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Clifton, Naomi. "Women, work and family in England and France : a question of identity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d39ca1d0-d8fc-4f54-aea3-fba3fd68e984.
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This thesis explores some of the individual attitudes and choices which may explain differing patterns in women's work in England and France. Women's work, however, cannot be considered outside the context of their family lives, and there exist important differences between England and France in terms of the structures in place to facilitate the combining of paid work and family commitments. It is proposed that these are related to broader social and economic structures which characterise the countries concerned, and the family and gender roles assumed by them. The question addressed, therefore, is the relationship between work identity and female identity. This is examined by comparing full-time working women, both single and with families, in the two countries. Since the question concerns meanings rather than frequencies, quantitative methods such as surveys are rejected in favour of a triangulated methodology combining repertory grid, Twenty Statements Test and in- depth interview. The results from each of these are reported separately. There is strong convergence within and clear differences between national groups, regardless of marital status. French and English groups are both committed to working, but this takes different forms in the two countries. The French women define themselves equally in terms of work, personal relationships and social lives, with relatively little conflict between them. For the English women, work identity comes first, there is more conflict between work and family roles and more tension in personal relationships. This may partly be accounted for by the English women's greater concern with career progression and personal advancement, which is more likely to conflict with family roles. The findings are related to broader issues of economic, social and family policy, historical factors, religious traditions and attitudes towards gender and equality. These themselves are seen as reflecting more general ideologies in the countries concerned. Finally, there is a consideration of questions raised by the study, and suggestions for further research.
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Peri-Rotem, Nitzan. "The role of religion in shaping women's family and employment patterns in Britian and France." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e0cedea1-973c-4395-9916-d47416672802.
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The current study examines the influence of religious affiliation and practice on family patterns and labour market activity for women in Western Europe, focusing on Britain and France. While both countries have experienced a sharp decline in institutionalized forms of religion over the past decades, differences in family and fertility behaviour on the basis of religiosity seem to persist. Although previous studies documented a positive correlation between religion and both intended and actual family size, there is still uncertainty about the different routes through which religion affects fertility, how structural factors are involved in this relationship and whether and how this relationship has changed along with the process of religious decline. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the interrelationships between religion, educational attainment, female labour force participation, union formation and fertility levels. The data come from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which contains 18 waves from 1991 to 2008, and the French survey of the Generations and Gender Programme (GGP), which was initially conducted in 2005. By following trends in fertility differences by religious affiliation and practice across birth cohorts of women, it is found that religious differences in fertility are not only persistent across birth cohorts, there is also a growing divide between non-affiliated and religiously practicing women who maintain higher fertility levels. Religious differences in family formation patterns and completed fertility are also explored, taking into account the interaction between education and religiosity. It appears that the effect of education on fertility differs by level of religiosity, as higher education is less likely to lead to childlessness or to a smaller family size among more religious women. The findings on the relationships between family and work trajectories by level of religiosity also point to a reduced conflict between paid employment and childbearing among actively religious women, although these patterns vary by religious denomination and by country.
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Bassel, Leah. "Unveiling agency : feminism and multiculturalism in the "Affaire du Foulard"." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64127.pdf.
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Moura, Lívia Marinho de [UNESP]. "Dos pés à cabeça: a reestruturação produtiva e a atuação das mulheres nas indústrias no município de Franca/SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98619.
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moura_lm_me_fran.pdf: 621004 bytes, checksum: 856908dab8b9f960adc95036948ab37d (MD5)O presente trabalho incide sobre a realidade de algumas mulheres realmente corajosas e empreendedoras que resolveram deixar de lado os medos e as inseguranças introduzidas na sociedade pela realidade atual do mundo do trabalho. O município de Franca, conhecido mundialmente pela produção do calçado masculino, recebeu, de maneira impactante, todos os choques econômicos e sociais demandados das reestruturações produtivas e suas manifestações e conflitos trazidos à realidade da população. Foi realizada uma perspectiva histórica em relação ao movimento operário, de sua inserção na indústria têxtil, da participação das mulheres como força de trabalho nesse contexto, da trajetória produtiva de Franca e Região e das mudanças ocorridas nesse percurso. Mais do que uma atividade específica, a lingerie representa para as mulheres e para a coletividade Francana uma alternativa, uma perspectiva e uma mudança. Evidencia-se durante o estudo que muitas práticas ainda permanecem, como a do aviltamento do trabalho feminino, a exploração das forças de trabalho, o exercício do trabalho domiciliar e o achatamento dos salários e lucros. Entretanto, é notória, em diversos momentos da pesquisa, a presença da esperança, da satisfação, do encanto pelo trabalho, de melhores condições profissionais, sociais e familiares. Realizar tal estudo gratifica e instiga os pesquisadores e, ao mesmo tempo, traz à tona as responsabilidades acadêmicas e profissionais do Serviço Social
This work focuses on the reality of some truly really courageous and enterprising women who have decided to put aside fears and insecurities in society introduced by the current reality of the world of work. The city of Franca, known worldwide for producing men's shoes, was so impressive, all the economic and social demands of the productive restructuring and its manifestations and conflicts brought to the reality of the population. We performed a historical perspective in relation to the labor movement, its insertion in the textile industry, the participation of women as labor force in this context, the history of France and productive region and to the changes in this route. More than one specific activity, the lingerie is for women and for the collective Francana an alternative perspective and a change. It is of note during the study that many practices still remain, such as the degradation of female labor, the exploitation of the labor force, the exercise of home work and flattening of wages and profits.However, it is notorious, at various times of the study, the presence of hope, of satisfaction, the work of the charm of better employment conditions, social and family. Such a study and rewards entices researchers and at the same time, brings out the responsibilities of academic and professional social work
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Moura, Lívia Marinho de. "Dos pés à cabeça : a reestruturação produtiva e a atuação das mulheres nas indústrias no município de Franca/SP/." Franca : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98619.
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Orientador: Helen Barbosa Raiz EnglerBanca: Reginaldo Guiraldelli
Banca: Ubaldo Silveira
Resumo: O presente trabalho incide sobre a realidade de algumas mulheres realmente corajosas e empreendedoras que resolveram deixar de lado os medos e as inseguranças introduzidas na sociedade pela realidade atual do mundo do trabalho. O município de Franca, conhecido mundialmente pela produção do calçado masculino, recebeu, de maneira impactante, todos os choques econômicos e sociais demandados das reestruturações produtivas e suas manifestações e conflitos trazidos à realidade da população. Foi realizada uma perspectiva histórica em relação ao movimento operário, de sua inserção na indústria têxtil, da participação das mulheres como força de trabalho nesse contexto, da trajetória produtiva de Franca e Região e das mudanças ocorridas nesse percurso. Mais do que uma atividade específica, a lingerie representa para as mulheres e para a coletividade Francana uma alternativa, uma perspectiva e uma mudança. Evidencia-se durante o estudo que muitas práticas ainda permanecem, como a do aviltamento do trabalho feminino, a exploração das forças de trabalho, o exercício do trabalho domiciliar e o achatamento dos salários e lucros. Entretanto, é notória, em diversos momentos da pesquisa, a presença da esperança, da satisfação, do encanto pelo trabalho, de melhores condições profissionais, sociais e familiares. Realizar tal estudo gratifica e instiga os pesquisadores e, ao mesmo tempo, traz à tona as responsabilidades acadêmicas e profissionais do Serviço Social
Abstract: This work focuses on the reality of some truly really courageous and enterprising women who have decided to put aside fears and insecurities in society introduced by the current reality of the world of work. The city of Franca, known worldwide for producing men's shoes, was so impressive, all the economic and social demands of the productive restructuring and its manifestations and conflicts brought to the reality of the population. We performed a historical perspective in relation to the labor movement, its insertion in the textile industry, the participation of women as labor force in this context, the history of France and productive region and to the changes in this route. More than one specific activity, the lingerie is for women and for the collective Francana an alternative perspective and a change. It is of note during the study that many practices still remain, such as the degradation of female labor, the exploitation of the labor force, the exercise of home work and flattening of wages and profits.However, it is notorious, at various times of the study, the presence of hope, of satisfaction, the work of the charm of better employment conditions, social and family. Such a study and rewards entices researchers and at the same time, brings out the responsibilities of academic and professional social work
Mestre
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Pilorget, Julie. "Des femmes dans la ville : Amiens (1380-1520)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL118.
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Cette thèse de doctorat étudie la place des femmes dans la société urbaine des derniers siècles du Moyen Âge. Son objectif réside en l’examen des multiples opportunités offertes alors aux femmes, tant dans le domaine juridique qu’économique et social. La recherche s’appuie sur l’observatoire privilégié de la ville d’Amiens, capitale régionale dynamique, qui présente l’intérêt d’appartenir à un système coutumier original, particulièrement favorable aux femmes. La caractéristique des coutumes picardes tient essentiellement à ce qu’elles donnent la priorité au ménage sur le lignage. L’institution de la communauté de biens entre époux permet ainsi de considérer les femmes comme de véritables actrices économiques. Leurs différentes occupations révèlent leur présence quotidienne et leur participation constante à la vie économique de la cité. Sur le plan social, elles en retirent une visibilité certaine et font partie intégrante de la communauté des habitants. De plus, l’étude des registres de délibérations et livres de justice démontre qu’elles n’hésitent pas à s’affirmer par la verdeur de leur propos sur la place publique, où tous sont en représentation. L’objectif de ce travail est également d’améliorer notre compréhension des rapports de genre dans le contexte du renforcement de l’ordre social à l’aube des Temps Modernes. Enfin, d’un point de vue méthodologique, ce sujet, centré sur un espace de syncrétisme aux confins des influences flamande et orléano-parisienne, entend réinterroger les périodisations académiques et conduire, par le dialogue entre sciences humaines, au décloisonnement des réflexionsThis dissertation examines the place of women in the medieval town of Amiens and demonstrates the continuing significance of women’s participation in diverse aspects of social and economic life during the historical shift from the medieval to the early modern era. This city adhered to a unique legal system called ‘picard-wallon’, which was particularly favourable to women, making them the owners of half of the family patrimony. Since family structures played a determining role in the ideological choices and economic behaviour of family members, the institution of community property between spouses allows us to consider women as legitimate economic agents. The study of women’s activity in the marketplace in particular, shows that we should first rethink the public/private dichotomies that have long been applied to gender studies. This work also highlights the nature of women’s contribution to the medieval society. Public space fostered orality and the production of specific speech acts. The study of women’s involvement in crime shows that they were not afraid of defending their honour if necessary. Therefore, this dissertation sheds light on the reinforcement of the public order at the end of the Middle Ages and its consequences on gender relations at the beginning of the early modern period. Finally, this dissertation makes use of new methodological perspectives. By focusing on a place of syncretism, at the intersection of three different regional areas, this study highlights the multi-cultural influences at work in the city in order to interrogate the relevance of classical periodization and establish the importance of a transdisciplinary approach to medieval studies
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Salehi, Rizi Elaheh. "Identités féminines et mutations sociales dans les ɶuvres de Zoyâ Pirzâd et Annie Ernaux." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2009.
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Nombreuses sont les écrivaines en Iran et en France qui portent un regard critique sur leur société et profitent de leur statut d’auteure pour exiger l’égalité des droits pour toutes les femmes. Zoyâ Pirzâd et Annie Ernaux ont pour but de présenter les réalités sociales d’une époque, chacune à sa manière et avec un style adapté à des sociétés aussi différentes que la France et l’Iran. En jouant le rôle de témoins du passé et du présent, ces deux écrivaines abordent la réalité quotidienne de la femme dans sa vie intime, de la naissance à l’âge adulte, ainsi que son statut familial et sa vie sociale, et les menaces qui guettent la femme dans la société. À travers leurs œuvres respectives, les deux auteures présentent une émancipation féminine qui ne s’est pas réalisée au même moment ni de la même façon dans ces deux pays ; dans ces deux sociétés, la publication de livres par les femmes a été une entreprise difficile et conflictuelle, surtout par le passé : malgré certains acquis, les femmes iraniennes sont néanmoins encore loin de jouir des mêmes droits que les hommes – la maternité ayant longtemps été vue comme le seul rôle de la femme. Les écrivaines parlent en général des sujets acceptables dans la société où l’œuvre est produite, mais pour des questions controversées comme la sexualité féminine, elles sont obligées de transgresser les normes sociales qui pèsent sur la littérature, au risque des critiques les plus violentes. Certaines théoriciennes, comme Hélène Cixous et Béatrice Didier, affirment la spécificité de l’écriture féminine. Cette distinction de genre peut en effet montrer l’influence d’une tradition machiste ou une culture sexiste sur la littérature. Pourtant, quoique les œuvres d’Annie Ernaux et de Zoyâ Pirzâd ne semblent pas relever exclusivement de l’écriture féminine, cette distinction genrée peut valoriser les écrits des femmes qui ont toujours été marginalisées et minoréesMany are the female writers, both in Iran and France, who look at society with a critical eye, and capitalize on their status as female authors to demand equality of rights for all women. Zoyâ Pirzâd and Annie Ernaux aim at presenting the social realities of an era, both in a way and in a style that are adapted to societies as different as Iranian and French ones. As witnesses of the past and the present, these two female writers tackle the issues of daily life reality for women, their intimacy, from birth to adult age, as well as their family status and social lives, along with all the threats that surround them in society. Through their respective works, the two authors present a process of feminine emancipation that has not taken place at the same time or in the same way in the two countries; both in France and in Iran, the publication of books by female writers has been a difficult and contentious enterprise, especially in the past. Despite some victories, women in Iran are far from enjoying the same rights as men, since maternity has been, for a long time, considered as the one and only role women can play in society. The two authors deal with subjects that are deemed acceptable in the society in which they write. However, from the moment they choose to handle more controversial issues, like female sexuality, they have to transgress the social norms established in literature, risking harsh criticism doing so. Such female writing theoreticians as Hélène Cixous and Béatrice Didier affirm the idea of the specificity of female writing. This difference in gender can in fact show the influence of a male chauvinist tradition or sexist culture on literature. Yet, for as much as Annie Ernaux’ and Zoyâ Pirzâd’s works do not apparently partake of the school of female writing, this difference in genres may help promoting the writings of those women who have always been marginalized and “minored”
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Hoover, Douglas Pearson. "Women in nineteenth-century Pullman." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276796.
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Built in 1880, George Pullman's railroad car manufacturing town was intended to be a model of industrial order. This Gilded Age capitalist's ideal image of working class women is reflected in the publicly prescribed place for women in the community and the company's provisions for female employment in the shops. Pullman wanted women to establish the town's domestic tranquility by cultivating a middle class environment, which he believed was a key to keeping the working class content. Throughout the course of the idealized communitarian experiment, however, Pullman's policies and prescriptions changed to meet the needs of working class families who depended on the wages of women. This paper will study the ideologies and realities surrounding women in nineteenth century Pullman.
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潘星薇 and Sing-mei Pun. "Controlling women: sexuality, imperialism andpower." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951727.
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Burton, Erika del Pilar. "Women Rule, But Do They Make A Difference? Women in Politics, Social Policy and Social Conditions in Latin America." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1860.
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Since the transitions to democracy in Latin America, women in the region have undergone major changes in their roles in society. From traditionally only present in the home to participating in collective action efforts, and finally participating at increasing numbers in governments, women have made incredible strides in the Latin American region. Latin American countries have successfully advocated for the inclusion of women in government, but few studies in academia focus on determining whether their inclusion has made a difference in government processes or in society. Borrowing from the literature positing that women are behaviorally different from men as well as their identification with motherhood and as wives in their collective action efforts in Latin America, I argue that women have different concerns from men both outside and inside of the public sphere and therefore make a difference in government with regards to policy priorities and government budget allocations. Studying 18 Latin American countries, I find that there is a gender gap in public opinion, which demonstrates that women are more concerned with social welfare matters than men. I also find that female concerns are carried into their behavior once in government as observed by female legislators’ heightened support for social welfare policies. Furthermore, I find that women in legislatures affect government behavior differently from their male counterparts as observed with female legislators’ positive effects on the allocation of the budget towards social welfare areas.
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Lambert, Heather. "An ethnographic exploration of the relationship between women and development in Ghana." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217377.
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This study was an attempt to identify the relationship between women and non-governmental organizations in Ghana. It was conducted over a period of one year in the capital city of Accra. Ethnographic and feminist methodology were the framework for the fieldwork and text. Interviews, observations and discussions with aid workers and development recipients determined the perimeters and rendered meaning. Women dominated both sides of development and aid work in Ghana; however, there was limited interaction between them. Female recipients of development were not consulted regarding development projects and were not familiar with the scope and implications of international aid. Female development personnel from both Ghana and the United States were separated from the communities and people they worked for personally and professionally. The development workers did not consider consultation with female clients a necessity or an obligation. Both groups of women struggled to incorporate the concepts and implications of development into their situated reality.Department of Anthropology
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Pang, Susan McPhail. "Industrialization and the changing status of women in society : a comparison of Japan and Thailand /." Thesis, [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12754547.
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Seger, Karen Elizabeth 1939. "WOMEN AND CHANGE IN THE YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC: A VIEW FROM THE LITERATURE (MIDDLE EAST, AGRICULTURE, EMIGRATION, WORKROLES, DEVELOPMENT)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291263.
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Yip, Pui-wah, and 葉佩華. "A study of True Light Middle School's pioneering work in women's education, 1872-1949." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951582.
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鄭秀儀 and Sau-yi Joan Cheng. "Women in China and Japan from the late 19th century to the 1930s." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574821.
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Lalonde, Gloria Marjorie Lucy. "National development and the changing status of women in India : a state by state analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66067.
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Gupta, Meenakshi 1970. "Mothers' involvement in their children's education : a comparative study of mothers from Canada, India and Mexico." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36946.
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This cross-cultural inquiry focuses on the involvement of mothers in their children's education and the ways in which motherhood impacts the personal identities of mothers. The Second-wave feminism started thirty years ago and questioned the role and position of mothers in society. The objective of this movement was to free women from the exclusive responsibility of childcare. However, three decades later women are still the primary caregivers for their children. The study involves 36 middle-class mothers, 12 each from Canada, India and Mexico. Irrespective of their cultural backgrounds, these mothers participated actively in the domestic work related to childcare and in their children's schoolwork. Participants in this study expressed their views about intensive mothering and how they sought their personal identities from the work of mothering. The majority regarded motherhood as a unique and rewarding role, and wished to continue mothering despite the frustrations and stresses they experienced. The findings concerning the childcare strategies of mothers from Canada, India and Mexico highlight some cultural differences. These cultural differences also had an impact on how these mothers perceived their roles and identities.
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Lee, Rebecca Anne. "When work empowers : women in Mexico's City's labour force." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85183.
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The sudden and steady increase in the involvement of women in the Mexican labour force beginning in the 1980s, signifies a major shift in gender roles and activities. It is a little studied outcome of Mexico's combination of economic crisis (which served to increase the supply of female labour) and subsequent adoption of neoliberal economic policies (which stimulated the demand for female labour). In fact, what is not known, are the implications of this employment for the Mexican women themselves. The dissertation moves beyond the existing literature on the gendered consequences of employment and economic development, by bringing in the citizenship literature to help define women's status. Specifically, the dissertation proposes a way of determining these consequences by examining three dimensions of women's status, two of which refer to women's roles and capabilities in the public sphere---political and economic---and one which refers to women's status in the private sphere---the household. By disaggregating the status variable, the dissertation highlights the significant improvements in women's status while identifying the remaining obstacles to gender equality. The dissertation develops a number of measures of women's multidimensional status, and assesses the differences between employed and non-employed women using data obtained from a survey of women in Mexico City. In the economic sphere, the findings indicate that employment improves women's status by enhancing women's independence. Employment provides women with the economic resources that enable them to lessen their dependence on men. At the same time, women continue to face inequality in the labour market, signifying the continuing subordination of women. In terms of women's household status, the findings show that women retain the primary responsibility for childcare, and for the maintenance of the home. This inequality is significant, and serves to limit further improvements in
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White, Pamela Margaret. "Restructuring the domestic sphere : prairie Indian women on reserves : image, ideology and state policy, 1880-1930." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=113636.
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Note:Images of Indian women shared by explorers and traders of the Northwest significantly infl uenced early Canadian government Indian policy. Under the policy of wardship, these images developed into stereotypical views. The government's goals of protection, civilization and assimilation, pertaining to Indian women residing on prairie reserves from 1880 to 1930, were to be accomplished by restructuring the domestic economy on reserve. Government and churches attempted to c hange this economy through formal instruction of Indian women in the domestic skills. Later, attempts were made to teach them to be better mothers. The state's view of Indians as inadequate housekeepers and inattentive mothers reinforced efforts to alter the way of life on reserves. Moreover, the stereotype of domestic slovenliness served to mask causes of endemic tuberculosis on the reserves . By 1930, the Canadian state had intervened in most areas of Indian womens' lives. This occurred well before unive rsal social programs were established.
L'image de la femme Amerindienne qu'ont rapportee les explorateurs et les trappeurs du Nord-ouest a influence de facon significative les premieres politiques du gouvernemnt canadien a l'egard de mis en tutelle du gouvernement federeal transformera ensuite progressivement cette perception en stereotypes. Les objectifs du gouvernement ayant trait a la protection, a l'avancement et a l'assimilation des amerindiennes vivant sur les reserves des Prairies entre 1880 et 1930 devaient etre atteints par un restructuration de l'economie interieure des reserves. Le gouvernement et les pouvoirs religieux ont tente d'y parvenir en enseignant les arts menagers aux amerindiennes. Plus tard on tentera de leur ernsigner comment etre de meilleures meres.[...]
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Darnell, Melissa Liberty. "Rethinking empowerment: Collective action as intervention with women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3401.
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This study explores women's feelings of empowerment that result from participating in collective action events. The study contributes to the growing body of social work scholarship on empowerment practice by identifying and describing the specific variables that may contribute to or enhance empowerment feelings in women as a result of collective action participation.
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Ganiere, Catherine Christine. "Women Troubadours in Southern France." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1272.
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In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries women troubadours in southern France called trobairitz participated in dialogue or debate poems called tensons with male troubadours. Of the nine existing tensons that include a male and a female voice, we will only analyze five tensons with the known identities of both the trobairitz and the troubadour that debate the subject of love, and we will include the following trobairitz tensons in this paper: Alamanda, Isabella, Garsenda, Lombarda and Maria de Ventadorn. We will discuss the thematic elements these five tensons share. Scholars such as Pierre Bec, Peter Dronke and Katharina Wilson note trobairitz' themes vary from those of traditional male troubadours. Troubadours concentrate on the outward or social manifestations of the courtly love game and values, yet trobairitz focus on the intimate, private pleasures of love by deviating from generally accepted courtly love conventions and social behaviors. Since the subject of love is debated in these five tensons, the personal character in these tensons alludes to the trobairitz's life—circumstances and incidents. A trobairitz's personal character is also illustrated in the tenson by her willingness to show personal qualities about a love relationship and as Deborah Perkal-Balinsky calls it "a willingness to deviate from accepted social behavior or perhaps the rules of the game, in an effort to attain the intimate pleasures in a love relationship" (46). The tensons discussed provide valuable information about trobairitz and courtly love—the publicly displayed values of honor, valor and mercy. At times, trobairitz solicit love by revolting against the courtly love rules to win a man. In courtly love tensons, trobairitz use the literary style, courtly vocabulary and courtly values to express both their support and criticism for the system. Through the use of courtly vocabulary, trobairitz conform to the styles developed by troubadours, yet when trobairitz write as female lovers and poets, they also discard the conventions set forth by troubadours, since they are not male lovers and poets. In each tenson the literary mode is man-in-society, and the theme centers around love"”either the praise of it or the blame from lack thereof or both (Hagen 27). In each of the five tensons, there are three common threads in the trobairitz love relationships: (1) in each tenson we see the personal character of the trobairitz; (2) we see them deviate from the accepted social behavior or the rules of the game; and (3) we witness that the trobairitz are usually unhappy with their love relationships. We will examine each tenson individually regarding these three aspects.
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Duder, Karen. "Spreading depths: lesbian and bisexual women in English Canada, 1910-1965." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3218.
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Most women who desired women in the period 1910-1965 did not have the identity categories “lesbian” and “bisexual” available to them. Even in this linguistic vacuum, however, many were able to explore same-sex relationships, to engage in physical sexual activity with women, and even to form community on the basis of same-sex desire and behaviour. How were they able to understand themselves in relation to the homophobic world in which they lived?
This dissertation examines the lives of lesbians and bisexual women in English Canada between 1910 and 1965, focusing particularly on the formation of subjectivity in relation to same-sex desires, relationships with partners and families of origin, sexual practices, and community. An analysis of oral testimonies, of journals, and of love letters shows that particular life events—the first awareness of same-sex attraction, physical exploration of that attraction, the finding of a language with which to describe same-sex desires and relationships, the first important same-sex relationship, and the finding of community—served as turning points in the formation of subjectivity. The story of that journey was later expressed as a linear and essentialist “coming out” narrative in which the individual triumphed over homophobia and ignorance and discovered her true self. That narrative structure is both understandable in the context of essentialist definitions of sexual orientation and a politically necessary one, given the need for a single identity category under which to campaign for legal and social recognition.
The two dominant formulations of same-sex relationships between women before 1965—the “romantic friendship” and the “butch-femme relationship”— have obscured and made culturally unintelligible the lives of lower middle-class lesbians and bisexual women who were neither politically active nor fighting publicly for urban lesbian space. This dissertation analyses the lives of this neglected group of women and argues that their subjectivities were constructed not only in relation to sexual attraction, but also in relation to class. Middle-class ideas of respectability and an antagonism to bar culture resulted in the formation of class-specific lesbian subjectivities.
This dissertation also suggests that women in same-sex relationships before the allegedly more liberal decades of the late twentieth century may actually have had slightly better relationships with families of origin than would later be the case. Greater adherence to notions of duty and obligation, fewer economic opportunities enabling women to live independently of family, the lack of a publicly available discourse of pathology with which families could define and reject their wayward daughters, and the lack of later notions of “alternative” lesbian families and community meant that many remained rather closer to their families than would lesbians after 1965.
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Mananga, Francisco. "La dimension juridique des conditions du travail dans le secteur de l'intervention sociale." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL20014.
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Le Travail social, axé sur les rapports humains, implique l'élaboration d'une oeuvre utile et intellectuelle, regroupe une kyrielle de professions exerçant leurs activités dans des organismes privés et publics. Aborder en droit social les conditions de travail dans ce secteur et s'interroger sur l'adaptation des principes dudit droit aux acteurs sociaux est nécessaire. En effet, les spécificités du travail social, les particularités des usagers, l'application dérogatoire du droit du travail et les conditions dans lesquelles exercent certains acteurs sociaux. . . Appellent à des réflexions. Si le régime d'équivalence reste discutable, la législation sur les responsabilités serait une application adéquate, même si la protection juridique des acteurs sociaux reste hypothétique. C'est ainsi que cette étude interroge l'applicabilité du droit social à un secteur spécifique, dont certains de ses aspects relèveraient du droit commun, d'une législation spécifique mais non nécessairement dérogatoireThe social labor is an activity based on humans relations. This means that a useful and intellectual organization has to be set up. This sector includes many professions working in private associations and in public offices. Concerning the social law, it seems to be necessary to approach the question of the working conditions and to wonder about a possible adaptation of this law to the social workers. Indeed, the special features of the social work, the particularities of users, the derogatory applications of the working law and also the manner in which some social workers practise. . . Need to be considered. If the application of the equivalence hours is deeply questionable, the legislation upon the responsibilities seems to be of an appropriate application, in spite of the fact that legal protection of the social workers remains hypothetical. So this study aims to question the opportunity of applying the general principles of the social law in this sector but no necessary derogatory
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Lui, Ka-wah, and 呂嘉華. "Li Chi's (1527-1602) view of women in society." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951375.
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Ho, Clara Wing-chung, and 何劉詠聰. "Ideas of "women as roots of disasters" in the Han period." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231585.
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Hategekimana, Celestin. "Women's empowerment in the post-1994 Rwanda: the case study of Mayaga Region." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1314.
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This research looks at the process of women’s empowerment in post- 1994 Rwanda, with special focus on twelve cooperatives working in Mayaga region and the way these cooperatives empower women, their households and the community at large. Traditional Rwandan society has been always bound by patriarchy which has not valued the reproductive roles of women as economically productive in their households and the society as a whole. On the one hand, this understanding was reversed in the post-1994 Rwanda by the commitment of the government to gender equality at the highest level of political leadership through progressive policies and legislation. On the other hand, in Mayaga region, cooperatives brought about socio-economic development and changed relationships of gender and power in a patriarchal post-conflict society. The findings from cooperatives in Mayaga region show that to prevent women from reaching their full potential is economic folly. If women are empowered, they can generate important development outcomes such as improved health, education, income levels and conflict resolution. The findings further indicate how women’s empowerment is determined by the livelihood strategies women adopt themselves to respond to their vulnerability, and by the ways in which they express their agency in making a living in a sustainable way, with the available community assets that they have access to (financial, social, human, natural and physical). This research highlights that the accessibility of the community assets used by women in Mayaga region and in Rwanda as a whole is also determined by policies, institutions and processes that are able to influence their livelihoods positively.
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Dousset, Florent. "Rugby et droit social." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10008.
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Le rugby est le dernier sport collectif en France a avoir choisi, à la fin d es années 1990, la voie du professsionalisme. Le rugbyman est désormais réménéré pour sa prestation athlétique qui constitue l'essentiel ou la totalité de ses revenus. Cette prestation s'exécute dans le cadre d'un contrat de travail reconnu comme étant salarié, impliquant ainsi l'intégration de la relation de travail en cause dans la sphère du droit social. Les dispositions législatives et réglementaires relatives au sport professionnel, et à fortiori relatives au rugby étant quasi-inexistantes, il en résulte une application des règles générales en la matière. Or, un examen de la pratique permet de constater que ces règles sont souvent écartées au profit d'usages et de règlements propres à l'activité. Quelle sont les justifications d'une telle mise à l'écart ? Résulte -t-elle d'une incompatibilité entre l'activité en cause et la règle de droit ? Est-elle justifiée par des nécessités de protection sociale ? Doit-on envisager une application coercitive du droit social ou au contraire militer en faveur d'une exception sportive ? Quels en sont les enjeux actuels ? Enfin, et plus fondentalement, le statut de salarié est-il encore adapté à la relation de travail en cause ? Tiré d'une expérience professionnelle de trois ans au sein d'un club de première division, rugby et droit social tente de faire un point sur une matière nouvelle, à l'orée de la future convention collective du rugby.
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Guyard, Lucie. "Itinérance féminine et institutions : le vagabondage féminin dans la généralité de Rouen au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR140.
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Cette recherche a pour objectif d’approcher le délit de vagabondage féminin en l’observant tel qu’il est construit par différents courants de pensées, et tel qu’il est vécu par le peuple et les vagabondes elles-mêmes. Il s’agit ici de favoriser une analyse du mouvement des femmes hors de tout cadre légal, et avant son interpellation. Cette pratique s’instaure dans un quotidien que pratiquent hommes et femmes, mais que la loi cherche à définir pour mieux la sanctionner. La monarchie au XVIIIe siècle réorganise sa maréchaussée, et instaure une lieutenance générale de police, à Rouen notamment. Ces deux institutions et leur coexistence jusqu’à la Révolution ont fait naitre les archives indispensables à notre étude, et leur ressort, étendu sur la généralité de Rouen, en a défini la zone géographique. L’image de la femme itinérante se façonne à la croisée de plusieurs analyses. Elle émane de réflexions plus générales faites sur les femmes dans la société, leur place et le rôle qu’on leur attribue alors même que la monarchie cherche à figer les individus. À ces idées s’ajoute la perception de l’indigence et ce qu’elle représente dans l’esprit des contemporains. Enfin, l’image de la vagabonde se construit également autour de la conception de la personne de passage, et ce qu’elle représente pour les communautés résidantes des lieux où elle passe. Ces conceptions se confrontent à une réalité que les politiques de répression de parviennent pas à faire disparaitre : les femmes vagabondent seules ou accompagnées. À travers leurs mots retranscrits dans les archives des institutions qui doivent les interpeller transparaissent leurs propres explications quant à leur mouvement. Et ces derniers nous renseignent sur une part de leur réalitéThis research aims to approach the crime of female vagrancy by observing it as it is constructed by different currents of thought, and as it is experienced by the people and the vagrants themselves. The aim here is to promote an analysis of the women's movement outside any legal framework, and before its arrest. This practice is part of a daily life practiced by men and women, but which the law seeks to define in order to better punish it. The monarchy in the 18th century reorganized its maréchaussée, and established a general police maintenance, particularly in Rouen. These two institutions and their coexistence until the Revolution gave rise to the archives essential to our study, and their scope, extended to the Rouen generality, defined the geographical area. The image of the homeless woman is shaped at the crossroads of several analyses. It emanates from more general reflections on women in society, their place and the role they are assigned at a time when the monarchy is trying to stabilise individuals. In addition to these ideas, there is the perception of indigence and what it represents in the minds of contemporaries. Finally, the image of the femal vagrant is also built around the conception of the transient, and what it represents for the communities residing in the places where she passes. These conceptions are confronted with a reality that repressive policies fail to eradicate: women wander alone or with support. Through their words transcribed in the archives of the institutions that have to call them out, their own explanations of their movement can be seen. And these last ones give us some information about their reality
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Botting, Ingrid. "Getting a Grand Falls job, migration, labour markets, and paid domestic work in the pulp and paper mill town of Grand Falls, Newfoundland, 1905-1939." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ62446.pdf.
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Ho, Clara Wing-chung, and 何劉詠聰. "A study of the concepts of women's "talent" and "virtue" during the early and high Qing periods =." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44569580.
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Harris, Courtney. "Irish women in mid-nineteenth century Toronto, image and experience." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47330.pdf.
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Rowe, Beverly J. "Changes in the Status of Texarkana, Texas, Women, 1880-1920." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279138/.
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Breashears, Margaret Herbst. "An Analysis of Status: Women in Texas, 1860-1920." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279203/.
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This study examined the status of women in Texas from 1860 to 1920. Age, family structure and composition, occupation, educational level, places of birth, wealth, and geographical persistence are used as the measurements of status. For purposes of analysis, women are grouped according to whether they were married, widowed, divorced, or single.
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Sharp, Pamela Agnes, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "A study of relationships between colonial women and black Australians." Deakin University, 1991. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060922.083240.
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The study is concerned with the history of black and white women in Australia during the colonial period. Particular emphasis is on the variety of cross-cultural relationships which developed between women during that time.
As a starting point, male frontier violence is discussed and compared with the more moderate approach taken by women faced with threatening situations. Among Europeans, women are revealed as being generally less racist than men. This was a significant factor in their ability to forge bonds with black women and occasionally with black men.
The way in which contacts with Aborigines were made is explored and the impact of them on the women concerned is assessed, as far as possible from both points of view. Until now, these experiences have been omitted from colonial history, yet I believe they were an important element in racial relations. It will be seen that some of these associations were warm, friendly and satisfying to both sides, and often included a good deal of mutual assistance. Others involved degrees of exploitation. Both are examined in detail, using a variety of sources which include the works of modern Aboriginal writers.
This study presents a new aspect of the female experiences which was neglected until the emergence of the feminist historians in the 1960s. It properly places women, both black and white, within Australian colonial history.
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Panter-Brick, Catherine. "Subsistence work and motherhood in Salme, Nepal." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670373.
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Seibert, Anita 1969. "From Matka Polka to new Polish woman : women and restructuring in Poland." Monash University, School of Geography and Environmental Science, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7642.
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Hackman, Marcia. "Coping strategies of women with breast cancer." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276869.
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An ethnographic study was utilized to identify coping strategies of women with breast cancer. Five women were interviewed; four were interviewed on three separate occasions, and one was interviewed twice. The data were analyzed for specific coping strategies taken by the women to deal with the stresses of breast cancer. These strategies were compared and organized into categories of coping strategies: Actions Taken, Emotional Support, Positive Outcomes, Getting Control, and Keeping a Positive Attitude. These five categories were integrated as new coping incidents appeared in the data. The original five categories were merged into three categories: Getting Control, Compensating, and Emotional Support. From these three categories the theory was written: Women with breast cancer will obtain support, get control over what they can control, and compensate for what they cannot control.
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Lloyd, Stephanie 1975. "An anxious society : the French importation of social phobia and the appearance of a new model of the self." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102807.
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This dissertation examines the introduction of social phobia into France. My analysis is concerned with how this diagnosis, which is inconsistent with the psychoanalytic model that dominates French psychiatry, is increasingly being accepted by French physicians and patients. I argue that the diagnosis social phobia offers physicians and patients a justification for life difficulties that was not provided by existing diagnoses such as phobic neurosis, obsessional neurosis or 'normal' shyness.In 2003-4 I carried out one year of fieldwork in North America and France. During this time I conducted participant observation and interviews with clinicians and members of a social phobia support group. Throughout this thesis, it is my objective to understand the disorder from three perspectives: historical, ethnographic, and sociocultural.
First, I examine French psychiatrists' claims that social phobia has existed in French psychiatric literature since the nineteenth century. I investigate the efforts of these French psychiatrists to prove that the diagnostic category has a legitimate place in French medicine. Second, I look at how a small group of Parisian psychiatrists who practice cognitive and behavioural therapy are fighting for greater awareness and acceptance of social phobia. Promoting social phobia is a means of spreading awareness of their therapeutic model. Their aim is to unseat psychoanalysis from its dominant position in French psychiatry. Many individuals prefer cognitive and behavioural therapists' explanations of social phobia symptoms to those of psychoanalysts because they are less stigmatizing and their predicted outcomes more optimistic. But many French clinicians reject the diagnosis social phobia and prefer psychoanalytic explanations for patients' symptoms. Some see it as a 'fashionable' disorder overly promoted by the pharmaceutical industry. Third, I investigate how social phobia is related to cultural behavioural ideals and societal expectations. I look at how these factors lead more people to become concerned about the symptoms of social phobia than in the past.
In the end, I explain that French physicians and patients are choosing social phobia from among other possible labels for this set of symptoms. The way that they describe this diagnosis, however, blends multiple therapeutic models and they create an explanation of the disorder which most thoroughly and positively describes patients' experiences.
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Tang, Sau-man Jenny, and 鄧秀汶. "A comparative study of the status of women in the family: Japan and Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952343.
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Morgan-Collins, Mona. "First women at the polls : examination of women's early voting behaviour." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3320/.
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My dissertation research provides first systematic analysis of women’s early voting behavior. The key contribution of this thesis is that women’s suffrage made a significant dent into electoral politics. Such finding provides a direct contradiction to the so frequent claim that women voted as their husbands for most of the twentieth century. The thesis consists of three separate chapters, each addressing a distinct puzzle in the literature. In the first paper, I argue that, contrary to most of the extant literature, women contributed to the victory of the Republican Party in the 1920 election outside of the Black Belt. In the second paper, I argue that women in Protestant countries supported parties that appealed to their welfare and suffrage preferences in the first election after the vote was won. In the third paper, I argue that the redistributive effects of women’s suffrage were mediated by women’s support for parties with redistributive agendas. The key argument of this thesis is that women tended to vote on their redistributive preferences. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that women supported conservative parties, I find robust evidence that women’s suffrage mostly benefitted parties with redistributive agendas. While my research does not seek to challenge the notion that women held socially conservative preferences, it directly contradicts the notion that women voted on such preferences for conservative parties. In the Catholic South, women’s support for Christian Democratic parties most likely reflected women’s preference for Christian Democratic type of the welfare state, which emphasized family values. In the Protestant North, women supported Socialist parties for their welfare preferences, particularly once they entered the workforce. But even at the time of suffrage, women were mainly attracted to parties on the left, responding to both their welfare and suffrage appeals to women.
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Derayeh, Minoo. "High hopes and broken promises : common and diverse concerns of Iranian women for gender equality in education and employment." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38478.
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The changes that affected Iranian women's lives after the coming of Islam in the seventh century were similar to the changes that occurred in their lives after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. In both cases these changes were largely wrought by men.Iranian women have been actively involved and have participated fully in diverse religious, political, and social contexts since the eighteenth century, but frequently without due acknowledgment. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the belief that education was a pillar of freedom began to gain popularity among Iranian women. The efforts of women to secure an equal place with men in the nation's educational institutions received support from a number of women writers and poets in the form of protests and petitions. It was through this process that Iranian women learned the importance of education in freeing them from patriarchal bondage. The twentieth century, however, witnessed the destruction of most of Iranian women's hopes and quests. Different Iranian governments enacted a series of important laws and regulations touching on "women's issues." Most of the time, however, these governments failed to consider the voices, positions and demands of women concerning these "issues."
In the last two decades, under the Islamic Republic, male authority figures continue to determine women's rights, identity, education, employment, and so on. Changes which affected the status of Iranian women came in the form of different religious decrees and laws that were justified by the argument that they all complied with the Quran and the hadiths.
Iranian women have refused to abandon their quests for an improved or even equal status. Among these women, there are those who still believe that equality can be achieved under the Islamic Republic. Women such as Rahnavard and Gorgi are relying on a "dynamic jurisprudence" that would lead to "Islamic justice." There are also other women who argue that in order to bring about true social justice, women's oppression and subordination in any form must be eliminated. They find such injustice ingrained in the existing culture. Women such as Kaar and Ebadi are making women and those in power aware of the need to achieve a "civil society," based on "social justice" through the process of "revealing the law." This group is hoping that a gradual cultural revolution brought about by women will lead to the establishment of "such justice."
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Shum, Ching-man Olivia, and 岑靜雯. "The life of imperial maids in the Tang Dynasty (618-907)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225123.
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Chan, Sai-chun, and 陳世珍. "Woman's life in the Song-Ming Period with special reference to Sanyan stories." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951028.
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Occhipinti, Laurie. "Women and property in the Czech Republic and Slovakia." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22612.
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This thesis examines women's access to property ownership in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, tracing women's property rights from the pre-communist period to the present transition to a market economy. Focusing on housing and investment property, it finds that women have a high degree of equality in household property ownership. This equality is due in part to gender equality under socialism as well as to traditions of equal inheritance. The thesis then considers women's property ownership in the context of the current 'anti-feminist' movement that encourages Czech and Slovak women to focus their energy on the domestic sphere. It suggests that the withdrawal of women from the workplace and politics may have serious consequences for gender equality.
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Tindall, Mary. "Urinary incontinence, self esteem and social participation among women 60 years and older." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276884.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between urinary incontinence and self-esteem and also social participation. A convenience sample of 25 women 60 years of age and older participated. Forty-eight percent of the women had urinary incontinence at the time of the study. No significant differences were found in the level of self-esteem between those women with urinary incontinence and those women without urinary incontinence. Two subjects with urinary incontinence reported refusing social participation due to urinary incontinence. However, no difference in the overall level of social participation was found when comparing those with to those without urinary incontinence. A nonsignificant correlation was found between self-esteem and the overall level of social participation. In addition, the relationship between self-esteem and the level of social participation for women with urinary incontinence was nonsignificant. Only two of the 12 subjects with urinary incontinence reported receiving treatment.
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Cooper, Diane. "Women's social position and their health : a case study of the social determinants of the health of women in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14955.
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Includes bibliographical references.This thesis examines the social determinants of women's health status, health knowledge and knowledge and use of health services in a peri-urban area, using Kbayelitsha in Cape Town, South Africa as a case study. It argues for the importance of women's health as a specific focus, looks at some trends in women's health internationally over the past two decades and reviews the main factors affecting women's health. Some key issues in women's health of special relevance to developing countries such as South Africa are discussed. There is a special focus on newly urbanised women in peri-urban areas. Against this background the results of a community-based survey, preceded by indepth interviews, and conducted amongst 659 women in Kbayelitsha in 1989 and 1990 are presented. Data collected were statistically analysed using unIvariate,, bivariate and multivariate analysis. A number of priority social and health problems are identified: poverty; poor environmental conditions; lack of education, partlcularly skills training appropriate for finding work and the subordinate social status of women. Major health concerns included reproductive tract infections, especially sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, contraceptive use and ante-natal care during pregnancy. There were inadequacies in cervical screening conducted by health services and deficiencies in respondents' knowledge of AIDS. cervical smears and where to obtain various health services . Young, newly urbanised women, living in the poorly serviced and unserviced informal housing areas were partlcularly vulnerable in their socio-economic and health status within a peri-urban African community such as Khayelitsha. They also had poorest health knowledge and least knowledge of where to acquire health services. Some recommended interventions focussing on certain of these areas are suggested. It is argued that changes in the provision of women's health services within a primary health care setting can only be part of the process of improving women's health. Improvements in women's economic status and their social status are fundamental to any initiatives to improve their health status.
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Mejia, Angie Pamela. "Las Pioneras : New Immigrant Destinations and the Gendered Experiences of Latina Immigrants." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1910.
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Are experiences with migration affecting culturally specific gendered practices, roles, attitudes, and ideologies of Mexican women and men? Which experiences reinforce patriarchy? Which experiences transform patriarchy? This thesis proposes that Mexican immigrant women will subscribe to and enact different gendered behaviors depending upon their perception of gendered gains. Various factors, such as time of arrival, previous experiences with negative machismos, and workforce participation affect how they construct gendered identities. The context where bargaining occurs-whether itwas the home, the community, or the workplace - inform women of what strategies they need implement in order to negotiate with patriarchy. This study employs two models, Deniz Kandiyoti's concept of the patriarchal bargain and Sylvya Walby' s theoretical position of patriarchy fomenting unique gender inequalities within different contexts, to process the different ways Mexican immigrant women perceive and perform gender.
The author analyzed data collected from participant observation activities, focus groups, and interviews with women of Mexican descent living in new immigrant destinations. Mexican immigrant women's narratives of negotiations and transformations with male partners indicated equal adherence of traditional and nontraditional gendered behaviors in order to build satisfactory patriarchal bargains. In addition, data suggested that identity formation was the outcome of migratory influences; it also indicated that progressive ideas about gender were salient before migrating to the U.S .. Findings also suggested that reassured masculine identities, due to the stable work options open to Mexican immigrant males in this area, became a factor in the emergence and adherence of distinct gendered attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions by women in this study.
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Halim, Sadeka. "Invisible again : women and social forestry in Bangladesh." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ64569.pdf.
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Stairs, Mary E. "Dialectic tension of emancipation and control in staff/client interaction at shelters for battered women." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020184.
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This study investigates the dialectic of emancipation and control in the relationship between staff and clients at shelters for battered women. The dialectic of emancipation and control represents the tension shelter workers feel in trying to empower their clients while, at the same time, maintaining control over the programs and domestic order of the shelter. Past research has introduced this dialectic, but no studies exist which view it in the context of the staff/client relationship. Additionally, very little communication research exists exploring the interaction that takes place in shelters for battered women.Four employees of four different shelters were interviewed by this researcher. Their accounts were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the constant comparative review method consistent with grounded theory. The workers' accounts indicated that the nature of their profession requires them to be dominant over their clients in five areas. Additionally, the workers discussed four contradictory aspects of their work which reflect the existence of the dialectic of emancipation and control in their interaction with clients.Department of Speech Communication
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Musset, Benoît. "Le vignoble de Champagne, de la naissance des vins mousseux à celle des maisons de champagne (1650-1830) : les transformations d'un univers vinicole, social et commercial." Reims, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REIML006.
Full textAbstract:
Dans les années 1660 apparaît le vin mousseux de Champagne. Portée par une clientèle aristocratique, cette production prend son essor à partir des années 1720, passant de quelques milliers de bouteilles à 300. 000 au début des années 1780, 3. 000. 000 vers 1830. Cette croissance bouscule peu à peu les structures économiques, sociales et viticoles du vignoble : techniques viticoles, répartition de la propriété, encadrement institutionnel. En 1789, les anciennes structures sont encore bien en place. En fait, deux grands systèmes viticoles se juxtaposent durant tout le XVIIIe siècle. Le premier est basé sur les vins rouges vendus vers Paris, les Flandres et le marché régional. Vigoureux jusqu’aux années 1820, il sert de support à une société vigneronne stable : petites exploitations, viticulture soignée, façonnement des vins sommaire, structures commerciales dominées par des courtiers au service d’acheteurs étrangers. Le second, sans modifier les techniques de culture, donne naissance à un noyau cohérent de grandes exploitations bourgeoises mettant en œuvre les nouvelles méthodes vinicoles, avec un matériel croissant dans la seconde moitié du siècle. Il génère également une profonde transformation de l’univers commercial, avec l’apparition, dans les années 1760-1770, d’un puissant négoce prenant peu à peu en charge la production, imposant une tutelle de plus en plus étroite sur les grands propriétaires et les vignerons. A la fin des années 1820, au moment où le système viticole des vins rouges commence à s’essouffler, le système des vins en bouteilles, déjà bien enraciné autour d’Epernay, commence à offrir une alternative inespérée dans la Montagne de ReimsIn the 1660’s, sparkling wines appear in the Champagne province. Encouraged by aristocratic customers, this production keeps expanding from the 1720’s on, growing from a few thousands bottles to 300 000 in the early 1780’s, and finally reaching 3 000 000 in the late 1820’s. This growth in production slowly changes the economical social and viticultural structures of the vineyard : vinicultural techniques, land organisation, state regulations. In 1789, the old structures are still very much there. In fact, two main viticultural systems coexist during the 18th century. The first one is based on the selling of red wines in Paris, the Flanders and the regional market. Flourishing until the 1820’s, it relies on a rather stable wine-growing society : small landowners, well-tended vineyards, quick method wine growing, commercial uses in the hands of the brokers working for foreign merchants. The second one, if it does not change them improves the methods of the first one, thus engendering a tissue of great bourgeois wine properties, initiating new viticultural methods, requiring a more and more sophistcated machinery in the second half of the century. It also creates a deep change in the trade sphere, when in the 1760’s 70’s there appears a powerful business world dealing with the production, imposing an always stronger watch over the big landowners and winegrowers. In the late 1820’s, at the time when the viticultural system of red wines slowly gives way, the trade of bottled wines now well organized in the Epernay region, begins to offer an unexpected and promising opening to the Montagne de Reims