Journal articles on the topic 'Women immigrants'
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Azoba, Chinenye, and Kala Visvanathan. "34 Use of health services and cancer screening among immigrant cancer survivors with second primary cancer." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 8, s1 (April 2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.51.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Due to clinical advances, cancer survivors are living longer but have an increased risk of a second primary cancer (SPC). This cross-sectional study aims to examine SPC prevalence in immigrant women and compare healthcare use (HCU) and cancer screening in immigrants with SPC versus (1) immigrants with a single cancer and (2) US-born women with SPC. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study population will include adult women with breast/gynecologic primary cancer (PC) from the 2005, 2008, 2010, 2013, and 2015 National Health Interview Survey. First-generation immigrant or US-born status will be defined by region of birth. SPC includes diagnosis with a second cancer type ≥1 year after the initial PC diagnosis. We will compare the prevalence of ≥1 SPC in immigrant and US-born women. To evaluate HCU and cancer screening differences, we will assess sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, risk behaviors, length of US residence, and citizenship status with descriptive statistics. In regression analyses, we will compare number of provider visits and cancer screening rates in immigrant women with SPC versus immigrants with PC alone and US-born women with SPC after matching by age and PC type. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Disparities in cancer diagnosis, quality of care, receipt of recommended treatment, and screening rates among immigrants in the US are well documented. Therefore, we hypothesize that immigrant cancer survivors will have similar or higher rates of SPC compared to women born in the US with variations based on health status. We further hypothesize that immigrants with SPC will report lower rates of HCU after diagnosis of their first cancer and cancer screening compared to US-born women. However, we expect that immigrants with SPC will report similar or higher rates of HCU and cancer screening compared to immigrant women with PC alone. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge, this study will be the first to describe SPC among immigrant cancer survivors in the US. This research will inform interventions to improve cancer care delivery and ultimately reduce SPC in immigrants with cancer.
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Schoeni, Robert F. "Labor Market Outcomes of Immigrant Women in the United States: 1970 to 1990." International Migration Review 32, no. 1 (March 1998): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839803200103.
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Forty-two percent of immigrant workers in the United States are women, yet almost all of the evidence on the economic performance of immigrants is based on analyses of men. This study begins to fill the void by examining differences in a wide array of labor market outcomes between U.S.-born and immigrant women, and among immigrant women born in different countries or regions of the world, using the 1970, 1980 and 1990 censuses. Immigrant women were less likely to participate in the labor force, and this gap increased to 7 percentage points by 1990. However, the share of self-employed and the number of weeks and hours worked among employed women were roughly the same for immigrants and natives throughout the 1970–1990 period. The gap in unemployment and weekly wages widened in favor of natives between 1970 and 1990, with a gap in median wages of 14 percent in 1990. However, immigrants born in the United Kingdom and Canada, Europe, Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, and the Middle East have had steady or improved wages and unemployment relative to U.S.-born women. At the same time, immigrants from Mexico and Central America, who now represent one-quarter of all immigrant women, have experienced relatively high unemployment and low earnings, and these differences have increased, with the wage gap reaching 35 percent in 1990. Disparities in completed years of schooling can explain a substantial share of the differences in labor market outcomes.
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Bevelander, Pieter. "The Employment Status of Immigrant Women: The Case of Sweden." International Migration Review 39, no. 1 (March 2005): 173–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00259.x.
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This article presents an exploration of the employment status of various groups of immigrant women in the Swedish labor market in the period 1970–1995. Since employment is one of the key components for the integration of immigrants, it is interesting to study what factors determine whether or not immigrants become employed after entering Sweden. Numerous studies have analyzed the labor market integration of immigrant men, whereas the integration of women still has received less attention (Ekberg, 1983, 1991; Hammarstedt, 2001; Scott, 1999). This study can be seen as a contribution to an increase in the knowledge of the labor market integration of female immigrants in Sweden.
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Harde, Roxanne. "‘What should we do in America?’: Immigrant Economies in Nineteenth-Century American Children's Fiction." International Research in Children's Literature 4, no. 1 (July 2011): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2011.0007.
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This essay examines narratives about immigrants in a sampling of nineteenth-century American children's texts and grows out of my work on reform writing by major women authors. Many of the stories they published in the leading children's periodicals seem to welcome the immigrant contributor to American society even as they defined that immigrant's place in economic/class structures. The goal of this paper is to trace certain strains of the systematic discipline by which American culture tried to manage the immigrant in terms of class. I therefore consider the role of economics in immigrant stories written for children by a number of American women writers, with analyses of the ways in which these stories situate the dependent and independent immigrant in the marketplace.
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Bhargava, Sameer, Kaitlyn Tsuruda, Kåre Moen, Ida Bukholm, and Solveig Hofvind. "Lower attendance rates in immigrant versus non-immigrant women in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Programme." Journal of Medical Screening 25, no. 3 (October 23, 2017): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141317733771.
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Objective The Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Programme invites women aged 50–69 to biennial mammographic screening. Although 84% of invited women have attended at least once, attendance rates vary across the country. We investigated attendance rates among various immigrant groups compared with non-immigrants in the programme. Methods There were 4,053,691 invitations sent to 885,979 women between 1996 and 2015. Using individual level population-based data from the Cancer Registry and Statistics Norway, we examined percent attendance and calculated incidence rate ratios, comparing immigrants with non-immigrants, using Poisson regression, following women's first invitation to the programme and for ever having attended. Results Immigrant women had lower attendance rates than the rest of the population, both following the first invitation (53.1% versus 76.1%) and for ever having attended (66.9% versus 86.4%). Differences in attendance rates between non-immigrant and immigrant women were less pronounced, but still present, when adjusted for sociodemographic factors. We also identified differences in attendance between immigrant groups. Attendance increased with duration of residency in Norway. A subgroup analysis of migrants' daughters showed that 70.0% attended following the first invitation, while 82.3% had ever attended. Conclusions Immigrant women had lower breast cancer screening attendance rates. The rationale for immigrant women's non-attendance needs to be explored through further studies targeting women from various birth countries and regions.
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Schieckoff, Bentley, and Claudia Diehl. "The labor market participation of recently-arrived immigrant women in Germany." Journal of Family Research 33, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 322–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-462.
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Objective: This article investigates the role of motivation in female immigrants' labour force participation. Focusing on recently-arrived immigrants (who have resided in the host country for 18 months or less), we compare the outcomes of two different ethnic groups in Germany: Poles and Turks.
Background: The immigrant integration literature tends to focus on the role of resources in immigrant labour market integration. However, when examining particularly the labour force participation of female immigrants, their motivation for joining the labour force is also important. Previous studies of female immigrants in Germany have often neglected this consideration, which includes aspects like culturally-specific gender values and perceived ethnic discrimination.
Method: We use data from the SCIP project (Diehl et al., 2015) to conduct logistic regressions on female immigrants’ labour force participation. Our sample includes 829 female immigrants from Poland and Turkey between the ages of 18-60, who were either active in the labour force or were 'at risk' of entering.
Results: In line with previous studies, our analysis shows that female immigrants' labour market resources, mainly their prior work experience and German proficiency, greatly reduce the ethnic gap in labour force participation rates. Moreover, motivational factors have a large impact on this outcome for both groups, and greatly enhance the picture that our empirical models present. However, we find no evidence that perceived ethnic discrimination plays an important role.
Conclusion: Our analysis indicates that when seeking to understand the labour market participation of female immigrants, their resources and motivation should be seen as key components of a gender-sensitive analysis.
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Alvarez, K., B. Cook, F. Montero Bancalero, Y. Wang, T. Rodriguez, N. Noyola, A. Villar, A. Qureshi, and M. Alegria. "Gender and immigrant status differences in the treatment of substance use disorders among US Latinos." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.453.
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US Latinos have higher rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) than Latinas, but Latinas face substantial barriers to treatment and tend to enter care with higher SUD severity. Immigrant Latinas may face greater barriers to care than native-born despite lower overall SUD prevalence. This study aimed to identify how SUD treatment needs of Latinos are addressed depending on patient gender and immigrant status within an urban healthcare system serving a diverse population.MethodsData from electronic health records of adult Latino/a primary care patients (n = 29,887 person-years) were used to identify rates of SUD treatment in primary and specialty care. Treatment characteristics and receipt of adequate care were compared by gender and immigrant status.ResultsTobacco was the most frequently treated substance followed by alcohol and other drugs. Forty-six percent of SUD patients had a comorbid psychiatric condition. Treatment rates ranged from 2.52% (female non-immigrants) to 8.38% (male immigrants). Women had lower treatment rates than men, but male and female immigrants had significantly higher treatment rates than their non-immigrant counterparts. Receipt of minimally adequate outpatient care varied significantly by gender and immigrant status (female non-immigrants 12.5%, immigrants 28.57%; male non-immigrants 13.46%, immigrants 17.09%) in unadjusted and adjusted analyses.DiscussionResults indicate overall low prevalence of SUD treatment in the healthcare system. Low rates of minimally adequate care evidence the challenge of delivering integrated behavioral healthcare for Latinos with SUD. Results also demonstrate gender and immigrant status disparities in an unexpected direction, with immigrant women receiving the highest rates of adequate care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Lee, Rennie. "Gendered Pathways: Employment Behavior among Family-Based and Skill-Based Immigrants in the United States." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 8 (January 2022): 237802312211443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231221144354.
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The United States is the only country to admit the majority of its immigrants on the basis of kinship ties. Although policy makers typically view family migration as less favorable and assume that family immigrants do not contribute to the U.S. economy, this argument is oversimplified and ignores the role of gender and the various ways that family immigration works. This study captures the multiple aspects of immigrants’ entry visas and its intersection with gender to examine the employment behavior of college-educated immigrant men and women who arrived in the United States via several family-based and skill-based categories. Using nationally representative data from 2010, 2013, and 2015 National Survey of College Graduates, the author finds that immigrants’ initial entry pathways into the United States continue to stratify their employment behavior and trajectories, especially for immigrant women. The conditions of family-sponsored immigration matter; temporary migration as a spouse is negatively associated with immigrant women’s employment but not permanent family migration.
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Kirchner, Teresa, and Camila Patiño. "Latin-American Immigrant Women and Mental Health: Differences according to their Rural or Urban Origin." Spanish journal of psychology 14, no. 2 (November 2011): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n2.31.
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Spain is one of the EU countries that receive most immigrants, especially from Latin America. The process of migration implies a high level of stress what may have repercussions for the mental health of immigrants. The purposes of this study were: (a) to determine whether the degree of mental health of immigrant women differs according to their rural or urban origin, (b) to compare the mental health of immigrant women with that of the female normative sample of host population (Spain). A sample of 186 Latin American immigrant women (142 from urban areas and 44 from rural areas) was recruited in Barcelona by means of a consecutive case method. A structured interview and the SCL-90-R were administered. The results indicated that the immigrant women from rural origin reported higher levels of psychological symptomatology than those from urban areas. Immigrants reported higher levels of psychological symptomatology than the native female population and in most of the psychological symptoms exceeded 90% of the native Spanish population. Migration is a powerful stressor which may lead to psychological distress. Being female of rural origin and being in an illegal situation is related with an increase in symptomatology.
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Kahn, Joan R. "Immigrant and Native Fertility during the 1980s: Adaptation and Expectations for the Future." International Migration Review 28, no. 3 (September 1994): 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839402800304.
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This article compares both the fertility behavior and expectations for future childbearing of foreign and native-born women in the United States using data from the 1980 U.S. Census and the 1986 and 1988 June Current Population Surveys. The goals are to first analyze the sources of the growing fertility gap between immigrant and native women and then to explore the extent to which immigrants adapt (or intend to adapt) their fertility once in the United States. The results show that the immigrant-native fertility gap has increased during the 1980s – not because immigrant fertility has increased, but rather because fertility dropped at a faster rate for natives than for immigrants. The relatively high fertility of immigrants compared to natives can be completely explained by compositional differences with respect to age, education, income and ethnicity. The two analyses of adaptation showed somewhat different results. The synthetic cohort analysis, which traced the fertility behavior of a fixed cohort of immigrants during the 1980s, found little evidence of adaptation or assimilation, except for Southeast Asian immigrants. On the other hand, the analysis of fertility expectations suggests that although immigrants ‘expect’ to have higher fertility than similar natives, they tend to adapt their fertility ‘goals’ over time, both within and across generations.
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Read, Jen’nan Ghazal, and Megan M. Reynolds. "Gender Differences in Immigrant Health." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 53, no. 1 (February 16, 2012): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146511431267.
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This article draws on theories of gender inequality and immigrant health to hypothesize differences among the largest immigrant population, Mexicans, and a lesser known population of Middle Easterners. Using data from the 2000-2007 National Health Interview Surveys, we compare health outcomes among immigrants to those among U.S.-born whites and assess gender differences within each group. We find an immigrant story and a gender story. Mexican and Middle Eastern immigrants are healthier than U.S.-born whites, and men report better health than women regardless of nativity or ethnicity. We identify utilization of health care as a primary mechanism that contributes to both patterns. Immigrants are less likely than U.S.-born whites to interact with the health care system, and women are more likely to do so than men. Thus, immigrant and gender health disparities may partly reflect knowledge of health status rather than actual health.
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Li, Qianqian, Meizhi Du, John C. Knight, Yanqing Yi, Qi Wang, Peizhong Peter Wang, and Yun Zhu. "Dental Insurance Coverage, Dentist Visiting, and Oral Health Status among Asian Immigrant Women of Childbearing Age in Canada: A Comparative Study." Healthcare 11, no. 19 (October 1, 2023): 2666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11192666.
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Objectives: This study examined the dental insurance coverage, dentist visits, self-perceived oral health status, and dental problems among Asian immigrant women of childbearing age in contrast to Canadian women of childbearing age and non-Asian immigrant women of childbearing age. Potential barriers to dental care services among Asian immigrant women were explored. Methods: This analysis utilized data from the combined Canadian Community Health Survey from 2011 to 2014. The analytical sample consisted of 5737 females whose age was between 20 and 39 years. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed immigrant status and other factors in relation to the indicators of dental health (i.e., dental visit, self-perceived oral health, acute teeth issue, and teeth removed due to decay). Results: Amongst Asian women immigrants of childbearing age, there was a significantly lower frequency of dentist visits compared to non-immigrant counterparts (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.37–0.76). The most commonly reported reason for not seeking dental care in the last three years was that the “respondent did not think it was necessary”. Relative to Canadian born women of same age bracket, Asian women of childbearing age reported fewer acute teeth issues (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49–0.91) and had a greater risk of tooth extracted due to tooth decay (OR = 3.31; 95% CI: 1.64–6.68). Furthermore, for Asian women immigrants, their major barriers to dental care included low household income (≤$39,999 vs. $40,000–$79,999 OR = 0.26) and a lack of dental insurance (no vs. yes OR = 0.33). Conclusions: Asian immigrant women showed lower utilization of dental services than non-immigrant women. A perceived lack of necessity, lower household income, and dental insurance coverage were major barriers to professional dental usage for most Asian immigrants of childbearing age.
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Gauthier, Carol-Anne. "Obstacles to socioeconomic integration of highly-skilled immigrant women." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 35, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-03-2014-0022.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of obstacles to socioeconomic integration faced by highly-skilled immigrant women (HSIW) to Quebec, followed by a discussion of Quebec’s socio-political context and interculturalism, in an effort to better situate these obstacles. With these in mind, implications for diversity management are discussed. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is largely based on a review of the immigrant integration, interculturalism and diversity management literatures pertaining to the socioeconomic integration of highly-skilled immigrants. It focusses on the socioeconomic integration of HSIW in the Quebec context. Findings – The authors find that researchers should continue to examine aspects of the social and political contexts in which immigrant integration and diversity management take place when conducting studies in these areas. The authors also encourage continued research pertaining to specific groups, as these may bring to light-specific dynamics that can lead to exclusion. Practical implications – This paper includes implications for diversity management in organizations seeking to foster inclusive practices with regards to ethnic minorities and immigrants in general, and HSIW in particular. Originality/value – The paper sheds new light on immigrant integration and diversity management in Quebec by bridging the gap between three areas of study that are interconnected but seldom discussed together: socioeconomic integration of immigrants, interculturalism and diversity management in organizations.
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Vega, Alma. "The Time Intensity of Childcare Provided by Older Immigrant Women in the United States." Research on Aging 39, no. 7 (January 12, 2016): 823–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027515626774.
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Older adults comprise an increasing share of new legal admits to the United States. While many are financially dependent on their families, a more complete picture requires taking into account the nonmonetary contributions of this population. Using the American Time Use Survey, this study examines whether older recent immigrant women provide more unpaid childcare than their native-born and more established immigrant counterparts. Results suggest that while older recent immigrant women are more likely to provide unpaid childcare, this effect is eliminated upon controlling for demographic characteristics. However, among those who do provide childcare, older recent immigrant women provide more hours of care even after controlling for demographic and household characteristics. This pattern holds up even after restricting the analysis to women living with young children. These results may signal reciprocal supportive networks. Working-age adults may financially support older recent immigrants, while older recent immigrants provide unremunerated childcare for working-age adults.
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Gabaccia, Donna. "The Transplanted: Women and Family in Immigrant America." Social Science History 12, no. 3 (1988): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200018551.
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As any casual reader of John Bodnar’s major new synthesis, The Transplanted (1985), knows, the family is the central analytical concept in this work. Bodnar (1985: xvii) asks us to see immigrants’ adjustment to life in the United States in a new way—taking place at all “the points where immigrant families met the challenges of capitalism and modernity: the homeland, the neighborhood, the school, the workplace, the church, the family and the fraternal hall.” This represents a significant change—I would argue, an advance—over earlier studies which focused on the confrontation of ethnic groups with American society, on the interaction of modern and traditional cultures, or on the peculiarities of American class struggle (Handlin, 1951; Archdeacon, 1983; Cumbler, 1986).By focusing on small family units and a large economic system, Bodnar is able to escape from the confines of the case history, which has dominated immigration history since the late 1960s. Furthermore, he is able to focus quite properly on the considerable fragmentation that characterized most immigrant communities in the United States. Because small groups of immigrants responded to capitalism, they inevitably made differing decisions, both socially and ideologically; they also supported leaders with fundamentally conflicting views of the best interests and futures for immigrant communities. Bodnar’s immigrants, in other words, are human beings who make history, although never under conditions which they themselves determined. Furthermore, they are not isolated economist decision makers.
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Greenwood, Ronni Michelle, Maura Adshead, and Sarah Jay. "Immigrant Women’s Experiences of Acculturative Stress." Psychology of Women Quarterly 41, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684317719733.
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We examined the relation of two acculturation stressors, exclusion from ordinary privileges and overt discrimination, to two indicators of psychological well-being (i.e., psychiatric symptoms and satisfaction with life) among a diverse sample of immigrant women living in Ireland ( N = 174). We grouped our sample into “visible” immigrant women of color and “nonvisible” White immigrant women. As expected, visible immigrant women reported more experiences of overt discrimination and fewer experiences of ordinary privileges than did nonvisible immigrant women. The associations of belonging to a visible immigrant group with both psychiatric symptoms and satisfaction with life were each mediated through ordinary privileges and overt discrimination. The magnitude of the two indirect effects was equal for psychiatric symptoms, but for satisfaction with life, the indirect effect through ordinary privileges was stronger. After accounting for ordinary privileges and overt discrimination, the average score for satisfaction with life was higher for visible immigrant women than for nonvisible immigrant women. These findings suggest that visible immigrant women experience exclusion from ordinary privileges to a greater extent than nonvisible immigrant women and that this type of exclusion is at least as detrimental to psychological health as more overt forms of discrimination. Our findings demonstrate the importance of attending to discrimination of both visible and nonvisible immigrants and highlight the importance of ordinary privileges to immigrants’ well-being in their countries of destination. We discuss implications for future research and social policy.
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Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Natascia Rinaldo, Meriem Khyatti, Chérifa Lakhoua, and Stefania Toselli. "Weight status, fatness and body image perception of North African immigrant women in Italy." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 15 (April 28, 2016): 2743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016000872.
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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the nutritional status of North African (NA) immigrant women in Italy, analysing their body size, adiposity and body image perception in comparison to Italian natives and NA residents.DesignThe study utilized a cross-sectional design. Anthropometric traits were directly measured and a few indices were computed as proxy measures of nutritional status and adiposity. Body image perception was assessed using silhouette drawings. ANCOVA, adjusted for age, was used to compare anthropometric traits among different groups of women and the χ2 test to analyse differences in the prevalence of nutritional status.SettingItaly and North Africa (Tunisia, Morocco).SubjectsA sample of 433 women aged 18–60 years old: NA immigrants (n 105); Italians (n 100); Tunisians (n 104); Moroccans (n 124).ResultsOverweight/obesity prevalence was very high in immigrants (79·8 %). Immigrants had the highest BMI value, the greatest hip circumference and mid upper-arm circumference. Their triceps skinfold thickness was significantly higher than that of Italians, but lower than that of NA residents.ConclusionsNA immigrant women in Italy showed a higher incidence of overweight compared with Italians and NA residents. All groups showed a preference for a thinner body in comparison to their actual bodies and the immigrants are the most dissatisfied. Immigrants remain a high-risk group for obesity. Assessment of their body composition and health risk profile should be improved by using specific anthropometric measures that are easy to collect even in the case of large migration flows.
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Tandon, P., V. Huang, D. Feig, R. Saskin, C. Maxwell, D. Fell, C. Seow, J. Snelgrove, and G. Nguyen. "A267 RECENT IMMIGRANTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE HAVE SIGNIFICANT HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION FROM PRECONCEPTION TO POSTPARTUM: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 7, Supplement_1 (February 14, 2024): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwad061.267.
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Abstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated an increase in health-care utilization, such as hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits, in immigrant people with IBD compared to non-immigrants. This may be even higher from preconception to postpartum due to heightened provider and patient concerns, though this remains to be confirmed. Aims To characterize differences in health-care utilization from preconception to postpartum amongst immigrant and non-immigrant women with IBD. Methods We accessed administrative databases to identify women (age 18-55) with IBD with a singleton pregnancy between 2003-2018. Immigration status was defined as recent (ampersand:003C 5 years of date of conception), remote (ampersand:003E5 years since date of conception), and none. Differences in ambulatory, ED, hospitalization and endoscopic visits during 12-months preconception, pregnancy and 12-months postpartum were characterized. World region of immigration origin was also ascertained. Adequate prenatal care was defined by using the validated R-GINDEX which assesses the date of first prenatal visit and total number of prenatal visits. Multivariable negative binomial regression was used to report adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) and modified Poisson regression with quasi-likelihood models and robust error variance procedures were used to report adjusted relative risks (aRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results 8880 pregnancies were included, 8304 in non-immigrants, 96 in recent immigrants, 480 in remote immigrants. Compared to non-immigrants, recent immigrants had the highest rates of IBD-specific ambulatory visits during preconception (aIRR 3.06, 95% CI, 1.93-4.85), pregnancy (aIRR 2.15, 95% CI, 1.35-3.42), and postpartum (aIRR 2.21, 1.37-3.57) and the greatest rates of endoscopy visits during preconception (aIRR 2.69, 95% CI, 1.64-4.41) and postpartum (aIRR 2.01, 95% CI, 1.09-3.70). There were no differences in ED and hospitalization visits between groups. Compared to non-immigrants, immigrant women were much less likely to have a first trimester prenatal visit (remote: aRR 0.78, 95% CI, 0.65-0.93; recent: aRR 0.61, 95% CI, 0.42-0.88) or receive adequate prenatal care (remote: aRR 0.67, 95% CI, 0.46-0.98; recent: aRR 0.46, 95% CI, 0.22-0.96). Those immigrating from the Americas, Africa, or the Middle East were the most likely to be hospitalized during pregnancy, have a postpartum endoscopy visit, and receive inadequate prenatal care. Conclusions There remain significant disparities in health-care utilization amongst immigrant women with IBD from preconception to postpartum. Health policy endeavors are required to provide standardized and equitable care to all women with IBD during these otherwise high risk periods. Funding Agencies CCC, CIHR
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Lindridge, Andrew, Lisa Peñaloza, and Onipreye Worlu. "Agency and empowerment in consumption in relation to a patriarchal bargain." European Journal of Marketing 50, no. 9/10 (September 12, 2016): 1652–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-07-2011-0365.
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Purpose This research aims to explore how female immigrants use consumption to challenge and support their husband's position within the context of their patriarchal bargain. Design/methodology/approach The sample group (n = 20) consisted of ten first-generation Nigerian immigrant married couples living in Britain, who were interviewed together, with the married female then re-interviewed separately. Findings This paper demonstrates how women transition from being a wife in a consanguine family in Nigeria, which they describe as patriarchal, to becoming one within a nuclear family in the UK, a society to which they attribute gender equality. Nigerian immigrant women alter their ways of thinking and consuming, with implications to their agency and empowerment. In particular, consumption choices demonstrated the limits of these women’s willingness to challenge their patriarchal bargain and instead often colluded with their husbands to maintain his position as the head of the family. Practical implications Immigrant women should not be seen as passive receptors of their male partner’s wishes or demands, but instead active participators in purchasing and consumption decisions. Although marketing encourages direct targeting of customers, this approach raises a number of ethical issues for female African immigrants. Originality/value Previous research on the consumption behaviour of immigrants is limited in scope and tends to focus on male immigrants, with female immigrants either invisible or stereotyped. Compounding this problem are disciplinary, geographical and linguistic barriers that hinder social scientists' research into the consumption of female migration. This paper works to address these omissions.
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Ahad, Fatema Binte, Cathleen D. Zick, Sara E. Simonsen, Valentine Mukundente, France A. Davis, and Kathleen Digre. "Assessing the Likelihood of Having a Regular Health Care Provider among African American and African Immigrant Women." Ethnicity & Disease 29, no. 2 (April 18, 2019): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.29.2.253.
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Objective: Immigrants, especially refugees, face unique barriers to accessing health care relative to native born Americans. In this study, we examined how immigration status, health, barriers to access, and knowledge of the health care system relate to the likelihood of having a regular health care provider.Methods: Using logistic regression and data from a community-based participatory study, we estimated the relative likelihood that an African immigrant woman would have a regular health care provider compared with an African American woman.Results: Immigrant status remains a powerful predictor of whether a woman had a regular health care provider after controlling for covariates. African immigrants were 73% less likely to have a regular health care provider than were otherwise similar African American women.Conclusion: Expanding health care educational efforts for immigrants may be warranted. Future research should examine how cultural beliefs and time in residence influence health care utilization among US immigrants. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):253-260; doi:10.18865/ed.29.2.253
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Bhargava, Sameer, Kåre Moen, Samera Azeem Qureshi, and Solveig Hofvind. "Mammographic screening attendance among immigrant and minority women: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 11 (February 16, 2018): 1285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185118758132.
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Background Groups of immigrant and minority women are more often diagnosed with advanced stage breast cancer than other women. Mammographic screening aims to reduce mortality from breast cancer through early detection in asymptomatic women. Purpose To compare mammographic screening attendance among immigrant and minority women to that of other women. Material and Methods A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane identified 1369 papers published between January 1995 and March 2016. In the review, we included 33 studies investigating mammographic screening attendance among immigrant and/or minority women. In a meta-analysis, we included 19 of the studies that compared attendance among immigrant and/or minority women with that among other women, using a random effects model. Results The review included studies from Europe, North America, and Oceania, with 42,666,093 observations of opportunities for mammographic screening. Attendance was generally lower among immigrant and minority women compared to other women (46.2% vs. 55.0%; odds ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval = 0.56–0.73; P < 0.05, I2 = 99.9%). Non-Western immigrants had lower attendance rates than other immigrants. Conclusion Immigrant and minority women had lower mammographic screening attendance than other women, which could potentially put them at increased risk for more advanced breast cancer. This review emphasizes the importance of continued efforts to engage with the preventative health needs of diverse populations in attempts to achieve equality in access to, and use of, care.
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Villadsen, Sarah Fredsted, Hajer Hadi, Israa Ismail, Richard H. Osborne, Claus Thorn Ekstrøm, and Lars Kayser. "ehealth literacy and health literacy among immigrants and their descendants compared with women of Danish origin: a cross-sectional study using a multidimensional approach among pregnant women." BMJ Open 10, no. 5 (May 2020): e037076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037076.
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ObjectiveTo explore ehealth literacy, ability to actively engage with healthcare providers and health system navigation among pregnant immigrant women and their descendants compared with women of Danish origin.Design and settingA cross-sectional survey at antenatal clinics in 2016, Denmark.ParticipantsPregnant women attending antenatal care (n=405).Outcome measuresThe eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ) and two domains from the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ): ability to actively engage with healthcare providers and health system navigation. Range of response options for eHLQ (1–4) and HLQ (1–5). With mixed-effect linear regressions, eHLQ and HLQ among immigrants and their descendants compared with women of Danish origin were assessed.ResultsThe response rate was 75%. The overall trend was lower ehealth literacy and HLQ domains among immigrants and their descendants compared with women of Danish origin. For ehealth literacy, the results suggest that challenges related more to digital abilities than motivation, trust and access to technology. The mean ability to engage with digital services was 3.20 (SD 0.44) for women of Danish origin. Non-Western descendants (−0.14, 95% CI −0.31 to 0.02), non-Western (−0.20, 95% CI −0.34 to −0.06) and Western (−0.22, 95% CI −0.39 to −0.06) immigrants had lower adjusted means of this outcome. No differences in motivation to engage with digital services were found for descendants (−0.00, 95% CI −0.17 to 0.17), non-Western (0.03, 95% CI −0.11 to 0.18) or Western (−0.06, 95% CI −0.23 to 0.10) immigrants compared with the mean of the reference (2.85, SD 0.45). Lower ability to engage with healthcare providers was found for non-Western born immigrants (−0.15, CI 95% −0.30 to −0.01) compared with the mean of women with Danish origin (4.15, SD 0.47).ConclusionGenerally, descendant and immigrant women had lower levels of ehealth literacy and health literacy than women of Danish origin. These differences are potentially antecedents of adverse birth outcomes and could inform structural efforts to mitigate health inequalities.
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Qureshi, Samera Azeem, Marte Kjøllesdal, and Abdi Gele. "Health disparities, and health behaviours of older immigrants & native population in Norway." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): e0263242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263242.
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We aimed to investigate and compare activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), poor self-rated health and the health behaviours among immigrants and the native population in Norway. We present results from analysis of two Norwegian surveys, (Living Conditions Survey on Health from 2015, Living Conditions Survey among Immigrants 2016). Using logistic regression models, odds ratios were estimated for functional ability, self-reported health, and health behavior among immigrants, with Norwegian born being the reference category. The first model was controlled for age and gender and the second model was additionally adjusted for educational level. Our analysis included 5343 participants, 2853 men (913 immigrants), and 2481 women (603 immigrants), aged 45–79 years. The age-group 45–66 years includes n = 4187 (immigrants n = 1431, men n = 856; women n = 575) and 67–79 years n = 1147 (immigrants n = 85, men n = 57; women n = 28). The percentage of Norwegians having ≥ 14 years of education was 86%, as compared to 56% among immigrants. The percentage of immigrants with no education at all was 11%. The employment rate among the Norwegian eldest age group was nearly double (14%) as compared to the immigrant group. Adjusted for age, gender and education, immigrants had higher odds than Norwegian of ADL and IADL, chronic diseases and overweight. There were no differences between immigrants and Norwegians in prevalence of poor self-reported health and smoking. Overall elderly immigrants are worse-off than Norwegians in parameters of health and functioning. Knowledge about health and functioning of elderly immigrants can provide a basis for evidence-based policies and interventions to ensure the best possible health for a growing number of elderly immigrants. Furthermore, for a better surveillance, planning of programs, making policies, decisions and improved assessment and implementation, ADL and IADLs limitations should be included as a variable in public health studies.
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Cengiz, Paula-Manuela, and Leena Eklund Karlsson. "Portrayal of Immigrants in Danish Media—A Qualitative Content Analysis." Societies 11, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11020045.
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Media coverage can affect audiences’ perceptions of immigrants, and can play a role in determining the content of public policy agendas, the formation of prejudices, and the prevalence of negative stereotyping. This study investigated the way in which immigrants are represented in the Danish media, which terms are used, what issues related to immigrants and immigration are discussed and how they are described, and whose voices are heard. The data consisted of media articles published in the two most widely read Danish newspapers in 2019. Inductive qualitative content analysis was conducted. The portrayal of immigrants was generally negative. Overall, immigrants were portrayed as economic, cultural and security threats to the country. The most salient immigrant groups mentioned in the media were non-Westerners, Muslims, and people ‘on tolerated stay’. Integration, xenophobia and racial discrimination were the three immigrant-related issues most frequently presented by the media. The media gave voice mainly to politicians and immigrant women. The material showed that Danes have a strong affinity for ‘Danishness’, which the papers explained as a major barrier to the integration and acceptance of immigrants in Denmark.
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Halldorsdottir, Thorhildur, Halldor Jonsson, and Kristjan G. Gudmundsson. "A Few Observations on Health Service for Immigrants at a Primary Health Care Centre." International Journal of Family Medicine 2016 (August 3, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6963835.
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Objective. Icelandic society is rapidly changing, from being an ethnically homogeneous population towards a multicultural immigrant society. In the hope of optimizing the service for immigrants at the health care centre, we decided to evaluate health care utilization by immigrants. Methods. As a case control study we invited all immigrants that attended the health care centre during a two-week period to participate. Paired controls of Icelanders were invited for comparison. Results. There were 57 immigrants, 48 females and 9 males, from 27 countries. Significantly more of the immigrant women were married, P<0.001. Interpreters were needed in 21% of the consultations. The immigrants often attended the clinic and had the same diagnoses as did the nonimmigrants. The immigrants evaluated the quality of the service in Iceland as 4.3 and the service in their homeland as 1.68, P<0.001. Conclusion. Immigrants attending a health care centre in Iceland came from all over the world, had the same diagnoses, and attended the clinic as often per annum as the nonimmigrants. Only one-fifth of them needed translators. The health and health care utilization of immigrants were similar to those of nonimmigrants.
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Olukotun, Oluwatoyin, and Lucy Mkandawire-Valhmu. "Lessons Learned From the Recruitment of Undocumented African Immigrant Women for a Qualitative Study." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (January 1, 2020): 160940692090457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406920904575.
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Although undocumented immigrants represent a particularly vulnerable population, they are underrepresented in health research. To facilitate the engagement of undocumented immigrants in health research, in this article, we describe the methodological issues encountered while conducting a qualitative study where we sought to understand the health care–seeking experiences of undocumented African immigrant women in the United States. Strategies employed in addressing methodological challenges and recommendation for future studies will also be discussed.
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Ponce, Aaron. "Gender and Anti-immigrant Attitudes in Europe." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 3 (January 1, 2017): 237802311772997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023117729970.
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Gender emerges as a key site of contestation with respect to immigrants’ integration and public presence in Europe. The recent politicization of gender and Islam in immigration debates marks an increasingly salient constructed opposition between egalitarian European values and traditional immigrant cultures. Against this background, this study investigates how gender structures attitudes toward immigrants of different economic and cultural profiles. Prior research finds that women are usually less likely to exhibit anti-immigrant attitudes than are men. Using 2014 European Social Survey data, results show that women are no less likely to hold anti-immigrant attitudes. However, in a significant reversal of traditional gender patterns, women are more likely to hold targeted anti-Muslim attitudes. Further, social trust moderates this gendered anti-Muslim effect. I interpret findings as a shift in how gender structures xenophobia resulting from the increased salience of gender ideology as a boundary-defining feature and growing demonization of Muslims as gender inegalitarian.
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Gunter, Rachel Michelle. "Immigrant Declarants and Loyal American Women: How Suffragists Helped Redefine the Rights of Citizens." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 19, no. 4 (August 4, 2020): 591–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153778142000033x.
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AbstractAs a result of the woman suffrage movement, citizenship and voting rights, though considered separate issues by the courts, became more intertwined in the mind of the average American. This interconnectedness was also a product of the concurrent movement to disfranchise immigrant declarant voters—immigrants who had filed their intention to become citizens but had not completed the naturalization process. This essay shows how suffragists pursued immigrant declarant disfranchisement as part of the woman suffrage movement, arguing that the same competitive political conditions that encouraged politicians to enfranchise primarily white, citizen women led them to disfranchise immigrant declarants. It analyzes suffragists’ arguments at both the state and national levels that voting was a right of citizens who had met their wartime obligations to the nation, and maintains that woman suffrage and the votes of white women who supported the measures disfranchising immigrant declarants and limiting immigrant rights should be included in historians’ understanding of the immigration restrictionist and nativist movements.
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Martínez, Tulay Caglitutuncigil. "Intersectionality in language trajectories: African women in Spain." Applied Linguistics Review 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2015-0011.
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AbstractDuring the last decades, changing intra-state and inter-state immigrant profiles in Spain has generated an interesting landscape for sociolinguistics research. There has been a shift from temporary migration to permanent settlement, which means that there is an increasing number of individuals who need to speak the locally legitimate forms of language for different reasons. Apart from this, recent statistics indicate that female immigrants’ profiles are also changing, and they are becoming more and more forerunners and active participants in the formal Spanish labour market (Aja et al. 2011). Therefore, this dynamic, ever changing profile of female immigrants suggests that they move across existing boundaries, acquiring and developing their linguistic knowledge to access other forms of symbolic capitals in Spain. Building on my ethnography of two sites in Madrid and Barcelona between 2011 and 2014, I shall explain how African immigrant women become new speakers and how their language learning process intersects with socially constructed boundaries such as political, economic, and linguistic hierarchies and ascribed gender roles.
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Urindwanayo, Desire. "Immigrant Women's Mental Health in Canada in the Antenatal and Postpartum Period." Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 50, no. 3 (July 12, 2018): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0844562118784811.
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Immigrant women constitute a relatively large sector of Canadian society. In 2011, immigrant women made up a fifth of Canada's female population, the highest proportion in 100 years; based on the current trends of immigration, this proportion is expected to grow over the next 20 years. As women immigrate and find themselves simultaneously experiencing an unfamiliar environment, being unacquainted with societal norms, and lacking vital social networks, they become vulnerable to mental health problems. This article aims to undertake a narrative review of the literature on immigrant women's mental health in Canada during antenatal and postpartum care by employing the transnational theory as a theoretical framework. The article starts with an overview of the theoretical framework, followed by a discussion on a literature review that particularly talks about culture, isolation and social support network, social determinants of health, and access to health care as elements to consider in avoiding mental health problem among immigrant women in antenatal and postpartum care. The literature shows a high number of depression among immigrant women, and mental health problems are higher among visible minorities than Caucasians. The highest antenatal and postpartum depression recorded are 42% and 13%, respectively. As Canada has long been and continues to be the land of immigrants, addressing the multiple factors affecting immigrant women's mental health is paramount to Canada truly achieving “health for all.”
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Cortés, Patricia, and José Tessada. "Low-Skilled Immigration and the Labor Supply of Highly Skilled Women." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 88–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.3.88.
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Low-skilled immigrants represent a significant fraction of employment in services that are close substitutes of household production. This paper studies whether the increased supply of low-skilled immigrants has led high-skilled women, who have the highest opportunity cost of time, to change their time-use decisions. Exploiting cross-city variation in immigrant concentration, we find that low-skilled immigration increases average hours of market work and the probability of working long hours of women at the top quartile of the wage distribution. Consistently, we find that women in this group decrease the time they spend in household work and increase expenditures on housekeeping services. (JEL J16, J22, J24, J61)
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Rai, Abha, Susan F. Grossman, and Nathan H. Perkins. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Family Violence in Immigrant Communities in the United States." Greenwich Social Work Review 1, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21100/gswr.v1i2.1161.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has threatening implications for all individuals; and has been particularly unsettling for immigrants. Given their unique positionality in the U.S., the intersectional discussion about the impact of this pandemic on immigrants and issues of family violence is salient. The position of some groups of immigrant women is even more precarious due to the increased dependency on their spouse/partner for emotional, economic and immigration-related reasons. While immigrants have been on the frontlines as responders for COVID-19, there are limited policies that provide them with healthcare, employment guarantee, or benefits. Further, the immigration restrictions created by the U.S. Government have worsened the position of immigrants. All these stressors create unprecedented challenges for immigrants. Therefore, it is vital to delve into the family dynamics, unique challenges, and potential solutions that can provide support to immigrant families. This commentary highlights the atypical challenges of immigrants in relation to the pandemic and how these challenges may impact the incidence of family violence. Through our discussion, we hope to encourage social work scholars, practitioners, and policy advocates to support and advocate for immigrants; especially, during the new normal under the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Chavez, Leo R., F. Allan Hubbell, Shiraz I. Mishra, and R. Burciaga Valdez. "Undocumented Latina Immigrants in Orange County, California: A Comparative Analysis." International Migration Review 31, no. 1 (March 1997): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100105.
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This article examines a unique data set randomly collected from Latinas (including 160 undocumented immigrants) and non-Hispanic white women in Orange County, California, including undocumented and documented Latina immigrants, Latina citizens, and non-Hispanic white women. Our survey suggests that undocumented Latinas are younger than documented Latinas, and immigrant Latinas are generally younger than U.S.-citizen Latinas and Anglo women. Undocumented and documented Latinas work in menial service sector jobs, often in domestic services. Most do not have job-related benefits such as medical insurance. Despite low incomes and likelihood of having children under age 18 living with them, their use of public assistance was low. Undocumented and documented Latina immigrants lived in households that often contained extended family members; they were more likely than other women in the study to lack a regular source of health care, to utilize health clinics, public health centers, and hospital emergency rooms rather than private physicians or HMOs, and to underutilize preventative cancer screening services. Despite their immigration status, undocumented Latina immigrants often viewed themselves as part of a community in the United States, which significantly influenced their intentions to stay in the United States. Contrary to much of the recent public policy debate over immigration, we did not find that social services influenced Latina immigrants’ intentions to stay in the United States.
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Straiton, Melanie Lindsay, Anne Reneflot, and Esperanza Diaz. "Socioeconomic status and primary health service use for mental health problems among immigrants with short and long lengths of stay." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 12, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-01-2015-0001.
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Purpose – High socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with better health and lower use of health care services in the general population. Among immigrants, the relationship appears less consistent. The purpose of this paper is to determine if the relationship between income level (a proxy for SES) and use of primary health care services for mental health problems differs for natives and five immigrant groups in Norway. It also explores the moderating effect of length of stay (LoS) among immigrants. Design/methodology/approach – Using data from two registers with national-level coverage, logistic regression analyses with interactions were carried out to determine the association between income level and having used primary health care services for mental health problems. Findings – For Norwegian men and women there was a clear negative relationship between income and service use. Interaction analyses suggested that the relationship differed for all immigrant groups compared with Norwegians. When stratifying by LoS, income was not associated with service use among recently arrived immigrants but was negatively associated among immigrants staying more than two years (with the exception of Pakistani and Iraqi women). Research limitations/implications – Country of origin and LoS should be considered when applying measures of SES in immigrant health research. Social implications – There may be an initial transition period for recently arrived immigrants where competing factors mask the association between SES and service use. Originality/value – This study benefits from nationwide coverage, eliminating self-selection biases. It demonstrates the complexity of the relationship between SES and health care use.
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Wändell, Per, Sten Fredrikson, Axel C. Carlsson, Xinjun Li, Jan Sundquist, and Kristina Sundquist. "Huntington’s disease among immigrant groups and Swedish-born individuals: a cohort study of all adults 18 years of age and older in Sweden." Neurological Sciences 42, no. 9 (January 30, 2021): 3851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05085-6.
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Abstract Background There is a lack of studies of Huntington’s disease (HD) in immigrants. Objective To study the association between country of birth and incident HD in first-generation immigrants versus Swedish-born individuals and in second-generation immigrants versus Swedish-born individuals with Swedish-born parents. Methods Study populations included all adults aged 18 years and older in Sweden, i.e., in the first-generation study 6,042,891 individuals with 1034 HD cases and in the second-generation study 4,860,469 individuals with 1001 cases. HD was defined as having at least one registered diagnosis of HD in the National Patient Register. The incidence of HD in different first-generation immigrant groups versus Swedish-born individuals was assessed by Cox regression, expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, geographical residence in Sweden, educational level, marital status, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Results Mean age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were for all Swedish-born 0.82 and for all foreign born 0.53 and for all men 0.73 and for all women 0.81, with the highest incidence rates for the group 80–84 years of age. After adjusting for potential confounders, the HRs were lower in women in the first- and second-generation, i.e., 0.49 (95% CI 0.36–0.67) and 0.63 (95% 0.45–0.87), respectively, and also among women from Finland or with parents from Finland. Significance In general, the risk of HD was lower in first-generation and second-generation immigrant women but not among male immigrants.
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Katz, Michael B., Mark J. Stern, and Jamie J. Fader. "The Mexican Immigration Debate." Social Science History 31, no. 2 (2007): 157–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013717.
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This article uses census microdata to address key issues in the Mexican immigration debate. First, we find striking parallels in the experiences of older and newer immigrant groups with substantial progress among second- and subsequent-generation immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and Mexican Americans. Second, we contradict a view of immigrant history that contends that early–twentieth–century immigrants from southern and eastern Europe found well–paying jobs in manufacturing that facilitated their ascent into the middle class. Both first and second generations remained predominantly working class until after World War II. Third, the erosion of the institutions that advanced earlier immigrant generations is harming the prospects of Mexican Americans. Fourth, the mobility experience of earlier immigrants and of Mexicans and Mexican Americans differed by gender, with a gender gap opening among Mexican Americans as women pioneered the path to white–collar and professional work. Fifth, public–sector and publicly funded employment has proved crucial to upward mobility, especially among women. The reliance on public employment, as contrasted to entrepreneurship, has been one factor setting the Mexican and African American experience apart from the economic history of most southern and eastern European groups as well as from the experiences of some other immigrant groups today.
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Coutinho, Emília de Carvalho, Alcione Leite da Silva, Carlos Manuel Figueiredo Pereira Pereira, Alexandra Isabel Almeida, Paula Alexandra Batista Nelas, Vitória Barros Castro Parreira, and Maria Odete Amaral. "Health care to immigrant and Portuguese pregnant women in Portugal." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 48, spe2 (December 2014): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420140000800003.
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This study aimed to assess the care received and the barriers faced by immigrants and Portuguese pregnant women in Portugal. This is an exploratory qualitative study, resorting to applying semi-structured interviews to 60 immigrant and 22 Portuguese women. Content analysis supported by QSR Nvivo10 program was used. The study was approved by an Ethics Committee. The results showed four categories related to affective dimensions-relational, cognitive, technical-instrumental and health care policy for pregnant women. As for the barriers in health care, these were mentioned by some of the expectant mothers, especially immigrant women. Almost all, both immigrant and Portuguese, pregnant women were satisfied with the health care.
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Souto, Rafaella Queiroga, Sepali Guruge, Miriam Aparecida Barbosa Merighi, and Maria Cristina Pinto de Jesus. "Intimate Partner Violence Among Older Portuguese Immigrant Women in Canada." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 5 (April 24, 2016): 961–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516646101.
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One third of the immigrant population around the world is made up of women. Of these women, many belong to the Portuguese community. Immigrants account for more than one in five Canadians. The Portuguese older immigrant women living in Canada are vulnerable to be victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), which is a prevalent and important global health issue that affects differently diverse groups. There are few available researches regarding IPV on this population. The objective of this study is to understand how Portuguese older immigrant women living in Canada experience IPV. This is a qualitative study with a social phenomenological focus. Alfred Schutz’s motivation theory was used to analyze the impulses that led older women to face IPV. The data were collected from July to October 2013 in the Greater Toronto Area. Ten women 60 years or older were included in the study. The participants perceived themselves as being victimized by their current or ex partners. They are unhappy and suffer from a variety of health problems, which they related to their experience of IPV. These factors, along with participants’ personal beliefs, and their legal situations as immigrants in Canada, made them act, either in a way that would try to maintain their relationships, or tried to escape the violent situation. IPV is a complex phenomenon, with different perceptions surrounding it. The experiences of the older immigrant women showed that ending the marriage is not always a possibility to them because of cultural issues and their immigrant status in Canada. Some women wish help and support to improve their relationships.
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Murshid, Nadine Shaanta, and Elizabeth A. Bowen. "A Trauma-Informed Analysis of the Violence Against Women Act’s Provisions for Undocumented Immigrant Women." Violence Against Women 24, no. 13 (January 21, 2018): 1540–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801217741991.
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Immigrant women in the United States are among the groups disproportionately affected by intimate partner violence (IPV). Undocumented immigrants generally have fewer resources for coping with violence and may experience a range of personal, cultural, and immigration status–related barriers to reporting violence and accessing help. Thus, undocumented immigrant victims of IPV could benefit significantly from policies that promote access to trauma-informed services and legal options. This article applies a trauma-informed policy analysis framework to the Violence Against Women Act’s immigration protections to demonstrate how the Act’s U-Visa provisions and implementation practices could be improved by incorporating trauma-informed principles of trustworthiness and transparency, empowerment, choice, safety, collaboration, and intersectionality.
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D’Aloja, Paola, Roberto Da Cas, Valeria Belleudi, Filomena Fortinguerra, Francesca Romana Poggi, Serena Perna, Francesco Trotta, and Serena Donati. "Drug Prescriptions among Italian and Immigrant Pregnant Women Resident in Italy: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074186.
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Ensuring drug safety for pregnant women through prescription drug monitoring is essential. The aim of this study was to describe the prescription pattern of medicines among pregnant immigrant women from countries with high migratory pressure (HMPCs) compared to pregnant Italian women. The prevalence of drug prescriptions among the two study populations was analysed through record linkage procedures applied to the administrative databases of eight Italian regions, from 2016 to 2018. The overall prevalence of drug prescription was calculated considering all women who received at least one prescription during the study period. Immigrants had a lower prevalence of drug prescriptions before (51.0% vs. 58.6%) and after pregnancy (55.1% vs. 60. 3%). Conversely, during pregnancy, they obtained a slightly higher number of prescriptions (74.9% vs. 72.8%). The most prescribed class of drugs was the blood and haematopoietic organs category (category ATC B) (56.4% vs. 45.9%, immigrants compared to Italians), followed by antimicrobials (31.3% vs. 33.7%). Most prescriptions were appropriate, while folic acid administration 3 months before conception was low for both study groups (3.9% immigrants and 6.2% Italians). Progesterone seemingly was prescribed against early pregnancy loss, more frequently among Italians (16.5% vs. 8.1% immigrants). Few inappropriate medications were prescribed among antihypertensives, statins and anti-inflammatory drugs in both study groups.
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Borgna, Camilla, and Violetta Tucci. "An unstable equilibrium: the Italian immigrants' inclusion model facing the pandemic crisis test." SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no. 166 (September 2023): 155–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2023-166007.
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The Italian immigrants' inclusion model has been described as a "low unemployment, bad jobs" equilibrium: immigrants have relatively high employment rates but tend to be segregated in low-quality jobs. However, as these jobs are also unstable, so is the equilibrium: during periods of recession, immigrants may face higher risks of labor-market exclusion. This paper investigates immigrant penalties in terms of employment probabilities, job loss, labor-market (re)entry, and job quality throughout the first year of COVID-19 crisis, by analyzing data from the 2019 and 2020 ISTAT Labor Force Survey. We find that the pandemic crisis accelerated an already ongoing erosion of immigrants' relative employment advantage, while at the same time increasing their segregation in low-quality jobs. The deterioration of immigrants' employment chances is chiefly driven by increased barriers in (re)entering the labor market which, especially for women, might be due to self-selection into inactivity. These findings suggest that the structural factors that have historically facilitated the activation of immigrant workers might have become factors of instability.
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Chavkin, Wendy, Carey Busner, and Margaret McLaughlin. "Reproductive Health: Caribbean Women in New York City, 1980–1984." International Migration Review 21, no. 3 (September 1987): 609–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100309.
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People from the Caribbean represent one of the largest immigrant groups in New York City. This study focuses on the reproductive health of first generation Caribbean immigrants. Birth and death certificate data were used to generate descriptive profiles of risk-factor prevalence and reproductive outcomes to Caribbean and comparison populations.
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Sainsbury, Diane. "Policy constructions, immigrants’ social rights and gender: The case of Swedish childcare policies." Journal of European Social Policy 29, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928718762311.
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This article explores how policy constructions shape policy outcomes for immigrant women and men, focusing on two Swedish childcare policies: (1) parental leave and (2) childcare services. It sheds light on the dynamics between policy constructions and (1) the gender differentiation in immigrants’ social entitlements, (2) the gender differentiation in social entitlements of the Swedish-born population and (3) differences and similarities between the two. Among the major findings is that the universal construction of childcare services and parental insurance promotes parity in immigrant and Swedish-born parents’ utilization. Immigrant families have high enrolment rates in childcare programmes and their rates approach or equal those of non-immigrant families. In the case of parental benefits, over 40 percent of immigrant mothers would be ineligible without the universal construction, and a huge immigrant/ethnic divide in entitlement would exist. Second, a gender differentiation characterizes the claiming of parental benefits, and the differentiation is sharper for immigrant parents. Third, the ethnicity benefit differential is much wider for mothers’ parental leave benefits than for fathers’ benefits. Fourth, despite universal policy constructions, immigrants’ weaker attachment to the labour market affects their social rights, and the effect is greater for immigrant women.
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Onasch, Elizabeth. "Framing and Claiming “Gender Equality”: A Multi-level Analysis of the French Civic Integration Program." Gender & Society 34, no. 3 (May 18, 2020): 496–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243220916453.
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The recent construction of “gender equality” as a defining value of European societies has shaped the policy goals of immigrant integration programs. This focus on “gender equality” may function, paradoxically, to exclude immigrants, if immigrant integration policies rely on stereotypical representations of immigrants and fail to acknowledge the multiple, intersecting forms of inequality that immigrant women face. This article contributes to the critical scholarship on the role of “gender equality” in the field of immigrant integration policy by examining the framing of this concept in the policy documents and implementation of the French civic integration program. Using ethnographic observations and field interviews, I illustrate how frontline workers, many of whom were women of immigrant origin, interacted with participants to frame “gender equality” in exclusionary and inclusionary ways, and how “gender equality” functioned as a racial boundary within the program. The tensions in the discourses of frontline workers mirrored those of the political context in which the policy developed; they were constrained by a difference-blind ideology of French republicanism as they insisted on “gender equality” as the pathway to belonging in France.
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March, Sebastià, Barbara Villalonga, Carmen Sanchez-Contador, Clara Vidal, Aina Mascaro, Maria de Lluc Bennasar, and Magdalena Esteva. "Barriers to and discourses about breast cancer prevention among immigrant women in Spain: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 8, no. 11 (November 2018): e021425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021425.
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ObjectivesTo identify knowledge, barriers and discourses about breast cancer screening in Spain among female immigrants from low-income countries and native Spanish women from a low socioeconomic class.DesignQualitative interview study with thematic analysis interpreted using cultural mediators.SettingMallorca, Spain.ParticipantsThirty-six in-depth interviews, using cultural mediators, of immigrant women living in Mallorca who were 50–69 years old and were from Maghreb, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, China or were native to Spain and from a low socioeconomic class.ResultsWe analysed the interviews to assess breast cancer perceptions and beliefs, discourses about breast cancer prevention and barriers to accessing breast cancer prevention programmes. Although the women reported an association of breast cancer with death, they acknowledged the effectiveness of early detection. They also exhibited reluctance to talk about cancer. Discourses about cancer prevention tended to be proactive or fatalistic, depending on the woman’s country of origin. For all women, fear of results and lack of time were barriers that limited participation in breast cancer prevention programmes. Language barriers, frequent changes of residence and fear due to status as an irregular (undocumented) immigrant were barriers specific to immigrant women.ConclusionsThe culture of origin affects whether an immigrant has a fatalistic or proactive approach toward breast cancer screening. Immigrants from low-income countries and Spanish natives from a low socioeconomic class experience barriers in access to breast cancer screening. Frequently changing homes is also a barrier for immigrant women.
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Liversage, Anika. "Remarriage among older immigrants and their host country peers – a countrywide study." Migration Letters 18, no. 3 (May 16, 2021): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i3.1224.
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With immigrants across Europe ageing in increasing numbers, this article uses Danish administrative data to map the unexplored remarriage patterns among three groups of older immigrants and compare them to their Danish host country peers. Results show that remarriage late in life is uncommon. When it occurs, men remarry more often than women, with the gender difference many times larger among immigrants. For choice of spouse, most marriages are endogamous, with immigrants predominantly finding spouses transnationally. The data also reveal a distinct age pattern in all groups, with wives substantially younger when marriages are transnational, i.e. when wives arrive as marriage migrants. In addition to extending the literature on remarriage in old age to include immigrant groups, this study also documents both the centrality of older immigrants finding spouses transnationally and the existence of substantial age differences in transnational remarriages, regardless of whether husbands are immigrants or not.
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Telman, Kristina, Santiago Sammie, and Birgit Kamal. "Accessibility of Gynecological Healthcare Services in Canada Under Immigration Policies." Studies in Social Science & Humanities 2, no. 11 (November 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/sssh.2023.11.01.
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This study examines the accessibility of gynecological healthcare services for immigrant women in Canada and explores the impact of immigration policies on their healthcare access. With a diverse immigrant population, Canada’s healthcare system faces the challenge of addressing disparities in healthcare utilization among newcomers. We investigate the barriers faced by immigrant women in accessing gynecological care, including language barriers, cultural and stigma-related challenges, and economic factors. We analyze government initiatives and community programs aimed at improving healthcare access for immigrant women. The study concludes with policy recommendations and strategies to promote awareness, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach to ensure equitable healthcare access for all immigrants in Canada.
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Khalid, Ayisha, Sarika Haque, Saad Alvi, Mahzabin Ferdous, Olivia Genereux, Nashit Chowdhury, and Tanvir C. Turin. "Promoting Health Literacy About Cancer Screening Among Muslim Immigrants in Canada: Perspectives of Imams on the Role They Can Play in Community." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 13 (January 2022): 215013192110630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501319211063051.
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Purpose: Immigrants tend to have lower rates of cancer screening than non-immigrants in Canada. Inequity in screening rates may stem from religious factors, which religious leaders can influence. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes held by Muslim religious leaders about cancer screening, as well as the role religious leaders perceive they can play in improving cancer screening health literacy among South Asian Muslim immigrant women. Methods: We conducted interviews with 8 Muslim religious leaders in Calgary, Canada. Participants’ knowledge and attitudes were inductively summarized using descriptive analysis, while practices were deductively thematically analyzed using the Socioecological Model and the Communication for Development approaches. Results: We found participants mostly had some knowledge of cancer, but lesser knowledge of different screening tests and of low screening rates among immigrants. Participants proposed that their role as a speaker, access to facilities and community networks, and collaboration with universities and healthcare professionals could help overcome religious misinterpretations and promote cancer screening among South Asian Muslim immigrant women. Conclusion: Religious leaders were highly supportive of incorporating health messaging into faith-based messaging. Future work should focus on implementing the practices recommended in this study with South Asian Muslim immigrant women’s voices at their center.
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Senthanar, Sonja, Mieke Koehoorn, Lillian Tamburic, Stephanie Premji, Ute Bültmann, and Christopher B. McLeod. "Differences in Work Disability Duration for Immigrants and Canadian-Born Workers in British Columbia, Canada." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 11794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211794.
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This study aimed to investigate differences in work disability duration among immigrants (categorized as economic, family member or refugee/other classification upon arrival to Canada) compared to Canadian-born workers with a work-related injury in British Columbia. Immigrants and Canadian-born workers were identified from linked immigration records with workers’ compensation claims for work-related back strain, connective tissue, concussion and fracture injuries requiring at least one paid day of work disability benefits between 2009 to 2015. Quantile regression investigated the relationship between immigration classification and predicted work disability days (defined from injury date to end of compensation claim, up to 365 days) and modeled at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentile of the distribution of the disability days. With a few exceptions, immigrants experienced greater predicted disability days compared to Canadian-born workers within the same injury cohort. The largest differences were observed for family and refugee/other immigrant classification workers, and, in particular, for women within these classifications, compared to Canadian-born workers. For example, at the 50th percentile of the distribution of disability days, we observed a difference of 34.1 days longer for refugee/other women in the concussion cohort and a difference of 27.5 days longer for family classification women in the fracture cohort. Economic immigrants had comparable disability days with Canadian-born workers, especially at the 25th and 50th percentiles of the distribution. Immigrant workers’ longer disability durations may be a result of more severe injuries or challenges navigating the workers’ compensation system with delays in seeking disability benefits and rehabilitation services. Differences by immigrant classification speak to vulnerabilities or inequities upon arrival in Canada that persist after entry to the workforce and warrant further investigation for early mitigation strategies.
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M, Savu Blessy, and Dimitriu Maria C. "Immigrants’ Labor Market Performance: with a Focus on Immigrant Women." International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics 01, no. 04 (July 2, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.31270/ijame/01/04/2012/16.
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