her society.

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Pérez, Laure. "Nuevas figuras de la Revolución cubana: las mujeres en el Noticiero ICAIC Latinoamericano, 1960-1990." RIHC. Revista Internacional de Historia de la Comunicación 2, no. 15 (2020): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/rihc.2020.i15.04.

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This article studies women’s representation in the Noticiero ICAIC Latinoamericano, the Cuban Revolution’s newsreel, directed by Santiago Álvarez. It was shown every week between 1960 and 1990, covering aspects of international and national news. It became an important audiovisual tool to spread revolutionary ideas in Cuba. Thus, this article studies the Noticiero ICAIC referring to the concept of “political mediation”: it fulfilled a mediatory function, between Cuban leaders and the people, in the process of building a new society. In the concrete case of women, their representation centers around three protagonists, who also are three possible ways for them to participate in the revolutionary society: the worker, the sportswoman and the militianwoman. With these new feminine representations, the Noticiero ICAIC reflects and gives legitimacy to social and economic changes that can be observed in revolutionary Cuba, especially women’s participation in productive labor. It also contrasts with traditional representations of femininity, associated with the domestic sphere. This article studies these three feminine representations analyzing examples taken from the Noticiero ICAIC’s weekly editions, that can be short reports or editions enterely dedicated to women’s situations

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Mondeja, Brian A., Nadia M. Rodríguez, Orestes Blanco, Carmen Fernández, and Jørgen S. Jensen. "Mycoplasma genitalium infections in Cuba: surveillance of urogenital syndromes, 2014–2015." International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, no. 10 (May 10, 2018): 994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462418767186.

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Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen implicated in urethritis in men and several inflammatory reproductive tract syndromes in women. The prevalence of M. genitalium infections in Cuban patients with urogenital syndromes is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of M. genitalium infection in sexually-active Cuban men and women with urogenital syndromes as a part of aetiological surveillance of urogenital syndromes in Cuba. Samples from men and women with urogenital syndromes submitted to the Mycoplasma Reference Laboratory for mycoplasma diagnosis from 1 January 2014 to 1 June 2015 were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of M. genitalium. A total of 971 samples were received and processed. Of the patients tested, 5.7% (47/824) of women and 27.9% (41/147) of men were positive for M. genitalium. This paper presents the largest study of M. genitalium infections among Cuban patients with urogenital syndromes and is Cuba’s first M. genitalium survey. We suggest that M. genitalium should be considered in the Cuban sexually transmitted infection management protocols as an important pathogen, particularly in men.

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Cespedes, Karina L. "Beyond Freedom's Reach: An Imperfect Centering of Women and Children Caught within Cuba's Long Emancipation and the Afterlife of Slavery." International Labor and Working-Class History 96 (2019): 122–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547919000231.

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AbstractThis article examines Cuba's long process of gradual emancipation (from 1868–1886) and the continual states of bondage that categorize the afterlife of Cuban slavery. The article addresses deferred freedom, re-enslavement, and maintenance of legal states of bondage in the midst of “freedom.” It contends with the legacy of the casta system, the contradictions within the Moret Law of 1870, which “half-freed” children but not their mothers, and it analyzes the struggle for full emancipation after US occupation, with the thwarted attempt of forming the Partido Independiente de Color to enfranchise populations of color. The article argues that the desire to control the labor of racialized populations, and in particular the labor of black and indigenous women and children, unified Cuban and US slaveholders determined to detain emancipation; and provides an analysis of the re-enslavement of US free people of color at the end of the nineteenth century, kidnapped and brought to the Cuba as a method of bolstering slavery. The article draws on the scholarship of Saidiya Hartman and Shona Jackson to provide an assessment of the afterlife of Cuban slavery, the invisibility of indigenous labor, the hypervisibility of African labor in the Caribbean deployed to maintain white supremacy, and it critiques the humanizing narrative of labor as a means for freedom in order to address the ways in which, for racialized populations in Cuba, wage labor would emerge as a tool of oppression. The article raises an inquiry into the historiography on Cuban slavery to provide a critique of the invisibility of indigenous and African women and children. It also considers the role and place of sexual exchanges/prostitution utilized to obtain freedom and to finance self-manumission, alongside the powerful narratives of the social and sexual deviancy of black women that circulated within nineteenth-century Cuba.

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Stubbs, Jean. "Through the looking glass on Cuba." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2006): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002489.

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[First paragraph]State Resistance to Globalisation in Cuba. Antonio Carmona Báez. Sterling VA: Pluto Press, 2004. vii + 264 pp. (Paper US$ 29.95)La Lucha for Cuba: Religion and Politics on the Streets of Miami. Miguel A. de la Torre. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. xi + 181 pp. (Paper US$ 21.95)By Heart/De Memoria: Cuban Women’s Journeys in and out of Exile. María de los Angeles Torres (ed.). Philadelphia PA: Temple University Press, 2003. vii + 192 pp. (Paper US$ 19.95)Looking at Cuba: Essays on Culture and Civil Society. Rafael Hernández. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003. vii + 145 pp. (Cloth US$ 24.95)In the politically charged world of scholarship on Cuba, it is salutary to comment in one review essay on four quite different volumes, each complementing the others. Three are single-authored, two on island Cuba (by Antonio Carmona Báez and Rafael Hernández) and one on Miami (by Miguel A. de la Torre). All three draw on theory and concepts and are male-authored and place-centric (Cuba/Miami). The fourth (by María de los Angeles Torres) is an edited collection of the personal testimonies of women seeking a place in between the hardened politics of Cuba and Miami.

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Stubbs, Jean. "Through the looking glass on Cuba." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2008): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002489.

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[First paragraph]State Resistance to Globalisation in Cuba. Antonio Carmona Báez. Sterling VA: Pluto Press, 2004. vii + 264 pp. (Paper US$ 29.95)La Lucha for Cuba: Religion and Politics on the Streets of Miami. Miguel A. de la Torre. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. xi + 181 pp. (Paper US$ 21.95)By Heart/De Memoria: Cuban Women’s Journeys in and out of Exile. María de los Angeles Torres (ed.). Philadelphia PA: Temple University Press, 2003. vii + 192 pp. (Paper US$ 19.95)Looking at Cuba: Essays on Culture and Civil Society. Rafael Hernández. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003. vii + 145 pp. (Cloth US$ 24.95)In the politically charged world of scholarship on Cuba, it is salutary to comment in one review essay on four quite different volumes, each complementing the others. Three are single-authored, two on island Cuba (by Antonio Carmona Báez and Rafael Hernández) and one on Miami (by Miguel A. de la Torre). All three draw on theory and concepts and are male-authored and place-centric (Cuba/Miami). The fourth (by María de los Angeles Torres) is an edited collection of the personal testimonies of women seeking a place in between the hardened politics of Cuba and Miami.

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Salim Lamrani and Translated by Larry R. Oberg. "Women in Cuba: The Emancipatory Revolution." International Journal of Cuban Studies 8, no. 1 (2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/intejcubastud.8.1.0109.

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Gordon-Nesbitt, Rebecca. "Her Revolution, Her Life." Monthly Review 68, no. 7 (December 6, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-068-07-2016-11_6.

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Margaret Randall, Haydée Santamaría, Cuban Revolutionary: She Led by Transgression (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015), 248 pages, $23.95, paperback.In the early 1950s, Haydée Santamaría Cuadrado moved from a rural Cuban sugar plantation to Havana, to live with her younger brother Abel. Together, they would help to establish a revolutionary movement that would change the history of their country. Haydée, as she is known throughout Cuba—Yeyé to her friends—was one of only two women among 160 men who took part in attacks on Batista's army barracks at Moncada and Bayamo on July 26, 1953, which sparked the Cuban Revolution.… In her recent book, poet and scholar Margaret Randall, who lived in Cuba in the 1970s and became friends with Haydée, has captured the essence of this exemplary woman.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

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VÁZQUEZ, VANESSA, ANA M. CAMARGO, MARLEN ACOSTA, VERÓNICA ALONSO, and FRANCISCO LUNA. "REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN OF CUBAN WOMEN LIVING IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PLAZA DE LA REVOLUCIÓN, HAVANA, CUBA." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 4 (August 13, 2014): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000327.

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SummaryThis paper assesses the reproductive and abortion patterns of women living in Plaza de la Revolución, a municipality of Havana, Cuba, by studying the factors influencing birth and abortion rates. Socio-demographic data and female reproductive histories were collected in a survey of 1200 post-menopausal women living in the municipality. Average ages at menarche and at menopause were 12.71 and 48.39 years, respectively, thus yielding a potential long reproductive period of 35.68 years, indicating high fertility. Although the mean pregnancy rate was 3.81 pregnancies per woman, the live birth rate at time of delivery was only 1.89 due to the high rate of abortions: 40% of all pregnancies were voluntarily interrupted. Among the biological and socio-cultural variables that were found to influence the rate of live births were those related marriage pattern, especially age at first union. Demographic variables such as pregnancy order, maternal age and marital status were the main determinants of the abortion pattern, with abortion being used as a method of birth control in order to obtain the desired family size, and most women (75.2%) using contraceptives.

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Bayard de Volo, Lorraine. "Tactical Negrificación and White Femininity." Radical History Review 2020, no. 136 (January 1, 2020): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7857243.

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Abstract At the ideological heart of the Cuban Revolution is the commitment to liberation from oppressive systems at home and abroad. From early on, as it supported anti-imperialist struggles, revolutionary Cuba also officially condemned racism and sexism. However, the state’s attention to racism and sexism has fluctuated—it has been full-throated at times, silent at others. This essay examines gender and race in Cuba’s international liberatory efforts while also considering the human costs of armed internationalism. Focusing on Cuba’s Angola mission (1975–91), it finds that the state approached gender and racial liberation separately and tactically, as means to military, political, and diplomatic ends. Through negrificación (blackening) of national identity, Cuba highlighted race to internationally legitimize its Angola mission. Women were a minor and primarily domestic theme, yet military women’s femininity was racialized, as idealized feminine combatants were typically represented as white, light-skinned women despite a diverse racial composition.

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Chicharro, Manuel Ramírez. "Radicalizing Feminism: The Mexican and Cuban Associations within the Women's International Democratic Federation in the Early Cold War." International Review of Social History 67, S30 (March 10, 2022): 75–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859022000025.

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AbstractThis article analyses the interactions between the Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) and its Mexican and Cuban national chapters and affiliated organizations. Focusing on the National Bloc of Revolutionary Women, the Democratic Union of Mexican Women, and the Democratic Federation of Cuban Women, this article studies the ideological foundations these organizations defended and the action programmes they used to materialize them. One of its main contributions is to argue that Mexican and Cuban socialist and communist women contributed to the struggle for women's emancipation within the Eastern Bloc through grass-roots contributions that did not simply emulate European communist organizations, but drew on, and were informed by, national contexts, material conditions, and historical backgrounds. The increasing number of requests, demands, and proposals emerging from Latin America, and more specifically from Mexico and Cuba, ultimately fostered a steady process of decentralization that broadened visions of women's progress within the global leftist feminist movement during the early Cold War.

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Stubbs, Jean, Lois M. Smith, and Alfred Padula. "Sex and Revolution: Women in Socialist Cuba." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 4 (November 1997): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517028.

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Stubbs, Jean. "Sex and Revolution: Women in Socialist Cuba." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 738–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-77.4.738.

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Reid, Michele B. "Mambisas: Rebel Women in Nineteenth-Century Cuba." Hispanic American Historical Review 87, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 753–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2007-056.

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Ortiz García, Carmen. "SEÑORAS DE LA TRADICIÓN. MUJERES FOLKLORISTAS EN CUBA." Revista Andaluza de Antropología, no. 19 (2021): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/raa.2021.19.10.

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In the history of Cuban anthropology, little attention has been paid to several women who have, nevertheless, obtained professional recognition from the international academic community. Calixta Guiteras Holmes is one such case, with her unique characters. Another less known but equally relevant woman was Carolina Poncet de Cárdenas, who formed a generation of highly active female pedagogues and folklorists. A different place is required to situate the life and work of a person who could be considered the modern founder of studies on Afro-Cuban religions, the writer and anthropologist Lydia Cabrera, who has only recently begun to be acknowledged by intellectual circles in official Cuban culture. An examination of these three figures is undertaken, and their contributions to anthropology are analyzed, opposing the hegemonic account of the history of science where the role of founders has generally been attributed to men. Likewise, the issues of institutional visibility and continuity and the lines of research in the Cuban academic world dedicated to anthropology and folklore are discussed, with the ultimate goal of bringing the contributions of these women researchers to the fore.

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Ortiz García, Carmen. "SEÑORAS DE LA TRADICIÓN. MUJERES FOLKLORISTAS EN CUBA." Revista Andaluza de Antropología, no. 19 (2020): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/raa.2020.19.10.

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In the history of Cuban anthropology, little attention has been paid to several women who have, nevertheless, obtained professional recognition from the international academic community. Calixta Guiteras Holmes is one such case, with her unique characters. Another less known but equally relevant woman was Carolina Poncet de Cárdenas, who formed a generation of highly active female pedagogues and folklorists. A different place is required to situate the life and work of a person who could be considered the modern founder of studies on Afro-Cuban religions, the writer and anthropologist Lydia Cabrera, who has only recently begun to be acknowledged by intellectual circles in official Cuban culture. An examination of these three figures is undertaken, and their contributions to anthropology are analyzed, opposing the hegemonic account of the history of science where the role of founders has generally been attributed to men. Likewise, the issues of institutional visibility and continuity and the lines of research in the Cuban academic world dedicated to anthropology and folklore are discussed, with the ultimate goal of bringing the contributions of these women researchers to the fore.

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Toro-Morn, Maura I., Anne R. Roschelle, and Elisa Facio. "Gender, Work, and Family in Cuba: The Challenges of the Special Period." Journal of Developing Societies 18, no. 2-3 (June 2002): 32–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x0201800203.

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It is within the context of the Special Period, the economic crisis that began in the early 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the tightening of the economic blockade by the United States, that we analyze work and family relations in Cuba. Although women made significant gains in the labor market after the Revolution, the Special Period has eroded many of these gains. Using interviews collected in Cuba, we document the struggles that women workers encountered in order to continue to support their families and stay in the labor market. The growth of jobs in the tourist sector has led to worker redistribution and occupational downward mobility, as workers moved from professional to less skilled jobs in the tourism industry with little opportunities for mobility. We also capture how the Special Period has impacted Cuban families. Despite state attempts to legislate gender equity within the family, patriarchy was never fully eradicated in the home. This failure of the revolutionary project has been exacerbated by the country’s current economic crisis. The burden of this crisis has fallen more heavily on women who continue to shoulder the responsibility for household work and childcare.

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Castellanos Llanos, Gabriela. "Identidades raciales y de género en la santería afrocubana." La Manzana de la Discordia 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v4i1.1475.

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Resumen: Se exploran las concepciones de géneroen la santería o regla de Ocha una religión que tieneconsecuencias culturales muy importantes en Cuba tantodesde el punto de vista étnico y racial como para lasrelaciones de género. Este trabajo analiza algunas deestas consecuencias, planteando sus implicaciones parala identidad racial afrocubana, centrándose en lascaracterísticas del sistema de género que está implícitoen las creencias y en los rituales de la santería. El trabajobosqueja las características principales de la santería yalgunos aspectos de su posible efecto en el racismo enCuba, antes de examinar el estatus de las mujeres enesta religión. Se refuta la afirmación de una investigadorade que en la sociedad yoruba tradicional no existe elconcepto de mujer como inferior que es típico delpatriarcado occidental, o de otra de que la santeríacubana es una religión de base femenina, donde lofemenino es normativo. Sin embargo, se concluye quelas concepciones occidentales de la división radical delos dos sexos en dos entidades totalmente rígidas y biendelimitadas, están ausentes en la santería.Palabras clave: religiones afro-cubanas, santería,identidad, raza, géneroAbstract: This article explores the conceptions ofgender in santería or Regla de Ocha, a religion whichhas important cultural consequences in Cuba both forracial and gender relations. It analyzes some of theseconsequences for Afro-Cuban racial identity and focuseson the gender system implicit in beliefs and rituals in santería. The text portrays the major characteristics of santería and some of its possible effects on racism in Cuba, before examining the status of women in this religion. It refutes the claim by one researcher that in traditional Yoruba society there is no concept of women as inferior as found in Western patriarchy, and that of another researcher that Cuban santería is a femalebased religion, where femininity is normative. However, it is concluded that Western conceptions of the radical split of the sexes in two rigid and well-defined entities are absent in santería.Key words: Afro-Cuban religions, santería, identity,race, gender

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Garcia, Alyssa. "Federada Testimonios on the Ground." Meridians 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 149–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15366936-8117790.

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Abstract In 1961, several mass organizations in Cuba collaborated as Fidel Castro launched a national campaign against prostitution. By 1965, only four years later, the Revolution proclaimed “the elimination of prostitution” in Cuba. This article examines the Cuban Revolution’s national campaign to end prostitution as a case study to investigate how gender and patriarchy affect the ways social change is operationalized. Interested in the relationship between social and cultural change, following the tradition of feminist historians, this article utilizes the oral histories of two Cuban federada women involved in the State’s campaign to consider how the Revolution’s macro program was implemented and carried out at micro level. The narratives of these local agents in the everyday spaces of the campaign provide a bottom-up lens which can be juxtaposed with the Revolution’s proclaimed “success.” These testimonios detail how gender and patriarchy played out on the ground, limiting the campaign’s efforts toward social change, therefore demonstrating the tensions and contradictions of how social change is exercised within human agency and constraint.

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Chase, Michelle. "“A Cuba That Keeps Unsettling”." Radical History Review 2020, no. 136 (January 1, 2020): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7857380.

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Abstract Two young Cuban historians, Ailynn Torres Santana and Diosnara Ortega González, discuss their forthcoming book of oral histories with Cuban women. They describe their methodology, their intellectual formation, and the reception of gender studies and oral history in the Cuban academy.

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Bengelsdorf, Carollee. "On the problem of studying women in Cuba." Race & Class 27, no. 2 (October 1985): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030639688502700203.

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Brown, L. Susan. "Women in Post-Revolutionary Cuba: a Feminist Critique." Insurgent Sociologist 13, no. 4 (July 1986): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089692058601300404.

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Saavedra, María Cristina. "Mambisas. Rebel Women in Nineteenth Century Cuba (review)." Journal of Latin American Geography 6, no. 1 (2007): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lag.2007.0014.

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Tassell, G. Lane. "WOMEN, POLITICS AND CONTEMPORARY CUBA: A RESEARCH NOTE." Southeastern Political Review 16, no. 2 (November 12, 2008): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.1988.tb00262.x.

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Cowling, Camillia. "Women and slavery in nineteenth-century colonial Cuba." Journal of Gender Studies 22, no. 3 (September 2013): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2013.824724.

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Cabrera Mejico, Damarys, Yamaris Mercedes Mena Cabrera, Oralis Herrera Gómez, Diana Belkis Mujica, and Yaritza Curbelo Valle. "National Plan Fort he Advancement of women in the health sector. Pinar del Río." SCT Proceedings in Interdisciplinary Insights and Innovations 1 (December 20, 2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/piii202324.

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An empowered woman is a woman who is not violated, who has her own economic autonomy. To achieve this, Cuba relies on the National Program for the Advancement of Women: the agenda of the Cuban State to promote the progress of Women on the Island. Objective: to characterize the National Plan for the Advancement of Women in the health sector, in the year 2022 in Pinar del Río. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe consisted of 13,699 women active in the health sector, 2,963 were selected by intentional sampling, theoretical, empirical, and descriptive statistics methods were used. Results: there was a predominance of the age group of 50 to 59 years (36.92%), high blood pressure as a trace disease (16.03%), 10.69% with preconception risk, 21.29% are single mothers; 2.32% are mothers with three or more children over 17 years of age, 14.81% have difficulties with housing; 5.53% need day care centers, and 10.63% have difficulties with transportation to get to work. 29.53% of women are leaders; 189 teachers; 123 master's degrees and a single doctor of science. There was an increase in women returning to work, to professional improvement, a plan to confront gender violence was implemented, and respected childbirth was approved. Conclusions: The plan for the advancement of women in the health sector of the province of Pinar del Río brought with it empowerment of women for a more stable, fair and sustainable society

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Manley, Elizabeth S. "Black Women, Citizenship, and the Making of Modern Cuba." Hispanic American Historical Review 102, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 560–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-9798674.

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Baldez, Lisa, Karen Kampwirth, and Margaret Power. "Women and Guerrilla Movements: Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chiapas, Cuba." Latin American Politics and Society 45, no. 4 (2003): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3177137.

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DAVIES, CATHERINE. "Women Writers in Cuba 1975-1994.. A Bibliographical Note." Bulletin of Latin American Research 14, no. 2 (May 1995): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.1995.tb00007.x.

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Davies, C. "Women writers in Cuba 1975–1994. A bibliographical note." Bulletin of Latin American Research 14, no. 2 (May 1995): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3050(94)00038-i.

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NG, García. "Polymorphism of KIR Genes in Women with Human Papillomavirus Infection." Virology & Immunology Journal 7, no. 3 (July 7, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000319.

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Molecular biology screening techniques for early detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the National CervicalUterine Cancer Program in Cuba provide the opportunity to treat premalignant lesions and prevent progression to cervicaluterine cancer. Objectives: To identify 14 high-risk HPV genotypes in women aged 30 to 50 with negative previous cytology and to identify the polymorphism of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in a subsample of HPV-positive women. Methods: HPV screening tests were performed on 3,115 women using the COBAS 4800 system with the HPV COBAS kit (Roche, Germany). For KIR gene typing, 60 randomly selected HPV-positive women were analyzed using a molecular method based on hybridization probes on a LUMINEX flow analyzer with the LIFECODES KIR-SSO typing kit (Immucor, USA). Results: 295 (9.5%) women tested positive for one of the 14 high-risk genotypes. The highest percentage of positive women was found among those aged 30 to 39 years (12.0%). Fourteen women had coinfection with HPV16 or HPV18 along with another highrisk genotype. There was a high frequency of genes encoding activating receptors such as KIR 2DL1 (98.3%), KIR 2DL3 (98.3%), and KIR 2DS4*all full length (93.3%). Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV in Cuban women with normal cytology is lower than the global average, with activating KIR genes predominating among positive cases.

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Ramirez Pérez, Jorge Freddy, Pedro Luis Hernández Pérez, and Silfredo Rodriguez Basso. "MUJER Y CIMARRONAJE EN LA REGIÓN HISTÓRICA DE VUELTABAJO (1790-1850)." Revista de Humanidades, no. 37 (July 17, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdh.37.2019.21352.

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Resumen: El presente artículo, aborda una mirada de género al interior de la resistencia esclava en la región histórica de Vueltabajo, en Cuba. Se establecen los parámetros geohistóricos, económicos y naturales que condicionan la presencia de la mujer cimarrona, con dos estudios de casos representativos: el de la Madre Melchora y el de Petrona Conga. Los métodos histórico-lógico, y de recopilación, ordenamiento y análisis documental de las fuentes primarias, sustentaron los resultados que se presentan. Se resalta a modo de conclusiones, el papel de las mujeres en el cimarronaje como portadoras y trasmisoras de una cultura de resistencia, lo que contrasta con la escasa atención que sobre el asunto existe en la historiografía cubana. Abstract: This article reports a gender perspective within the slave resistance in the historical region of Vueltabajo, in Cuba. The geohistorical, economic and natural parameters that determine the presence of the Maroon woman are established, with two representative case studies: that of Mother Melchora and that of Petrona Conga. The historical-logical methods, and the collection, ordering and documentary analysis of the primary sources, supported the results presented. It highlights as a conclusion, the role of women in the cimarronaje as carriers and transmitters of a culture of resistance, which contrasts with the scant attention on the matter in Cuban historiography.

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Santos, Ina S., Jose Boccio, Lena Davidsson, Manuel Hernandez-Triana, Elizabeth Huanca-Sardinas, Mariana Janjetic, Silvia Y. Moya-Camarena, et al. "Helicobacter pyloriis not associated with anaemia in Latin America: results from Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Cuba, Mexico and Venezuela." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 10 (October 2009): 1862–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009004789.

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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association betweenHelicobacter pyloriinfection and anaemia.DesignSix cross-sectional studies.H. pyloriinfection was assessed by the [13C]urea breath test using MS or IR analysis. Hb was measured for all countries. Ferritin and transferrin receptors were measured for Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, and Venezuela.SettingHealth services in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico or public schools in Bolivia, Cuba and Venezuela.SubjectsIn Argentina, 307 children aged 4–17 years referred to a gastroenterology unit; in Bolivia, 424 randomly selected schoolchildren aged 5–8 years; in Brazil, 1007 adults (157 men, 850 women) aged 18–45 years attending thirty-one primary health-care units; in Cuba, 996 randomly selected schoolchildren aged 6–14 years; in Mexico, seventy-one pregnant women in their first trimester attending public health clinics; in Venezuela, 418 children aged 4–13 years attending public schools.ResultsThe lowest prevalence ofH. pylorifound was among children in Argentina (25·1 %) and the highest in Bolivia (74·0 %). In Bolivia, Cuba and Venezuela children showed similar prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection as in Brazilian and Mexican adults (range 47·5 % to 81·8 %). Overall anaemia prevalence was 11·3 % in Argentina, 15·4 % in Bolivia, 20·6 % in Brazil, 10·5 % in Cuba and 8·9 % in Venezuela. Adjusted analyses allowing for confounding variables showed no association betweenH. pyloricolonization and anaemia in any study. Hb, ferritin and transferrin receptor levels were also not associated withH. pyloriinfection in any country.ConclusionsThe present study showed no evidence to support the hypothesis thatH. pyloricontributes to anaemia in children, adolescents, adults or pregnant women in six Latin American countries.

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Berry, Maya J. "Black Feminist Rumba Pedagogies." Dance Research Journal 53, no. 2 (August 2021): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014976772100019x.

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AbstractRumba guaguancó, a sub-genre of Afro-Cuban popular dance, has been widely defined as a dance of courtship, characterized as a male pursuit of a woman's sex. The article analyzes alternative meanings of the sub-genre articulated in the pedagogical practices of black women rumba dancers. Insights were gleaned from the author's own dance training in Havana while conducting original ethnographic research between 2009 and 2018. What the author terms “a black feminist choreographic aptitude” taught by rumberas (women rumba dancers) speaks to the pointedly gendered valances of worsening racialized class inequality in contemporary Cuba. Building on Blanco Borelli's theory of “hip(g)nosis,” the article interrogates the racialized and gendered discourses historically reproduced through dominant definitions of rumba, limiting women of African descent to sexual objects. The study argues for increased critical attention to pedagogy as a hermeneutical tool, centering those subjects historically marginalized from the production of knowledge about their bodies.

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Hernández García, Yuliuva, and Alisa Natividad Delgado Tornés. "El papel de la pobreza y la exclusión en la violencia contra las mujeres en Moa, Cuba." La Manzana de la Discordia 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v9i2.1604.

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Resumen: Este trabajo realiza una reflexión en torno a problemáticas conceptuales de las investigaciones acerca de la violencia contra las mujeres en la relación de pareja en Cuba, a partir de una investigación realizada con 47 mujeres que sufren violencia de pareja en Moa. El texto consta de cuatro ejes: el primero expone una mirada crítica a los fenómenos de violencia, pobreza y exclusión social; el segundo indaga sobre la dinámica de la violencia contra las mujeres en Moa, los escenarios en que se ejerce y sus condicionamientos sociales; en el tercero se interpreta la relación cultura patriarcal y contexto, así como algunas claves hermenéuticas para comprender la violencia contra las mujeres en la relación de pareja; el cuarto eje presenta aportes de la concepción sociológica del espacio geográfico para el contexto de Moa.Palabras claves: violencia contra las mujeres, pobreza, exclusión social, CubaPoverty and Exclusion in Violence against Women in Moa, CubaAbstract: This work is a reflection about some conceptual problems in research about violence against women in couples’ relations in Moa, Cuba, on the basis of research carried out with 47 women, survivors of violence. The text consists of four axes: first, a critical look on the phenomenon of violence, poverty and social exclusion; second, the dynamics of violence against women in Moa, including the settings and social conditioning; third, the relations between patriarchal culture and context, as well as hermeneutical keys to understand the violence against women in couples; and finally, the contributions of the sociological conception of geographic space for the context of Moa.Key words: violence against women, poverty, social exclusion, Cuba

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Browne, Evie. "Lesbian and bisexual women in Cuba: family, rights, and policy." Gender & Development 26, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2018.1429090.

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Smith, Lois M., and Alfred L. Padula. "Women Workers in Socialist Cuba, 1959-1988: Progress and Problems." Iberoamericana – Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 18, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/ibero.353.

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Zapata-Calle, Ana. "El discurso desincretizador y womanista de Georgina Herrera: hacia una descolonización de la espiritualidad de la mujer negra cubana." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 12 (June 24, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i12.3869.

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ResumenEl propósito de este artículo es usar la poesía de Georgina Herrera para deconstruir la tradición de la santería que considera la religión yoruba como una ramificación del catolicismo y no como una religión universal. Georgina Herrera refleja en sus poemarios África (2006) y Gatos y liebres o libro de las conciliaciones (2010) el nuevo discurso afro-cubano que apuesta por una heterogeneidad religiosa que emerge en Cuba a finales de los años ochenta. Además, la poeta aboga en su poesía por el derecho del liderazgo religioso de la mujer afro-cubana, recuperando las practicas yorubas ortodoxas y el papel activo de las mujeres en sus rituales. AbstractThe purpose of this article is to use Georgina Herrera’s poetry in order to deconstruct the tradition of santería that considers the Yoruba religion under the wing of Catholicism and not as a universal religion. Georgina Herrera reflects in her books of poems África (2006) and Gatos y liebres o libro de las conciliaciones (2010) the new Afro-Cuban discourse of religious heterogeneity that emerged in Cuba at the end of the eighties. Furthermore, the poet advocates for the right to leadership of Afro-Cuban women recovering the orthodox Yoruba practices and the active role of women in their rituals.

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Saint-Loubert, Laëtitia. "Variable Frames: Women Translating Cuban and (Afro-) Brazilian Women Writers for the French Literary Market." Mutatis Mutandis. Revista Latinoamericana de Traducción 13, no. 2 (August 24, 2020): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.mut.v13n2a10.

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This article seeks to examine how contemporary works of fiction and non-fiction by women from Cuba and Brazil are translated and marketed for Francophone readers. It will focus on Wendy Guerra’s novels, translated into French by Marianne Millon, and on contemporary Brazilian (non) fiction translated into French by Paula Anacaona, the head of Anacaona Éditions, a publishing outlet specialized in Brazilian literature for Francophone readers. The contribution will start with a brief presentation of the French publishing sector and some of the recurring patterns observed in what is often labeled as littérature étrangère or littérature monde (foreign literature and world literature, respectively), exploring various layers of intervention that appear in translated fiction. The article will then further explore the role of paratext in the marketing of Caribbean literatures for (non-)metropolitan French audiences, before it examines the translations of Todos se van and Domingo de Revolución by Cuban writer Wendy Guerra. Paratextual matter in Marianne Millon’s Tout le monde s’en va and Un dimanche de révolution will be analyzed as a site of feminine co-production, in which the author and the translator’s voices at times collide in unison and at others create dissonance. In the case of Domingo de revolución, the French translator’s practices will be compared to Cuban-American Achy Obejas’s English translation (Revolution Sunday), in the hope of highlighting varying degrees of cultural appropriation and/or acculturation, depending on the translator’s habitus and trajectory (Bourdieu) and her own background. These reflections will lead to a broader analysis of paratext as a site of further agency and potential redress as (Afro-) Brazilian history and literature are examined in works circulated by writer/translator/publisher Paula Anacaona. Ultimately, figures traditionally sidelined from hegemonic and patriarchal (his)stories, whose voices are restored in Anacaona’s paratextual practices, will serve as illustrations of feminine publishing practices that challenge (phallo-)centric models from the metropolis.

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Hernández-Negrín, H. "AB0304 LEVELS AND TRENDS IN PREMATURE MORTALITY BURDEN DUE TO SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN CUBA." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1178.1–1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1147.

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Background:Analysis of the causes of premature mortality is an essential function of public health surveillance. A variety of methods have been used to accurately assess and report the level and trends of premature mortality; however, many have significant limitations, particularly in capturing actual early deaths. Years of life lost (YLL) has been recognized as a robust and comprehensive measure of premature mortality.1 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is among the leading causes of premature mortality burden in young women in the United States and premature mortality from SLE is increasing in Latin America.2, 3 However, the premature mortality burden from SLE has not been fully characterized in Cuba.Objectives:To identify levels and trends in premature mortality burden due to SLE in Cuba during 2001-2018.Methods:Data were obtained from the mortality database of the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba (International Classification of Diseases-10, code 32 as underlying cause of death). YLL were calculated using the standard life expectancy of the WHO’s global health estimates. Age- and sex-specific YLL rates were calculated using the Cuban mid-year population estimates and the age-standardized YLL rate (ASYR) was estimated by the direct method using the WHO’s standard population. The 2001-2018 temporal trends were analyzed using Jointpoint software.Results:During 2001-2018, 1 475 patients died from SLE. These deaths contributed 66 605 YLL (women= 59 166; men=7 433), with a mean of 45.1 YLL per death (women= 45.2; men= 44.5). The 40-44 age group was the most affected in both sexes with 9 266 YLL (women=8 177; men=1 086). The ASYR was higher in 2018 than in 2001 for both sexes (Figure 1). A significantly increasing trend in ASYR due to SLE was identified throughout the period (average annual percent change [AAPC] =1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9 to 3.0), more pronounced in men (AAPC = 7.0; 95% CI = 3.5 to 10.6) than in women (AAPC = 1.3; 95% CI = 0.3 to 2.3).Conclusion:The high levels and growing trends in premature mortality burden from SLE in Cuba, demands its recognition as an important health problem and immediate actions that help mitigate it.References:[1]Martinez R, Soliz P, Caixeta R, Ordunez P. Reflection on modern methods: years of life lost due to premature mortality-a versatile and comprehensive measure for monitoring non-communicable disease mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 2019; 48(4): 1367-1376.[2]Yen EY, Singh RR. Lupus - an unrecognized leading cause of death in young women: Population-based study using nationwide death certificates, 2000-2015. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018;70:1251–5.[3]Soares CR, Viana K, Moraes-Santos F, Vieira CL, Lamarão F, Iglesias-Rodriguez M. Mortality rate and premature mortality due to systemic erythematosus lupus in Latin America US and England and Wales. Value Health. 2015;18:A805–81.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Cryer, Jacqueline R., Simon J. Otter, and Catherine J. Bowen. "Use of Quantitative Ultrasound Scans of the Calcaneus to Diagnose Osteoporosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 97, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0970108.

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Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are recognized as being at risk for osteoporosis as a result of the disease process as well as the medication used to treat it. This study was conducted to consider the use of calcaneal scanning with quantitative ultrasound—contact ultrasound bone analysis (CUBA)—to diagnose osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods: Forty-six patients (11 men and 35 women) with established rheumatoid arthritis underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of the nondominant wrist and CUBA of the nondominant heel. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were used to determine the correlation between osteoporosis as diagnosed by the CUBA heel scan compared with the DEXA wrist scan given that DEXA is widely seen as the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.Results: The CUBA heel scan revealed a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 44% for a diagnosis of osteoporosis compared with DEXA. The positive predictive value of the CUBA scan was 31%, and the negative predictive value was 94%. Therefore, if normal bone density is found using CUBA, there is 94% certainty this is correct. However, if osteoporosis is diagnosed using CUBA, there is only 31% certainty this is correct. In such instances a secondary scan using a different method (eg, DEXA) would be required. Future work should consider the effect of minor alterations to the equipment or scanning protocol, because this may improve diagnosis.Conclusions: The CUBA unit could be used as a primary screening device. Given the cost and accessibility issues associated with DEXA, quantitative ultrasound may have a role in screening for osteoporosis in the primary-care setting to determine the most appropriate routes of referral for patients requiring further investigations. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 97(2): 108–114, 2007)

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Tanna, Natasha. "The Politics of Plagiarism." Comparative Literature 74, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 471–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-9989256.

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Abstract This article analyzes queer literary politics and the engagement with cultural precursors in the 1990s and into the twenty-first century in works by Cuban writer Ena Lucía Portela and Argentine writer María Moreno. The lack of a clearly defined tradition of lesbian/queer literature by women in Cuba and Argentina leads these two writers to appropriate or invent their own during periods of increasing liberalization in their respective countries. At first glance, Portela and Moreno’s joyful gestures of what this essay conceptualizes as “creative plagiarism” appear to signal their reveling in a cosmopolitan commons, largely situated in the United States and Europe, via Paris of the années folles (Crazy Years), from which fragments can be drawn to create queer counter-canons. However, the article concludes that through their highly intertextual works both writers reflect critically on the location of the so-called cosmopolitan in queer literary genealogies and on power dynamics and hierarchies among both authors and characters and different creative forms, including academic writing. The article argues that while the diegesis of their texts is largely set outside their local contexts, both writers’ works are deeply located in Cuba and Argentina. Ultimately, Portela and Moreno claim authority for creative writers themselves, as well as their nonliterary cocreators, reflecting critically on literary scholarship.

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Rodenas, Adriana Mendez, and Catherine Davies. "A Place in the Sun? Women Writers in Twentieth-Century Cuba." Modern Language Review 94, no. 4 (October 1999): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3737306.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Women in Cuba'

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