Academic literature on the topic 'Women – France – Social conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Women – France – Social conditions"
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BLONDEL, BEATRICE, MONIQUE KAMINSKI, MARIE-JOSEPHE SAUREL-CUBIZOLLES, and GERARD BREART. "Pregnancy Outcome and Social Conditions of Women under 20: Evolution in France from 1972 to 1981." International Journal of Epidemiology 16, no. 3 (1987): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/16.3.425.
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Desjardins, Bertrand, Alain Bideau, and Guy Brunet. "Age of mother at last birth in two historical populations." Journal of Biosocial Science 26, no. 4 (October 1994): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021635.
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SummaryThis study uses sets of historical family reconstitutions from all of Quebec and from four villages of the Haut-Jura, France—first marriages of 2226 and 994 women, respectively—to investigate the physiological and social factors affecting age of mother at last birth before and during fertility transition. Age remained high throughout the period covered in Quebec, under ‘natural’ conditions, but showed a steady decline in the French material which extends to late 19th century generations practising family limitation.Age at marriage had no influence in Quebec; in France, however, women with the most surviving children at age 35 continued childbearing the latest. There was no link between biological ability to achieve a live birth, or in health status or aging rhythm, and age at last birth. Behaviour of mothers and daughters showed no relation. The variability in age at last birth thus appears to be random under natural conditions; with the onset of controls, social differences seem to influence not only the end of childbearing, but all aspects of behaviour governing final family size and child survival.
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Guéguen, Nicolas, and Jacques Fischer-Lokou. "Hitchhikers' Smiles and Receipt of Help." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3 (June 2004): 756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3.756-760.
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The positive association of smiling on helping behavior is well established in social psychology. Nevertheless, no study was found for the effect of smiling on hitchhiking success. An experiment was carried out in France where hitchhiking is a legal and common practice. Four confederates, 2 young men and 2 young women, selected for their “average attractiveness” hitchhiked, signaled to 800 (503 men and 297 women) motorists driving along the road on a peninsula. In half of the cases, the confederate smiled at the motorist. Analysis showed that, when hitchhiking women were smiling, motorists stopped more frequently but not when hitchhikers were men. Also, in all conditions, motorists who stopped were male.
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Guéguen, Nicolas, and Jordy Stefan. "Hitchhiking and the ‘Sunshine Driver’: Further Effects of Weather Conditions on Helping Behavior." Psychological Reports 113, no. 3 (December 2013): 994–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/17.07.pr0.113x30z8.
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Previous studies have shown that pleasant weather conditions can improve people's mood and facilitate positive social relationships. The current study tested the effect of sunshine on drivers' willingness to give hitchhikers a ride. Four confederates (2 men, 2 women; M age = 20 yr.) acted as hitchhikers on the roadside in France, on sunny and cloudy days. To minimize the influence of other important variables, hitchhiking was conducted only when it was not raining and only when the external temperatures were between 20° and 24 °C. Motorists' behavior in 2,864 hitchhiking events was analyzed. The results showed that both male and female drivers stopped more on sunny days than on cloudy days for both male and female hitchhikers. Perhaps the positive mood induced by the sunshine promotes helping behaviors.
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Assogba, Emerline L. F., Ariane Mamguem Kamga, Helène Costaz, Clémentine Jankowski, Agnès Dumas, Patrick Roignot, Geneviève Jolimoy, Charles Coutant, Patrick Arveux, and Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli. "What Are Young Women Living Conditions after Breast Cancer? Health-Related Quality of Life, Sexual and Fertility Issues, Professional Reinsertion." Cancers 12, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061564.
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In recent decades, the living conditions of young breast cancer (BC) survivors have garnered increasing attention. This population-based study aimed to identify the clinical, social and economic determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and to describe other living conditions of young long-term BC survivors. Women with non-metastatic BC diagnosed between 2006 and 2015, aged 45 years and younger at the time of diagnosis, were identified through the Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Registry of the Côte d’Or, France. Participants completed self-report questionnaires including standardized measures of HRQoL, anxiety, depression, social deprivation, social support and sexuality. Fertility and professional reintegration issues were also assessed. The determinants of HRQoL were identified using mixed regression model. In total, 218 BC survivors participated in the survey. The main determinants of poor HRQoL were anxiety, depression, comorbidities, social deprivation and menopausal status. Among 72% of women who did not receive information about fertility preservation, 38% of them would have liked to have been informed. Finally, 39% of survivors reported a negative impact of BC on their professional activity. This study showed that BC stage or treatments did not have an impact on HRQOL of young long-term BC survivors. Fertility, sexuality and professional reintegration remained the main concerns for survivors. Specific interventions in these population should focus on these issues.
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Crompton, Rosmary, and Nicky Le Feuvre. "Gender, family and employment in comparative perspective: the realities and representations of equal opportunities in Britain and France." Journal of European Social Policy 10, no. 4 (November 1, 2000): 334–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a014365.
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In this paper, we will explore how contrasting national discourses relating to women, and gender equality have been incorporated into and reflected in national policies. In the first section, we will outline the recent history of EU equal opportunities policy, in which positive action has been replaced by a policy of 'mainstreaming'. Second, we will describe the evolution of policies towards women and equal opportunities in Britain and France. It will be argued that whereas some degree of positive action for women has been accepted in Britain, this policy is somewhat alien to French thinking about equality - although pro-natalist French policies have resulted in favourable conditions for employed mothers in France. In the third section, we will present some attitudinal evidence, drawn from national surveys, which would appear to reflect the national policy differences we have identified in respect of the 'equality agenda'. In the fourth section, we will draw upon biographical interviews carried out with men and women in British and French banks in order to illustrate the impact of these cross-national differences within organizations and on individual lives. We demonstrate that positive action gender equality policies have made an important impact in British banks, while overt gender exclusionary practices still persist in the French banks studied. In the conclusion, we reflect on the European policy implications of our findings.
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Sobot, Ankica. "Understanding the gender dimension of low fertility: Employment and childbearing in Europe." Stanovnistvo 59, no. 2 (2021): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv200831005s.
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In this text, the gender dimension of low fertility is considered on the basis of the relevant literature and statistical data regarding the impact of employment on reproductive behaviour in postmodern societies. A review of fertility rates and employment rates of women with young children from 2010 onwards leads to several interesting observations. For example, during the period of study, the birth rate in Hungary increased, while it decreased in Finland by 0.4 children per woman. The most stable and relatively high fertility rates are observed in France and Sweden. At the same time, the employment rate of women with children aged three to five grew in Hungary, but the employment rate of those with children under the age of three was extremely low. In countries with higher fertility, the lowest employment rates for women with children under the age of three are in Finland and France, but they are about four times higher than the rate in Hungary. During the observed period, the employment of mothers remained stable at a relatively high level in Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands, without differences in female employment according to the age of their children. The fertility rates in these countries are relatively high. The results of empirical research in European countries suggest that the gender dimension of low fertility cannot be understood outside the specific social context, nor without considering the conditions at the micro level. Central to this consideration is the link between low fertility and women?s employment, as raising children is still gender-specific to an extent. However, men can participate in parenthood not only in terms of their reproductive behaviour, but also their right to participate in raising children. In addition, this text identifies negative perceptions of employment that refer to the modalities of worklife balance and the uncertainty regarding female and male employment. Both aspects produce certain effects on the socioeconomic position of the family, which can influence decisions relating to parenthood and the number of children the parents would like to have. In terms of taking action on low birth rates, it could be concluded that endangering families? economic status and reproducing patriarchal gender regimes are not favourable outcomes. This article provides a framework for more concrete research into these issues in Serbian society.
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Peraud, William, Bruno Quintard, and Aymery Constant. "Factors associated with violence against women following the COVID-19 lockdown in France: Results from a prospective online survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): e0257193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257193.
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Background The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown (March 17th—May 11th 2020) on violence against women in France. Methods A prospective survey was conducted online between April 2th 2020 and July 5th 2020. Female respondents were recruited from social media networks using the snowball sampling method. Data were collected three times: during (2–19 April) and at the end (11–25 May) of the first lockdown, and following the first lockdown (20 June– 05 July). Sociodemographic variables, lockdown living conditions, financial impact of COVID, and history of psychiatric disorder were evaluated, together with changes in psychological distress over the lockdown period, and the risk of being assaulted post lockdown. Results Psychological distress was elevated and remained stable for most of the 1538 female respondents during lockdown. More than 7% of women were affected by physical or sexual violence post lockdown. Unwanted sexual contact accounted for the majority of abuse, but physical and sexual assault were also prevalent. The risk of being abused was higher for participants who had changed anxiety/insomnia symptoms over the lockdown period, and a history of abuse. Discussion Women who experienced changes in anxiety/insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown were at higher risk than others of being assaulted post lockdown, especially when they were already socially vulnerable. While social and psychological factors accounting for these changes warrant further investigation, communication and preventive measures during pandemics should include initiatives tailored to women more vulnerable to violence.
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Ghoroubi, Narges, Emilie Counil, and Myriam Khlat. "Socio-Demographic Composition and Potential Occupational Exposure to SARS-CoV2 under Routine Working Conditions among Key Workers in France." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 7741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137741.
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This study aims to describe the socio-demographic profile of so-called “key workers” during the first lockdown in France and to assess their potential occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 under routine, pre-pandemic working conditions. We used the French list of essential jobs that was issued during the first lockdown to identify three subgroups of key workers (hospital healthcare, non-hospital healthcare, non-healthcare). Based on the population-based “Conditions de travail-2019” survey, we described the socio-demographic composition of key workers and their potential work-related exposures (to “infectious agents,” “face-to-face contact with the public,” and “working with colleagues”) using modified Poisson regression. In general, women, clerical and manual workers, workers on temporary contracts, those with lower education and income, and non-European immigrants were more likely to be key workers, who accounted for 22% of the active population. Non-healthcare essential workers (57%) were the most socially disadvantaged, while non-hospital healthcare workers (19%) were polarized at both extremes of the social scale; hospital healthcare workers (24%) were intermediate. Compared to non-key workers, all subgroups had greater exposure to infectious agents and more physical contact with the public. This study provides evidence of accumulated disadvantages among key workers concerning their social background, geographical origin, and potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
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Ponsard, Nathalie. "Life Writing from Below in France." European Journal of Life Writing 7 (March 28, 2018): LWFB67—LWFB79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.7.243.
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Without seeking to be exhaustive, this paper offers an overview of the different ways in which workers’ autobiographies have been analysed in France in the human sciences. In the first phase, a social and political approach was dominant. Through workers’ autobiographies written in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, researchers have attempted to grasp the relationship to politics, and especially in the twentieth century the acceptance or rejection of the communist model in the reconstruction of their political and trade union trajectories. At the same time, in a cultural approach, they have tried to understand the educational and literary influences which marked these self-taught workers who, unusually in the workers’ world, crossed over from practices of reading to practices of writing. Over the last ten years, workers’ autobiographies have become sources particularly used in the framework of labour history and workers’ history. Indeed they make it possible to grasp how men and women articulate their working conditions: the atmosphere in the workshop, gestures in work and relations between the body and the work, perception of noises and smells, relationships with hierarchy and trade-unions. These autobiographies can be considered as constituting real “political acts” which contribute to class struggle. Finally, at the intersection of anthropological researches about “ordinary writings” and literary studies about the writing of work and writing at work, they pose a question about the means and the meaning of writing experiences by paying more attention to the form of the writings and to the workers’ literary ambitions, which are often revealed in interviews.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women – France – Social conditions"
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Clifton, Naomi. "Women, work and family in England and France : a question of identity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d39ca1d0-d8fc-4f54-aea3-fba3fd68e984.
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This thesis explores some of the individual attitudes and choices which may explain differing patterns in women's work in England and France. Women's work, however, cannot be considered outside the context of their family lives, and there exist important differences between England and France in terms of the structures in place to facilitate the combining of paid work and family commitments. It is proposed that these are related to broader social and economic structures which characterise the countries concerned, and the family and gender roles assumed by them. The question addressed, therefore, is the relationship between work identity and female identity. This is examined by comparing full-time working women, both single and with families, in the two countries. Since the question concerns meanings rather than frequencies, quantitative methods such as surveys are rejected in favour of a triangulated methodology combining repertory grid, Twenty Statements Test and in- depth interview. The results from each of these are reported separately. There is strong convergence within and clear differences between national groups, regardless of marital status. French and English groups are both committed to working, but this takes different forms in the two countries. The French women define themselves equally in terms of work, personal relationships and social lives, with relatively little conflict between them. For the English women, work identity comes first, there is more conflict between work and family roles and more tension in personal relationships. This may partly be accounted for by the English women's greater concern with career progression and personal advancement, which is more likely to conflict with family roles. The findings are related to broader issues of economic, social and family policy, historical factors, religious traditions and attitudes towards gender and equality. These themselves are seen as reflecting more general ideologies in the countries concerned. Finally, there is a consideration of questions raised by the study, and suggestions for further research.
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Peri-Rotem, Nitzan. "The role of religion in shaping women's family and employment patterns in Britian and France." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e0cedea1-973c-4395-9916-d47416672802.
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The current study examines the influence of religious affiliation and practice on family patterns and labour market activity for women in Western Europe, focusing on Britain and France. While both countries have experienced a sharp decline in institutionalized forms of religion over the past decades, differences in family and fertility behaviour on the basis of religiosity seem to persist. Although previous studies documented a positive correlation between religion and both intended and actual family size, there is still uncertainty about the different routes through which religion affects fertility, how structural factors are involved in this relationship and whether and how this relationship has changed along with the process of religious decline. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the interrelationships between religion, educational attainment, female labour force participation, union formation and fertility levels. The data come from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which contains 18 waves from 1991 to 2008, and the French survey of the Generations and Gender Programme (GGP), which was initially conducted in 2005. By following trends in fertility differences by religious affiliation and practice across birth cohorts of women, it is found that religious differences in fertility are not only persistent across birth cohorts, there is also a growing divide between non-affiliated and religiously practicing women who maintain higher fertility levels. Religious differences in family formation patterns and completed fertility are also explored, taking into account the interaction between education and religiosity. It appears that the effect of education on fertility differs by level of religiosity, as higher education is less likely to lead to childlessness or to a smaller family size among more religious women. The findings on the relationships between family and work trajectories by level of religiosity also point to a reduced conflict between paid employment and childbearing among actively religious women, although these patterns vary by religious denomination and by country.
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Bassel, Leah. "Unveiling agency : feminism and multiculturalism in the "Affaire du Foulard"." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64127.pdf.
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Moura, Lívia Marinho de [UNESP]. "Dos pés à cabeça: a reestruturação produtiva e a atuação das mulheres nas indústrias no município de Franca/SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98619.
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moura_lm_me_fran.pdf: 621004 bytes, checksum: 856908dab8b9f960adc95036948ab37d (MD5)O presente trabalho incide sobre a realidade de algumas mulheres realmente corajosas e empreendedoras que resolveram deixar de lado os medos e as inseguranças introduzidas na sociedade pela realidade atual do mundo do trabalho. O município de Franca, conhecido mundialmente pela produção do calçado masculino, recebeu, de maneira impactante, todos os choques econômicos e sociais demandados das reestruturações produtivas e suas manifestações e conflitos trazidos à realidade da população. Foi realizada uma perspectiva histórica em relação ao movimento operário, de sua inserção na indústria têxtil, da participação das mulheres como força de trabalho nesse contexto, da trajetória produtiva de Franca e Região e das mudanças ocorridas nesse percurso. Mais do que uma atividade específica, a lingerie representa para as mulheres e para a coletividade Francana uma alternativa, uma perspectiva e uma mudança. Evidencia-se durante o estudo que muitas práticas ainda permanecem, como a do aviltamento do trabalho feminino, a exploração das forças de trabalho, o exercício do trabalho domiciliar e o achatamento dos salários e lucros. Entretanto, é notória, em diversos momentos da pesquisa, a presença da esperança, da satisfação, do encanto pelo trabalho, de melhores condições profissionais, sociais e familiares. Realizar tal estudo gratifica e instiga os pesquisadores e, ao mesmo tempo, traz à tona as responsabilidades acadêmicas e profissionais do Serviço Social
This work focuses on the reality of some truly really courageous and enterprising women who have decided to put aside fears and insecurities in society introduced by the current reality of the world of work. The city of Franca, known worldwide for producing men's shoes, was so impressive, all the economic and social demands of the productive restructuring and its manifestations and conflicts brought to the reality of the population. We performed a historical perspective in relation to the labor movement, its insertion in the textile industry, the participation of women as labor force in this context, the history of France and productive region and to the changes in this route. More than one specific activity, the lingerie is for women and for the collective Francana an alternative perspective and a change. It is of note during the study that many practices still remain, such as the degradation of female labor, the exploitation of the labor force, the exercise of home work and flattening of wages and profits.However, it is notorious, at various times of the study, the presence of hope, of satisfaction, the work of the charm of better employment conditions, social and family. Such a study and rewards entices researchers and at the same time, brings out the responsibilities of academic and professional social work
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Moura, Lívia Marinho de. "Dos pés à cabeça : a reestruturação produtiva e a atuação das mulheres nas indústrias no município de Franca/SP/." Franca : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98619.
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Orientador: Helen Barbosa Raiz EnglerBanca: Reginaldo Guiraldelli
Banca: Ubaldo Silveira
Resumo: O presente trabalho incide sobre a realidade de algumas mulheres realmente corajosas e empreendedoras que resolveram deixar de lado os medos e as inseguranças introduzidas na sociedade pela realidade atual do mundo do trabalho. O município de Franca, conhecido mundialmente pela produção do calçado masculino, recebeu, de maneira impactante, todos os choques econômicos e sociais demandados das reestruturações produtivas e suas manifestações e conflitos trazidos à realidade da população. Foi realizada uma perspectiva histórica em relação ao movimento operário, de sua inserção na indústria têxtil, da participação das mulheres como força de trabalho nesse contexto, da trajetória produtiva de Franca e Região e das mudanças ocorridas nesse percurso. Mais do que uma atividade específica, a lingerie representa para as mulheres e para a coletividade Francana uma alternativa, uma perspectiva e uma mudança. Evidencia-se durante o estudo que muitas práticas ainda permanecem, como a do aviltamento do trabalho feminino, a exploração das forças de trabalho, o exercício do trabalho domiciliar e o achatamento dos salários e lucros. Entretanto, é notória, em diversos momentos da pesquisa, a presença da esperança, da satisfação, do encanto pelo trabalho, de melhores condições profissionais, sociais e familiares. Realizar tal estudo gratifica e instiga os pesquisadores e, ao mesmo tempo, traz à tona as responsabilidades acadêmicas e profissionais do Serviço Social
Abstract: This work focuses on the reality of some truly really courageous and enterprising women who have decided to put aside fears and insecurities in society introduced by the current reality of the world of work. The city of Franca, known worldwide for producing men's shoes, was so impressive, all the economic and social demands of the productive restructuring and its manifestations and conflicts brought to the reality of the population. We performed a historical perspective in relation to the labor movement, its insertion in the textile industry, the participation of women as labor force in this context, the history of France and productive region and to the changes in this route. More than one specific activity, the lingerie is for women and for the collective Francana an alternative perspective and a change. It is of note during the study that many practices still remain, such as the degradation of female labor, the exploitation of the labor force, the exercise of home work and flattening of wages and profits.However, it is notorious, at various times of the study, the presence of hope, of satisfaction, the work of the charm of better employment conditions, social and family. Such a study and rewards entices researchers and at the same time, brings out the responsibilities of academic and professional social work
Mestre
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Pilorget, Julie. "Des femmes dans la ville : Amiens (1380-1520)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL118.
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Cette thèse de doctorat étudie la place des femmes dans la société urbaine des derniers siècles du Moyen Âge. Son objectif réside en l’examen des multiples opportunités offertes alors aux femmes, tant dans le domaine juridique qu’économique et social. La recherche s’appuie sur l’observatoire privilégié de la ville d’Amiens, capitale régionale dynamique, qui présente l’intérêt d’appartenir à un système coutumier original, particulièrement favorable aux femmes. La caractéristique des coutumes picardes tient essentiellement à ce qu’elles donnent la priorité au ménage sur le lignage. L’institution de la communauté de biens entre époux permet ainsi de considérer les femmes comme de véritables actrices économiques. Leurs différentes occupations révèlent leur présence quotidienne et leur participation constante à la vie économique de la cité. Sur le plan social, elles en retirent une visibilité certaine et font partie intégrante de la communauté des habitants. De plus, l’étude des registres de délibérations et livres de justice démontre qu’elles n’hésitent pas à s’affirmer par la verdeur de leur propos sur la place publique, où tous sont en représentation. L’objectif de ce travail est également d’améliorer notre compréhension des rapports de genre dans le contexte du renforcement de l’ordre social à l’aube des Temps Modernes. Enfin, d’un point de vue méthodologique, ce sujet, centré sur un espace de syncrétisme aux confins des influences flamande et orléano-parisienne, entend réinterroger les périodisations académiques et conduire, par le dialogue entre sciences humaines, au décloisonnement des réflexionsThis dissertation examines the place of women in the medieval town of Amiens and demonstrates the continuing significance of women’s participation in diverse aspects of social and economic life during the historical shift from the medieval to the early modern era. This city adhered to a unique legal system called ‘picard-wallon’, which was particularly favourable to women, making them the owners of half of the family patrimony. Since family structures played a determining role in the ideological choices and economic behaviour of family members, the institution of community property between spouses allows us to consider women as legitimate economic agents. The study of women’s activity in the marketplace in particular, shows that we should first rethink the public/private dichotomies that have long been applied to gender studies. This work also highlights the nature of women’s contribution to the medieval society. Public space fostered orality and the production of specific speech acts. The study of women’s involvement in crime shows that they were not afraid of defending their honour if necessary. Therefore, this dissertation sheds light on the reinforcement of the public order at the end of the Middle Ages and its consequences on gender relations at the beginning of the early modern period. Finally, this dissertation makes use of new methodological perspectives. By focusing on a place of syncretism, at the intersection of three different regional areas, this study highlights the multi-cultural influences at work in the city in order to interrogate the relevance of classical periodization and establish the importance of a transdisciplinary approach to medieval studies
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Salehi, Rizi Elaheh. "Identités féminines et mutations sociales dans les ɶuvres de Zoyâ Pirzâd et Annie Ernaux." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2009.
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Nombreuses sont les écrivaines en Iran et en France qui portent un regard critique sur leur société et profitent de leur statut d’auteure pour exiger l’égalité des droits pour toutes les femmes. Zoyâ Pirzâd et Annie Ernaux ont pour but de présenter les réalités sociales d’une époque, chacune à sa manière et avec un style adapté à des sociétés aussi différentes que la France et l’Iran. En jouant le rôle de témoins du passé et du présent, ces deux écrivaines abordent la réalité quotidienne de la femme dans sa vie intime, de la naissance à l’âge adulte, ainsi que son statut familial et sa vie sociale, et les menaces qui guettent la femme dans la société. À travers leurs œuvres respectives, les deux auteures présentent une émancipation féminine qui ne s’est pas réalisée au même moment ni de la même façon dans ces deux pays ; dans ces deux sociétés, la publication de livres par les femmes a été une entreprise difficile et conflictuelle, surtout par le passé : malgré certains acquis, les femmes iraniennes sont néanmoins encore loin de jouir des mêmes droits que les hommes – la maternité ayant longtemps été vue comme le seul rôle de la femme. Les écrivaines parlent en général des sujets acceptables dans la société où l’œuvre est produite, mais pour des questions controversées comme la sexualité féminine, elles sont obligées de transgresser les normes sociales qui pèsent sur la littérature, au risque des critiques les plus violentes. Certaines théoriciennes, comme Hélène Cixous et Béatrice Didier, affirment la spécificité de l’écriture féminine. Cette distinction de genre peut en effet montrer l’influence d’une tradition machiste ou une culture sexiste sur la littérature. Pourtant, quoique les œuvres d’Annie Ernaux et de Zoyâ Pirzâd ne semblent pas relever exclusivement de l’écriture féminine, cette distinction genrée peut valoriser les écrits des femmes qui ont toujours été marginalisées et minoréesMany are the female writers, both in Iran and France, who look at society with a critical eye, and capitalize on their status as female authors to demand equality of rights for all women. Zoyâ Pirzâd and Annie Ernaux aim at presenting the social realities of an era, both in a way and in a style that are adapted to societies as different as Iranian and French ones. As witnesses of the past and the present, these two female writers tackle the issues of daily life reality for women, their intimacy, from birth to adult age, as well as their family status and social lives, along with all the threats that surround them in society. Through their respective works, the two authors present a process of feminine emancipation that has not taken place at the same time or in the same way in the two countries; both in France and in Iran, the publication of books by female writers has been a difficult and contentious enterprise, especially in the past. Despite some victories, women in Iran are far from enjoying the same rights as men, since maternity has been, for a long time, considered as the one and only role women can play in society. The two authors deal with subjects that are deemed acceptable in the society in which they write. However, from the moment they choose to handle more controversial issues, like female sexuality, they have to transgress the social norms established in literature, risking harsh criticism doing so. Such female writing theoreticians as Hélène Cixous and Béatrice Didier affirm the idea of the specificity of female writing. This difference in gender can in fact show the influence of a male chauvinist tradition or sexist culture on literature. Yet, for as much as Annie Ernaux’ and Zoyâ Pirzâd’s works do not apparently partake of the school of female writing, this difference in genres may help promoting the writings of those women who have always been marginalized and “minored”
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Hoover, Douglas Pearson. "Women in nineteenth-century Pullman." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276796.
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Built in 1880, George Pullman's railroad car manufacturing town was intended to be a model of industrial order. This Gilded Age capitalist's ideal image of working class women is reflected in the publicly prescribed place for women in the community and the company's provisions for female employment in the shops. Pullman wanted women to establish the town's domestic tranquility by cultivating a middle class environment, which he believed was a key to keeping the working class content. Throughout the course of the idealized communitarian experiment, however, Pullman's policies and prescriptions changed to meet the needs of working class families who depended on the wages of women. This paper will study the ideologies and realities surrounding women in nineteenth century Pullman.
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潘星薇 and Sing-mei Pun. "Controlling women: sexuality, imperialism andpower." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951727.
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Burton, Erika del Pilar. "Women Rule, But Do They Make A Difference? Women in Politics, Social Policy and Social Conditions in Latin America." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1860.
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Since the transitions to democracy in Latin America, women in the region have undergone major changes in their roles in society. From traditionally only present in the home to participating in collective action efforts, and finally participating at increasing numbers in governments, women have made incredible strides in the Latin American region. Latin American countries have successfully advocated for the inclusion of women in government, but few studies in academia focus on determining whether their inclusion has made a difference in government processes or in society. Borrowing from the literature positing that women are behaviorally different from men as well as their identification with motherhood and as wives in their collective action efforts in Latin America, I argue that women have different concerns from men both outside and inside of the public sphere and therefore make a difference in government with regards to policy priorities and government budget allocations. Studying 18 Latin American countries, I find that there is a gender gap in public opinion, which demonstrates that women are more concerned with social welfare matters than men. I also find that female concerns are carried into their behavior once in government as observed by female legislators’ heightened support for social welfare policies. Furthermore, I find that women in legislatures affect government behavior differently from their male counterparts as observed with female legislators’ positive effects on the allocation of the budget towards social welfare areas.
Books on the topic "Women – France – Social conditions"
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McMillan, James. France and Women, 1789-1914. London: Taylor & Francis Group Plc, 2004.
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McMillan, James. France and Women, 1789-1914. London: Taylor & Francis Inc, 2004.
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Carrie, Tarr, and Freedman Jane, eds. Women, immigration and identities in France. Oxford: Berg, 2000.
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Theodore, Evergates, ed. Aristocratic women in medieval France. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
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Social mobility in industrial societies: Women in France and Sweden. Stockholm: Dept. of Sociology, University of Stockholm, 1987.
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Marianne or Germania?: Nationalizing women in Alsace, 1870-1946. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
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1949-, Holmes Diana, and Tarr Carrie, eds. A "Belle Epoque"?: Women in French society and culture, 1890-1914. New York: Berghahn Books, 2007.
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Women's rights in France. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.
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Grogan, Susan K. French socialism and sexual difference: Women and the new society, 1803-44. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.
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DiCaprio, Lisa. The origins of the welfare state: Women, work, and the French Revolution. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Women – France – Social conditions"
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Jarty, Julie, and Karina Batthyány. "Recent Evolutions of Gender, State Feminism and Care Models in Latin America and Europe." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 361–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_12.
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AbstractThis chapter presents and characterises the way in which, in the twenty-first century, after years of feminist struggles inside and outside of institutions, gender relations are organised in the different countries of the INCASI project (on the European side, Spain, Italy, Finland, France and the United Kingdom, on the side of the South American Southern Cone, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay). It pays special attention to the implementation of feminist issues on political agendas, and in particular the assignment of women to unpaid care work—an aspect of the power continuum that we look to relate to other aspects. Gradually and for almost a century all countries in both continents have granted women the status of subjects, citizens and employees. However, the conditions, challenges and timelines of this process differ considerably from one continent to another, so they need to be addressed separately. The neoliberal era did not have the same impact in Europe as it did in South America (nor was it exactly the same between particular European countries or among South American ones).
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Carr-Hill, Roy A. "The status of women." In Social Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa, 156–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377172_13.
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McMillan, James F. "World War I and Women in France." In Total War and Social Change, 1–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19574-9_1.
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Afsar, Md, and Suman Kumari. "Women Journalists in India’s Rural Areas: Social and Economic Conditions." In Techno-Societal 2020, 1107–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69925-3_105.
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Sek-Hong, Ng, and Victor Fung-Shuen Sit. "Women and Young Workers, Subcontract Labour and Homeworkers, and “Social Wages”." In Labour Relations and Labour Conditions in Hong Kong, 157–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10822-0_7.
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Isidro, Lola, and Antoine Math. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in France." In IMISCOE Research Series, 165–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_11.
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Abstract After a long judicial fight between the 1970s and the late 1990s leading to the abolition of the condition of nationality that excluded foreigners from non-contributory benefits, and in a context of publicly debated restrictive immigration policies, other restrictive conditions were either reinforced or introduced in order to curb access to social protection for foreigners in France. A new condition of regularity for the access of foreigners to most social protection schemes was introduced and/or extended, especially since 1993. In a growing xenophobic context, restrictions were presented as a means to deter immigration and save the Welfare State placed under strong budgetary constraints. The classical condition of residence was also reactivated in a way to place more restrictions. New requirements, such as a condition of anteriority of presence and a condition of anteriority (seniority) of regular residence, were developed to exclude more non-EU migrants, despite their regular situation.
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Behrent, Michael C. "Pluralism’s Political Conditions: Social Realism and the Revolutionary Tradition in Pierre Leroux, P.-J. Proudhon and Alfred Fouillée." In Pluralism and the Idea of the Republic in France, 99–121. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137028310_6.
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Jafree, Sara Rizvi, and Fareen Rahman. "Oral Narrations of Social Rejection Suffered by South Asian Women with Irreversible Health Conditions." In The Sociology of South Asian Women’s Health, 35–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50204-1_3.
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Arrighi, Jean-Thomas, and Jean-Michel Lafleur. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for French Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 193–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_11.
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Abstract While predominantly a country of immigration, France also counts with a sizeable population of citizens abroad of around three million individuals (4% of the domestic population). This chapter provides a general overview of France’s diaspora institutions, consular policies and social protection policies for citizens abroad. It describes in detail expatriates’ conditions of eligibility and access to welfare in the areas of unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and economic hardship. It shows that France, by European standards, has a comparatively strong level of engagement with its expatriates, particularly in the areas of electoral rights, culture and social protection. This must be understood in the light of France’s colonial history, its continued ambition to be a global actor, and its well-developed domestic welfare state that has increasingly become de-territorialised.
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Fabinyi, Michael, and Kate Barclay. "Fishing Livelihoods and Social Diversity." In Asia-Pacific Fishing Livelihoods, 45–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79591-7_3.
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AbstractThis chapter shifts scale from Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-79591-7_2 to focus on the local context and analyse the everyday sets of social relationships that frame the lives of those engaged in fishing livelihoods. The broad structural forces of migration, technology and markets along with the wider economy all intersect with local sets of social structures to shape the conditions in which fishing livelihoods operate. Here we present two examples of how different forms of social differentiation interact with fishing livelihoods. In the Western Philippines, class and status intersect with cultural values to generate power relations and hierarchies in different roles associated with fishing livelihoods. In Pacific Island countries, gender norms structure the different types of fishing activities in which men and women are involved.
Conference papers on the topic "Women – France – Social conditions"
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Neufcourt, Lola, Camille Joannès, Marine Maurel, Niamh M. Redmond, Cyrille Delpierre, and Michelle Kelly-Irving. "P48 Risk of COVID-19 infection among men and women during the lockdown of spring 2020 in France." In Society for Social Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2021-ssmabstracts.136.
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Xi, Xingxuan, Huixian Zhang, and Lei Meng. "Investigation on the Effects of Maternity Support Conditions on Reproductive Behavior of Women of Childbearing Age in Beijing." In 2017 International Conference on Management, Education and Social Science (ICMESS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmess-17.2017.102.
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Panok, Vitalii, and Iryna Tkachuk. "Social-Psychological problems of pedagogues in conditions pandemic of COVID-19." In National Events on WMHD in Ukraine. N-DSA-N, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/nmhdup2021.4.
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Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic may have hit the education industry the hardest, but the socio-psychological effects of quarantine are still poorly understood. A group of scientists from the Ukrainian SMC of practical psychology and social work of the NAES of Ukraine has conducted a study of the socio-psychological problems that have arisen for teaching staff of general secondary education establishments in the context of the pandemic. Purpose. The research was carried out during the implementation of the scientific topic «Overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the activities of the psychological service of the educational system» on the order of the National Research Fund of Ukraine. Design\approach\methodology. The study was conducted by interviewing educators through Google forms. Most of the questions contained a 10-step scale. In processing the data, all respondents’ answers were grouped into 5 categories: "yes", "more likely to", "more likely not", "no", "don’t know/it’s hard to say". The survey was attended by 3,209 teaching staff from general secondary education institutions from all regions of Ukraine, 45% from urban areas, 55% from rural areas; among which 92% were women and 8% were men. Results. Among the results, researchers highlighted the difficulties and fears of educators caused by the pandemic. The fears and complexities of the profession were distributed as follows. 1. The fear of getting infected (infecting family members) is common to 78.2% of the surveyed. 40.9% of the interviewed felt this fear to the greatest extent. However, 9.3% found those fears irrelevant. 2. Problems associated with the use of ICT in educational activities (lack of competence) — 53.2%. Among those, 22.2% have major difficulties and 31% have minor difficulties. Only 15.7% consider themselves fully competent. 3. 73% of educators noted difficulties in involving children in distance learning. This was the main problem for 12.8% of respondents. 4. «It is difficult to adhere to all anti-epidemic requirements in an educational institution to protect students» — 69.5% stated that this is one of the most significant problems of professional activity. 5. Emotional exhaustion, loss of emotional balance, excessive fatigue. 58.7% said that the problem was significant, of which almost 18% said it was very significant. 6. 51.1% of respondents indicated that they were unable to communicate with students' parents regarding monitoring the quality of their students' knowledge. Of these, 8.7% rated it with the highest score. 7. Health related difficulties (consequential of COVID-19). 31.2% of educators consider this problem to be relevant, while 8.9% rated it as very relevant. 30.4% of those interviewed denied the existence of such a problem. Conclusions Taking into account the results of the study, the most relevant areas in the work of the psychologists in the educational system are the following: ● prevention among educators and students of the COVID-bullying; ● working with negative emotional states of participants in the educational process and increasing their stress tolerance; ● providing socio-educational assistance to children and families in difficult life situations, and forming positive life prospects. Keywords. COVID-19 pandemic; pedagogues; social-psychological problems; fear of getting infected; emotional exhaustion
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Khazova, S. A., and N. S. Shipova. "Emotional intelligence as a resource for codependent women." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.965.977.
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The relevance of the study of personal resources is related to the importance of knowledge about the factors that determine a person’s mental health despite living conditions. The research aim was to study the emotional intelligence as a coping resource of codependent women. Sample: 19 women aged 32 to 47 years who are in a close relationship with a chemically dependent person. All women are clients of groups that help relatives of dependent people in Kostroma. Methods: The Mayer — Salovey — Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test 1998 (MSCEIT v. 2.0), adaptation in Russian (Sergienko & Vetrova, 2010); Co-Dependency Assessment Inventory (Weinhold & Weinhold, 2008); Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Folkman & Lazarus, 1988, adaptation in Russian (Kryukova, 2010); Projective technique «Man in the rain» by E. V. Romanova, T. I. Sytko (1992). The results indicate a lower development of emotional intelligence, the ability to understand emotions and consciously manage them, and features of the emotional sphere were found: feelings of insecurity, emotional coldness, impulsiveness and infantile. 47 % of women cope with the situation of dependence of a loved one unconstructively and are prone to excessive self-control, search for social support, and strive to solve the problem in any way. This does not allow you to cope with the dependence of a loved one and with your own codependent state. Regression analysis shows a fairly positive impact on coping behavior of the ability to understand and analyze emotions, use them in solving problems, consciously manage them, and predict their emotional States in the future. On the one hand, distance from the situation is reduced, on the other hand, emotional intelligence creates conditions for confrontation with the dependent behavior of a loved one and for a positive reevaluation of the situation in the context of strengthening one’s own personality. These results allow us to speak about the resource role of emotional intelligence in the situation of codependent relationships.
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Jasim Muhammad Hamza, Rana. "The Yazidi Survivors Between the Tragedy of the Genocide and the Reality of the Camps." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/33.
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"The camps are a cumulative assembly that does not constitute a sense of belonging and does not constitute a coherent social body. Therefore, the camps were not prepared to meet the needs, and are not suitable for practicing work except in the most limited limits, almost creating a feeling for those who live in them that they are neglected, and that life in the camps reminds the survivors Every day, with what they have lost, they find themselves in a vicious circle. It is clear that the issue of Yazidi women has become a general humanitarian and social issue on the one hand, and a special issue related to women and the forms of kidnapping, rape and violence they have been subjected .to This study seeks to examine the situation of Yazidi girls and women after their return from kidnapping, and about the reality of the services provided to them by some international and local organizations. Based on the importance of documenting these services provided to women and girls in displacement camps, the study focuses on the service frameworks provided to them, as it is an important step in knowing the size of the gap in the protection services provided to them, and the study contributes to identifying the priorities that must be taken into account when developing plans future to achieve better conditions for Yazidi women survivors of violence. The study shows that women are suffering from multiple forms of violations committed against them, as women have suffered a lot from the effects of the control of (ISIS) gangs from kidnapping, rape and forced marriage, as well as forcing them to convert to the Islamic religion, Women still suffer from an unknown fate, as girls and women today have become widows or orphans in situations devoid of protection and support mechanisms. Most of the survivors, whether residing in the camps or residing outside the camps, lack health services, including psychological and social support. This study aims to identify the social and economic conditions that Yazidi women live in the camps, with the identification of the most important services provided to Yazidi women and their effectiveness in covering their needs. Given the 4 importance of this study, we will rely on the case study method, because it reveals to us closely the real and actual conditions of the .Yazidi women's conditions after their return inside the camps"
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Wahyurini, Endah, and Humam Santosa Utomo. "Creating Agricultural Product Innovations and Business Development: A Case in Farmer Women Group." In LPPM UPN "VETERAN" Yogyakarta International Conference Series 2020. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/pss.v1i1.182.
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The Covid-19 pandemic implies a decrease in family income, resulting in social problems such as unemployment and poverty. This study aims to describe the process of creating product innovation carried out by groups of women farmers by using the land around the house to grow vegetables and the challenges they face. The study was conducted on a group of female farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta using a qualitative analysis approach. Data collection techniques used observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The results of this study indicate that the crisis conditions and knowledge play an important role in the creation of innovation in agriculture. The diverse knowledge of the members creates new product and service innovation ideas. Universities, local governments, and industry play a role in encouraging the creation of innovation and the formation of joint ventures so that members get economic benefits. The women farmer groups have grown their roles, not only as social organizations but also in business organizations.
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Gökçek Karaca, Nuray, and Erol Karaca. "The Future Expectations and Laboration of Migrant Women From Turkey in Germany." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01490.
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This study sought to investigate future expectations and laboration of the migrant women from Turkey in Germany. The research was carried out with 570 migrant women from Turkey in Germany in 2012-2013. The data were collected by using a questionnaire developed by the researcher based on a literature review. Data were analyzed with factor analysis by using the statistical package SPSS. According to the research results, a significant number of women said that they are housewives but not working. This result points out the continuity of perception and evaluation of being a housewife “as not a profession and form of labor”. The data about women except from housewives reveals the difficulties in their labor life and also the effectiveness of informal networks on laborization process. Overwhelming majority of these women have experienced various jobs and indicated lower and inadequate wages as the reason of these experiences. In addition, the most effective means in the process of finding jobs is the circle of acquaintances rather than job-creating agencies, trainings and employment tests. As a result of the inadequacy of formal structure, a significant number of women has to work with low wages and not obtained sufficient social benefits. In spite of the difficulties faced by women in their laborization process, a great majority of women have the social security right. The presence of social security, however, could not prevent feeling insecure about their future and negative evaluation about their economic conditions.
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Çaha, Ömer. "Work and Family Conflict: The Case of Women in the Turkish Health Sector." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02123.
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This study focuses on employment status and mobilization processes of women at 102 hospitals in 12 provinces of Turkey. The main question of the research is whether women face glass ceiling problem at hospitals, which are the locomotive stations of the healthcare sector. According to research findings based on institutional analysis, questionnaires and in-depth interviews, there is an obvious glass ceiling problem at hospitals. Although the proportion of women working at hospitals is higher than that of men, there are more men at administrative level than women. In this respect, no significant difference has been found between private hospitals and public hospitals. In both sectors, women clearly fall behind men regarding mobilization processes. This is due to working conditions and social relations within hospitals as well as personal preferences.
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Kamenevа, A. D. "MEDICAL AND SOCIAL INDICATORS OF VEGETABLE GROWERS OF ELDERLY WORKERS." In The 4th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» International Youth Forum (OHIYF-2022). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-6-9-2022-1-100-104.
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Introduction: The ability to work of elderly worker population is urgent problem due to population age structure changes and labor shortages in number of specialties. Also, one of the most important issues discussed among modern medical practice is the relationship between doctor and a patient. This is especially important under periodic medical examination (PME) to identifying professional and work-related diseases. The goal of study: Analysis of social, clinical and physiological indicators by comparing the results of medical examination with the results of survey using the Work ability index (WAI) questionnaire to determine the priority factors that are significant for decision-making by persons working in harmful occupational conditions about prolonging the length of work when reaching retirement age for protected ground workers. Materials and methods: 82 women working in the agricultural «Spring» (vegetable growers) of older age groups were surveyed within the framework of the PME and interviewed using a WAI questionnaire and sociological questionnaire. After that, the survey results were compared with the data of regulated periodic medical examination (PME). Conclusion: There is significant discrepancy between self-assessment of health by employees and the results of PME. The method of independent questioning can be used in combination with medical examinations, allowing to identify groups at risk of health disorders in the early stages.
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Iancheva, Tatiana. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF BEHAVIOR AND COPING STRATEGIES OF ATHLETES IN CONDITIONS OF PANDEMIC COVID-19." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/70.
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ABSTRACT The pandemic COVID 19 and the related restrictions regarding sports activities, social isolation, unclear prospects, and fear of being infected led to an abrupt change in athletes’ rhythm of life and the need to adapt. The aim of this study was to investigate Psychological Capital and Perfectionism as an essential personal resource, their influence on the domineering psychic states, and athletes’ preferred coping strategies during the pandemic COVID-19, and to outline their specificity depending on gender, kind of sport, and level of qualification. The research was done among 119 athletes aged between 18 and 35 years, divided into groups according to their gender (54 men and 65 women), kind of sport, and level of qualification. The research methods included: 1) Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans, Youssef, Avolio, 2007); 2)Multidi-h mensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS, Frost, Marten, Lahart, Rosenblate, 1990), adapted for Bulgarian conditions by T. Iancheva, 2009; 3) Profile of Mood States (McNair, Lorr, Droppleman, 1971); 4) Approach to Coping in Sport Questionnaire (ACSQ-1; Kim 1999; Kim, Duda, 1997). There are significant differences depending on gender and the kind of sport. The specific role of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and psychological capital was viewed in relation to the dominant psychic conditions during social isolation and the preferred coping strategies.
Reports on the topic "Women – France – Social conditions"
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Oosterhoff, Pauline, Karen Snyder, and Neelam Sharma. Nepali Women at Risk from Misguided Anti-Trafficking Strategies. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.073.
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There are burgeoning hospitality, entertainment, and wellness industries in Nepal. The label ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’, used in anti-trafficking efforts, has resulted in stigmatisation of the owners and, mainly female, workers of some businesses in these industries. Labour intermediaries, who help businesses get employees and workers find jobs, are a critical and often misrepresented part of these informal industries. Women are stuck with few options for safe employment in Nepal or foreign labour migration. Supporting the easy registration and monitoring of these businesses and social protection will improve Nepal’s economy and enhance working conditions.
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Bhan, Gautam, Divya Ravindranath, Antara Rai Chowdhury, Rashee Mehra, Divij Sinha, and Amruth Kiran. Employer Practices and Perceptions on Paid Domestic Work: Recruitment, Employment Relationships, and Social Protection. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/epppdwrersp11.2022.
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The key question of this study is to ask: What are the beliefs, motivations, and perceptions of employers toward recruitment, employment conditions, and social protection for domestic workers?We draw from personal interviews with 403 households in two large metropolitan Indian cities– Bengaluru and Chennai – with variations across socio-economic status, caste, neighbourhood type and across households with and without women working for wages. This Executive Summary outlines key findings and implications.
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Xourafi, Lydia, Polyxeni Sardi, and Anastasia Kostaki. Exploring psychological vulnerability and responses to the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.5.
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This study explores the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population in Greece during the general lockdown period. Specifically, depression, anxiety and stress scores, as well as the factors associated with vulnerability to developing mental health conditions during this period, were investigated. A total of 911 adults participated in an online survey by completing a self-reporting questionnaire that included demographic questions, DASS-42 items (anxiety, stress and depression scales) and other questions related to personal experience. Regression modelling uncovered a significant relationship between gender and DASS scores, with women having significantly higher scores than men for all mental health problems. Participants aged 20–39 years were especially vulnerable to experiencing poor mental health. Unemployed participants reported having worse mental health than others. Having more perceived psychosocial support during the pandemic was associated with lower overall scores. Thus, women, young adults and the unemployed exhibited particularly high levels of vulnerability, while individuals who received social support from relatives and friends during the lockdown were more resilient to the effects of social isolation.
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O’Reilly, Jacqueline, and Rachel Verdin. Measuring the size, characteristics and consequences of digital work. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/whfq8202.
Full textAbstract:
This working paper provides a summary assessment of the existing literature and data on digital forms of employment internationally. It illustrates the variability in how it is defined, how it is growing and what kind of risks are associated with these developments. Evaluation of these types of jobs is divided. On one hand, optimists point to the attractions and relative ease in finding employment on digital platforms; on the other hand, more critical perspectives argue that these employment contracts can result in exclusion from social protection systems. The evidence indicates that while overall a relatively small proportion of all employment digital work is growing, both on platforms as well as adoption amongst more traditional companies. The characteristics of digital workers can vary by region and occupation. Overall, they tend to be predominantly younger and more likely male, with a growing number of women albeit in particular occupations. Skills and earnings levels vary but the key issues of disputes is around pay, conditions and employment status. The consequences of this form of work for those with lower skilled digital employment can undermine their social citizenship: they lack comparable employment rights, or when unemployed entitlement to adequate social protection. The potential polarisation effects of digital exclusion and deficits will severely hamper the wider benefits of transparency offered by these technologies. During the pandemic these trends have become more apparent. The imbalance of bargaining power and regulatory governance to bridge gaps in citizenship entitlements undermines the collective potential of policy makers and trade unions to address these challenges. Nevertheless, there is emerging evidence of innovative challenges and contestation of these gaps by both union organisations and national regulators attempts to adapt social protection