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Journal articles on the topic "Women Health and hygiene Victoria"
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Falk, Joern, Björn Globisch, Martin Angelmahr, Wolfgang Schade, and Heike Schenk-Mathes. "Drinking Water Supply in Rural Africa Based on a Mini-Grid Energy System—A Socio-Economic Case Study for Rural Development." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 9458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159458.
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Water is an essential resource required for various human activities such as drinking, cooking, growing food, and personal hygiene. As a key infrastructure of public services, access to clean and safe drinking water is an essential factor for local socio-economic development. Despite various national and international efforts, water supply is often not guaranteed, especially in rural areas of Africa. Although many water resources are theoretically available in these areas, bodies of water are often contaminated with dangerous pathogens and pollutants. As a result, people, often women and children, have to travel long distances to collect water from taps and are exposed to dangers such as physical violence and accidents on their way. In this article, we present a socio-economic case study for rural development. We describe a drinking water treatment plant with an annual capacity of 10,950 m3 on Kibumba Island in Lake Victoria (Tanzania). The plant is operated by a photovoltaic mini-grid system with second-life lithium-ion battery storage. We describe the planning, the installation, and the start of operation of the water treatment system. In addition, we estimate the water prices achievable with the proposed system and compare it to existing sources of drinking water on Kibumba Island. Assuming a useful life of 15 years, the installed drinking water system is cost-neutral for the community at a cost price of 0.70 EUR/m3, 22% less than any other source of clean water on Kibumba Island. Access to safe and clean drinking water is a major step forward for the local population. We investigate the socio-economic added value using social and economic key indicators like health, education, and income. Hence, this approach may serve as a role model for community-owned drinking water systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Minarni Minarni, Zulfikri Zulfikri, Muhammad Faisal, and Arnetty Arnetty. "Oral Dental Health and Hygiene Maintenance for Pregnant Women at Taram Public Health Center in Lima Puluh Kota Regency." International Journal Of Health Science 2, no. 3 (November 22, 2022): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/ijhs.v2i3.956.
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Oral Health and Hygiene Maintenance for Pregnant Women at Taram Public Health Center in Lima Puluh Kota Regency. Hormonal changes in pregnant women cause various complaints, such as cravings, nausea, vomiting, including toothache as a result of neglecting oral hygiene. Changes in diet and habits of not maintaining oral hygiene due to fatigue, nausea and vomiting in some pregnant women can increase the risk of dental and oral diseases, which will affect the condition of their pregnancy. This type of research is descriptive with a sample size of 124 people taken by simple random sampling. The research was conducted at Taram Public Health Center in Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires to determine the actions of pregnant women in maintaining oral hygiene, as well as conducting dental and oral hygiene checks based on the Oral Hygiene Index (OHIS-S). The results showed that oral health and hygiene maintenance for pregnant women in the work area of the Taram Public Health Center was good, but the oral hygiene are moderate. Based on research on 124 pregnant women in the working area of the Taram Public Health Center, it can be concluded that the oral dental and hygiene maintenance actions of pregnant women are mostly in the good category.
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Sharma, Priya, and NL Gupta. "Menstrual hygiene and infections: Menacing women health." International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 9, no. 2 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_92_19.
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Shabbir, Saima, Masooma Zahid, Aamna Qazi, and Syed Muneeb Younus. "ORAL HYGIENE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 01 (January 10, 2015): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.01.1418.
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Objective: To define the self-reported oral health knowledge, attitudes and oralhygiene habits, among pregnant women getting antenatal care at Kulsoom Bai Valika HospitalKarachi. Method and Material: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conductedat the KVSS Site Hospital antenatal clinic during the period January - June 2013. The data wasanalyzed using the SPSS for Windows (version 16.0; SPSS Inc. Chicago. IL) statistical softwarepackage and was validated visually. Result: Most of the respondents revealed a reasonablelevel of oral health knowledge and positive attitudes towards oral health. However, there weregaps in the oral health knowledge of the women surveyed. The relationship between the levelof oral health knowledge and ethnicity (p=0.856), level of education (p=0.079), age category(p= 0.166), and trimester of pregnancy (p=0.219) were not statistically significant. In addition,the women’s knowledge and attitude towards oral health was not reflected in their oral hygienepractices. Conclusions: There is a need to provide oral health education for pregnant womenduring antenatal care in order to highlight the significance of good oral health in achieving goodhealth for both the mother and her baby.
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Wahyu, Dwi, K. Kusumaningtyas, and E. Pratami. "Health Education-Based Effectiveness of Health Belief Model on Vulva Hygiene Behavior in Prevention of Vaginal Discharge for Pregnant Woman." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T6 (March 5, 2022): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7771.
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Introduction: Leucorrhoea can endanger pregnancy and result premature labor. Health education is needed for good vulva hygiene behavior. This study aims to explain the effectiveness of Health Education (HE) based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on Vulva Hygiene Behavior in the Prevention of Leucorrhoea in Pregnant Women. Method: The first stage of research was literature study, expert discussion, and development of an intervention module. The participants were pregnant women in the second trimester. The instrument is the researcher. An interview guide with a questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis. The second stage of research used the quasi-experimental design (pre and post-testdesign). The independent variable is Health Education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). The dependent variable is the behavior of Vulva Hygiene in the prevention of vaginal discharge for pregnant women. An instrument with a questionnaire. Data collection through pre-test, intervention, post-test. The number of participants in each group was 30 participants. Research at the Kedungdoro Public Health Center in Surabaya from December 2019-October 2020. Result: The first stage of research, showed that several trimester II pregnant women performed vulva hygiene correctly and some did not know how to do vulva hygiene, some did not do vulva hygiene. The module consists of 4 themes. The Health Education (HE) experimental group based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) was effective on Vulva Hygiene behavior in preventing vaginal discharge in pregnant women with a value (P) = 0.000. The Health Education (He) control group based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) was not effective on vulva hygiene behavior in preventing vaginal discharge in pregnant women with a value (P) = 0.083. The results of the pre-test of vulva hygiene behavior in the prevention of vaginal discharge in the non-intervention group and the intervention group were not different with a value (P) of 0.488> 0.05. In the post-test of vulva hygiene behavior in the intervention group and the non-intervention group, there was a difference with a value (P) of 0.000 <0.05. Analysis: Through Health Education based on the Health Belief Model, it can increase the confidence of each individual to behave healthily, in the form of prevention and use of health facilities. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is the main framework for healthy behavior. This gives HBM a function as a preventive or preventive model. Discuss: The behavior of vulva hygiene in preventing vaginal discharge in pregnant women between the experimental group and the control group was a significant difference.
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Gandhi, Ashwini Bhalerao, Nina Madnani, Vidya Thobbi, Priya Vora, Shobhit Seth, and Poonam Shah. "Intimate hygiene for women: expert practice points." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221962.
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Intimate hygiene is an important health aspect of females in day-to-day life. The practices of intimate hygiene vary widely around the globe due to cultural and religious beliefs. Currently, professional recommendations are limited in advising the optimal hygiene practices. Inappropriate practices can be concerning with the possibility of the development of infectious complications. Regular use of hygiene practices can improve overall health and boost self-confidence in females. In this review, we provided our expert suggestions on the importance and standard practices that can be adopted by females worldwide for adequate and effective intimate hygiene.
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Kafle, Shristi, Harender Singh, and Basant Sharma. "ORAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.487.
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Background: Physiological alterations manifesting during pregnancy may influence oral health of women by increasing the susceptibility to oral infections. This study was carried out to assess oral hygiene status, gingival status, periodontal status and treatment needs (TNs) among pregnant and nonpregnant women. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in patients attending Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal from December 2020 to June 2021. A total of 102 pregnant (34 in each trimester) and 102 nonpregnant women of 15-49 years fulfilling all inclusion criteria were evaluated for oral health status by various indices including oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), and community periodontal index and treatment needs (CPITN). Convenience sampling technique was done. Data was analysed in SPSS v.26.0. Results: The mean scores of OHI-S, GI and CPITN were statistically (p value<0.001) higher in pregnant women compared to nonpregnant women; highest in third trimester followed by second and first trimesters. In both groups, majority were found to have score 2 for treatment needs. TN2, encompassing oral hygiene instructions and oral prophylaxis was required by 92.2% of nonpregnant women, 100% of pregnant women in first trimester, 88.2% and 5.9 % in second and third trimesters respectively. Majority (94.1%) of pregnant women in third trimester required TN3 complex treatment. Conclusions: Pregnant women found to have poor oral hygiene status, more gingivitis and periodontal diseases as compared to nonpregnant women. Implementation of proper oral hygiene practices can prevent oral diseases and its further complications.
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Chen, Ying, Elizabeth Bruning, Joseph Rubino, and Scott E. Eder. "Role of female intimate hygiene in vulvovaginal health: Global hygiene practices and product usage." Women's Health 13, no. 3 (September 22, 2017): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745505717731011.
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Women use various feminine hygiene products, often as part of their daily cleansing routine; however, there is a paucity of published medical literature related to the external vulva and how personal hygiene practices can affect it. This review article provides background information on the physiological changes that occur during women’s lives and reviews the relevance of transient and resident microbiota as they relate to common vaginal and vulvar disorders. It also discusses the need for female intimate hygiene, common practices of feminine hygiene from a global perspective, and the potential benefits of using suitable external, topical feminine vulvar washes to minimize the risk of vulvovaginal disorders and to improve overall intimate health in women around the world. Supported by international guidelines, daily gentle cleansing of the vulva is an important aspect of feminine hygiene and overall intimate health. Women should be encouraged to choose a carefully formulated and clinically tested external wash that provides targeted antimicrobial and other health benefits without negatively impacting on the natural vulvovaginal microbiota.
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Ben David, Mordechai, Yaffa Callen, Hila Eliasi, Benjamin Peretz, Rasha Odeh-Natour, Michal Ben David Hadani, and Sigalit Blumer. "Oral Health and Knowledge among Postpartum Women." Children 9, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9101449.
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Oral health behavior and risks during pregnancy and after birth affect the oral health of babies and toddlers. We examined the oral and gingival health and caries prevalence of 150 postpartum women shortly after giving birth and assessed their knowledge of oral hygiene using a questionnaire. We also compared the oral health knowledge of nulliparous and multiparous women. Although most participants (98.0%) understood the importance of maintaining oral hygiene in children, their overall knowledge of oral health was medium–low, regardless of the number of previous pregnancies. Only 4.6% of women received oral health advice from their obstetrician during their pregnancy. Most participants had a high gingival index score, which correlated with dental pain during pregnancy. In contrast, the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth was significantly lower in first-time mothers. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between women who regularly visit their dentist and those who regularly take their children to the dentist. Expecting mothers should be educated about their own oral health and that of their developing fetus and children. Raising awareness among obstetricians with regards to this topic may be an effective way to achieve this.
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Ingle, Navin Anand, V. Chandrasekhara Reddy, Akila Ganesh, and Preetha Elizabeth Chaly. "A Survey On Dental Knowledge and Gingival Health of Pregnant Women Attending Government Maternity Hospital, Chennai." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 5, no. 1 (January 2011): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-5-1-24.
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ABSTRACT Gingival diseases are quite common during pregnancy. Aim A study was done to determine dental knowledge and gingival health of pregnant women. Materials and Methods The survey was done on 208 antenatal women attending Government Maternity Hospital, Chennai. The dental knowledge was assessed by a close-ended questionnaire. Oral hygiene and gingival health were assessed using Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified and Gingival Index. Statistical analysis using McNemars Chi Square Test and Karl Pearson's Correlation test were done to evaluate the data. Results More than 96.6% (201) of the women had good dental knowledge. Mild, moderate and severe gingivitis was found to be 49.5% (103), 46.6% (97) and 3.8% (8), respectively. 7.2% (15), 66.8% (139) and 26% (54) had good, fair and poor oral hygiene, respectively. There was a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between the OHI-S and GI scores (p = 0.001, Karl Pearson's Correlation Coefficient = 0.57). Conclusion Women should be educated on good oral hygiene practices so as to minimise prevalence of gingivitis during pregnancy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women Health and hygiene Victoria"
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Yacelga, Calderon Elva Susana. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning alimentary customs and beliefs of women with children younger than 5 years old, nursing and pregnant mothers, of the following ethnic groups: black, mixed race and natives in three rural regions of the Imbabura province, 1998-1999." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2000. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5453.
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Ecuador, a country of multi-ethnic culture, has very acute health problems, especially in rural areas where two out of every three poverty-stricken Ecuadorians live. 77% of the population under 18 years of age is under the poverty level. The greater part of the indigenous population inhabits the rural areas of the Andes and the Amazon. 76% of children in the rural Andes are poor. Little Afro-Ecuadorian boys and girls also face severe disadvantages where, in the rural areas, poverty climbs above 70% of the population under 18 years of age. Academic desertion is another factor that affects especially the young women, who have to assume agricultural and communitary jobs due to the adult men's migration to the cities. In areas of indigenous population, chronic malnutrition in those who are under five years of age ascends to 65.3% while the national average reaches 49.4%. Another at-risk group is expecting mothers. Of every 1,000 births, 70 will die before living one year, and for every 100,000 births, 198 mothers die. The Province of Imbabura is rich in alimentary production and has hot, cold, and temperate climates which in turn contribute to a diversity of cultivated products. Nevertheless, the polarization of wealth and the existence of classes with low income levels lessen the possibility of acquiring good nutrition. To this is added the individual nutritional customs and beliefs of each culture that do not allow adequate nourishment in communities which are principally indigenous, Mestizo, and Black. Indigenous, Mestizo, and Black communities have very small parcels of land (minifundios or "small farms") which they cultivate with few resources and tools. This destines the majority for living conditions of extreme poverty. The majority of Mestizos are unemployed or semi-employed, have limited health services, and lack a basic sanitary infrastructure. Another minority group is the Blacks, the majority of whom cultivate fruit and legumes, who also have limited health services and a barely acceptable sanitary infrastructure. In addition, all of these people are victims of racism and federal neglect, and claim the highest rates in general, infant, and maternal mortality in the country. This reality makes difficult the development of adequate training activities which bring about the improvement of the nutritional state of the designated at-risk groups: nursing babies, children under five years of age, and pregnant women. Facing this lacerative situation, and thanks to the support of the EZRA TAFT BENSON Institute (Agriculture and Food Institute. Brigham Young University), we designed this study to determine the understanding, attitudes, and practices in nutritional traditions and beliefs of mothers of nursing babies, children under five years old, and expecting mothers. These three groups were analyzed within the three ethnic groups in the communities of Chota, La Gangotena, and Chilcapamba-communities selected randomly and because of their ethnic populations. In the mothers of the three ethnic groups, we found similar beliefs regarding certain foods. But, there are also discrepancies regarding other recommended and prohibited foods. Diets have a lack of indispensable foods such as vitamins and minerals. Even though these goods are produced in the communities, they are not administered due to stronger ancestral traditions and beliefs. This study provides profound knowledge of their nutritional traditions and beliefs, and with the results, an appropriate intervening proposition may be formulated. The proposition will permit the bettering of alimentary and nutritional conditions in nursing babies, children under five years, and pregnant women by ethnic groups. The Universidad Ténica del Norte has complied in this manner with the social commitment assigned by the State for improving the quality of life of Ecuadorians in general and of the groups studied in particular.
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Meliala, Andreanyta 1971. "Dietary phytoestrogens and hormone-related health conditions in men and women." Monash University, Monash Asia Institute, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8504.
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Hunt, Kate. "Understanding gender and health : systematically comparing the health and health experiences of men and women." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/99/.
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Gender differences in health are the product of a complex interaction between biology and the social world. Our ascribed sex and how this is interpreted in the culture within which we live (gender) have life-long consequences for our life chances, including our health. For many years the aphorism that ‘men die quicker but women are sicker’ was presumed to encapsulate gender differences in health. The first paper presented in the thesis challenged this dominant paradigm. First, an analysis of morbidity in two British data sets showed more similarity than difference between men and women. Secondly, we highlighted earlier research with similar results which had been overlooked and failed to shake the ‘gender orthodoxy’. Thirdly, we stressed the ahistoric and decontextualised way in which research on gender and health had been conducted or reported. The remaining papers in the thesis share two underlying principles; all make systematic comparisons between men and women, and all attempt to also examine diversity within gender. All but one of the papers utilise data from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study, a study of the social patterning of health in three age cohorts. The second paper examined the impact of paid and unpaid work on symptoms, treating each domain as being relevant in principle to the health of both women and men. The experience of paid work was the predominant influence on malaise symptoms, and unpaid work in the home did not explain any variation in men’s symptom scores. Similar associations were seen between most aspects of paid work and malaise symptom scores in both genders. The paper highlighted the dearth of literature that had compared systematically either the conditions of men’s and women’s paid work, or the health effects of the paid and unpaid work environment for men and women. Men’s ‘under-usage’ of health care is often constructed as a problem, potentially reinforcing an assumption that women ‘over-use’ health care. On average, women have more consultations with their general practitioner, but this excess is mostly apparent in the reproductive years. The third paper examined whether these gender differences exist when taking account of the underlying nature and perceived severity of illness. Women were no more likely than men to have consulted their GP in the past year amongst those reporting morbidity in any of the five condition groups, and men were more likely to have consulted amongst those who reported digestive conditions. The fourth paper takes as its starting point the strong patterning of cigarette smoking by gender (and class) throughout the twentieth century. In it we examined the relationship between ‘masculinity’ and ‘femininity’ scores using the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI, an instrument developed within social psychology in the 1970s). No relationship was seen between either score and smoking in the youngest cohort, nor amongst men in the middle cohort, and in the oldest cohort there was only a suggestion of an association between higher femininity scores and smoking in men. The strongest relationship was seen between ‘femininity’ score and smoking amongst women born in the 1950s who also had a somewhat elevated risk associated with higher ‘masculinity’ scores. Suicide and suicidal behaviours are strongly patterned by gender, and the dramatic rise in suicides amongst young males in the late 1980s and 1990s in several countries was often attributed to a ‘crisis’ in masculinity. The fifth paper examines the association between serious suicidal thoughts and the same measures of ‘masculinity’ and ‘femininity’ and a measure of gender traditionalism. In both men and women in early and late middle age, we found a negative association between higher ‘masculinity scores’ and serious suicidal thoughts, and a positive association between more traditional gender role attitudes and serious suicidal thoughts at older ages. No such associations were seen in early adulthood, and no relationship was seen between serious suicidal thoughts and ‘femininity’ scores at any age. Gender differences in the pattern of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality have been described as enigmatic and one of the most striking features of cardiovascular mortality in the twentieth century. In an analysis controlling for many of the classic risk factors for CHD (smoking, blood pressure, body mass index, mental health), we found that higher ‘femininity’ scores (using continuous scores from the BSRI) were associated with a decreased risk of CHD mortality in men. No such association was seen in women, and the continuous ‘masculinity’ scores were unrelated to mortality in both women and men. Some advantages and problems with using these measures of ‘masculinity’ and ‘femininity’ in sociological research on gender and health are discussed. Previous research on one distressing side effect of some cancer treatments, chemotherapy-induced hair loss, has almost exclusively focussed on women. The final paper compares young adults’ experiences of hair loss following chemotherapy. Hair loss was a challenging aspect of the experience of cancer for both women and men which made them acutely aware of their vulnerability and visibility as a ‘cancer patient’. Both recounted negative reactions to their altered image, challenging social norms of interaction. However, there were two notable gender differences: it was only men who discussed the loss of body hair below the eyeline; and only women who spoke of being encouraged to wear wigs or offered ice helmets to delay or disguise hair loss. These differences are discussed in relation to social constructions of hair as a marker social identity, including gender. I argue that the gender-comparative approach taken reveals important commonalities across gender, highlighting a greater need for more support for men with chemotherapy induced alopecia, and makes what is not said in the women’s interviews as revealing as what is said in men’s. The concluding remarks highlight the challenges in researching gender and health, and discuss the complex ways in which gender can influence health and vice-versa.
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Carango, Kathryn Price. "An analysis of President Barack Obama's Global Health Initiative within the framework of a women-centered approach to the socialdeterminants of health." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45170757.
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Plugge, Emma. "A longitudinal study to investigate how imprisonment affects the health of women." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670157.
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Caruth, Fran. "The health of Canadian women in the workforce : a comparison between homemaker women, workforce women and workforce men based on the 1979 Canada health survey." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26181.
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In the past twenty-five years there has been a marked increase in the number of women in the paid labour force, especially among women with young children. Time studies have shown that when a woman has a young family plus a position in the paid labour force, she works a very long day and has little time for recreational or leisure pursuits.
This thesis therefore poses the following questions:
1. Do women who participate in the paid labour force report poorer health status than their counterparts who are homemakers?
2. Do women who participate in the paid labour force exhibit lifestyle patterns significantly different from their homemaker counterparts?
3. Do women in the paid labour force exhibit health care utilization patterns significantly different from their homemaker counterparts?
and 4. Do women's lifestyles, reported health status and health care
utilization patterns differ from those of their male counterparts in the paid labour force?
Data from the 1978-79 Canada Health Survey (C.H.S.), which had asked a wide cross-section of Canadians about their lifestyle, health status and use of the health care system, were used to explore these questions. A model was then developed for this study which linked health risk behaviours, health status and health care related behaviours, and which used the variables available in the C.H.S. data base. Multiple Classification Analyses were carried out to determine the best predictors of women's health risk behaviours, health status and health care related behaviours. The three study groups were then standardized using the top two predictors and the rates of the various states and behaviours were compared.
First, in the prediction of women's health risk behaviours, the demographic variables included in the model were not effective as only 3-4% of the variance in the scores could be explained. Secondly, in the prediction of health status scores, the composite health risk scores developed for each subject plus the demographic variables were able to explain 4 - 11% of the variation. Thirdly, in the prediction of women's health care related behaviours the composite health risk scores, the health status scores and the demographic variables were together able to explain 14 - 27% of the variance.
When the standardized rates for high health risk behaviours were compared, there were significant differences between the three groups but no group was consistently better or worse than any other. The men's group however, consistently reported better health and less use of the health care system. The women's groups reported similar health states but women in the paid labour force reported a higher use of medications and fewer days in hospital.
The C.H.S. was designed to address issues which affect the whole population. The questions therefore, were not always sufficiently specific to describe the special circumstances of women, especially for example in their childbearing and nurturing years. The rapidly changing social and economic circumstances of women and their families, as women enter the paid labour force, plus the need for more information on their health risk behaviours - what these behaviours are, and what predisposes women to engage in them - point to the need for more research focused specifically on this section of the population.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
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Carter, Alice Powers. "Biopsychosocial Factors Related to Health among Older Women." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277811/.
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Older adults are more vulnerable to the ill effects of life stress due to physiological changes associated with aging that result in decreased immunocompetence. Stressors interacting with an aging immune system may produce further declines in health. Variables shown to modulate the effect of stressors on neuroendocrine and immune function and health include social support, personality, coping style, and health locus of control. A comprehensive model is proposed that includes: life stressors, social resources, psychological resources, interaction between stressors and social resources, neuroendocrine and immune function, and symptomatology. This model was evaluated using structured equation modeling. Participants were 97 active, community dwelling, older women, ranging in age from 60 to 93 years.
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Cooper, Diane. "Women's social position and their health : a case study of the social determinants of the health of women in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14955.
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Includes bibliographical references.This thesis examines the social determinants of women's health status, health knowledge and knowledge and use of health services in a peri-urban area, using Kbayelitsha in Cape Town, South Africa as a case study. It argues for the importance of women's health as a specific focus, looks at some trends in women's health internationally over the past two decades and reviews the main factors affecting women's health. Some key issues in women's health of special relevance to developing countries such as South Africa are discussed. There is a special focus on newly urbanised women in peri-urban areas. Against this background the results of a community-based survey, preceded by indepth interviews, and conducted amongst 659 women in Kbayelitsha in 1989 and 1990 are presented. Data collected were statistically analysed using unIvariate,, bivariate and multivariate analysis. A number of priority social and health problems are identified: poverty; poor environmental conditions; lack of education, partlcularly skills training appropriate for finding work and the subordinate social status of women. Major health concerns included reproductive tract infections, especially sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, contraceptive use and ante-natal care during pregnancy. There were inadequacies in cervical screening conducted by health services and deficiencies in respondents' knowledge of AIDS. cervical smears and where to obtain various health services . Young, newly urbanised women, living in the poorly serviced and unserviced informal housing areas were partlcularly vulnerable in their socio-economic and health status within a peri-urban African community such as Khayelitsha. They also had poorest health knowledge and least knowledge of where to acquire health services. Some recommended interventions focussing on certain of these areas are suggested. It is argued that changes in the provision of women's health services within a primary health care setting can only be part of the process of improving women's health. Improvements in women's economic status and their social status are fundamental to any initiatives to improve their health status.
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Fong, Choi-ching, and 方賽貞. "Factors affecting influenza vaccination among pregnant women : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193774.
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Objective: Pregnancy has been recognized as a risk factor for severe pandemic influenza illness and this “vulnerable” group is suggested to be heightened alertness to the disease by WHO. This systemic review aims to identify the factors affecting the uptake of influenza vaccination among pregnant women as the immunization uptake among this particular group of population is low or suboptimal worldwide.
Methods: Systematic literature reviews were conducted by using MEDLINE and PubMed with the key words: “influenza vaccination uptake” and “pregnant women” in the period of January 2004 to January 2013. It was further supplemented by a manual search for literatures and articles on the WHO website, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, Google Scholar, and reference lists of reviews captured by initial searches.
Results: Of the 222 articles identified, 10 studies were found to be relevant in this system literature review. Influenza vaccine coverage among pregnant women was highly diverse (6.2-76%) among the 10 studies. Overall, pregnant women were more likely to take the vaccination against influenza if they: (1) believed the benefits of the vaccine outweighed the potential barriers, (2) believed the influenza was severe and they were highly susceptible to the disease, and (3) were influenced by the positive cues to action such as recommendation from health care professionals and the experience of the influenza vaccination uptake.
Conclusion: Overall, greater emphasis on vaccine effectiveness and safety, and the recommendation from health care providers is needed to increase the number of pregnant women influenza immunization in the future public health campaigns.published_or_final_version
Medicine
Master
Master of Public Health
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Roussy, Joanne Marie. "How poverty shapes women's experiences of health during pregnancy, a grounded theory study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0028/NQ38967.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Women Health and hygiene Victoria"
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Seminar, on Women Health and Development (1991 Entebbe Uganda). A woman's health and development: Proceedings of the Seminar on Women, Health, and Development, 21st-24th March, 1991, held at Lake Victoria Hotel, Entebbe, Uganda. [Kampala]: ACFODE, 1991.
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Victoria. Department of Human Services. Victorian women's health and wellbeing strategy: Discussion paper. Melbourne, Australia: Victorian Government Department of Human Services, 2001.
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Victorian Ministerial Women's Health Working Party. Report of the Victorian Ministerial Women's Health Policy Working Party August, 1987. [S.l.]: The Party, 1987.
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The nature of their bodies: Women and their doctors in Victorian Canada. Toronto ; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1991.
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Mitchinson, Wendy. The nature of their bodies: Women and their doctors in Victorian Canada. Toronto ; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1991.
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M, Haller Robin, ed. The physician and sexuality in Victorian America. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1995.
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Beyond the reproductive body: The politics of women's health and work in early Victorian England. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2004.
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Miles, Agnes. Women, health, and medicine. Milton Keynes [England]: Open University Press, 1991.
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Essential health for women. Bristol: Parragon Books, 1997.
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Noerager, Stern Phyllis, ed. Women, health and culture. London: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Women Health and hygiene Victoria"
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Körükcü, Öznur, and Kamile Kabukcuoğlu. "Health Promotion Among Home-Dwelling Elderly Individuals in Turkey." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 313–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_22.
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AbstractAlthough the social structure of Turkish society has changed from a broad family order to a nuclear family, family relations still hold an important place, where traditional elements dominate. Still, elderly people are cared for by their family in their home environment. Thus, the role of family members is crucial in taking care of elderly individuals. In Turkey, the responsibility of care is largely on women; the elderly’s wife, daughter, or daughter-in-law most often provides the care. Family members who provide care need support so that they can maintain their physical, psychological and mental health. At this point, Antonovsky’s salutogenic health model represents a positive and holistic approach to support individual’s health and coping. The salutogenic understanding of health emphasizes both physical, psychological, social, spiritual and cultural resources which can be utilized not only to avoid illness, but to promote health.With the rapidly increasing ageing population globally, health expenditures and the need for care are increasing accordingly. This increase reveals the importance of health-promoting practices in elderly care, which are important for the well-being and quality of life of older individuals and their families, as well as cost effectiveness. In Turkey, the emphasis on health-promoting practices is mostly focused in home-care services including examination, treatment, nursing care, medical care, medical equipment and device services, psychological support, physiotherapy, follow-up, rehabilitation services, housework (laundry, shopping, cleaning, food), personal care (dressing, bathroom, and personal hygiene help), 24-h emergency service, transportation, financial advice and training services within the scope of the social state policy for the elderly 65 years and older, whereas medical management of diseases serves elderly over the age of 85. In the Turkish health care system, salutogenesis can be used in principle for two aims: to guide health-promotion interventions in health care practice, and to (re)orient health care practice and research. The salutogenic orientation encompasses all elderly people independently of their position on the ease-/dis-ease continuum. This chapter presents health-promotion practices in the care of elderly home-dwelling people living in Turkey.
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Roaf, Virginia, and Catarina de Albuquerque. "Practice Note: Why We Started Talking About Menstruation—Looking Back (and Looking Forward) with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 475–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_37.
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Abstract In this conversation, Catarina de Albuquerque, former UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights to water and sanitation, and her former advisor, Virginia Roaf, discuss how menstrual health and menstruation have become critical to understanding the contribution that the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector can make to ensuring gender equality. They look back at country missions and the many conversations with women and girls that led to a closer examination of how stigma around menstruation limits access to education, work, and a life in dignity. WASH provides a strong entry point for addressing taboos relating to menstruation, but the authors identify that one must get past this often technical understanding to address deeply entrenched gender stereotypes.
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Smith, Michelle J. "Beauty Advertising and Advice in the Queen and Woman." In Women, Periodicals and Print Culture in Britain, 1830s-1900s, 218–31. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433907.003.0015.
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In this essay, Michelle J. Smith explores the ‘visually spectacular’ advertisements for cosmetics that appeared in late Victorian women’s periodicals (p. 218). Focusing specifically on the Queen (1861–1970) and Woman (1890–1912), she argues that editorial and advertising content were aligned in their treatment of cosmetics, recommending natural beauty over artifice, personal hygiene over self-fashioning. Advertisements figured older actresses as models of natural beauty rather than as practitioners of the cosmetic arts. Meanwhile, editorials, along with the ‘advice provided in advice columns and articles,’ enabled the woman reader to ‘negotiate acceptable use of branded products in tandem with home-made methods and daily attention to a beauty regimen grounded in hygiene’ (p. 229). Cutting-edge cosmetic preparations and technologies of image reproduction were thus used to disseminate rather conventional ideas about women’s health, natural beauty, and artless femininity.
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"Life quality and health of women workers from family agriculture." In Occupational Safety and Hygiene IV, 357–60. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21172-68.
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"Empowerment for women riverside farmers: Workplace health promotion at Northeast of Brazil." In Occupational Safety and Hygiene IV, 409–12. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21172-78.
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"Self-Rated Health and their relationships with work in the perspective of the women Brazilian Northeast." In Occupational Safety and Hygiene IV, 547–50. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21172-103.
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Standing, Kay, and Sara L. Parker. "Girls' and Women's Rights to Menstrual Health in Nepal." In Handbook of Research on Women's Issues and Rights in the Developing World, 156–68. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3018-3.ch010.
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Being able to manage menstruation safely and without stigma is a basic human right which many women and girls in Nepal are denied. Unhygienic and ineffective menstrual hygiene practices have been linked to negative consequences for women and girls, in terms of both reproductive health and social factors such as school attendance. Negative cultural attitudes and taboos around menstruation are widespread in Nepal and basic knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene, especially in rural areas, is limited. The chapter begins to explore the barriers to menstrual health and right and how menstrual Hygiene Management Projects providing education on menstruation and the provision of reusable sanitary pads, are widely used by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Nepal to address these problems, with a stated goal of improving girls' reproductive health, educational performance, employment, reducing gender based violence and other psycho-social outcomes.
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McMichael, Celia, and Caitlin Nunn. "Conducting health research with resettled refugees in Australia: field sites, ethics, and methods." In The Health of Refugees, 230–44. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814733.003.0012.
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Research involving resettled refugees presents many complexities. In particular, how do we engage ethically with research participants and also ensure that the data we produce is rigorous and makes a productive contribution to knowledge about refugee health? This chapter reflects on two qualitative research projects involving people from refugee backgrounds who have resettled in Victoria, Australia: one project with refugee-background women living in the capital city, Melbourne; another with refugee-background youth living in Bendigo, a regional city. Both projects focused on refugee settlement and psychosocial health. Focusing on three key aspects of the research process: conceptualizing the field site, ethics in practice and qualitative research methods, we suggest that the dual imperatives of refugee research—significance to people with refugee backgrounds and relevant agencies, institutions and governments, and ethical and rigorous research practice—are best served by a reflexive, sensitive and creative relationship with both the research process and with refugee-background participants.
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Błaszczuk, Katarzyna. "Zapobieganie wykluczeniu społecznemu : przykład Stowarzyszenia na rzecz Kobiet "Victoria"." In Eliminacja wykluczenia społecznego, 37–53. Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/9788374385824.04.
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“Victoria” Association for Women was established in 2002. Its operations focus on problems faced by women from various backgrounds, and with varied professional, legal and social status. Assistance for women struggling with difficulties involves: support in efforts to become independent, improvement of self-esteem, and finding way in the job market. The Association organizes courses, trainings as well as conferences and promotes new forms of employ-ment. The organization is an advocate for individuals (groups) marginalized in the community; its services include legal, psychological, family and career counselling. It cooperates and initiates partnerships with institutions administered by local governments, with trade unions, nongovernmental organizations and economic entities. The areas of activity include: aid and support for families facing difficulties, health care, protection of rights, counteracting unemployment, promotion of education, culture and ecology, operations fostering integra-tion and cooperation at the local and in-ternational level, promotion of tourism and recreation, public order and safety. Yet, due to its location in an old building with no elevator, the organization’s office is inaccessible for people with motor disabilities. The paper will discuss selected areas of the organization’s operation tak-ing into account findings acquired from official documents and freeform interviews with representatives of the board.
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Kaplan, Danielle A., and Judy A. Greene. "Postpartum Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." In Postpartum Mental Health Disorders: A Casebook, 51–60. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190849955.003.0007.
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This chapter on postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorders reviews the occurrence of symptoms such as intrusive thoughts about the baby being harmed, the mother harming the baby, or perceived health problem or developmental delays in the infant. She may feel compelled to constantly check on the child and frequently seek medical consultation for her concerns. She may be overly preoccupied with hygiene and safety. The mother feels very distressed by these thoughts and fears, which can lead to a depression. Despite her thoughts about harming the baby, these women are not at risk of actually hurting their infants. Family support and reassurance is important. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be helpful, but antidepressant medication may also be required.
Conference papers on the topic "Women Health and hygiene Victoria"
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Öz Yıldırım, Özge, and İlknur Aydın Avcı. "Investigation of Urinary Incontinence Awareness and Genital Hygiene Behavior of Gypys Women and Non- Gypys Women." In 4th International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Health and Sports Sciences. SETSCI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36287/setsci.4.9.030.
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Umami, Afriza, Bhisma Murti, Tegar Wahyu Yudha Pratama, Istiqlal Fithri, and Dede Nasrullah. "Factors Related to Genital Hygiene Behavior Among Female Underwent Treatment at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, Indonesia: A Case-Control Study." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.27.
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ABSTRACT Background: Maintaining genital cleanliness is very important for women because intimate organ problems can cause female tract infections. This study aimed to find out the factors associated with genital hygiene behavior in women. Methods: A case-control study was carried out in female underwent treatment at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, Indonesia, from December 2017 to February 2018. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 178 participants, who consisted of 56 cases and 122 controls. The dependent variable was genital hygiene behavior. The independent variables were stress, exposure to social media regarding genital hygiene, environmental sanitation, husband’s education, and support. Logistic regression was employed for data analysis. Results: Genital hygiene behavior increased with exposure to social media related to genital hygiene (OR= 9.20; 95% CI= 3.87 to 21.87, p<0.001), good environmental sanitation (OR= 5.16; 95% CI= 2.19 to 12.14, p<0.001), high husband’s education (OR= 6.49; 95% CI= 2.23 to 18.91, p=0.001) and support (OR= 2.88; 95% CI= 1.24 to 6.67, p=0.013). While women who experienced psychological problems such as stress decreased genital hygiene behavior (OR= 0.25; 95% CI= 0.94 to 0.71, p=0.009). Conclusions: Genital hygiene behavior in women increases with exposure to social media related to genital hygiene, adequate environmental sanitation, high husbands’ income, and support. In contrast, stress decreases women’s behavior in practicing genital hygiene. Keywords: Genital hygiene behavior, social media, environmental sanitation, stress, husband’s education, and support. Corresponding author: Afriza Umami, MPH. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Dóm tér 10 H-6720, Hungary. E-mail: umami.afriza@med.u-szeged.hu DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.27
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"PREVALENCE OF BACTERIAL AND PARASITIC URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG ASYMPTOMATIC FEMALES IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF OGBOMOSO." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/eklu3082.
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Urinary tract infection is one of the most important infection causing serious diseases in tropical and sub- tropical countries of Africa. Several factors have been associated with the high prevalence of urinary tract infections in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the urinary tract infection status among two hundred and forty (240) asymptomatic females over a period of six weeks (March to April 2022) among 240 females between the 20-50 years of age at Iluju and Saamo village, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty urine samples were collected from the females. The mid- stream urine samples collected were examined microscopically for the presence of parasites, after which they were cultured, biochemical findings and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were also carried out. Out of the 240 samples, only 1(0.4%) was found positive for parasitic infection. 34(14.2%) were found to harbour Escherichia coli, 18(7.5%) were positive for Proteus mirabilis, 8(3.3%) were infected by Klebsiella pneumonia, 45(18.8%) had Staphylococcus aureus. Prevalence was found to be higher in women of reproductive age 21-25years (78%) than women above 40years (10.5%). The antimicrobial suspectibility profile indicates that the fluoroquinlonones were the most active antibacterial agents followed by the aminoglycosides. Trimethorim, oxacillim, amoxicillin showed very poor activity. This may be due to long term use of these drugs. The socio- economic status as well as the hygiene practice of the women influence the prevalence of urinary tract infections. Most of the women 134(55.8%) were aware about Urinary tract infection and 106 (44.2%) were unaware. Thus, the high infection rate among asymptomatic females in these villages were due to poor hygiene, lack of good toilet facilities and poor socio- economic status. Keywords: Bacterial, Parasitic, Rural, Ogbomoso, Females, hygiene
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Sidabalok, Jhonferi. "The Effect of Infection Prevention and Control Link Nurse Supervision and Resource Availability on Paramedic Hand Hygiene at Hanau Hospital, Seruyan District, Central Kalimantan." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.19.
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ABSTRACT Background: Hand hygiene was the most straightforward and most effective behavior to prevent nosocomial infection. Doing hand-hygiene in 5 moments must be endeavored to improve the quality of service in the hospital. Hospitals must have a PPI team where the Infection Prevention and Control Link Nurse (IPCLN) is part of the structure. The availability of facilities in the hospital is needed to support hand hygiene behavior. This study aimed to know the effect of IPCLN supervision and facilities’ availability on paramedical hand hygiene behavior at Hanau Hospital. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional conducted at Hanau Hospital, Seruyan District, Central Kalimantan. A sample of 83 paramedics at Hanau Hospital was selected for this study by total sampling. The dependent variable was the behavior of hand hygiene paramedic. The independent variable was IPCLN supervision and the availability of facilities. The data were collected by questionnaire. The data was analyzed by Chi Square. Results: The respondents in this study were 67.5% women, 72.3% were under 30 years old, 74.7% had a Diploma-III education, and 69.9% worked less than 5 years. The supervision carried out by IPCLN (OR = 35.25; CI: 4.36 to 258.22), and the availability of facilities (OR = 24.35; CI: 5.10 to 116.26) was statistically significant (p <0.001). Variables that influence the behavior of paramedic hand hygiene at Hanau Hospital are supervision of the IPCLN towards paramedics (B = 2.86; OR = 17.42; 95% CI= 1.94 to 156.78; p= 0.011) together with the variable availability of facilities (B = 2.62; OR = 13.69; 95% CI= 2.62 to 71.49; p= 0.002). Conclusion: The supervision of IPCN and the availability of facilities affect the hand hygiene behavior of paramedics at Hanau Hospital. Keywords: hand hygiene, IPCLN, Supervision, Facilities, PPI Correspondence: Jhonferi Sidabalok, Hospital Administration Studies Master Program, Faculty of Public Health, Indonesia University. Email: jfs.usu98@gmail.com. Mobile 082154643424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.19
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Mustika, Indra, and Wahyu Hidayat. "Oral Hygiene Profile and Periodontal Treatment Needs in First-Trimester Pregnant Women in The Health Service Center (Puskesmas Garuda) Bandung." In The 7th International Meeting and The 4th Joint Scientific Meeting in Dentistry. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007295402270230.
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Coelho, Renata da Silva, Leila Salomão de La Plata Cury Tardivo, Helena Rinaldi Rosa, and Joice Aparecida Araujo Dominguez. "EMOTIONS AND ATTITUDES OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN SOCIAL ISOLATION IN THE PERIOD OF CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact014.
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"This study focuses on verifying the emotions and attitudes of pregnant women in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and gathering information for the organization of psychoeducational support actions online. A questionnaire was prepared on identification, gestational and family history, emotions and attitudes toward social isolation and use of distance communication tools and search for psychological support. Were answered 59 questionnaires. 95% agreed with the social isolation measures. Family relationship conflicts were reported in 54.2%. Changes in emotions were perceived in 91.5%, of which 86.4% associated with the pandemic and 66.1% to pregnancy. The emotion of fear was aroused in 84.7% of the cases, sadness in 45.8%, loneliness in 33.9%, exhaustion in 42.4%, irritation in 50.9%. Positive emotions of solidarity occurred in 28.8%, hope in 27.1% and optimism in 15.3% of the sample. 54.2% think that talking to a psychologist can help. The content of the responses is concerned with quality of life, hygiene habits, and interpersonal relationships, special care for the baby, avoiding visits to babies, need for help with baby care, fear of contagion and going to the hospital, insecurity about returning to work and the absence of government protection measures. It is concluded that psychological support and online psycho education for pregnant women can be a protective factor for the mental health of pregnant women during the pandemic."
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Sharma, Akanksha, Saritha Shamsunder, Geetika Khanna, Neeti Khunger, and Vijay Zutshi. "Chronic vulval problems: A gynaecologist’s perspective." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685355.
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Introduction: Chronic vulval symptoms are common complaints in women seeking health care and can significantly interfere with a woman’s sexual function and sense of well being. Many practitioners feel diagnostically challenged, particularly by chronic or recurrent forms of vulval disease. The aim of this study was to assess the role of various diagnostic modalities in evaluation of chronic vulval symptoms. Methods: Between August 2012 and February 2014, 100 women presenting with chronic vulval symptoms (i.e. ≥ 3 months duration) were evaluated. All of them had a thorough clinical history taken including use of vulval washes and creams, a general and gynaecological examination. Patients having chronic vaginal discharge in addition had urethral, vaginal and cervical smear and culture. All women had a careful examination of the vulva with and without magnification. Vulval scrape cytology was taken after moistening the vulva with normal saline and stained by Pap stain. Colposcopy of the vulva was then carried out after applying 5% acetic acid and 1% toluidine blue dye. Vulval biopsy was taken from suspicious areas on colposcopy and further management was based on histopathology report. Results: The mean age of women in our study was 43.57 years (range 22-80 years.), 70% women were pre-menopausal and 30% were post-menopausal. The mean duration of symptoms was 1.625 years (range 6 months - 15 years) and atypical vulval hygiene practices (excessive washing with soaps) was used in 77% of women. The commonest presenting complaint was pruritus in 92% of women; visible lesions on vulva were seen in 20%, pain in 6% and burning sensation in vulva in 5% of women. The histopathology was abnormal in 77 patients; the most common histopathological finding was non-neoplastic epithelial disorders in 64 women {Squamous cell hyperplasia (n=52), Lichen Sclerosus et atrophicus (n=6), other dermatoses including lichen Planus (n=6)}. Vulvar Intra-epithelial Neoplasia (VIN) was seen in 6 patients, 5 were squamous type VIN and 1 was non-squamous type (Paget’s disease). Squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 3 patients; malignant melanoma, benign appendiceal tumor, angiofibroma and neurofibroma in 1 patient. Examination without magnification had sensitivity of 25.97% and with magnification was 29.87% and specificity was 100% for both of them. Cytology had sensitivity and specificity of 75.32% and 86.95% respectively and sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy was 77.92% and 17.39% respectively. Conclusion: Clinical examination with and without magnification had low sensitivity but were highly specific in diagnosing vulvar lesions. A normal vulval smear and colposcopy have a high negative predictive value and are very reassuring. Colposcopy and biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, however clinical examination with naked eyes and magnifying glass are invaluable and can diagnose most of the neoplastic lesions.
Reports on the topic "Women Health and hygiene Victoria"
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Barasa, Violet, and Linda Waldman. Exploring the Intersection of Sanitation, Hygiene, Water, and Health in Pastoralist Communities in Northern Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.004.
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This paper explores access to water, sanitation, and health in pastoral communities in northern Tanzania. It argues that the concept of gender, used on its own, is not enough to understand the complexities of sanitation, hygiene, water, and health. It explores pastoralists’ views and perspectives on what is ‘clean’, ‘safe’, and ‘healthy’, and their need to access water and create sanitary arrangements that work for them, given the absence of state provision of modern water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure. Although Tanzania is committed to enhancing its citizens’ access to WASH services, pastoral sanitation and hygiene tend to be overlooked and little attention is paid to complex ways in which access to ‘clean’ water and ‘adequate sanitation’ is structured in these communities. This paper offers an intersectional analysis of water and sanitation needs, showing how structural discrimination in the form of a lack of appropriate infrastructure, a range of sociocultural norms and values, and individual stratifiers interact to influence the sanitation and health needs of pastoralist men, women, boys, and girls.
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Robinson, Andy. Monitoring and Evaluation for Rural Sanitation and Hygiene: Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.027.
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The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Guidelines and Framework presented in this document (and in the accompanying M&E Indicator Framework) aim to encourage stakeholders in the rural sanitation and hygiene sector to take a more comprehensive, comparable and people focused approach to monitoring and evaluation. Many M&E frameworks currently reflect the interests and ambitions of particular implementing agencies – that is, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions focused on open-defecation free (ODF) outcomes in triggered communities; market-based sanitation interventions focused on the number of products sold and whether sanitation businesses were profitable; and sanitation finance interventions reporting the number of facilities built using financial support. Few M&E frameworks have been designed to examine the overall sanitation and hygiene situation – to assess how interventions have affected sanitation and hygiene outcomes across an entire area (rather than just in specific target communities); to look at who (from the overall population) benefitted from the intervention, and who did not; to report on the level and quality of service used; or examine whether public health has improved. Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have extended and deepened the international monitoring requirements for sanitation and hygiene. The 2030 SDG sanitation target 6.2 includes requirements to: • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all • Achieve access to equitable sanitation and hygiene for all • End open defecation • Pay special attention to the needs of women and girls • Pay special attention to those in vulnerable situations The 2030 SDG sanitation target calls for universal use of basic sanitation services, and for the elimination of open defecation, both of which require M&E systems that cover entire administration areas (i.e. every person and community within a district) and which are able to identify people and groups that lack services, or continue unsafe practices. Fortunately, the SDG requirements are well aligned with the sector trend towards system strengthening, in recognition that governments are responsible both for the provision of sustainable services and for monitoring the achievement of sustained outcomes. This document provides guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of rural sanitation and hygiene, and presents an M&E framework that outlines core elements and features for reporting on progress towards the 2030 SDG sanitation target (and related national goals and targets for rural sanitation and hygiene), while also encouraging learning and accountability. Given wide variations in the ambition, capacity and resources available for monitoring and evaluation, it is apparent that not all of the M&E processes and indicators described will be appropriate for all stakeholders. The intention is to provide guidelines and details on useful and progressive approaches to monitoring rural sanitation and hygiene, from which a range of rural sanitation and hygiene duty bearers and practitioners – including governments, implementation agencies, development partners and service providers – can select and use those most appropriate to their needs. Eventually, it is hoped that all of the more progressive M&E elements and features will become standard, and be incorporated in all sector monitoring systems.
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Robinson, Andy. Monitoring and Evaluation for Rural Sanitation and Hygiene: Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.025.
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The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Guidelines and Framework presented in this document (and in the accompanying M&E Indicator Framework) aim to encourage stakeholders in the rural sanitation and hygiene sector to take a more comprehensive, comparable and people focused approach to monitoring and evaluation. Many M&E frameworks currently reflect the interests and ambitions of particular implementing agencies – that is, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions focused on open-defecation free (ODF) outcomes in triggered communities; market-based sanitation interventions focused on the number of products sold and whether sanitation businesses were profitable; and sanitation finance interventions reporting the number of facilities built using financial support. Few M&E frameworks have been designed to examine the overall sanitation and hygiene situation – to assess how interventions have affected sanitation and hygiene outcomes across an entire area (rather than just in specific target communities); to look at who (from the overall population) benefitted from the intervention, and who did not; to report on the level and quality of service used; or examine whether public health has improved. Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have extended and deepened the international monitoring requirements for sanitation and hygiene. The 2030 SDG sanitation target 6.2 includes requirements to: • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all • Achieve access to equitable sanitation and hygiene for all • End open defecation • Pay special attention to the needs of women and girls • Pay special attention to those in vulnerable situations The 2030 SDG sanitation target calls for universal use of basic sanitation services, and for the elimination of open defecation, both of which require M&E systems that cover entire administration areas (i.e. every person and community within a district) and which are able to identify people and groups that lack services, or continue unsafe practices. Fortunately, the SDG requirements are well aligned with the sector trend towards system strengthening, in recognition that governments are responsible both for the provision of sustainable services and for monitoring the achievement of sustained outcomes. This document provides guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of rural sanitation and hygiene, and presents an M&E framework that outlines core elements and features for reporting on progress towards the 2030 SDG sanitation target (and related national goals and targets for rural sanitation and hygiene), while also encouraging learning and accountability. Given wide variations in the ambition, capacity and resources available for monitoring and evaluation, it is apparent that not all of the M&E processes and indicators described will be appropriate for all stakeholders. The intention is to provide guidelines and details on useful and progressive approaches to monitoring rural sanitation and hygiene, from which a range of rural sanitation and hygiene duty bearers and practitioners – including governments, implementation agencies, development partners and service providers – can select and use those most appropriate to their needs. Eventually, it is hoped that all of the more progressive M&E elements and features will become standard, and be incorporated in all sector monitoring systems.
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Herbert, Sian. Women’s Meaningful Participation in Water Security. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.063.
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This rapid literature review explores gender transformative practices and the meaningful participation of women in water security. There is large and growing literature base on gender and water, with most of it coming from a health, or sanitation and hygiene perspective, and most focussing on access, quality, and women as vulnerable water users and or women and water in rural communities (de Silva, Veilleux & Neal, 2018). There has been a growth in focus on women’s participation in water governance, and particularly a more recent focus on meaningful participation. However, as yet, the literature is much more limited in this latter area, and the practical advances in women’s meaningful participation (“gender transformative processes”) in water security have also been more limited than progress in other areas (Ozano, et al., 2022). This rapid review found a lot of literature focusses on a few countries including: Kenya, India, and Nepal. As de Silva, et al. (2018, p.212) explain in their work on transboundary water, there is limited evidence on “the role of women as agents of change within a decision-making, transboundary water context and almost every paper that promised to do so in some way, ended up focusing on specific developing countries and women as direct water users”. As for the effectiveness of certain practices over others, and over different timeframes, there is little empirical information on this, yet there are a lot of critical reflections in the literature on the broad barriers to meaningful participation. And there are general recommendations for how to make progress on this agenda. This rapid review is indicative of the most commonly discussed issues in the literature, but is not inclusive of all of the many related issues.
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Empowering girls and women to challenge harmful gender norms to improve menstrual health and hygiene, implemented as part of a WASH programme (UNICEF). United Nations International Institute for Global Health, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/qnfn7019.
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The United Nations University International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH) coproduced a practice-based study with five UN agencies working in global health (UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF and WHO). The project focused on analysing and understanding what worked, where, for whom, why and how, institutionally and programmatically, to successfully mainstream gender (click here for the consolidated project report).
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Health Education Materials for the Workplace: Tools. Population Council, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2017.1007.
Full textAbstract:
Companies can derive many benefits from educating workers on health. Yet workplaces in many lower income countries have a need for easy-to-access, on-demand health education materials. The Evidence Project/Meridian in partnership with Bayer has developed a set of health education materials for these industrial and agricultural workplaces. The materials cover important health issues facing women and men workers: - Family Planning - Engaged Fathers and Health - Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy - Menstrual Hygiene - Handwashing These materials are designed to be printed at the workplace on desktop printers, making the materials easy to access and available on demand. They are available in English, Bengali (approved by the Ministry of Health), and Arabic. The materials, in color and black and white (to save on printing costs), come in three types: - Mini-Posters (MP), to be posted in public areas - Handouts (HO), for workers to take home and containing a bit more information - Supplemental materials (QA) to reinforce learning. Each workplace can determine how best to use these materials. The Implementation Guide gives workplace health staff and managers ideas for fitting the materials into their health promotion activities. There is also a User’s Guide for Brands/Retailers, NGOs and other interested parties explaining how the materials can be used in their workplace programs in global supply chains.
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Senegal: Community education program increases dialogue on FGC. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1004.
Full textAbstract:
From 2000 to 2003, FRONTIERS collaborated with the Senegalese nongovernmental organization Tostan to evaluate the effects of a community-based education program on awareness, attitudes, and behavior regarding reproductive health and female genital cutting. The Tostan program provides modules in local languages on hygiene, problem solving, women’s health, and human rights. It was designed to improve women’s health and promote social change by enabling participants, mainly women, to analyze and find solutions to community problems. As stated in this brief, Tostan implemented the education program as part of a scale-up effort in 90 communities in the Kolda district of southern Senegal. The FRONTIERS evaluation took place as part of the project and compared changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of men and women in 20 villages in the intervention area with those living in 20 nonintervention villages. Changes were measured using pre- and post-intervention surveys of women and men in the intervention and control areas and qualitative interviews with key community members. They also assessed pre- and post-intervention changes in the number of girls under 10 who had been cut.
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Burkina Faso: Community education program scaled-up in Burkina Faso. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1005.
Full textAbstract:
The government of Burkina Faso is committed to the improvement of women’s reproductive health. Within this context, the Population Council’s FRONTIERS Program collaborated with two nongovernmental organizations, Tostan in Senegal and Mwangaza Action in Burkina Faso, to replicate the Tostan community-based education program. Originally developed in Senegal, this program provides modules in local languages on hygiene, problem solving, women’s health, and human rights as a means of promoting community empowerment to facilitate social change. The intervention, implemented from 2000 to 2003 in the provinces of Bazega and Zoundwéogo in Burkina Faso, compared the performance of 23 participating villages with 23 control villages. To measure the program’s impact on awareness, attitudes, and behavior regarding reproductive health and female genital cutting, researchers conducted pre- and post-intervention surveys of women and men in the intervention and control areas, and qualitative interviews with key community members. To measure the diffusion of knowledge, researchers surveyed men and women who lived in the intervention area but did not participate in the study. They also assessed pre-and post-intervention changes in the number of girls under 10 who had been cut.