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Kirk, Kathleen F. "Women in combat?" Thesis, San Diego State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23446.
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Dunn, Jason. "Women in the combat arms, a question of attitudes?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ45216.pdf.
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Drennan, Charles R. "Stakeholder analysis of integrating women into ground combat units." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42613.
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Reissued 18 Aug. 2014 to correct degree on title page.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Reissued 18 Aug. 2014 to correct degree on title page.
Barriers to women’s service in the U.S. military have been greatly reduced over the past two decades. Policies preventing women from serving on ships, submarines, and in attack aircraft were removed in 1994. More recently, in January 2013, the Department of Defense overturned the 1994 Exclusion Policy on women serving in direct ground combat units. Implementing this change presents a significant challenge. The decision to do so has reignited a long-standing debate over women’s rights and equal opportunity within the military. The issue is now receiving an abundance of both negative and positive publicity, suggesting increased scrutiny over decisions made by civilian and military leaders. This thesis provides recommendations to support integrating women into ground combat arms positions. This is accomplished by identifying the impediments and drivers to gaining acceptance of the new policy and by distilling recommendations through a framing analysis of the debate in electronic media. The analysis identifies key stakeholder groups and issue frames, providing a lens through which to gain a better understanding of stakeholder perspectives and their arguments for and against further integration. Recommendations for future research are offered in the concluding sections of the thesis.
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English, Tara. "A Structured Weight Loss Program to Combat Obesity in Women." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4850.
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Rates of obesity and the associated comorbidities continue to increase for women in the United States. Despite information available, efforts at weight loss are often unsuccessful because women lack integral knowledge of how to approach the various components essential for weight loss. This doctoral project was created to address the practice question of whether obesity can be reduced through a step-wise weight loss program that identifies essential elements to reduce weight in menopausal age women. Guided by the information-motivation-behavioral skills model, this project led 17 volunteer participants from a Northwest, Florida primary care clinic through 6 weeks of protocols supplemented with Facebook interactions. A pretest/posttest comparison showed increased knowledge regarding weight loss and increased self-efficacy as measured by the PANSE scale. All participants had some decrease in weight and an average of a drop in systolic blood pressure of 4 mmHg. This supports the use of a nurse-lead structured education and support model for improved weight loss in women. This project can lead to positive social change with the ability to assist women with obesity and hypertensive disorders, thus reducing morbidity and mortality as well as improving quality of life.
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Dye, Judy Lynn, and Judy Lynn Dye. "Factors That Contribute to Mental Health in Combat Injured Military Women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626747.
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Background: As military women enter roles directly related to combat, they will have greater risk of injury. The present study examined the prevalence of mental health conditions among female service members one year postinjury, and analyzed factors which may place women at risk for mental health concerns and lower quality of life (QOL).
Methods: A total of 1,012 U.S. servicewomen who sustained combat-related injury in Iraq and Afghanistan were identified from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database (EMED). Injury severity was calculated and QOL scores were collected from a subset of the women. Injury severity, military occupation, branch of service, age, rank, marital status, number of deployments, initial treatment facility, and environment of care were collected as predictor variables. The Military Health System Data Repository was queried for mental health International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revision codes occurring within one year postinjury.
Results: Within the first year postinjury, 404 women (40%) were diagnosed with mental health conditions. The most common were posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), (n = 203, 20%), depressive disorders (n = 123, 12.1%), adjustment disorders (n = 92, 9.0%), and anxiety disorders (n = 81, 8.0%). Logistic regression identified that women with minor or moderate injuries had lower odds of mental health diagnoses. Occupation categories of combat support and communications predicted fewer mental health issues. Enlisted women had increased risk of mental health issues. Linear regression showed that officers had higher QOL compared with enlisted women 0.055 (95% CI, 0.005-0.183), p<.05. Women serving in the Air Force had higher QOL postinjury 0.119 (95% CI, .055-.183), p<.000. An independent samples t-test showed that women with mental health diagnoses postinjury (M = 0.46, SD = 0.12) had significantly lower QOL scores (range 0-1) compared to those without mental health diagnoses (M = 0.52, SD = 0.13), t(3.46), p <.05.
Conclusions: These findings showed that PTSD, depression, adjustment disorder, and anxiety comprise the most prevalent mental health diagnoses in this population. QOL is significantly lower in injured women with mental health issues after injury. Further research is needed to discover strategies for maintaining optimum health in this population.
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Warner, Laura Anne. "The combat exclusion laws and attitudes towards women in the military." Thesis, Boston University, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27793.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Justi, Steven. "Eliminating Direct Ground Combat Definition and Assignment Rule: Internal Preparations for Implementation." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3792.
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Decades before the elimination of gender restrictions in the U.S. military, ground combat was an equal opportunity issue for women. Direct combat units, such as infantry and artillery, are now open to female enlistment. The purpose of this study was to examine the efforts, challenges and/or successes, of incorporating women into a U.S. Army combat brigade in a single state. The frame-critical approach was used to outline the competing arguments between supporters and opponents of women in combat. The research questions guiding the study included how gender integration is perceived with regards to strength and survivability of the unit, and how future conflict will govern decisions about sending women into combat. A qualitative case study was employed with semi structured interviews with commanders of the combat brigade, given their proximity to the issue and responsibility in the implementation process. The selected brigade was serving as the initial test bed of evaluation for the rest of the state's combat units. The data collected via the interviews were cross-checked with documentary data including declassified memorandums, technical reports, and execution orders. During the analysis phase, the data were organized and coded to identify themes related to the experiences of the command structure. Overall, the officers were supportive of the policy mandate and expressed viewpoints that validated both oppositional and advocacy arguments. The implications for social change include how the military is working to validate performance standards to positively influence policy on gender integration, and the combat brigade utilized in this study is an example for the rest of the United States as it is slated to have the most female recruits for combat positions than any other state beginning in 2017.
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Priddy, Jeremy Daniel-John. "As Tufa to Sapphire| Gendering the Roles of Medieval Women in Combat." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1558108.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore medieval gender roles through the discourse and conduct of warfare. Some modern historians such as John Keegan have maintained that medieval warfare was a masculine activity that precluded female participation in all but the most exceptional cases. Megan McLaughlin asserted that the change from a domestic to public model of warfare resulted in a disenfranchisement of women after the eleventh century. This paper shows that medieval warfare was not male exclusive, and women's active participation throughout the period was often integral to a combat's outcome. By analyzing both the military activities of female combatants and changes in academic dialogues over war in the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries, an ongoing disparity unfolds between the ideological gendering of warfare and its actual practice.
This disparity informed an accepted norm in which women were seen as inherently weak and unfit for combat, requiring a "masculinization" of women who successfully engaged in battle. This in turn led to the establishment of the virago image of female warriors; paradoxically, women who therefore defied the normative expectation of feminine behavior could be held in high regard for their masculine virtues. At the same time, the contributions of individual women to warfare are often left with minimal mention or treated as anomalous by some later chroniclers.
The paper is divided into seven sections. Part I explores the eleventh century military career of Matilda of Canossa, and subsequent treatment of her activities by apologists and canonical reformers. Part II discusses the means by which women had access to military activity in a changing climate of gendered social roles, through marriage, inheritance, and the influence of the Pax Dei movement. Part III discusses the military activity of women during the Crusades, and the differences in how that activity was noted in Western versus Islamic sources.
Parts IV - VI discuss the thirteenth century academic dialogues over women's participation in combat in the wake of the Crusades, through the work of Giles of Rome and Ptolemy of Lucca. As well, it analyzes the enfolding of knighthood as a construct of feudal vassalage into the noble class, and the changing access to military orders granted to women as armies became professionalized. Part VII looks at the formation of a new kind of war rhetoric and an attempt to resolve the disparity between the theory and practice of warfare in regards to women through the fifteenth century work of Christine de Pizan.
The conclusions of this work are that war may be understood to be a masculine activity, yet is not male exclusive. Writers and war chroniclers were forced to complicate gendered social norms in order to justify or refute women engaging in combat. This only resulted in a continued re-evaluation of the proper ideological place of women in war, and was not necessarily reflective of a change in the actual circumstances or frequency with which women took part.
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Whitaker, Macaela Carder. "Women in Stage Combat: A Study on Babes With Blades Theatre Company." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1429273849.
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Porter, Laurie M. Adside Rick V. "Women in combat : attitudes and experiences of U.S. Military Officers and Enlisted personnel /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401535.
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Thesis (M.S. in Manpower Systems Analysis and M.S. in Inventory Systems Management) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2001.Thesis advisor(s): Crawford, Alice; Eitelberg, Mark J. "December 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-103). Also available in print.
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Adside, Rick V. "Women in combat : attitudes and experiences of U.S. Military Officers and Enlisted personnel." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1013.
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This study examines the attitudes and experiences of a selected group of U.S. military members regarding the service of women in combat. A survey was administered in October 2001 to enlisted personnel at the Defense Language Institute and to officers at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. A total of 276 enlisted personnel and 550 officers participated in the survey, with response rates of 69 percent and 55 percent, respectively. Focus groups were also convened. Respondents represented all military services, but were concentrated in certain pay grades and occupational areas (especially for enlisted personnel). Generally, four out of five respondents felt that women should serve in some capacity in military combat. Further, one-third of all respondents believed that qualified women should be allowed to volunteer for combat units, while one-third said they were satisfied with the policy in effect at the time of the survey (allowing women in all units except infantry, armor, submarines, and special forces). Differences in attitudes and experiences were found between men and women, officers and enlisted personnel, and members of the different branches of service. It is recommended that further research explore the use of gender-neutral standards in assigning military personnel to combat units.
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Alfonso, Kristal L. M. "Femme fatale : an examination of the role of women in combat and the policy implications for future American military operations /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=9fa236b6-82fe-4be7-951f-1f172da0dcdf&rs=PublishedSearch.
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Buttsworth, Sara. "Body count : the politics of representing the gendered body in combat in Australia and the United States." University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0023.
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This thesis is an exploration of the construction of the gendered body in combat in the late twentieth century, in Australia and the United States of America. While it is not a military history, aspects of military history, and representations of war and warriors are used as the vehicle for the analysis of the politics of representing gender. The mythic, the material and the media(ted) body of the gendered warrior are examined in the realms of ‘real’ military histories and news coverage, and in the ‘speculative’ arena of popular culture. Through this examination, the continuities and ruptures inherent in the gendered narratives of war and warriors are made apparent, and the operation of the politics of representing gender in the public arena is exposed. I have utilised a number of different approaches from different disciplines in the construction of this thesis: feminist and non-feminist responses to women in the military; aspects of military histories and mythologies of war specific to Australia and the United States; theories on the construction of masculinities and femininities; approaches to gender identity in popular news media, film and television. Through these approaches I have sought to bring together the history of women in the military institutions of Australia and the United States, and examine the nexus between the expansion of women’s military roles and the emergence of the female warrior hero in popular culture. I have, as a result, analysed the constructions of masculinity and femininity that inform the ongoing association of the military with ‘quintessential masculinity’, and deconstructed the real and the mythic corporeal capacities of the gendered body so important to warrior identity. Regardless, or perhaps because of, the importance of gender politics played out in and through the representations of soldier identity, all their bodies must be considered speculative.
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Carr, Zachary Vachudová Milada Anna. "Trafficked women, the garbage can, and frustrated policy EU failure to combat human trafficking /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2755.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 10, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, concentration in Trans-Atlantic Studies." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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Hughes, Ashley Taylor. "Women in Combat: A Critical Analysis of Responses to the U.S. Military's Recent Inclusion Efforts." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73487.
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In this thesis, I analyze responses to the 1994 Direct Ground Combat Definition and Assignment Rule (DGCDAR), the policy that until January 24, 2013 formally barred women from serving in combat. Specifically, I use feminist theories of embodiment, equality, and difference to interpret how interlocutors represent female service members in the "Letters" section of the Marine Corps Gazette and interviews I collected from members of the military community. I find that the most common arguments against women in combat locate gender difference in the physically sexed body, centering primarily on female nature, sexuality, and strength. Throughout this project, I demonstrate how these arguments are persuasive because the discourse understands equality as sameness to a male norm. This equality as sameness paradigm perpetuates gender-based barriers to parity by expecting women to function just like men. Ultimately, I argue for a more inclusive conception of equality that acknowledges difference.Master of Arts
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Phillips, Maureen Patricia. "Birthing a third gender : the discourse of women in the American military /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9514.
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Culler, Kristen W. "The decision to allow military women into combat positions : a study in policy and politics /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA379603.
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Thesis (M.S. in Leadership and Human Resource Development)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2000.Thesis advisors: Crawford, Alice ; Eitelberg, Mark J. "June 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-111). Also available in print.
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Ndaya, Tshiteku Julie. ""Prendre le bic" le Combat Spirituel congolais et les transformations sociales /." Leiden : Le Centre d'Etudes Africaines, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1887/12911.
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Veldtman, Sazi Livingston. "Gender discrimination in the SANDF : women as combat soldiers in the South African Army with reference to the Western Province Command." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52283.
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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As early as the unification of South Africa in 1910 enforced discrimination in the military has been an issue that affected both race and gender. The advent of democracy in South Africa has brought fundamental changes in spheres of governance. One of these changes is the transformation of the public service of which the Department of Defence, in particular the South African National Defence Force, is part. The constitutional and judicial imperatives stipulated to the government departments to be representative of the demographic composition of the population of South Africa. The Department of Defence has provided a policy on equal opportunity and affirmative action to redress the racial and gender imbalances of the past, to protect individual and groups against unfair discrimination andto work towards achievement of employment equity. The study seeks to establish the extent and influence of gender discrimination in the South African National Defence with particular reference to the SA Army's Western Province Command. To achieve this, the attitude of the middle and top management of the WP Command towards the utilisation or employment of women in combat roles were assessed. The study also investigated whether the mentioned management does encourage women to be involved or participate in combat roles. Data was collected from respondents by means of a structured questionnaire consisting of 58 questions (plus 8 unstructured questions). The sample was drawn from the SA Army's WP Command and the focus was on middle and top management. Findings of the study indicate that the SA Army's WP Command's middle and top management supports the equality of men and women in general, but is reluctant to allow women to participate in combat roles side by side with their male counterparts. Although there seems to be an understanding and support for the policies of addressing equal opportunities, traditional cultural beliefs or stereotypes about women still shape and influence the acceptance and the non-acceptance of women in combat roles Finally, recommendations highlight issues of consideration when drafting policy vis-a-vis the utilisation of women as combat soldiers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Reeds so vroeg as Uniewording van Suid Afrika in 1910 was geforseerde diskriminasie binne die weermag 'n kwessie wat beide ras en geslag beïnvloed het. Die totstandkoming van 'n demokrasie in Suid Afrika het fundamentele veranderinge in die sfeer van Staatsbestuur te weeg gebring. Een van hierdie veranderinge het betrekking op die transformasie van die staatsdiens, waarvan die Suid Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag 'n deel is. Daar rus 'n konstitusionele en juridiese verpligting op staatsdepartmente om die demografiese samestelling van die bevolking van Suid Afrika te weerspieel. Die Department van Verdediging het 'n beleid van gelyke geleenthede en regstellende optrede ontwikkelom die rasse- en geslagsongelykhede van die verlede aan te spreek. Die beleid poog om individue en groepe teen onregverdige diskriminasie te beskerm en om billikheid in die werksomgewing te verseker. Hierdie studie poog om die omvang en invloed van geslagsdiskriminasie in die Suid- Afrikaanse Nasionale .Weermag te bepaal, met spesifieke verwysing na Kommandement Westelike Provinsie in die Suid-Afrikaanse Leer. Ten einde die omvang en invloed te bepaal is die houdings van middel- en topbestuur van Kommandement WP beoordeel met betrekking tot die aanwending of benutting van vrouens in 'n gevegsrol. Die studie poog om te bepaal of genoemde bestuurders vrouens aanmoedig om betrokke te raak by, of deel te neem in 'n gevegsrol. Data insameling het geskied deur middel van 'n gestruktureerde vraelys wat 58 vrae bevat het (Daar was ook 8 ongestruktureerde vrae ingesluit). Die steekproef is getrek uit lede van die Suid Afrikaanse Leer verbonde aan Kommandement Westelike Provinsie, met die spesifieke fokus op middel- en topbestuur. Bevindings van die studie dui daarop dat middel- en topbestuur van Kommandement Westelike Provinsie (SA Leer) oor die algemeen gelykheid tussen mans en dames ondersteun. Hulle is egter onwillig om vrouens toe te laat om sy aan sy met hul manlike eweknie in 'n gevegsrol te funksioneer. Alhoewel dit blyk dat daar begrip en steun bestaan vir die beleid wat gelyke geleenthede voorskryf, bepaal tradisionele kulturele oortuigings of stereotipes met betrekking tot vroue steeds die aanvaarding of nie-aanvaarding van vrouens in 'n gevegsrol. Die finale aanbeveling beklemtoon dat daar sekere kwessies is wat oorweging moet geniet wanneer 'n beleid ten opsigte van die benutting van vroue as soldate in 'n gevegsrol, opgestel word.
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Amollo, Rebecca. "A critical reflection on the African Women's Protocol as a means to combat HIV/AIDS among women in Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3083_1190369553.
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It is within the context of the persistent feminisation of the HIV and AIDS pandemic that this study, based on the normative provisions of the African Women's Protocol, focused on gender, sex and sexuality in the context of HIV and AIDS. The regime of the African Women's Protocol embodies a framework that can be utilised to combat HIV/AIDS amongst women in Africa by addressing some of the most important issues that need to be tackled if women are to live through this epidemic.
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Wedgwood, Nikki. "We have contact! : women, girls and boys playing Australian Rules football : combat sports, gendered embodiment and the gender order." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27819.
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This study investigates both the reproduction and subversion of patriarchal gender relations in sport, with a particular focus on gendered embodiment. The research is fuelled by feminist concerns, especially women's embodied resistance to male domination. It is comprised of case studies of three Australian Rules football teams - a women's, a schoolgirls' and a schoolboys'
team. The case studies are based on life-history interviews with players. Data was also collected through participant observation with all three teams. The data are analysed as both individual case studies and also in groups and the analysis is informed by Connell’s (1995) theories of gender construction and gendered embodiment.
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Jericho, Jyonah. "Hegemonic Masculinity in the Australian Defence Force – the Exclusion of Women from Combat Service as State Policy, 1973-2013." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13726.
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This thesis uses qualitative content analysis methods and aims to identify the dominant cultural and political themes elites seek to arouse when they defend Australia’s Gendered Combat Policy in the public domain. Male Defence personnel and Federal Government Ministers lead these discussions. No prior study explores how or why male elites and other men who benefit from hegemonic masculinity in state institutions actively defend the bio-political regime the Executive enforces over the gendered combat body. In recent decades, debates have shifted from away from criteria of gender to criteria of biology as public support for gender equality grows. Elites argue that the biophysical performance limitations of the female combat body justify the state enforcing this regime. Excluding women from combat duties is not just another case of discrimination against women that occurs in Australia’s work sector. The social problems that transpire from this policy extend beyond women’s diminished citizenship status. Excluding women from frontline military roles replicates the patriarchal makeup of key institutions of state power, locally and globally. The military is a formidable entity that defends Australia’s sovereignty and protects key institutions that uphold the state as a patriarchal construct. Excluding women from frontline military duties denies them the opportunity to accrue the experience required to lead Australia’s military institution locally and on the world stage. The absence of women in these senior roles is a dominant factor that upholds hegemonic masculinity within Australia’s civil–military relations and the realm of global warfare and international security. The exclusion of women from combat roles for over a century explains why Australia’s martial narratives and war images do not celebrate a feminised warrior archetype. This absence is a factor that replicates the way women are naturalised in passive roles that are subordinate to men in their nation’s collective consciousness.
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Berg, Paul Eric. "An exploratory case study of the effects of gender related combat stress on adult learning in a military academic environment." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34476.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Educational Leadership
Sarah Jane Fishback
This study describes how combat experiences affected female Army officers who attended the Command and General Staff College (CGSC) in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The female Army officers’ combat experiences were found to affect their academic learning, classroom experience, and coping mechanisms in a graduate-level professional military education. The themes identified included combat-related gender specific experiences and additional gender themes related to learning in a male-dominated military education environment. Nine female active duty Army officers who were attending CGSC participated in this research with each having a minimum of two combat tours. In addition, two active duty Army CGSC military instructors with multiple combat tours and two behavioral counselors specializing in military patients were also interviewed. The findings of this case study indicated that combat experiences affect t a degree the female students who served in the Army in Iraq and Afghanistan. The level of perceived academic stress was contingent upon the impact of the CGSC classroom environment, personal combat experiences, prior education, gender related combat stress, and other factors. Also, the learning experience of female students at CGSC was influenced due to marginalization in the classroom, instructor biases, and two-female limitations. This study contributes the continued research on effects of combat on adult learning, specifically adding to the limited works on being a female serving in the Army.
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Sandrine, Ndayambaje. "Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights : - A catalysis to combat Gender-based violence in South Africa?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412211.
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The multiple components of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), promotes women’s wellbeing and rights to a life free from discrimination and violence. Gender-based violence (GBV) is a matter closely related to SRHR and affects women globally on daily basis. South Africa is estimated to score one of the highest rates of GBV in the world. This thesis aims to gain an understanding of how civil society organisations (CSOs) working with SRHR-related issues, approach South African state institutions with regard to strengthen strategies against GBV. A qualitative content analysis is adopted to analyse the CSO’s documents that frame their advocacy work against GBV and how they approach state institutions in South Africa. The results from the analysed documents are thereby examined through theoretical approaches, mainly targeting CSOs ability to translate universal human rights into local contexts, and contributions to social justice. The analysed documents reveal that the selected CSOs mobilise their advocacy against GBV through different media platforms. Moreover, the CSO’s advocacy is presented through evidence-based research, policy briefs, articles and campaigns. Through their approaches to state institutions, the CSOs demand the state to recognise that inequality and patriarchal structures cause GBV and negatively affect women’s wellbeing. Furthermore, the selected CSOs demand fair distribution of resources that ensures women’s safety in the public sphere. In addition, the CSOs demand implementation of educational programmes with gender perspectives in all aspects of society. Finally, the CSOs demand South African state institutions to include all sectors of society in decision-making processes of strategies against GBV. Thus, state institutions can unsure proper implementation of preventative methods against GBV.
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McClure, Benjamin Taylor. "Reading Through Displacement: Functionality of the Underlying Theme in Tim O'Brien's Fiction." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42514.
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Tim O'Brien, a contemporary author writing mostly about his combat experience in Vietnam, has written eight books to date. All involve Vietnam in some wayâ overtly, for the most part. He and his stories are well known stylistically for several traits including the blurred distinctions between what actually happened and â story truth,â something that did not really happen, but is true nonetheless. Within the story, he also blurs the line between what actually happens and what is imagined by the narrator or one of the characters; and, although he sometimes makes the distinction, he often does not. To help shed some light on this, there are a number of published interviews and articles wherein he discusses the themes, forms, and methods of his writing as well as his experiences.
Research and analysis of O'Brien and his works show that, although his stories overtly deal with a myriad of other issues and themes, the complex and specific theme of displacement caused by trauma is present in all of his work, and can even be considered the engine that drives his stories and how they work with the reader. Additionally, Oâ Brienâ s well-known method of writing is actually a subtle yet intensely effective performance and enactment of this underlying theme of displacement. When used as a reading strategy, the theme itself clarifies and unlocks several points of contention about his texts such as O'Brien's generally negative treatment of women.Master of Arts
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Halvardsson, Alicia. "Blood and Magic : A microstudy of associations between Viking Age women and their weapons." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-191152.
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This thesis discusses what associations Viking Age women and weapons had according to extant sources and how they can present in the grave material. In order to achieve this, literary sources, iconographic representations, and grave material are studied and compared in order to reach a deeper understanding of these associations and what they look like in the archaeology. The literary and iconographic source materials in this thesis are limited those from within, or shortly after, the Viking Age. The grave material in this thesis is also dated to the Viking Age and consists of weapon graves with osteologically determined inhumed females located in Gerdrup, Kaupang, Aunvoll, Nordre Kjølen, and Birka.
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Macias, Kelly. "Tweeting Away Our Blues: An Interpretative Phenomenological Approach to Exploring Black Women's Use of Social Media to Combat Misogynoir." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/25.
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In the age of social media, many Black women use online platforms and social networks as a means of connecting with other Black women and to share their experiences of social oppression and misogynoir, anti-Black misogyny. Examining the ways that Black women use technology as a tool to actively wage resistance to racial, gender and class oppression is critical for understanding their role in the human struggle for greater peace, beauty, freedom and justice. This study explored the experiences of 12 Black women in the United States and Britain who use social media for storytelling and testimony about their lives as racial and gendered minorities. The research questions were: How do Black women in the United States and Britain use social media for storytelling and testimony about their lives as Black women? What is the lived experience of using social media for this purpose? How does the experience affect them and what meaning do they find in using social media for this purpose? Using an interpretative phenomenological approach, the researcher developed findings which show that Black women experience social media as an affirming, safe space for counter storytelling, education and transformation, negotiating identity and for connection to a larger, African diasporic identity. This research serves to increase the knowledge and scholarship about how Black women challenge damaging stereotypes and restrictive social narratives and how they use social media to challenge structural and ideological violence directed at them in an effort to promote dialogue and healing.
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Glover, Courtney P. R. "Servicewomen’s Experiences of Recovery in the Aftermath of War: A Qualitative Analysis." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1441463324.
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Pulvertaft, Amelia. "Examining Discourses of Women in Ground Close Combat : How the potential for gender equality in the British Armed Forces has been limited by the construction of gender differences." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166721.
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In 1997, 70% of British Armed Forces roles were opened to women. Women were still excluded from ground close combat (GCC) roles, where the primary purpose is to close in on and kill the enemy at short range, usually under 30 metres, using weaponry or hand to hand combat. Excluding women from GCC roles in the military was covered under Section 85(4) of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975. In order to legally retain the exclusion, the European Community Equal Treatment Directive stipulated that a review of the role of women in certain ground close combat environments should be undertaken every eight years. In this study I will be using post-structural policy analysis to examine the ways the 2010 and 2016 reviews on women in ground close combat have constructed gender difference. The findings have shown that cohesion and physical capacity have been deemed essential to combat effectiveness, therefore in this study I argue that the subtexts of these “essential” factors of combat are actively limiting the potential for gender equality in the British Armed Forces.
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Ellerman, Diana Drita. "Effective Combat Leadership: How do Individual, Social, and Organizational Factors in the U.S. Army Reserve Cultivate Effective Women's Leadership in Dangerous Contexts?" Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1456154602.
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Scherkenbach, Carmen. "An Assessment of Video Advocacy as an Instrument for Change. Case Study: The Our Voices Matter Campaign to Combat Sexual Violence Against Women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21148.
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With the rise of new information and communication technologies, advocacy campaigns in development have experienced a resurgence of video as an instrument to enrich outreach efforts and build bridges, to empower marginalised groups and rescue the culture and heritage of indigenous people, and to reach decision-makers – and ultimately change policies and laws. The use of “humanising” elements through film, such as the oral testimonies of individuals, allows practitioners to transport the realities and conditions of specific localities to audiences otherwise unable to experience them directly. The present study examines the mechanisms through which video advocacy reaches audiences, looking specifically at trade-offs and knock-on effects among key stakeholders, based upon the case study of the Our Voices Matter advocacy film. The video features oral testimonies of local women survivors of rape from the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is employed to campaign for justice for women victims of sexual violence and to mobilise social change to alter the role of women in the region. In light of the multifaceted nature of video advocacy use in development, the study utilises a composite of three analysis techniques, employing the collection and critical examination of information both qualitative and quantitative in nature: A content analysis of the case study, examining the narrative and semiotic elements used by the film’s producers, was designed to complement interviews with stakeholders of the campaign. An international survey of women was conducted to shine light on how vulnerable groups across the world relate to the video in question and evaluate the effectiveness of video advocacy. The composite discussion reveals insights into video advocacy conception, strategy, and implementation, with particular emphasis on stakeholder mapping, while underscoring the potential for trade-offs and knock-on effects among stakeholder groups. The case study also provides a theoretical and practical basis for similar communication for development campaigns.
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Harsh, Mary Anne. "From muse to militant francophone women novelists and surrealist aesthetics /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1199254932.
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Cnossen, Christine Lisa. "Token or full member of the team? : an examination of the utilization and status of women in combat arms positions in the armed forces of Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3491.
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It is argued in this thesis that because of the androcentric nature of the military institution women in combat arms positions in the armed forces of Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America are or will be tokens. In order to investigate and support the hypothesis several areas of literature had to be examined and interviews undertaken with military policy-makers/advisers, recruiters and retired female brigadier generals.Chapter One examines the broad body of literature in the field of military sociology. This chapter details the history of the evolution of the military from a mercenary force to mass armies sustained by conscription through to all-volunteer forces. It also exammes the effect of technology on the military, the changing role of the military in society, and theories of occupationalization versus the institutionalization/professionalization of the armed forces.Chapter Two examines and critiques the notions of inherent female pacifism and inherent male aggression expounded within some of the feminist literature. By detailmg a cross-cultural history of women warriors and female combatants the aforementioned notions are dismissed as untenable. Chapter Three continues with a presentation of the history of the utilization of women in the armed forces of the three countries from their first unofficial presence as "camp-followers" to the present day expanded roles in combat positions.In Chapter Four the theories of tokenism utilized in this thesis are detailed. This chapter presents and assesses the definitions of "token" and "tokenism". A review of the literature of women in male-dominated occupations and women in the military as "tokens" is also undertaken.The fifth chapter details the methodology utilized in this thesis. The fieldwork and questionnaire developmental processes, the interview questionnaires, details of the respondents and the locations of the interviews, and problems encountered in the research are presented.Chapter Six involves a presentation of the results of the interviews with military policymakers/ advisers, recruiters and retired female general officers. The results are presented on a person-by-person basis followed by overall generalizations and generalizations based on country and occupational category all of which provide the impetus for the supporting of the hypothesis.It is in the eighth chapter that theory is applied to practice in that the theories and definitions of tokens and tokenism are applied to the results of the interviews and supplemented by defence document studies to support the hypothesis that because of the androcentric nature of the military institution women in combat arms positions in the armed forces of Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America are or will be tokens.
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Hall, Emily R. "From metate to combate: women in the Zapatista movement." Thesis, Boston University, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27663.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
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Almeida, Geilsa Alves. "O papel da delegacia da mulher no munic?pio de Aracaju no combate ? viol?ncia dom?stica contra a mulher." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13611.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-15This survey aims to study the importance of the Women's Police Station in gender conflicts resolution and the effectiveness in meeting to the protection and assistance to the woman who suffers domestic and family violence, whereas its relationship with the existence or not of specific programs directed to this problematic. The present work analyzes the process of implementing such public policies from empirical data collected along the Station Specialized women`s defence; focuses on the process of articulation between the plurality of actors and interests. This review is a qualitative research and part of the construction of a theoretical landmark, analyzes data documentary sources and covers a sample of the various participants. Discusses about domestic violence against women, focusing also on the issues relevant to the elucidation of this thematic, demystify the dichotomy between the public and private sphere and explicit symbolic dimension of domestic violence as a violation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms
Esta pesquisa pretende estudar a import?ncia da Delegacia da Mulher na resolu??o dos conflitos de g?nero e a efic?cia no atendimento para a prote??o e assist?ncia ? mulher que sofre viol?ncia dom?stica e familiar, considerando sua rela??o com a exist?ncia ou n?o de programas espec?ficos direcionados a essa problem?tica. O trabalho analisa o processo de implementa??o de tais pol?ticas p?blicas a partir dos dados emp?ricos coletados junto ? Delegacia Especializada de Defesa da Mulher; enfoca o processo de articula??o entre a pluralidade de agentes e de interesses. A pesquisa ? do tipo qualitativa e parte da constru??o de um marco te?rico, analisando dados de fontes documentais, e abordando uma amostra dos diversos sujeitos envolvidos. ? feita uma discuss?o sobre a viol?ncia dom?stica contra a mulher, focalizando tamb?m as quest?es relevantes para a elucida??o desta tem?tica, desmistificando a dicotomia entre a esfera p?blica e a privada, e explicitando a dimens?o simb?lica da viol?ncia dom?stica como viola??o dos direitos fundamentais do ser humano
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Akel, Georgia Lemos [UNESP]. "As conferências de políticas para as mulheres e a construção de uma política nacional de combate à violência contra a mulher." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151325.
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Esta dissertação visa discutir a efetividade das Conferências Nacionais de Política para as Mulher para a construção de uma Política Nacional de Combate à Violência contra a Mulher e para a reafirmação da mulher como um sujeito de direitos. Para tanto, apresenta um balanço das políticas adotadas pela SPM no combate à violência contra a mulher e a entrada do que é proposto nas Conferências nos Planos Plurianuais dos ministérios do governo federal. Como metodologia, serão usados os documentos do site oficial da Secretaria de Políticas para as Mulheres, através de uma comparação com o que aparece nos textos-base das Conferências, os discursos presentes nas Conferências, nos Planos Nacionais de Políticas para as Mulheres e o que efetivamente foi implementado, visando mostrar o papel das Conferências de Políticas Públicas para as Mulheres na construção de uma política nacional de combate à violência. A pesquisa realizada mostrou uma baixa influência da SPM, a principal responsável pela execução das propostas advindas das conferências, em outros ministérios e nos governos estaduais e municipais.
This dissertation aims to discuss the effectiveness of the Women's Conferences - as a means of building a National Policy to Combat Violence against Women and reaffirming women as a subject of rights. Therefore, it presents a balance of the policies adopted by SPM in the fight against violence towards women and the entry of what is proposed in the Conferences in the multiannual plans of the ministries of the Federal Government. As a methodology, the documents present on the official website of the Secretariat on Policies for Women have been used, through a comparison with what appears in the basic texts of the Conferences, the speeches present in the Conferences, in the National Plans of Policies for Women and, what was effectively implemented in order to discover the effectiveness of the Conferences on Public Policies for Women in the Construction of a National Policy to Combat Violence. The research carried out showed a low influence of PMS, the main responsible for the implementation of conferences’claims, in other ministries and in the state and municipal governments.
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Akel, Georgia Lemos. "As conferências de políticas para as mulheres e a construção de uma política nacional de combate à violência contra a mulher /." Araraquara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151325.
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Orientador: Carla Gandini Giani MartelliBanca: Patrícia Olsen
Banca: Renata Medeiros Paoliello
Resumo: Esta dissertação visa discutir a efetividade das Conferências Nacionais de Política para as Mulher para a construção de uma Política Nacional de Combate à Violência contra a Mulher e para a reafirmação da mulher como um sujeito de direitos. Para tanto, apresenta um balanço das políticas adotadas pela SPM no combate à violência contra a mulher e a entrada do que é proposto nas Conferências nos Planos Plurianuais dos ministérios do governo federal. Como metodologia, serão usados os documentos do site oficial da Secretaria de Políticas para as Mulheres, através de uma comparação com o que aparece nos textos-base das Conferências, os discursos presentes nas Conferências, nos Planos Nacionais de Políticas para as Mulheres e o que efetivamente foi implementado, visando mostrar o papel das Conferências de Políticas Públicas para as Mulheres na construção de uma política nacional de combate à violência. A pesquisa realizada mostrou uma baixa influência da SPM, a principal responsável pela execução das propostas advindas das conferências, em outros ministérios e nos governos estaduais e municipais.
Abstract: This dissertation aims to discuss the effectiveness of the Women's Conferences - as a means of building a National Policy to Combat Violence against Women and reaffirming women as a subject of rights. Therefore, it presents a balance of the policies adopted by SPM in the fight against violence towards women and the entry of what is proposed in the Conferences in the multiannual plans of the ministries of the Federal Government. As a methodology, the documents present on the official website of the Secretariat on Policies for Women have been used, through a comparison with what appears in the basic texts of the Conferences, the speeches present in the Conferences, in the National Plans of Policies for Women and, what was effectively implemented in order to discover the effectiveness of the Conferences on Public Policies for Women in the Construction of a National Policy to Combat Violence. The research carried out showed a low influence of PMS, the main responsible for the implementation of conferences'claims, in other ministries and in the state and municipal governments.
Mestre
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Carvalho, Lélia Júlia de. "Atuação do Brasil no combate ao tráfico transnacional de mulheres : análise das políticas públicas 2004 - 2014." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6837.
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O tráfico transnacional de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual é praticado por organizações criminosas que agem em âmbito transnacional, atingindo milhares de mulheres todos os anos. Suas origens retomam a idade da escravidão, e com o passar dos séculos desenvolveu-se alcançando a estrutura e a hierarquia de organizações criminosas que se tem atualmente. Esse crime se beneficia de alguns aspectos, a saber: a globalização, a vulnerabilidade de algumas mulheres, a forma de aliciamento das vítimas, as redes que se formam com o tráfico, o lucro bilionário que advém de suas atividades e, inclusive, as rotas que são utilizadas e alteradas constantemente dificultando sua descoberta. Diante dessa realidade faz-se imprescindível a atuação do Estado, para o combate, a repressão e a prevenção dessa prática delituosa, através de políticas públicas efetivas. Destaca-se que para atuar no combate a um crime de proporções transnacionais, sua realização deve-se dar de forma cooperada com demais países afetados pela ação desse crime. Dessa maneira, tem-se uma atuação mais ampla, o que possibilita maior efetividade na proteção das mulheres contra o tráfico, assim, garantindo a efetivação de seus direitos à vida, à liberdade, inclusive sexual, e à dignidade da pessoa humana. Pensando nesses objetivos, desenvolveram-se tratados e convenções internacionais, bem como ações internas, pelo Estado Brasileiro, que foram fundamentais ao combate do tráfico internacional de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual comercial. Em meio a essas ações, ressaltam-se o Protocolo de Palermo, a Política Nacional e os Planos Nacionais de Enfrentamento ao Tráfico de Pessoas. Sendo assim, para a realização desta pesquisa utilizar-se-á da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para a coleta de dados, e aplicar-se-á o método qualitativo objetivado pela análise de conteúdo para a análise desses dados, com o objetivo de verificar se as políticas públicas brasileiras de combate, prevenção e repressão do tráfico transnacional de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual comercial são efetivas em sua atuação e resultados, justificando ainda qual a importância da intervenção cooperada em âmbito nacional, entre os estados brasileiros, e internacionalmente, entre os demais países que também sofrem com a atuação desse crime, para o combate ao presente delito. Portanto, ao se indagar se são as políticas públicas brasileiras internas efetivas no combate ao tráfico transnacional de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual comercial, diante do suporte na atuação cooperada internacional, observou-se que apesar dos esforços do Brasil para o combate, repressão e prevenção ao tráfico, ainda não é o suficiente diante do avanço e estrutura que possuem as organizações criminosas que atuam nessa área, de forma que se o Brasil pretende estabelecer políticas públicas que sejam efetivas em seus objetivos diante do tráfico de mulheres, é preciso maiores investimentos; maior atenção às vítimas, inibindo sua vulnerabilidade; o estabelecimento de um banco de dados compartilhados; a atuação cooperada interna e internacionalmente. Ou seja, é necessário maior comprometimento do Brasil e do ambiente internacional no controle dos dados sobre o tráfico internacional de mulheres.
The transnational traffic of women for sexual exploitation is practiced by criminal organizations that act in transnational scope, reaching thousands of women every year. Its origins retake the age of slavery, and over the centuries it has developed reaching the structure and hierarchy of criminal organizations which now exists.This crime benefits from some aspects: globalization, the vulnerability of some women, the way victims are groomed, the networks formed with traffic, billion-dollar profit that comes from their activities and even the routes which are constantly used and altered making it difficult to discover. Therefore, it is essential that the State act to combat, repress and prevent this criminal practice through effective public policies.It should be emphasized that in order to act against a crime of transnational proportions, its accomplishment must be given in a cooperative way with other countries affected by the action of this crime.In this way, there is a broader action, which allows greater effectiveness in the protection of women against traffic, ensuring their rights to life, freedom (including sexual), and person dignity. Considering these objectives, international treaties and conventions, as well as internal actions, were developed by the Brazilian State, which were fundamental to combat the international traffic of women for sexual exploitation.Among these actions there are the Palermo Protocol, the National Policy and the National Plans to Combat Traffic of Persons.Thus, for the accomplishment of this research will be used the bibliographical and documentary technique for the data collection, and will be applied the qualitative method objectified by the analysis of content for the analysis of these data, with the objective to verify if the Brazilian public policies of combat, prevention and repression of the transnational traffic of women for sexual exploitation are effective in their performance and results, justifying also the importance of the cooperative intervention at national level, between the Brazilian states, and internationally , among other countries that also suffer with the performance of this crime, to combat this crime. Therefore, when it is questioned whether domestic Brazilian public policies are effective in combating transnational traffic of women for sexual exploitation, in the face of international cooperative support, it was observed that despite Brazil's efforts to combat and repress trafficit is still not enough considering the progress and structure of criminal organizations that operate in this area, thus, if Brazil intends to establish public policies that are effective in their goals to face trafficof women, it is necessary greater investments; attention to victims, inhibiting their vulnerability; the establishment of a shared database; national and international cooperated work.
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Ferretti, Marco Antonio de Carvalho. "A formação da lutadora: estudo sobre mulheres que praticam modalidades de luta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39134/tde-30052011-084826/.
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Meninas e meninos são educados para agirem de formas opostas em diversos campos. A maioria dos meninos aprende a gostar de atividades agressivas e competitivas, ao passo que elas aprendem a gostar de atividades rítmicas ou relacionadas às tarefas domésticas, atividades estas que pouco se assemelham às lutas. Com o intuito de identificar os sujeitos e as instituições que influenciam a vida das lutadoras, realizaram-se entrevistas com cinco lutadoras que foram campeãs mundiais ao menos uma vez em sua modalidade. A análise dos dados foi por meio da dialética. Na infância, as lutadoras brincavam juntamente com os meninos, mas não deixaram de participar de brincadeiras socialmente classificadas como femininas. Não foram estigmatizadas nas aulas de Educação Física por serem habilidosas, mas o foram fora dessas aulas. Ao ingressarem na modalidade, elas não foram cobradas por resultados. Por serem grandes lutadoras, não tiveram dificuldades em serem aceitas em um ambiente de treino predominantemente masculino; assim, elas disputam o espaço entre eles, embora os homens se esforcem para manter a superioridade masculina. Algumas federações, confederações e organizadores de campeonatos premiam as mulheres de forma inferior em relação aos homens, o que caracteriza discriminação de gêneroGirls and boys have been taught by society in order to behave and act in opposite ways within many social situations. Since very young most of the boys learn how to enjoy aggressive and competitive activities like martial arts, while girls are socialized to perform activities more connected to dance and household tasks those which have no relationship to the world of competitiveness, sports and martial arts. Considering these issues, in this thesis I have searched for the sports life of high performance sports women who practice martial arts. My aim was to identify people and institutions which have influenced these fighter\'s life. I did indepth interviews with five fighters who were world championships at least once in their kind of martial arts and combat sports, such as boxing, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, karate and taekwondo. The data collected within the interviews were analyzed using the dialectics method. The data have revealed that these fighters played with boys in their childhood; however, they also played games considered by the society as girls games. Their good physical skills have pushed many prejudice against them, however the prejudice have never shown up during their Physical Education classes in their schools. When they started to perform martial arts, there were no pressure for good outcomes. As they were very talented, these athletes have not faced too many obstacles inside the masculine world of the martial arts, its practices and social environment. However, men fighters have always tried to display their masculine power and superiority while practicing with these women. The data also revealed that National and local Federations discriminate women athletes by paying lesser rewards to them than to the men athletes at the end of the competitions
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Nunes, Ana Carolina Almeida Santos. "Análise de arranjos de implementação de políticas públicas de combate à violência contra mulheres em municípios de pequeno porte." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
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Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Gabriela Spanghero LottaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas, 2017.
O presente trabalho analisa os arranjos de implementação de políticas públicas de enfrentamento à violência contra mulheres em Afogados da Ingazeira ¿ PE e Palmeira das Missões ¿ RS, dois municípios de pequeno porte, partindo das premissas estabelecidas pela Lei Maria da Penha e pelo Pacto Nacional pelo Enfrentamento à Violência Contra as Mulheres. Por meio de uma adaptação das abordagens de análise dos arranjos institucionais e de modelos de coprodução de políticas públicas, estabeleceu-se quatro dimensões para a análise desses arranjos: (a) articulação entre setores de políticas públicas, (b) subsidiariedade federativa e relação entre Poderes, (c) participação e parceria com a sociedade civil e (d) tratamento dado à dimensão territorial. O trabalho aponta para a complexidade dos contextos de implementação em municípios pequenos, realidade pouco explorada no âmbito das análises de políticas públicas de gênero. Os casos analisados mostram que os Organismos de Políticas para Mulheres (OPM) coordenados por gestoras com capacidade técnica e política promovem a integração horizontal dessas políticas; a capacidade de implementação dos municípios é influenciada pela atuação do OPM estadual, que pode acompanhar as agendas e dar suporte técnico e financeiro às Prefeituras; o atendimento às mulheres ainda depende muito dos equipamentos de Assistência Social, o que reforça a necessidade da gestão intersetorial; a adaptação das políticas públicas às dinâmicas do território está intrinsecamente ligada à participação da sociedade civil; e a proatividade do Poder Judiciário pode impulsionar ações do Executivo e amparar mulheres que não são atendidas por falta de atuação da Prefeitura.
This work analyses the implementation arrangements of public policies to address violence against women in Afogados da Ingazeira ¿ PE and Palmeira das Missões ¿ RS, two small municipalities, starting from the premises determined by Maria da Penha Law and the National Pact for Combating of Violence Against Women. Through an adaptation of the analytical approaches of institutional arrangements and public policies co-production models, four dimensions were determined for the analysis of the arrangements: (a) articulation between public policy sectors, (b) federal subsidiarity and relation between Powers, (c) participation and partnership with civil society and (d) comprehension of the territorial dimension. The investigation points to the complexity of the implementation contexts in small municipalities, a reality that raises little awareness in the analyses of gender policies. The analysed cases show that the Women¿s Policies Bodies (WPB) coordinated by managers with technical and political capacities promote the inter-sectoral integration of these policies; the municipalities¿ implementation capacities are influenced by the performance of the state level WPB, which is able to follow the agendas and give technical and financial to the City Halls; the service for these women still relies heavily on equipments managed by the social assistance policies, which reinforces the need for inter-sectoral management; adapting public policies to territorial dynamics is intrinsecally linked to the participation of civil society; and the proactivity of the Judiciary Branch can boost the Executive actions and support women who are not served due to the City Hall¿s low performance.
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Carneiro, Valnêda Cássia Santos. "O combate institucional da violência contra a mulher: estudo comparativo entre Brasil, Portugal e Espanha na implantação de Políticas Públicas." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456730/235.
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Em um momento histórico de grande difusão e de promulgação de leis específicas no Brasil, em Portugal e na Espanha, a violência contra a mulher ganha território de lutas, efetividade e avanços nas relações cotidianas. Através de uma abordagem teórico-jurídica, baseada nas letras jurídicas dos três países, objetiva-se realizar estudo comparativo com recorte na primeira década do milênio. Analisam-se, então, esses conceitos – poder, violência e instituições - conforme aparecem no contexto jurídico, a fim de evidenciar os instrumentos legais instituídos para implementar a proteção da mulher e um olhar mais apurado acerca das relações de gênero. Devido a semelhanças culturais, as leis brasileiras, portuguesas e espanholas acerca deste assunto são examinadas e comparadas. Dentro da linha de pesquisa Família e Sociedade, essa tese insere-se ainda na evidência da incapacidade do Direito em produzir efetiva proteção e fazer reconhecer a equivalência social entre a mulher e o homem, almejando um tratamento mais profundo e multidisciplinar. Constrói-se um quadro de interpretação calcado no elaborado por Göran Therborn ao estudar a diminuição da fertilidade das mulheres na França e nos Estados Unidos e respaldado nas conexões entre um fenômeno macroscópico e as inumeráveis decisões individuais que, em conjunto, vão constituí-lo. Com esta metodologia, evidencia-se que apenas a legislação, embora necessária, não é suficiente para acabar com a violência contra a mulher. A conditio sine qua non é a mudança de uma atitude cultural enraizada, de modo a permitir que se implante uma cosmovisão em que mulheres e homens sejam igualmente reconhecidos como livres e equivalentes.
The passing of laws aimed to protect women against violence in Brazil. Portugal and Spain, airs this issue and favors a forward movement of women’s fight for efficacy and advances in everyday gender relationships. Through a law-theoretical approach owing to the juridical thought from these countries, this work aims to make a comparative study in the matter suitable to the historical circumstances in this first decade of the millennium. So, concepts as power, violence and institutions are analyzed in a law perspective to exhibit the juridical tools created to implement women’s protection and a deeper sight in gender relationships as well. Owing to cultural similarities Brazilian, Portuguese and Spanish laws on this matter are reviewed and compared. In consonance with the research program on Family and Society, this thesis provides the evidence of factual inability of law to produce effective protection and to acknowledge social equivalence between women and men, which leds to a deeper multidisciplinary approach. An interpretation scheme was built following the one created by Göran Therborn when studying the diminishing of fertility among women in France and United States. Therborn’s scheme is grounded on the connection between macroscopic phenomena and multiple individual decisions laying beneath it, which is the case in violence against women within a traditionally male-centered society. Through this methodology it was evidenced that law itself, even though needed, is not enough to preclude violence against women. A radical change in a deep-rooted cultural attitude is conditio sine qua non to establish a worldview in which women and men could be equally recognized as free and equivalent.
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Lima, Marwyla Gomes de. "Lei Maria da Penha em Natal / RN: limites e possibilidades no combate ? viol?ncia de g?nero contra a mulher." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17895.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-30Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Cotidianamente, as mulheres s?o v?timas de uma viol?ncia espec?fica perpetrada pelos companheiros. Esses, tomados pelo sentimento de posse, superioridade e domina??o, a praticam contra a mulher, na esfera de uma rela??o ?ntima de afeto, no ?mbito dom?stico onde se d?o as rela??es de familiaridade. Esse tipo espec?fico de crime foi, no dia 06 de outubro de 2006, contemplado com o advento da Lei 11.340/06, conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha, que ? a primeira Lei espec?fica de combate a viol?ncia de g?nero praticada as mulheres. Essa viol?ncia foi por muitos anos invisibilizada, sendo somente na d?cada de 70, ap?s o acontecimento de v?rios crimes passionais que ocorreram nesse per?odo, que o movimento feminista conseguiu, por interm?dio de v?rios atos p?blicos, publicizar a viol?ncia de g?nero perpetrada as mulheres. A partir da d?cada de 80, as feministas come?aram a lutar pelas primeiras pol?ticas p?blicas de combate a essa viol?ncia, o que proporcionou a cria??o da primeira DEAM que, apesar de representar uma grande conquista para as mulheres por criminalizar os atos de viol?ncia, sem uma lei espec?fica para lhe dar suporte, e tendo em vista que os profissionais que nela atuavam n?o eram sensibilizados(as) para compreender o comportamento amb?guo das mulheres - de sa?da e retorno da rela??o-, pouco se avan?ou nesse sentido. Em 2005, o Poder Judici?rio preocupado com a falta de celeridade processual e entendendo que a concilia??o seria uma proposta vi?vel para seu desafogamento, promulgou a Lei 9.099/95 fazendo surgir no pa?s a figura dos Juizados Especiais Criminais, constitu?dos para julgar os crimes de menor potencial ofensivo, onde foi abarcado o crime de viol?ncia de g?nero contra a mulher, constituindo um retrocesso na luta pelo fim dessa viol?ncia. Em 2006, com o advento da Lei Maria da Penha, surgem a figura dos Juizados de Viol?ncia Dom?stica e Familiar Contra a Mulher, com compet?ncia civil e criminal devolvendo ?s DEAM?s seu objeto prim?rio de interven??o e retomando o Inqu?rito policial. Em Natal, resultado da pesquisa realizada com 5 profissionais das ?reas jur?dico/policial, p?de-se obter como resultado que, os(as) aplicadores de ambas as ?reas tem um entendimento limitado acerca da categoria g?nero, fundamental para entender esse tipo penal; apenas um, dos cinco entrevistados n?o foram capacitados para aplicarem a Lei; que apesar da exist?ncia de uma rede social de apoio ?s v?timas, essa n?o se d? de forma articulada; que a maior prote??o ofertada ? v?tima ? a casa-abrigo e outras medidas protetivas de urg?ncia. Entre tantos limites encontrados para aplica??o da Lei, est?o: a falta de uma estrutura adequada, falta de um trabalho com o agressor e o fato da Lei ser condicionada a representa??o da ofendida. Entre os avan?os, p?de-se destacar as medidas protetivas de urg?ncia como sendo aquilo de mais inovador e ?gil proporcionado pela Lei
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Capovilla, Silmara Helena. "Mapeamento de experiências existentes nas universidades federais no combate à violência de gênero e contra as mulheres : subsídios para a construção do Observatório de Gênero Mulheres e Violência na UFSCar." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9072.
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Não recebi financiamento
The research aims to raise some innovative actions found in Brazilian federal universities that have as a proposal the fight against gender violence and against women. The idea is that the study contributes to the creation of administrative and pedagogical practices that allow the constitution of projects and alternative solutions for the management of conflicts of gender relations within the universities themselves. For the survey of these actions we opted for an exploratory, bibliographical and documentary qualitative research that made use of the content analysis. From the material analyzed, the categories were defined: consolidated successful experiences and recent successful experiences developed by these universities in relation to the fight against gender violence and against women. As a result, the research demonstrates that there is a need for collection, organization, treatment and continuous dissemination of information generated by the IFES. The proposal of intervention of this research is therefore the conception of a Gender, Women and Violence Observatory for the Extension Project ACIEPE / Women in the Public Administration of the Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar seeking partnerships with SAADE, NIASE, LAPREV, Nucleus of studies YOU WANT that are located in UFSCar, as well as to promote rapprochement with the community of São Carlos. The objective of the creation of the Observatory is to promote the identification of policies to combat violence, the mapping of host networks, the monitoring of indicators, the preparation of proposals and the availability of relevant information found on the subject in the federal universities surveyed. Organized and systematic for different audiences. For praxis to happen, it is necessary to understand the path taken by women and men, specifically in the academic world in the fight against violence against women.
A pesquisa tem como perspectiva levantar algumas ações inovadoras encontradas nas universidades federais brasileiras que tenham como proposta o combate à violência de gênero e contra as mulheres. A ideia é que o estudo contribua para a criação de práticas administrativas e pedagógicas, que permitam a constituição de projetos e soluções alternativas para a gestão dos conflitos das relações de gênero dentro das próprias universidades. Para o levantamento dessas ações se optou por uma pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e documental, qualitativa que fez o uso da análise de conteúdo. A partir do material analisado foram definidas as categorias: experiências exitosas consolidadas e experiências exitosas recentes desenvolvidas por essas universidades em relação ao combate à violência de gênero e contra as mulheres. Como resultado, a pesquisa demonstra que há necessidade de práticas de coleta, organização, tratamento e disseminação contínua de informações geradas pelas IFES. A proposta de intervenção dessa pesquisa é, portanto, a concepção de um Observatório de Gênero, Mulheres e Violência para o Projeto de Extensão ACIEPE/Mulheres na Administração Pública da Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar buscando parcerias com a SAADE, NIASE, LAPREV, núcleo de estudos QUERERES que estão localizados na UFSCar, bem como promover aproximação com a comunidade de São Carlos. O objetivo da criação do Observatório é promover a identificação de políticas de combate à violência, o mapeamento de redes de acolhimento, o acompanhamento de indicadores, elaboração de propostas e a disponibilização de informações relevantes encontradas sobre o tema nas universidades federais pesquisadas, disponibilizando de forma organizada e sistemática para diferente públicos. Para que a práxis aconteça é preciso compreender o caminho trilhado por mulheres e homens, especificamente no mundo acadêmico no combate a violência contra a mulher.
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Serrato, Margie. "Fighting with Gender: Understanding the Contemporary Combat Experiences of Servicewomen and Servicemen in the United States Military." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149622.
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Since the integration of women into the United States armed forces, servicemen have been expected to be the fighters while servicewomen largely occupied safe or nurturing support roles as dictated by American society at large. The ground combat exclusion policy, which officially barred women from all positions involving ground fighting, limited women to support units which, in theory, were strategically located in the rear and far removed from the dangers of the front lines. As we experienced in the recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the differentiation of gender roles became irrelevant in asymmetrical wars with no established front lines. Female soldiers found themselves in a variety of combat situations of indirect and direct nature, as I learned through the qualitative interviews that I conducted at Fort Hood, Texas, and Fort Bragg, North Carolina.
In this dissertation, I examined the narratives of female and male soldiers who experienced combat in Afghanistan and Iraq, to discern: 1) whether females and males discussed their scenarios differently; 2) whether experiencing combat affected soldiers’ ideas about their various gender roles; 3) whether perceptions on servicewomen’s combat participation differed by sex; and 4) whether soldiers’ opinions on women’s inclusion in combat arms military occupation specialties differed by sex. What I found in my study was that: 1) female and male soldiers largely discussed their combat experiences in similar ways; 2) while familial gender roles were largely unchanged as a result of combat deployment, the majority of female and male soldiers perceived changes in their roles as women and men – where women often discussed feeling stronger, empowered, and independent, and men often identified their changes in terms of maturity and personal growth; 3) that exposure to women’s roles in combat deployments had a more positive effect on the perceptions of male soldiers than those of female soldiers; and 4) that both female and male participants largely disagreed with the ground combat exclusion policy for women.
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"Silent Combat: Gendered Applications of Female Imagery in France, 1789-1944." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14494.
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abstract: This thesis addresses the concept of "silence" in Vercors' 1943 novel on resistance in occupied France, The Silence of the Sea, contesting the arguments of scholars who designate silent resistance as expressly "female" and applicable only to women. Although women in France were supposed to be apolitical and removed from activities such as public debates and direct warfare, an examination of allegorical and historical female figures, together with male and female interpretations of those figures, suggests that men and women in France understood patriotism, and especially female patriotism, through a conceptual framework that was informed by and manifested itself in female images of the French Republic. My study on the gendered applications of female images focuses upon the French use of female allegorical figures, and resistance symbols such as the Lorraine Cross, to denote opposition to the Prussian/German acquisition of lands that the French people perceived as French, exploring commonalities between images from the Franco-Prussian War and World War II. Utilizing images relating to the republican values of liberty, equality, and fraternity, including Marianne, the female allegory of the people's Republic, and Joan of Arc, a historical character who became a female allegorical figure, this thesis argues that female allegories of republican resistance to tyranny were combined with resistance to Prussia (Germany) during the "Terrible Year" of 1870-1871. Furthermore, these images combined masculine militant elements, with perceived feminine qualities such as purity and saintly endurance, giving rise to divergent interpretations of female imagery among men and women, and a perceived association between women and silent, indirect resistance. Bourgeois men applied the militant aspects of female images to real women in abstract form. However, with the German annexation of Alsace-Lorraine, resistance techniques and symbols that had been gendered feminine gained precedence and became associated with men as well as women. Recent scholars have utilized the masculine/feminine dichotomy in French female allegories to classify World War II-era resistance as either "active" or "passive," failing to consider the conflation of the masculine/temporal and feminine/spiritual spheres in Vercors' novel and in documents such as "Advice to the Occupied."Dissertation/Thesis
M.A. History 2011
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Rosenberg, Holly A. "Women combatants in the United States Navy : a victory for equal opportunity." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35204.
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The issue of Navy women in combat has been widely discussed
since women first served during World War I. In this paper I intend to
present the political, philosophical, and historical reasoning behind the
changing of the regulations to allow women in combat.
History shows that the Navy has faced political, social, moral and
ethical problems of this nature before and has successfully dealt with
them. The political interests are highly varied and are a significant force
in the debate. Reasons for and against allowing Navy women to serve in
combat positions cover such concerns as physical and psychological
abilities, the technical nature of warfare, and the need for a larger youth
cohort.
In January of 1994, the time had come for combat exclusion
statutes to be repealed and for the Navy to admit women into combat
roles. The issue was at the forefront of the Clinton Administration's
agenda and a strong public constituency was in support of eliminating
the unethical practices of sexual harassment, fraternization, and other
forms of gender related favoritism. The role of women in society, as a
whole, had progressed from politically weak positions as homemaker and
childbearer to highly influential positions as industry executives and
congressional representatives. These elements, coupled with the Navy's
historically documented ability to deal effectively with issues of equal
opportunity and integration, were the driving force behind the changes.
Gender integration will take time and undergo significant growing
pains, but with continued support from political and military leadership,
proper training of the troops, and the desire to win, the Navy will achieve
victory in developing a gender-neutral fleet.Graduation date: 1995
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Buydens, Sarah Louise. "The lived experience of women veterans of the Canadian Forces." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1670.
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Research was conducted using hermeneutic-phenomenology and semi-structure interviews to explore and understand the lived experience of women veterans of the Canadian Forces. Women recently entered Canadian military combat positions, taking on a profession historically exclusively occupied by men. Due to the lack of research on women veterans of the Canadian Forces, knowledge was drawn from research about women in nontraditional work, American paramilitary and military occupations, as well as an historical review of women’s involvement in the Canadian Forces, to provide context to the research themes. Participants comprised of 6 women veterans who described 11 essential and 4 significant themes. Unique contributions to literature include essential themes such as, Slut or a lesbian, take your pick, Proving I’m good enough, Trying to be treated better, Got some support, Visible and singled out, Perpetual outsider, Given gender based tasks or opportunities, and Women demeaned. Suggestions for future studies and implications for counselling practice are discussed.
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Osborne, Jaquelyn. "Sport, games, women and warriors: an historical and philosophical examination of the early Irish Ulster cycle." Thesis, 2010. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/16108/.
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This thesis identifies the early Irish Ulster Cycle of tales as a rich source of information relating to the nature and significance of sport-like activity in the ancient world. Taking the tales of the Ulster Cycle as its data, this thesis adopts a method of analysis which combines aspects of historical and postmodern philosophical processes. The relationships between and among sport, history, truth and fiction are investigated in determining the contribution that the early Irish Ulster Cycle of tales might offer the historian of sport. Central to this notion is the idea that an examination of the role and significance that sport-like activity plays in the Ulster tales might help produce useful and interesting descriptions and understandings of sport in general and sport history in particular. This thesis addresses several aspects of the role of sport-like activity in the tales, namely: the role of sport-like activity in the development of the Celtic „hero‟; the connection between sport-like activity and combat; the use of sport-like activity in gaining and maintaining social status; and, the role of women in the physical development of the hero. This thesis asserts some important conclusions regarding sport and games in the Ulster tales and their contribution to sport history. The Ulster tales do indeed contain salient references to sport-like activity. Sport-like activity plays a critical role in the definition and status of a warrior. The tales provide evidence of specialised warrior training and an identifiable pattern of martial education of which sport-like activity is a central component. Several women are trained in martial arts and play a primary role in the latter stages of the physical and martial education of warriors. Finally, the sport-like activity in the tales can be seen to contain evidence of an early sport ethic. In essence, this thesis offers a fresh contribution to the understanding of sport in the ancient world by way of an examination of the sport-like activity in the early Irish Ulster tales.
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Bolonha, Ludmila Melo da Costa. "O papel das mulheres no combate à insegurança alimentar: um estudo de caso na sociedade Felupe da Guiné-Bissau." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/8341.
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A segurança alimentar em África tem sido ameaçada por várias condicionantes
externas e internas como a crise mundial económica e financeira, as mudanças climáticas ou
as migrações. A “crise dos cereais” de 2007-2008, que levou à inflação dos preços dos
alimentos, com consequências graves para muitas populações, veio reforçar as preocupações
em relação aos riscos de insegurança alimentar em vários países do continente.
Os felupes são uma sociedade do Norte da Guiné-Bissau, que se dedica à agricultura,
nomeadamente ao cultivo de arroz, e que é afectada por várias destas condicionantes. É
através do cultivo do arroz que os felupes garantem a sua segurança alimentar sendo que o
arroz tem também um papel essencial na estrutura da sociedade. No entanto, factores como as
alterações climáticas e as migrações têm ameaçado constantemente esta actividade e os
felupes desenvolveram várias estratégias para fazer face a estas pressões. As mulheres têm
assumido um papel preponderante nestas estratégias, tendo o seu papel tradicional mudado.
Esta tese tem como objectivo compreender as estratégias utilizadas pelas mulheres
felupes para combater a insegurança alimentar na sociedade felupe. As mulheres sempre
tiveram um importante papel na actividade agrícola que se estendia desde o cultivo até a
comercialização dos produtos, cumprindo um calendário de trabalho bastante rigoroso. Com
as pressões a que esta sociedade tem estado sujeita, as mulheres foram desenvolvendo
estratégias para fazer face aos desafios: foram acumulando novas tarefas que dantes não
assumiam, foram adaptando as técnicas de produção através da escolha de tipo de sementes
diferentes e, acima de tudo, foram-se organizando de forma diferente para melhor fazer face
ao desafio de garantir a segurança alimentar das suas famílias.Food security in Africa has been threatened by internal and external pressure factors such as the world economic and financial crises, climate change and migration. The “cereal crisis” of 2007-2008, who led to food price inflation was another such factor which had several consequences for many populations and brought again to the international fore concerns about food insecurity in several African countries. The Joola/felupe is a society of Northern Guinea-Bissau, whose main activity is agriculture namely rice production and who is greatly affected by these pressure factors. It is through rice cultivation that the felupe ensure their food security, but rice has also a key role in the structure of society. Factors such as climate change and migration are increasingly putting pressure on this activity and the felupe have developed several strategies to overcome them. Women have assumed key roles in these strategies, their traditional roles having been changed as a result. The objective of this thesis is to understand the strategies implemented by felupe women to fight food insecurity. Women have always had an important role in agricultural performing diverse activities which ranged from cultivation to commercialization, following a very rigorous working timetable. To face the pressures on food security, women have developed several coping strategies: these include performing activities that were not traditionally assigned to them, adapting agricultural production techniques by choosing, for instance, different types of seeds and, above all, by organizing and strengthening women’s associations so that together they are better equipped to ensure the food security of their families and community.
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Santos, Aracelli de Freitas. "As políticas públicas portuguesas e brasileiras na prevenção e combate ao tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual: o caso português." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/21825.
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O problema do Tráfico de Pessoas, especificamente do tráfico de mulheres entre Brasil e Portugal (inserido no espaço da União Europeia), não é um fenómeno novo,
mas é perceptível que nas últimas décadas se têm aperfeiçoado estratégias e políticas, como mudanças nos Planos Nacionais contra o Tráfico de Pessoas, no Brasil e em
Portugal.
O tema é de bastante relevância e atualidade e insere-se numa das temáticas no
âmbito da Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais, pois tem influência no campo diplomático entre Brasil e Portugal.
Esta pesquisa tem como objectivo central avaliar as mudanças responsáveis por
moldar as políticas de prevenção e combate ao tráfico de pessoas no Brasil e em
Portugal, especificamente de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual, de forma a responder à seguinte pergunta de partida: “Diante da actual conjuntura em termos de tráfico de pessoas, houve mudanças no contexto Português no respeitante à assistência à
mulher estrangeira (nomeadamente brasileira), vítima deste crime?”
Tem-se intensificado a prevenção e a luta na última década, devido ao grande investimento no combate contra o tráfico de pessoas. A globalização permitiu que se obtivesse uma maior mobilidade nas fronteiras e, consequentemente, uma maior facilidade das ações criminosas. Destaco das conclusões que, apesar dos avanços em Portugal, em termos da transposição de normas europeias para a legislação nacional, é
nítida a necessidade de haver mais capacitação por parte dos profissionais na área da
investigação criminal, apostando no aperfeiçoamento da cooperação internacional. Por outro lado, é perceptível uma lacuna, no que tanje a legislação brasileira, que se
apresenta “desapropriada” (quanto à tipificação do crime de tráfico de pessoas), para além de ser necessário reforçar a atuação dos tratados internacionais. Por último, destaco a necessidade de reforço no apoio e acolhimento à vítima, bem como a sua inserção na sociedade de acolhimento.The problem of Human Trafficking, the trafficking of women between Brazil and Portugal (within the European Union) specifically, is not a new phenomenon. Still, it was during the last few decades that policies and strategies to counter this problem, such as the updates in the National Strategies against Human Trafficking, have become noticeable in both countries. This is a subject of great relevance and contemporaneity, and inserts itself within the field of Political Sciences and International Relations due to its influence on the diplomacy between Brazil and Portugal. It is the aim of this research to evaluate the changes responsible for shaping human trafficking prevention and combat policies in Brazil and Portugal, especially when it comes to human trafficking of women for sexual exploration, in order to answer to the question: “Facing the current human trafficking conjuncture, were there any changes in Portugal regarding the assistance provided to foreign women (namely Brazilian women) victims of this crime?” Prevention and combat of human trafficking has intensified in the last decade due to increased investment in the field. Globalization allowed for more permeable borders and, consequently, for a facilitation of cross-border criminal activities. It should be noted that, despite the advances made in Portugal when it comes to transposition of European norms to national legislation, there is a clear need of further means by criminal investigators, namely when it comes to improving international cooperation mechanisms. On the other hand, besides needing to reinforce the enactment of international treaties there is also a gap in Brazilian legislation that appears “inappropriate” (when it comes to typifying the crime of human trafficking). Finally, it should be noted the necessity of reinforcement of victim support and refuge mechanism, as well as its insertion in the refuge society.