Academic literature on the topic 'Women immigrants – Employment – Canada'
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Journal articles on the topic "Women immigrants – Employment – Canada"
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Doyle, Judith, Nicola Mooney, and Jane Ku. "Why Not Me? Women Immigrants and Unemployment in New Brunswick." MIGRATION LETTERS 3, no. 2 (October 28, 2006): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v3i2.67.
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This article examines the experience of women immigrants and refugees in New Brunswick, Canada. In focus groups, employment, or rather the lack of employment, was a central concern for the women. Many were skilled immigrants who urgently wished to be working in their field of expertise and felt disappointed with Canadian immigration processes and settlement in New Brunswick. Their emphasis on employment contrasted with their classification as dependent spouses by Citizenship and Immigration Canada and as refugees.
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Banerjee, Rupa, Feng Hou, Jeffrey G. Reitz, and Tingting Zhang. "Evaluating Foreign Skills: Effects of Credential Assessment on Skilled Immigrants’ Labour Market Performance in Canada." Canadian Public Policy 47, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 358–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-014.
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Formal educational qualification is increasingly built into immigrant selection systems in many countries, but in a global context, the transferability and portability of such qualifications has been questioned. In 2013, Canada introduced the requirement for a formal assessment of educational credential equivalence for applicants in the skilled worker category. In this study, we use a Canadian national immigration database and difference-in-differences methodology to investigate whether requiring formal Educational Credential Assessment (ECA) as part of the selection process for skilled immigrants has improved labour market outcomes. Our results indicate that the ECA requirement is positively related to early employment rates and earnings for both men and women. However, this effect is limited to those with no previous employment experience in Canada. We also find that, even with the ECA requirement, significant differences in the earnings of immigrants from different source regions remain. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
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Yates, Charlotte A. B. "Segmented labour, united unions? How unions in Canada cope with increased diversity." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 11, no. 4 (November 2005): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890501100410.
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As the labour force in Western industrial democracies becomes more diverse, union strategies for organising and representing these workers need to change. With a particular emphasis on union strategies for recruiting new members, this article demonstrates how slow unions have been to adapt to the changing labour market and labour force. Drawing on data from Canada, the article examines the challenges faced by unions in representing women and immigrants, especially those from racial minorities who constitute a growing proportion of recent immigrants to Canada. It then explores the additional challenges posed by changes to the labour market, most notably the rise in private service sector employment and the shift towards non-unionised manufacturing facilities. The article concludes by examining the ways in which unions need to transform their strategies to reflect the greater diversity found amongst workers and their workplaces.
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Premji, Stéphanie. "Precarious Employment and Difficult Daily Commutes." Articles 72, no. 1 (April 19, 2017): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039591ar.
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Precarious employment is on the rise in Canada, increasing by nearly 50% in the last two decades. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which it can impact upon geographical mobility. Employment-related geographical mobility refers to mobility to, from and between workplaces, as well as mobility as part of work. We report on a qualitative study conducted among 27 immigrant men and women in Toronto that investigates the relationship between precarious employment and daily commutes while exploring the ways in which gender, class and migration structure this relationship. Interview data reveal that participants were largely unable to work where they lived or live where they worked. Their precarious jobs were characterized by conditions that resulted in long, complex, unfamiliar, unsafe and expensive commutes. These commuting difficulties, in turn, resulted in participants having to refuse or quit jobs, including desirable jobs, or being unable to engage in labour market strategies that could improve their employment conditions (e.g. taking courses, volunteering, etc.). Participants’ commuting difficulties were amplified by the delays, infrequency, unavailability and high cost of public transportation. These dynamics disproportionately and/or differentially impacted certain groups of workers. Precarious work has led to workers having to absorb an ever-growing share of the costs associated with their employment, underscored in our study as time, effort and money spent travelling to and from work. We discuss the forces that underlie the spatial patterning of work and workers in Toronto, namely the growing income gap and the increased polarization among neighbourhoods that has resulted in low-income immigrants increasingly moving from the centre to the edges of the city. We propose policy recommendations for public transportation, employment, housing and child care that can help alleviate some of the difficulties described.
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Omorodion, Francisca Isi. "African Immigrant Women's Perceptions and Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence in Canada." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0015.
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This paper examines the experiences of intimate partner violence among African immigrant women living in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. In-depth interviews were conducted and audio-recorded with 20 African immigrant women who have lived in Canada for five years. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic content analysis. The study showed that IPV is common in African communities and affects the mental health and quality of life of survivors. The women noted that poor integration of African men into the mainstream society due to lack of gainful employment perpetuates IPV, which becomes a tool used by African men to express their authority, power and control over their women. The women called for culturally specific and relevant treatment and prevention services that would be more inclusive and meet the needs of all abused women.
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Zou, Ping, Jing Shao, Yan Luo, Aarabi Thayaparan, Hui Zhang, Arzoo Alam, Lichun Liu, and Souraya Sidani. "Facilitators and Barriers to Healthy Midlife Transition among South Asian Immigrant Women in Canada: A Qualitative Exploration." Healthcare 9, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020182.
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Background: South Asian immigrant women make up the largest visible minority in Canada, where visible minorities include persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour, and approximately half of these women are above the age of 35. Few studies have investigated the factors that impact the midlife transition for these women. This study aims to identify the facilitators and barriers experienced by South Asian immigrant women during the midlife transition. Methods: Two focus groups and ten one-on-one interviews about the midlife transition were held with South Asian first-generation immigrant women in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada; discussions were analyzed thematically. Findings: Personal facilitators to the midlife transition included being employed and possessing adequate life skills. Personal barriers consisted of financial strain, overwhelming demands, and limited life skills. Familial facilitators were stable financial status and support. Familial barriers included limited understanding and support and high expectations. Community facilitators included a close social circle and adequate healthcare. Community barriers were limited social support and cultural expectations. Fair and respectful societies were a facilitator, whereas inadequate policy support and acculturative stress were societal barriers. An environmental barrier was the colder Canadian climate. Discussion: Employment and education programs for South Asian immigrant women need to be prioritized to help them integrate into society. Family-centred assessment and education can improve familial support. Communities need to foster peer support groups and culturally sensitive healthcare. Social and employment policies should accommodate the midlife transition. Conclusions: South Asian immigrant women experience unique facilitators and barriers to their midlife transition that should be considered by healthcare providers, policymakers and society to support them.
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Reitz, Jeffrey G., Emily Laxer, and Patrick Simon. "National Cultural Frames and Muslims’ Economic Incorporation: A Comparison of France and Canada." International Migration Review 56, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 499–532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01979183211035725.
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This article shows that differences in the economic incorporation of Muslims and other immigrant minorities in France and in Canada are mainly related to immigrant selectivity, labor market structures, and welfare transfers. Differences in ethno-specific penalties due to national cultural frames — related to multiculturalism in Canada and secular republicanism in France — are small, affect only the second generation, and are related both to minority household patterns and to treatment in mainstream institutions. Using data on household incomes from two large-scale surveys (Trajectories and Origins in France 2008–2009 and the Canadian National Household Survey 2011) and taking account of cross-setting differences in Muslim and other minority origins, we model cross-generational economic trajectories reflecting the impact of immigrant selectivity, labor market structures, and welfare transfers. Within this framework, we examine four ways that cultural frames may affect minority economic disadvantage: the significance of religion relative to race, citizenship access, labor market discrimination, and minority household patterns, including employment of women in couples and intergenerational cohabitation. Across all minorities, we find a striking cross-national difference in intergenerational economic trajectories: flat in France and upward in Canada, plausibly reflecting institutional differences. Net of sociodemographic controls, both religion and race matter in each setting, and net Muslim disadvantage is similar in each. Citizenship differences have little impact. Labor market earnings discrimination appears similar. A small potential effect of cultural frames appears in second-generation Muslim households: in France, lower female employment rates reduce household incomes, while in English-speaking Canada, more frequent cohabitation with more affluent parents increases household incomes. Yet even these findings do not necessarily diminish the overriding significance of immigrant selectivity, labor market structure, and welfare transfers.
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Vosko, Leah F. "A New Approach to Regulating Temporary Agency Work in Ontario or Back to the Future?" Articles 65, no. 4 (February 9, 2011): 632–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045589ar.
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In 2009, the province of Ontario, Canada adopted the Employment Standards Amendment Act (Temporary Help Agencies) partly in response to public concern over temporary agency workers’ limited access to labour protection. This article examines its “new” approach in historical and international context, illustrating that the resulting section of the Employment Standards Act (ESA) reflects continuity through change in its continued omissions and exclusions. The article begins by defining temporary agency work and describing its significance, explaining how it exemplifies precarious employment, partly by virtue of the triangular employment relationship at its heart. Next it traces three eras of regulation, from the early 20th to the early 21st centuries: in the first era, against the backdrop of the federal government’s forays into regulation through the Immigration Act, Ontario responded to abusive practices of private employment agencies, with strict regulations, directed especially at those placing recent immigrants in employment. In the second era, restrictions on private employment agencies were gradually loosened, resulting in modest regulation; in this era, there was growing space for the emergence of “new” types of agencies providing “employment services,” including temporary help agencies, which carved out a niche for themselves by targeting marginalized social groups, such as women. The third era was characterized by the legitimization of private employment agencies and, in particular, temporary help agencies, both in a passive sense by government inaction in response to growing complexities surrounding their operation, and in an active sense by the repeal of Ontario’s Employment Agencies Act in 2000. Despite a consultative process aimed, in the words of Ontario’s then Minister of Labour, at “enhanc [ing] protections for employees working for temporary help agencies,” the new section of the ESA adopted in 2009 reproduces outdated approaches to regulation through its omissions and exclusions; specifically, it focuses narrowly on temporary help agencies rather than including an overlapping group of private employment agencies with which they comprise the employment services industry and its denial of access to protection to workers from a particular occupational group (i.e., workers placed by a subset of homecare agencies otherwise falling within the definition of “assignment employees”). Highlighting the importance of looking back in devising new regulations, the article concludes by advancing a more promising approach for the future that would address more squarely the triangular employment relationship as the basis for extending greater protection to workers.
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Morgenshtern, Marina. "“My Family’s Weight on My Shoulders”: Experiences of Jewish Immigrant Women from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) in Toronto." Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8030086.
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In dominant western society, we tend to interpret the experiences of immigrant women as emancipation and liberation, rather than as the complex experiences of subjects acting within several hegemonic systems. While intersectional and transnational feminism led to questioning this view through the discussion of the challenges faced by immigrant women from developing countries, their counterparts from socialist countries have been largely ignored. To address this gap, this article focuses on the employment and social reproduction experiences of 11 white, professional, heterosexual, immigrant Jewish women from the former Soviet Union (FSU) who are now living in Toronto, Canada. The data used in this article was collected as part of a study on lived experiences of Jewish immigrant couples from FSU in Toronto. This study utilized intersectional feminist analysis as a theoretical framework and combined the qualitative methodologies of Testimonio and Oral History. This data suggests that, for these women, immigration had mixed outcomes. Although the material conditions of their lives may have changed, the traditional moral associations between femininity, domesticity, and maternity remained strong. Apparent heterosexual privilege both challenged and reinforced their subordination, in that it facilitated their access to Canadian education and professional jobs and promoted their social legitimacy/status, while also resulting in greater subordination at work and home where they had more tasks to fulfill than in premigration life. These findings challenge the monolithic representation of immigrant women’s experience and enhance our ability to generate a more comprehensive theory of those experiences.
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Benoit, Cecilia, Leah Shumka, Kate Vallance, Helga Hallgrímsdóttir, Rachel Phillips, Karen Kobayashi, Olena Hankivsky, Colleen Reid, and Elana Brief. "Explaining the Health Gap Experienced by Girls and Women in Canada: A Social Determinants of Health Perspective." Sociological Research Online 14, no. 5 (November 2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2024.
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In the last few decades there has been a resurgence of interest in the social causes of health inequities among and between individuals and populations. This ‘social determinants’ perspective focuses on the myriad demographic and societal factors that shape health and well-being. Heeding calls for the mainstreaming of two very specific health determinants - sex and gender - we incorporate both into our analysis of the health gap experienced by girls and women in Canada. However, we take an intersectional approach in that we argue that a comprehensive picture of health inequities must, in addition to considering sex and gender, include a context sensitive analysis of all the major dimensions of social stratification. In the case of the current worldwide economic downturn, and the uniquely diverse Canadian population spread over a vast territory, this means thinking carefully about how socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, immigrant status, employment status and geography uniquely shape the health of all Canadians, but especially girls and women. We argue that while a social determinants of health perspective is important in its own right, it needs to be understood against the backdrop of broader structural processes that shape Canadian health policy and practice. By doing so we can observe how the social safety net of all Canadians has been eroding, especially for those occupying vulnerable social locations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women immigrants – Employment – Canada"
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Caruth, Fran. "The health of Canadian women in the workforce : a comparison between homemaker women, workforce women and workforce men based on the 1979 Canada health survey." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26181.
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In the past twenty-five years there has been a marked increase in the number of women in the paid labour force, especially among women with young children. Time studies have shown that when a woman has a young family plus a position in the paid labour force, she works a very long day and has little time for recreational or leisure pursuits.
This thesis therefore poses the following questions:
1. Do women who participate in the paid labour force report poorer health status than their counterparts who are homemakers?
2. Do women who participate in the paid labour force exhibit lifestyle patterns significantly different from their homemaker counterparts?
3. Do women in the paid labour force exhibit health care utilization patterns significantly different from their homemaker counterparts?
and 4. Do women's lifestyles, reported health status and health care
utilization patterns differ from those of their male counterparts in the paid labour force?
Data from the 1978-79 Canada Health Survey (C.H.S.), which had asked a wide cross-section of Canadians about their lifestyle, health status and use of the health care system, were used to explore these questions. A model was then developed for this study which linked health risk behaviours, health status and health care related behaviours, and which used the variables available in the C.H.S. data base. Multiple Classification Analyses were carried out to determine the best predictors of women's health risk behaviours, health status and health care related behaviours. The three study groups were then standardized using the top two predictors and the rates of the various states and behaviours were compared.
First, in the prediction of women's health risk behaviours, the demographic variables included in the model were not effective as only 3-4% of the variance in the scores could be explained. Secondly, in the prediction of health status scores, the composite health risk scores developed for each subject plus the demographic variables were able to explain 4 - 11% of the variation. Thirdly, in the prediction of women's health care related behaviours the composite health risk scores, the health status scores and the demographic variables were together able to explain 14 - 27% of the variance.
When the standardized rates for high health risk behaviours were compared, there were significant differences between the three groups but no group was consistently better or worse than any other. The men's group however, consistently reported better health and less use of the health care system. The women's groups reported similar health states but women in the paid labour force reported a higher use of medications and fewer days in hospital.
The C.H.S. was designed to address issues which affect the whole population. The questions therefore, were not always sufficiently specific to describe the special circumstances of women, especially for example in their childbearing and nurturing years. The rapidly changing social and economic circumstances of women and their families, as women enter the paid labour force, plus the need for more information on their health risk behaviours - what these behaviours are, and what predisposes women to engage in them - point to the need for more research focused specifically on this section of the population.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
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Thobani, Sunera. "Nationalizing citizens, bordering immigrant women : globalization and the racialization of citizenship in late 20th century Canada /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0021/NQ37758.pdf.
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Ambrose, Michelle S. "Trends in occupational attainment of women immigrants to Canada, 1971-1991." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/MQ47930.pdf.
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Boakye-Agyeman, Grace. "Reunification experiences of immigrant single mothers and their children in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83157.
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Five immigrant single mothers were interviewed to explore the dynamics of the relationship between immigrant single mothers and their children when they reunite in Canada. Difficulties, in attachment, parenting, and the transition into the new culture were identified. Immigration policies about foreign domestic workers and delays in emigration process were factors that prolonged separation between mothers and their children. The mothers agreed that separation from their children contributed to the difficulties, but physical and psychological preparation before reunification lessened the challenge. Loving and listening to children, and involvement in the Christian mono-ethnic community churches were identified as effective coping strategies. Culturally sensitive approaches by social workers with these clients are recommended.
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Iuliano, Susanna. "Sebben che siamo donne (although we are women) : a comparative study of Italian immigrant women in post-war Canada and Australia." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38537.
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Understanding the lives of Italian women who migrated to Canada and Australia in the post-war period is the goal of this thesis. Although governments assigned women secondary roles as dependants and 'followers' in the migration process, I argue that Italian women were central, not marginal, to the migration and settlement experiences of Italian immigrants. By placing Italian women front and centre of this study, I contribute to a small but growing body of work that challenges the male-centred perspective of most literature on Italian-Canadian and Italian-Australian migration and ethnicity.This thesis is structured within a feminist framework and uses interdisciplinary methods to gather and interpret quantitative and qualitative information about the lives of Italian immigrant women in post-war Canada and Australia. Using government and church archives, personal interviews, ethnic newspapers, legal documents, marriage registers and participant observer fieldwork, I explore three major themes.
Firstly, I examine Italian immigrant women's understanding of power relations within their homes and workplaces. Rather than cast women as either passive victims or all-conquering heroines, I present the complexity of the sources of power and weakness in immigrant women's lives. I argue that Italian immigrant women had to cope with exploitation and disadvantage because of their class, gender and ethnic status. However, they responded to these challenges with resistance and resilience, and were able to affect change and wield power within certain constraints.
Secondly, I compare the experiences of migration and settlement for Italian immigrant women in Canada and Australia and show how women's experiences were united by common gender concerns. I found overwhelming similarities between the family lives and work experiences of Italian-Canadian and Italian-Australian immigrant women, and in the government policies and programs that attempted to direct their migration and settlement in the post-war period.
Finally, I examine how Italian immigrant women helped to construct what it means to be 'Italian' in post-war Canada and Australia. I show how gender roles assigned to, and chosen by, Italian-Canadian and Italian-Australian women, served as boundary markers for ethnic difference. Perceived differences in attitudes towards waged work, mothering, family responsibilities and sexuality were used by Italian immigrant women to distinguish themselves as members of an ethnic collective.
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Jheeta, Swinder Kaur. "Disownment of Indo-Canadian women." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28076.
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This study explores the psychological and social aspects of the experience of being disowned. Disownment can arise at two levels. At the intrapersonal level disownment is characterized by: the repression of emotions, needs, and aspects of one's personality. At the interpersonal level, disownment involves the complete break in social, emotional, economic, familial support and community relations. This paper examines the relationship between the two. Ten Indo-Canadian women who had experienced an aspect of disownment were interviewed. Results revealed that a variety of factors can precipitate this stressful event. How these women cope with the experience was determined by factors which either facilitated or hindered the adjustment process. From the analysis of the data, disownment not only resulted as a consequence of a life transition but it also emerged as a transitional process. The disownment model is presented to provide a framework for understanding this underlying process. The three stage model of disownment describes the: 1) anticipation of shift, 2) adjustment and 3) re-integration. Implications of the model for counseling and research are also discussed.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Morel, Sylvie. "Penurie d'emploi et discrimination à l'endroit des femmes sur le marche du travail." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61272.
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This thesis analyses the relation between the phenomenon of job scarcity and discrimination against women in the labour market. Job scarcity, that is the inadequate quantity of available jobs relative to the number of persons able to hold them, which is a chronic problem, has played an important role in the development of discrimination. The hypothesis of the thesis is that a positive relation exists between discrimination against women and job scarcity: as employment opportunities deteriorate discrimination intensifies.The thesis verifies the discriminatory effects of job scarcity by examining the process of job allocation in the economy. An historical study covering the end of the last century to the crisis of the 1930's is the vehicle used to examine the employment rationing mechanisms that consolidated discriminatory practices.
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Feng, Jing. "Geographies of Employment among Chinese High-Tech Immigrants in Canada: An Ottawa-Gatineau case study." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34983.
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For a number of years, Canadian immigration selection policy has deliberately emphasized the human capital characteristics of applicants in determining admissibility for permanent residence. Largely due to these measures, Chinese immigrants today are overwhelmingly well-educated and skilled. This thesis examines the role of geography in shaping Chinese newcomers’ post-arrival employment status, with an emphasis on working in the high-tech sector. Given that Ottawa is a leading node of high-tech employment in Canada, this project initially investigates the probability that Chinese newcomers will work in the high-tech sector in Ottawa-Gatineau relative to other cities. The project subsequently examines the degree to which employment in the high-tech sector in Ottawa-Gatineau is related to ethnic, social and demographic characteristics of local spaces where people live and work. All aspects of the study adopt a gender lens with respect to interpreting employment status. The study finds that Chinese immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau are more likely to work in this sector than their counterparts in Vancouver and Toronto. They are also more likely to work in high-tech relative to individuals in other immigrant groups or the Canadian-born population. With respect to co-ethnic residential and work spatial configurations, as well as social and demographic characteristics of residential neighbourhoods, the study finds that these factors exert quite different influences on the likelihood that Chinese women and men will work in Ottawa-Gatineau’s high-tech sector. The results are quite distinctly different for women and men, and underline the importance of a gendered analysis of relationships between geographic location/place and employment status.
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Rashid, Ruksana, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Health Sciences. ""Loneliness is killing me" : life stories and resilience of Canadian immigrant women." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3067.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and life-stories of recent Canadian immigrant women and their resilience in every day life. A qualitative methodology involving repeated in-depth person-centered interviewing (two to three interviews for each participant) focused on a holistic and in-depth understanding of resilience. Five immigrant women volunteered to participate in the study. Snowball sampling and ‘word of mouth’ were used to recruit participants. Narrative analysis (first level) and thematic analysis (second level) were used to explore. In addition to the life stories, three major themes emerged from the data: Life before Canada; A Journey of Compound Stressors; and Resilience in Everyday Life. Loneliness surfaced as a dominant stressor among the participants as a consequence of immigration. The absence of friendships within the context of immigration was a new finding emerging from this study. Findings further our understanding of recent Canadian immigrant women’s life experiences and concomitantly their resilience. Suggestions for future research are addressed in this study.xiii, 262 leaves ; 29 cm
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Partridge, May Sheila Stella. "Strategies of employment and family : university-educated women in Canada and Hong Kong /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17594534.
Full textBooks on the topic "Women immigrants – Employment – Canada"
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Ng, Roxana. The documentary construction of "immigrant women" in Canada. East Lansing, MI (202 International Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1035): Office of Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1988.
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Billingsley, Brenda. Non-white women's place: Visible minority women in a metropolitan labour force: final report, submitted to Women's Bureau, Labour Canada. [Toronto]: Social Planning Council of Metropolitan Toronto, 1985.
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Global care work: Gender and migration in Nordic societies. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2010.
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Politics of community services: Immigrant women, class, and state. 2nd ed. Halifax, N.S: Fernwood Publishing, 1996.
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Musisi, Nakanyike B. African women and the Metropolitan Toronto labour market in the 1990s: Migrating to a multicultural society in a recession. [Toronto: s.n.], 1995.
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Manankil, Arlene. The incorporation and feminization of Filipino women into the domestic industry. [Toronto: s.n., 1994.
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Seward, Shirley B. Immigrant women in Canada: A policy perspective. Ottawa: Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women, 1988.
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Netting, Nancy S. Immigrant women: Outsiders inside Canada. Kelowna, B.C: Multicultural Society of Kelowna, 1985.
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Almey, Marcia. Statistics Canada data sources on immigrant women. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Statistics Canada, 1997.
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Seydegart, Kasia. Beyond dialogue: Immigrant women in Canada, 1985-1990. [Ottawa?]: Erin Research Inc., 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Women immigrants – Employment – Canada"
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Chan, Elic, and Eric Fong. "7. Social, Economic, and Demographic Characteristics of Korean Self- Employment in Canada." In Korean Immigrants in Canada, 115–32. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442690387-010.
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England, Kim. "Chapter 4. Women, Intersectionality, and Employment Equity." In Employment Equity in Canada, 71–98. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442668515-007.
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Ellis, Claire, and Anna Triandafyllidou. "Precarity, Opportunity, and Adaptation: Recently Arrived Immigrant and Refugee Experiences Navigating the Canadian Labour Market." In IMISCOE Research Series, 101–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14009-9_5.
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AbstractImmigrants and refugees have contributed significant growth in the Canadian economy over the last three decades. Despite clear advantages of a smooth transition into the labour force, many newcomers experience multiple barriers impeding their pathways to sustainable livelihoods. Further, significant increases in refugee resettlement and asylum claims in Canada since 2015 resulted in a growing number of refugee newcomers entering the labour market, often facing additional challenges of precarious legal status while seeking employment. To interrogate the settlement landscape, this chapter examines newcomers’ employment-related needs, experiences, and aspirations through a case study of migrants and refugees in Greater Toronto. Using narrative-biographic interviews, the chapter presents an ethnographic approach to examine how individual migrants navigate labour market policies and settlement dynamics during their initial years. A biographical approach allowed us to focus on the interplay of migrant agency, precarity, and adaption to both long-standing labour market dynamics as well as new barriers and enablers brought on by the shifting sands of Canada’s pandemic affected economy. The chapter highlights how emotions, decisions, and actions are inter-related and coalesce with broader structural conditions within a network of actors – individuals, networks, and institutions – to shape the labour market experiences of recently arrived immigrants and refugees.
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Mendlinger, Sheryl E. "Researcher’s Reflection: Learning About Menstruation Across Time and Culture." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 441–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_34.
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Abstract Mendlinger looks at the ethnically pluralistic society of Israel to explore how young women acquire the knowledge informing their health behaviors including those related to menstruation. Beginning with the origin story of her research agenda at a time of mass immigration to Israel, she then offers the main findings from 48 in-depth interviews with mothers and daughters that fall into several categories of mother-and-daughter dyads: native-born Israelis and those composed of immigrants from North Africa, Europe, the Former Soviet Union (FSU), United States or Canada, and Ethiopia, each bringing traditional knowledge and practices to bear on what it means to menstruate. Mendlinger’s work, anchored by the voices of women, vividly demonstrates that four types of knowledge: traditional, embodied, technical, and authoritative that are passed generationally from mother to daughter change through the immigration process.
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Brinbaum, Yaël. "Access to Employment of the Second Generations in France: Unequal Role of Family and Personal Networks by Origins and Gender." In IMISCOE Research Series, 83–120. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94972-3_5.
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AbstractUsing data from the Trajectories and Origins survey (TeO), this chapter investigates the role of networks in access to employment of descendants of immigrants in France. I compare the recruitment channels and the type of networks used by various origin groups and the majority population. And I analyse the determinants of obtaining a job through family ties or personal networks, disentangling the effects of origin from other individual characteristics, and the nature of the job obtained. I show that the use of networks – and the kind of networks - to get jobs varies by origin groups and by gender. Within-group differences exist also according to education, family background and place of residence, as well as by sector of employment. Controlling for similar characteristics, family ties play help descendants of migrants from Turkey to get a job, and to a lesser extent, descendants from Portugal. This helps explain ethnic segregation and the quality of the jobs of these groups. Descendants of migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and from North Africa were less likely to obtain less their job through networks. This is especially true for women, who compensate by using more formal methods. These groups would need stronger networks or intermediaries to provide trusted information to employers and reduce discrimination and racism. This chapter thus contributes to a better understanding of the inequalities faced by various origin groups in the French labour market.
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Mexi, Maria M. "Switzerland and the Two Faces of Integration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 75–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14009-9_4.
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AbstractIn recent years, awareness of the socio-economic costs of immigrants’ marginalisation and exclusion has led Swiss policymakers to promote integration. However, the biographical interviews with migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers (MRAs) who arrived in Switzerland between 2014 and 2019 tell a different story. MRAs consider themselves not well integrated, while the labour market outcomes of certain migrant groups are diverging. Particularly migrant women run the risk of being left behind. This chapter sheds light on these aspects. It also argues that policymaking can only be effective if it considers all structural and agential factors in their interdependence. The chapter illuminates a discrepancy between, on one hand, structural changes that do not always shape aspirations of Swiss policy actors for successful and promising policy implementation and, on the other, the realities of the migrants’ lives. Their experiences of deskilling and a consequent feeling of not being welcome lead to the development of negative epiphanic views on the inability to access gainful employment. The illuminated synergistic relationship between structural and agential factors are very instructive for policymaking: leaving agential considerations outside the scope of structural reforms can expose migrants to further risks and vulnerabilities, and exacerbate inequalities within host societies.
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Cranford, Cynthia J. "Gender, Migration, and the Pursuit of Security." In Home Care Fault Lines, 20–39. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749254.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses how dynamic processes of gendering, racialization, and precarization make diverse people into personal support workers who lack security at the labor market and intimate levels. Enduring gendered inequalities that relegate more women than men to unpaid domestic work serve to structure and justify the concentration of women in this paid domestic work and its devaluation. What immigrant women from professional and working-class backgrounds had in common that shaped their eventual location in personal support was the marginal place of their nation of origin in the global economy vis-à-vis the United States, Canada, and by extension Britain. Gendered and racialized migration shaped the location of immigrant workers in North America, but their entry into personal support had as much to do with dynamics in the local labor markets of Toronto and Los Angeles, namely the intersection of racialization, gendering, ageism, and precarious employment, supported by the state. Social networks certainly opened up jobs to immigrant workers with few other options, but these jobs were precarious.
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Harney, Robert F. "Men without Women: Italian Migrants in Canada, 1885-1930." In A Nation of Immigrants, 206–30. University of Toronto Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442687271-016.
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Peng, Ito, and Margot Lettner. "5. Review of Health and Policy Research on Older Immigrants." In Racialized Migrant Women in Canada, edited by Vijay Agnew. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442689848-007.
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Caulford, Paul, and Sumathy Rahunathan. "Caring for Refugees, New Immigrants, and Uninsured Women." In Ethical Issues in Women's Healthcare, edited by Lori d’Agincourt-Canning and Carolyn Ells, 45–62. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190851361.003.0003.
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This chapter considers ethical issues related to care of immigrant women and refugees. Even in a country like Canada with a “universal” public healthcare system and a humanitarian history of opening its doors to refugees and immigrants, inconsistent and fragmented policies leave large gaps in healthcare access for refugees and immigrant women. These, in turn, result in harms to the health, safety, and potential life opportunities and trajectories for women and girls new to the country. This chapter identifies these gaps and insists that healthcare access must become a central part of the broader conversation on social responsibility to refugees, women, and their families. The issues raised in the Canadian context have applicability to international jurisdictions.
Conference papers on the topic "Women immigrants – Employment – Canada"
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Mutiku, Johannes Kioko, and Hannah Kiaritha. "Increasing the Enrolment of Women and Girls in TVET in Africa through the Women in Technical Education and Development (WITED)." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.9725.
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This paper is for The PCF10 and on the sub theme “Promoting Equity and Inclusion” at the Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning (PCF10), Calgary, Canada. The author discusses how the enrollment of women and girls in TVETs in Africa is being increased through ‘’Women in Technical Education and Development (WITED)’’, a program of the Association of Technical Education and Development in Africa (ATUPA) and supported by the Commonwealth of Learning (COL). The paper gives: the background to the WITED program; the objective and strategies applied; revitalizing WITED through COL and ATUPA Women in STEM (CAWS) Project; the intended outcomes of the WITED Program and finally the conclusions. The methodology of this paper is desk research combined with interviews of the “WITED Champions”. The authors extensively examine available documents on WITED. The UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development aims to: “eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations” by 2030 (SDG target 4.5); and “achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value” (SDG target 8.5). Equality and non-discrimination are also reflected in the UN’s “Leaving no one behind” framework, endorsed by the United Nation System’s Chief Executives Board for Coordination. Women in Technical Education and Training (WITED) is a program which was initiated by Commonwealth Association of Polytechnics in Africa (CAPA), now Association of Technical Universities and Polytechnics in Africa (ATUPA), with the support of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and Commonwealth of Learning (COL) back in 1988. The author seek to evaluate the impact achieved by the programme, the challenges encountered and finally make a call to action by recommending ways by which the programe can reach more girls and women and bring them into TVET programmes.
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Choi, Seungeun. "RETHINKING THE OTHER FOR MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION – FOCUSED ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF BUBER AND LEVINAS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end110.
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The number of foreigners residing in Korea exceeded 2.5 million for the first time ever. As the ratio of foreigners to the total population approaches 5%, it is evaluated that Korea has actually entered a multicultural society. It is known that among the types of foreigners staying there are many young foreigners who visit Korea for the purpose of employment. The number of marriage immigrants was 16,025, an increase of 4.3% from the previous year. Of these, 82.6% were women. Entering a multicultural society in a situation where empathy for each other is insufficient can lead to social conflict. In particular, in the COVID-19 pandemic, hostility toward foreigners is more prevalent, and hatred for strangers is increasing. This study critically analyzes these social phenomena and seeks to raise the philosophical basis for multicultural education by establishing a concept with a new perspective on the other. This paper focuses on the philosophy of Buber and Levinas. By establishing 'I and You' as a meeting, Buber presented a new relationship with others. Meanwhile, Levinas emphasized human ethics and responsibility as the absolute and infinite being of the other. According to Buber, in the world there is a relationship between 'I-You' and 'I-It', and in order to live a true life, you must establish a relationship between 'I and you'. The relationship between 'I and it' is a temporary and mechanical relationship where objects can be replaced at any time by looking at the world from an instrumental point of view. However, the relationship between 'I and You' is a relationship that faces each other personally, and the only 'I' that cannot be changed with anything and the 'You' that cannot be replaced exist in deep trust. In phenomenology of otherness, Levinas intends to describe the encounter with the something outside the subject. The concepts of possession, distinctiveness and understanding are replaced by those of approaches, proximity, care and fecundity. In Korean society, a policy that seeks to use foreigners as human resources and, especially in the case of marriage immigrant women, as a solution to a society with low birthrates along with the labor force, shows how society treats others. Therefore, multicultural education must rethink the existence and dignity of human beings through the perspective of the other as asserted in the philosophy of Buber and Levinas.