Academic literature on the topic 'Women – finland – social conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Women – finland – social conditions"
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Degni, Filio, Minja Vaherkylä, and Saija Hurme. "Health Behavior and Self-Assessed Health Among Some Long-Term Unemployed Living in Turku, Finland." Open Public Health Journal 10, no. 1 (November 17, 2017): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501710010232.
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Background:A number of previous studies have concluded that long-term unemployment is destructive to health.Objective:This study examined health behavior and self-assessed health of some long-term unemployed persons living in the city of Turku, in Southwestern Finland.Methodology:The qualitative data were collected from February to March 2016 from 40 long-term unemployed men and women, aged between 31 to 63 years.Results:Of the participants 85% (n=34) reported that their long-term unemployment situation had had a negative impact on their health. There were 95% (n=36) who needed medical care because of their health condition. There were 59% (n=24) who were not satisfied with the healthcare and social services compared to 49% (n=16) who were satisfied with the services.Conclusion:There were more single men than single women among the participants. Half of the participants had a profession of which the women constituted the majority. Several participants were suffering from a chronic disease. The participants were not satisfied of their lives and attributed their health behavior and poor health conditions to their long-term unemployment situation. They were not satisfied also with the healthcare and social services provided to them.
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Laitala, Venla S., Jacob Hjelmborg, Markku Koskenvuo, Ismo Räihä, Juha O. Rinne, Kaare Christensen, Jaakko Kaprio, and Karri Silventoinen. "Shorter Adult Stature Increases the Impact of Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment: A Comparison of Two Nordic Twin Cohorts." Twin Research and Human Genetics 14, no. 6 (December 2011): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.14.6.544.
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We analyzed the association between mean height and old age cognition in two Nordic twin cohorts with different childhood living conditions. The cognitive performance of 4720 twin individuals from Denmark (mean age 81.6 years, SD = 4.59) and Finland (mean age 74.4 years, SD = 5.26) was measured using validated cognitive screens. Taller height was associated with better cognitive performance in Finland (β-estimates 0.18 SD/10cm, p value < .001, for men and 0.13 SD, p = .008, for women), but this association was not significant in Denmark (β-estimates 0.0093 SD, p value = .16, for men and 0.0075 SD, p value = .016, for women) when adjusted for age and education/social class. Among Finnish participants higher variability of cognitive performance within shorter height quintiles was observed. Analysis using gene-environment interaction models showed that environmental factors exerted a greater impact on cognitive performance in shorter participants, whereas in taller participants' it was explained mainly by genetic factors. Our results suggest that shorter participants with childhood adversity are more vulnerable to environmental risk factors for cognitive impairment.
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Sobot, Ankica. "Understanding the gender dimension of low fertility: Employment and childbearing in Europe." Stanovnistvo 59, no. 2 (2021): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv200831005s.
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In this text, the gender dimension of low fertility is considered on the basis of the relevant literature and statistical data regarding the impact of employment on reproductive behaviour in postmodern societies. A review of fertility rates and employment rates of women with young children from 2010 onwards leads to several interesting observations. For example, during the period of study, the birth rate in Hungary increased, while it decreased in Finland by 0.4 children per woman. The most stable and relatively high fertility rates are observed in France and Sweden. At the same time, the employment rate of women with children aged three to five grew in Hungary, but the employment rate of those with children under the age of three was extremely low. In countries with higher fertility, the lowest employment rates for women with children under the age of three are in Finland and France, but they are about four times higher than the rate in Hungary. During the observed period, the employment of mothers remained stable at a relatively high level in Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands, without differences in female employment according to the age of their children. The fertility rates in these countries are relatively high. The results of empirical research in European countries suggest that the gender dimension of low fertility cannot be understood outside the specific social context, nor without considering the conditions at the micro level. Central to this consideration is the link between low fertility and women?s employment, as raising children is still gender-specific to an extent. However, men can participate in parenthood not only in terms of their reproductive behaviour, but also their right to participate in raising children. In addition, this text identifies negative perceptions of employment that refer to the modalities of worklife balance and the uncertainty regarding female and male employment. Both aspects produce certain effects on the socioeconomic position of the family, which can influence decisions relating to parenthood and the number of children the parents would like to have. In terms of taking action on low birth rates, it could be concluded that endangering families? economic status and reproducing patriarchal gender regimes are not favourable outcomes. This article provides a framework for more concrete research into these issues in Serbian society.
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Lumme, Sonja, Kristiina Manderbacka, Martti Arffman, Sakari Karvonen, and Ilmo Keskimaki. "Cumulative social disadvantage and hospitalisations due to ambulatory care-sensitive conditions in Finland in 2011─2013: a register study." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e038338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038338.
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ObjectivesTo study the interplay between several indicators of social disadvantage and hospitalisations due to ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) in 2011─2013. To evaluate whether the accumulation of preceding social disadvantage in one point of time or prolongation of social disadvantage had an effect on hospitalisations due to ACSCs. Four common indicators of disadvantage are examined: living alone, low level of education, poverty and unemployment.DesignA population-based register study.SettingNationwide individual-level register data on hospitalisations due to ACSCs for the years 2011–2013 and preceding data on social and socioeconomic factors for the years 2006─2010.ParticipantsFinnish residents aged 45 or older on 1 January 2011.Outcome measureHospitalisations due to ACSCs in 2011–2013. The effect of accumulation of preceding disadvantage in one point of time and its prolongation on ACSCs was studied using modified Poisson regression.ResultsPeople with preceding cumulative social disadvantage were more likely to be hospitalised due to ACSCs. The most hazardous combination was simultaneously living alone, low level of education and poverty among the middle-aged individuals (aged 45–64 years) and the elderly (over 64 years). Risk ratio (RR) of being hospitalised due to ACSC was 3.16 (95% CI 3.03–3.29) among middle-aged men and 3.54 (3.36–3.73) among middle-aged women compared with individuals without any of these risk factors when controlling for age and residential area. For the elderly, the RR was 1.61 (1.57–1.66) among men and 1.69 (1.64–1.74) among women.ConclusionsTo improve social equity in healthcare, it is important to recognise not only patients with cumulative disadvantage but also—as this study shows—patients with particular combinations of disadvantage who may be more susceptible. The identification of these vulnerable patient groups is also necessary to reduce the use of more expensive treatment in specialised healthcare.
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Kekäläinen, Tiia, Enni-Maria Hietavala, Matti Hakamäki, Sarianna Sipilä, Eija K. Laakkonen, and Katja Kokko. "Personality Traits and Changes in Health Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis from Pre-pandemic to Onset and End of the Initial Emergency Conditions in Finland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 7732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157732.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures targeting the transmission of the virus impacted everyday life in 2020. This study investigated pre- to in-pandemic changes in health behaviors and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of personality traits in these changes in Finland. Data from a larger population-based cohort study of 51–59-year-old Finnish women were used (n = 358). Self-reported questionnaires gathered information about depressive symptoms, eating behavior, physical activity, and alcohol consumption before the pandemic time, at the onset, and at the end of the COVID-19 emergency conditions. Information about personality traits (extraversion and neuroticism) and sociodemographic factors was available from the pre-pandemic baseline. Women reported more depressive symptoms and unhealthier eating habits at the end of the emergency conditions compared to the pre-pandemic time. An increase in depressive symptoms was associated with changing to unhealthier eating habits. Higher extraversion was associated with a perceived decrease in alcohol consumption and with changing to healthier eating habits. Women with higher neuroticism reported changing to either healthier or unhealthier eating habits. In general, some women reported healthier lifestyle changes while other women reported the opposite. Personality traits help to understand these individual differences in adaptation to the pandemic situation.
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Enroth, Linda, Pauliina Halonen, Kristina Tiainen, Jani Raitanen, and Marja Jylhä. "Cohort profile: The Vitality 90+ Study—a cohort study on health and living conditions of the oldest old in Tampere, Finland." BMJ Open 13, no. 2 (February 2023): e068509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068509.
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PurposeVitality 90+ is an ongoing population-based study with repeated cross-sectional data collections. The study was designed to examine trends in health, functioning, living conditions, quality of life and care needs among the oldest old in Finland.ParticipantsNine mailed surveys have been conducted in the city of Tampere between 1995 and 2018. The first three surveys in 1995, 1996 and 1998 included all community-dwelling individuals aged 90 years or older; and the following six surveys in 2001, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2014 and 2018 covered all individuals in Tampere regardless of their living arrangements. In total, the surveys have included 5935 participants (8840 observations). Around 80% of the participants have been women. The participants’ age range has been between 90 and 107 years.Findings to dateThe surveys have consistently asked the same questions over time, covering basic sociodemographic factors, morbidity, functioning, self-rated health (SRH), living arrangements, social relations, quality of life, care needs and providers of care. Survey data have been linked with national register data on health and social service use, mortality and medication. The main findings regarding the time trends show an increase in the proportion of people independent in activities of daily living and mobility. Along with improved functioning, the number of chronic conditions has increased, and SRH has shown a tendency to decline. In addition, we have found increasing occupational class inequalities in functioning and SRH over time.Future plansThe next round of data collection will be completed by the end of 2022. The Vitality 90+ Study welcomes research collaborations that fall within the general aims of the project. The research data 1995–2014 are archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive and the data for years 2018 and 2022 will be archived in 2023.
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Allardt, Erik. "Perspektiv och perspektivförskjutningar inom nordisk." Dansk Sociologi 11, no. 4 (August 23, 2006): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v11i4.632.
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Paradigms and vicissitudes in the perspectives of 20th century Nordic sociology
Both as regards its own development and its cultural impact 20th century was an era of sociology. There was, however, in the central focuses considerable vicissitudes, clearly observable in the sociology of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The de-velopmental patterns can be divided into three periods: (1) an emphasis on evolution and evolutionary explanations of social behavior up to the First World War, (2) a during most of the century prevailing dominance of a sociology emphasizing socialization and societies as wholes with their social structure, normative rules and social func-tions, and (3) at the end of the century an emerging rise of a new view of social life with an accentuation of uncer-tainty, agency, and semiotic interpretation. The institu-tionalization of Nordic academic sociology occurred in the 1940’s, 1950’s and 1960’s.
Towards the end of this period reorientations and protests against the prevailing sociology began to emerge. The dominant research interests today may be summed up in the following four orientations:cultural sociology with an emphasis on semiotic constructions of reality, feminist studies with a special interest in gendered experiences of women, studies of the conditions of the Nordic welfare state, and historically oriented macro social science with a focus on large-scale both European and global trans-formations.
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Del Hoyo, I., L. Crespo, C. García-Moro, M. Hernández, and M. Esparza. "FERTILITY PATTERN AND FITNESS OF THE SPANISH-MEXICAN COLONISTS OF CALIFORNIA (1742–1876)." Journal of Biosocial Science 48, no. 2 (June 9, 2015): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932015000140.
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SummaryThe analysis of fertility in colonizing populations is of great interest, since its individuals experience a major environmental change, and fertility rates can reflect the level of adaptation of the population to its new conditions. Using Northrop’s genealogical compilations, this paper examines the fertility pattern of California’s early Spanish-Mexican colonists between 1742 and 1876, their fitness levels and their trend across time throughout the colonizing period. A total of 197 women from 599 compiled families who had completed their reproductive period and had at least one child were analysed. The correlations among variables were also analysed in order to infer the relationship between longevity and fertility, and the influence of fertility determinants. The results show a natural fertility pattern, with a very young age at marriage and birth of first child (17.2 and 19.1 years respectively), and also a young age at last childbirth (38.8 years). The population’s fitness showed greater values than for contemporary European populations, with 8 of 9.2 children surviving to adulthood, in comparison with 55% of newborns in Finland for the same period, suggesting a good adaptation of the population to their new environmental conditions. No relationship between fertility and lifespan was observed, as has been reported by other authors and in opposition to classical theories. A temporal trend in the number of children, consisting of three different phases, was observed, in accordance with the stability of living conditions in the region.
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Simpura, Jussi, and Thomas Karlsson. "Trends in drinking patterns among adult population in 15 European countries, 1950 to 2000: a review." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 18, no. 1_suppl (February 2001): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250101801s08.
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Jussi Simpura & Thomas Karlsson: Trends in drinking patterns among adult population in 15 European countries, 1950 to 2000: a review Under the auspices of the European Comparative Alcohol Study (ECAS), data was compiled on trends in drinking patterns from 15 European countries (EU member countries, Luxembourg excluded, and Norway) from 1950 to 2000. This review is based on existing survey data on adult population. It turned out that (a) only a few countries (Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden) have data on drinking patterns in the 1950s and 1960s, but (b) an increasing number of countries have drinking habit surveys from the 1970s and 1980s onwards (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom) and (c) in the 1990s, almost all EU member countries have conducted surveys with data on drinking patterns (France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal, while Belgium remains the only country with very little data available). The data is, however, too scarce to say anything very certain about trends and the possible homogenisation of drinking patterns. Six indicators were studied in more detail. Abstinence rates fell in the 1960s in the traditionally abstinent Northern European countries, and later among women in the Mediterranean countries. Women's share of drinking also increased in the Northern European countries in the 1970s, but not necessarily elsewhere. With decreasing alcohol consumption in the Mediterranean countries, this means that per capita alcohol consumption among women may well have decreased, too. With a few exceptions, 30 to 50-year-olds were the age group with the highest alcohol consumption. The age distribution showed no general trends. Data on the shape of the population distribution of alcohol consumption was scarce, except for a few countries where the shape did not suggest any systematic changes. Also, data on binge drinking (high intake per single occasion) was mostly scarce, and again, the findings from the few countries with sufficient data showed remarkable stability. Remarkably slow changes were also evident in specific drinking contexts. There may be some signs of slow homogenisation of drinking patterns between the 15 European countries, but the differences are still notable. The main conclusion is that changes in drinking patterns are slow, even amidst rapidly changing living conditions. The natural time scale for such changes is not a few years or even a decade, but a generation.
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Rashidpouraie, Roya, Mohammad Nader Sharifi, and Mina Rashidpouraei. "Abortion Laws and Regulations in Iran and European Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences 23, no. 5 (December 1, 2020): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jams.23.cov.6394.1.
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Background and Aim: Abortion has always posed challenges in the areas of ethics, law, religion, philosophy, and reproductive health. Some countries have had different approaches to abortion at different times. Today, abortion is a major challenge in Iran. Social developments and increasing level of health literacy, awareness and participation of women in social and economic fields have led to incompatibility of theoretical and practical aspects in these areas. Women sometimes have abortions without attention to the national law. In Iran, the reasons for legal abortion are the life-threatening conditions of the mother and the fetus. During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some countries have revised their abortion laws and regulations. In some countries, such as France and Finland, these revisions are permanent; in countries such Portugal and Norway, the changes are temporary; and in other countries such as Germany and Belgium, it is unclear whether the changes are permanent or temporary. In this study, we aim to review the abortion laws and regulations in Europe and Iran. Then, by discussing the new guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluate the effects and consequences of this pandemic on abortion. Methods & Materials: The search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as national databases such as SID, MagIran, and IranMedex on studies published from 2002 to 2020 using the following keywords:Abortion, illegal abortion, induced abortion, and COVID-19. Due to the onset of SARS-COV1 epidemic in 2002, all articles published between these two outbreaks were searched. Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles were observed in this article. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, some European countries revised the abortion laws and regulations, mostly due to realize the reproductive health right. It seems that, this revision has not yet been taken place in Iran. Conclusion: With the emergence of COVID-19, some countries had revised their abortion laws and regulations to reduce unsafe abortions. It seems that during the Covid19 pandemic, due to changes in lifestyle such as social distancing and economic and social lockdowns, it needs to revise medical laws and regulations in health-oriented and time-dependent areas (such as abortion) so that the principles of medical ethics such as beneficence and maleficent, can be applied. Having COVID-19 and consequently abortion during the pandemic is one of the most challenging issues that should be addressed in terms of ethical, jurisprudential and legal aspects. Development of regulations based on ethical principles during the COVID-19 pandemic is necessary to prevent illegal and unsafe abortions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women – finland – social conditions"
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VIRKOLA, Tuomo. "Essays in applied economics." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/69755.
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Defence date: 29 January 2021Examining Board: Professor Andrea Ichino (European University Insitute); Professor Matteo Cervellati (University of Bologna); Professor Dominik Sachs (University of Munich); Professor Roope Uusitalo (University of Helsinki)
This thesis consists of three articles in applied economics. In the first essay, I consider the extent to which informational frictions between workers and jobs can be alleviated with short-term contracts in the early career. I leverage a program at a Finnish university which gave out randomly selected students an internship subsidy for a three-month paid internship. I match these students to administrative data to track their transition to labor markets in the years around the program and find evidence that the program significantly improved early labor market success. In the second essay, I study the effect of social sorting on family formation and inequality across households. I leverage the institutional features of Finnish high-school assignments to evaluate how exposure to high- skilled, high-socioeconomic -status peers affect the quality of social ties individuals form. I find that while high schools are an important meeting place for future spouses, but that exposure to higher quality peers will not affect the eventual partner characteristics. This suggests that policies aiming to mix individuals from various backgrounds may not always work anticipated. In the third essay, I study with two co-authors the causes and consequences of broadly defined inequality and democratization using Finland as a natural experiment. We find evidence that the 19th famine affected inequality and labour coercion and thus the balance of political power. On the other hand, we find that these developments were critical in explaining both the increasing threat of revolution and participation in the Finnish civil war in the early 20th century and a subsequent shift to democratization. Areas that initially experienced higher growth in inequality, also experienced the most significant shift to redistribution in the aftermath of the war.
-- Part 1. Abstract -- Part 2. Internships and the Allocation of Talent -- Part 3. Social Sorting, Family Formation and Inequality -- Part 4. The Violent Origins of Finnish Equality
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Hoover, Douglas Pearson. "Women in nineteenth-century Pullman." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276796.
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Built in 1880, George Pullman's railroad car manufacturing town was intended to be a model of industrial order. This Gilded Age capitalist's ideal image of working class women is reflected in the publicly prescribed place for women in the community and the company's provisions for female employment in the shops. Pullman wanted women to establish the town's domestic tranquility by cultivating a middle class environment, which he believed was a key to keeping the working class content. Throughout the course of the idealized communitarian experiment, however, Pullman's policies and prescriptions changed to meet the needs of working class families who depended on the wages of women. This paper will study the ideologies and realities surrounding women in nineteenth century Pullman.
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潘星薇 and Sing-mei Pun. "Controlling women: sexuality, imperialism andpower." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951727.
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Lambert, Heather. "An ethnographic exploration of the relationship between women and development in Ghana." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217377.
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This study was an attempt to identify the relationship between women and non-governmental organizations in Ghana. It was conducted over a period of one year in the capital city of Accra. Ethnographic and feminist methodology were the framework for the fieldwork and text. Interviews, observations and discussions with aid workers and development recipients determined the perimeters and rendered meaning. Women dominated both sides of development and aid work in Ghana; however, there was limited interaction between them. Female recipients of development were not consulted regarding development projects and were not familiar with the scope and implications of international aid. Female development personnel from both Ghana and the United States were separated from the communities and people they worked for personally and professionally. The development workers did not consider consultation with female clients a necessity or an obligation. Both groups of women struggled to incorporate the concepts and implications of development into their situated reality.Department of Anthropology
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Pang, Susan McPhail. "Industrialization and the changing status of women in society : a comparison of Japan and Thailand /." Thesis, [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12754547.
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Seger, Karen Elizabeth 1939. "WOMEN AND CHANGE IN THE YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC: A VIEW FROM THE LITERATURE (MIDDLE EAST, AGRICULTURE, EMIGRATION, WORKROLES, DEVELOPMENT)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291263.
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Burton, Erika del Pilar. "Women Rule, But Do They Make A Difference? Women in Politics, Social Policy and Social Conditions in Latin America." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1860.
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Since the transitions to democracy in Latin America, women in the region have undergone major changes in their roles in society. From traditionally only present in the home to participating in collective action efforts, and finally participating at increasing numbers in governments, women have made incredible strides in the Latin American region. Latin American countries have successfully advocated for the inclusion of women in government, but few studies in academia focus on determining whether their inclusion has made a difference in government processes or in society. Borrowing from the literature positing that women are behaviorally different from men as well as their identification with motherhood and as wives in their collective action efforts in Latin America, I argue that women have different concerns from men both outside and inside of the public sphere and therefore make a difference in government with regards to policy priorities and government budget allocations. Studying 18 Latin American countries, I find that there is a gender gap in public opinion, which demonstrates that women are more concerned with social welfare matters than men. I also find that female concerns are carried into their behavior once in government as observed by female legislators’ heightened support for social welfare policies. Furthermore, I find that women in legislatures affect government behavior differently from their male counterparts as observed with female legislators’ positive effects on the allocation of the budget towards social welfare areas.
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Yip, Pui-wah, and 葉佩華. "A study of True Light Middle School's pioneering work in women's education, 1872-1949." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951582.
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鄭秀儀 and Sau-yi Joan Cheng. "Women in China and Japan from the late 19th century to the 1930s." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574821.
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Lalonde, Gloria Marjorie Lucy. "National development and the changing status of women in India : a state by state analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66067.
Full textBooks on the topic "Women – finland – social conditions"
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Simonen, Leila. Contradictions of the welfare state, women and caring: Municipal homemaking in Finland. Tampere, Finland: University of Tampere, 1990.
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Kaisa, Kauppinen-Toropainen, Finland Sosiaali ja terveysministeriö, Työterveyslaitos, and OECD Panel Group on Women, Work and Health., eds. OECD Panel Group on Women, Work, and Health: National report, Finland. Helsinki: Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, 1993.
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Finland. The fifth periodic report of the government of Finland on the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. [New York: United Nations, 2003.
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Taipale, Ilkka. 100 social innovation from Finland. 3rd ed. [Helsinki]: Finnish Literature Society, 2013.
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R, Mead W. An experience of Finland. London: Hurst, 1993.
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Raimo, Blom, and Melin Harri, eds. Economic crisis, social change, and new social divisions in Finland. [Tampere: University of Tampere, 1998.
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Jäntti, Markus. Growth and equity in Finland. Helsinki: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2006.
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Ruokanen, Tapani. Finland: New realities, alternative futures. Helsinki]: Finnish National Fund for Research and Development, SITRA, 1996.
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Jouko, Nikula, and Melin Harri, eds. Fragmentary visions on social change--Poland, Latvia, and Finland. Tampere, Finland: Dept. of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Tampere, 1992.
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Järvinen, Katriina. Luokkaretkellä hyvinvointiyhteiskunnassa: Nykysukupolven kokemuksia tasa-arvosta. Helsinki: Kirjapaja, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Women – finland – social conditions"
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Jarty, Julie, and Karina Batthyány. "Recent Evolutions of Gender, State Feminism and Care Models in Latin America and Europe." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 361–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_12.
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AbstractThis chapter presents and characterises the way in which, in the twenty-first century, after years of feminist struggles inside and outside of institutions, gender relations are organised in the different countries of the INCASI project (on the European side, Spain, Italy, Finland, France and the United Kingdom, on the side of the South American Southern Cone, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay). It pays special attention to the implementation of feminist issues on political agendas, and in particular the assignment of women to unpaid care work—an aspect of the power continuum that we look to relate to other aspects. Gradually and for almost a century all countries in both continents have granted women the status of subjects, citizens and employees. However, the conditions, challenges and timelines of this process differ considerably from one continent to another, so they need to be addressed separately. The neoliberal era did not have the same impact in Europe as it did in South America (nor was it exactly the same between particular European countries or among South American ones).
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Carr-Hill, Roy A. "The status of women." In Social Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa, 156–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377172_13.
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Afsar, Md, and Suman Kumari. "Women Journalists in India’s Rural Areas: Social and Economic Conditions." In Techno-Societal 2020, 1107–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69925-3_105.
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Sek-Hong, Ng, and Victor Fung-Shuen Sit. "Women and Young Workers, Subcontract Labour and Homeworkers, and “Social Wages”." In Labour Relations and Labour Conditions in Hong Kong, 157–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10822-0_7.
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Martínez García, José Saturnino, Eriikka Oinonen, Rafael Merino, and Graziela Perosa. "Education and Inequality in Finland, Spain and Brazil." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 105–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_4.
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AbstractFinland, Spain and Brazil are three very internally complex and heterogeneous realities, with contradictions and permanent reforms to their education systems. In a first quantitative approach each country can be placed in a continuum of the education system that goes from most successful in terms of reaching a high level of education all across the population, in conditions of equity and facilitating youths’ incorporation into the labour market, to least successful, with Finland and Brazil occupying either end of the spectrum respectively and Spain occupying an intermediate situation. Although there are differences, they share certain tensions in their respective education systems. On the one hand, about the conception of education, ranging from more utilitarian, human capital theories, to the more humanist and civic-minded perspective. On the other hand, the challenge of comprehensiveness between an academic and a vocational path. In addition, there is also the challenge of improving the education level of the population while also improving equality. The tensions differ from country to country, since their education traditions and cooperation and conflict strategies between the education agents, with varying levels of resources and different alliances with political actors vary, as does the social consensus.
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Choroszewicz, Marta. "Professionalism in Everyday Work: Women Lawyers’ Strategies to Exercise Control over Their Work in Finland, French Canada, and Poland." In Professionalism and Social Change, 167–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31278-6_8.
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Barozet, Emmanuelle, Marcelo Boado, and Ildefonso Marqués-Perales. "The Measurement of Social Stratification: Comparative Perspectives Between Europe and Latin America." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 171–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_6.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses compared social stratification in three Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile and Uruguay) and four European countries (Finland, France, Spain, Great Britain). We focus on both external and internal borders of social classes, as well as on the challenges posed by their analysis for sociology. We compare social classes using EGP6 in relation to a variety of social indicators, to examine how social classes vary among countries. We include debates on production models and welfare state policies to understand the specific configurations and compare the conditions of some of the INCASI countries regarding social stratification. Lastly, we apply a latent class analysis to validate the number of social classes and to recognise class boundaries.
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Jafree, Sara Rizvi, and Fareen Rahman. "Oral Narrations of Social Rejection Suffered by South Asian Women with Irreversible Health Conditions." In The Sociology of South Asian Women’s Health, 35–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50204-1_3.
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Ramos Lobato, Isabel, and Venla Bernelius. "Divided Cities—Divided Schools? School Segregation and the Role of Needs-Based Resource Allocation in Finland." In Finland’s Famous Education System, 227–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8241-5_14.
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AbstractFor a long time, Finland stood out in international pupil assessments with a rare combination of excellent overall performance and a high level of equality. However, recent PISA studies point to both deteriorating learning outcomes and increasing importance of pupils’ social background for their learning outcomes in Finland. In addition, strongly increasing socio-economic and ethnic residential segregation in many Finnish cities has had a marked effect on schools since residential patterns are a central factor in school segregation and over one third of Finnish school children live in larger cities. The growing differences between the student intakes of schools have led to strongly diverging learning outcomes and learning conditions between schools in Finland. Urban segregation has therefore become a key question for educational equality and Finnish educational policies. In this chapter, we scrutinise the ways in which school segregation is related to societal and spatial differentiation in the Finnish urban context and how this relationship is further reflected in the differentiation of the schools’ educational outcomes. Moreover, we analyse the existing needs-based resourcing responses and their effectiveness. Our empirical material is focused on the city of Helsinki, as it is currently the only city with a systematic needs-based resource allocation policy. Our chapter illustrates that the traditional egalitarian and universal “same level for all” approach of the education system in Finland seems increasingly unable to overcome the growing differences in a segregating Finnish society. To compensate for children’s unequal starting positions and the increasingly divergent learning and social conditions between schools, the Finnish education system needs stronger support mechanisms that systematically allocate resources towards the individual needs of schools.
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Markkola, Pirjo. "Correction to: Working-Class Women Living Religion in Finland at the Turn of the Twentieth Century." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Experience, C1—C2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92140-8_12.
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AbstractThe footnote number 10 in Pirjo Markkola’s chapter, page 222 in the book, 10 Katajala-Peltomaa & Toivo, “Introduction to Medieval and Early Modern,” 11-13; Koselleck, Futures Past, 267-76; Kivimäki, “Reittejä Kokemushistoriaan,” 17-19; Berger & Luckmann, The Social Construction, 54-56, 85-89 has been corrected to10 Katajala-Peltomaa & Toivo, “Introduction to Medieval and Early Modern,” 11-13; Koselleck, Futures Past, 267-76; Kivimäki, “Reittejä Kokemushistoriaan,” 17-19; Berger & Luckmann, The Social Construction, 54-56, 85-89; Within HEX, ’scene of experience’ as a theoretical concept has been developed by Minna Harjula and Heikki Kokko.
Conference papers on the topic "Women – finland – social conditions"
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Pulkkinen, Johanna, and Maria Lindholm. "OSH risks of health and social care workers working in clients' homes in Finland." In 5th International Conference on Human Systems Engineering and Design: Future Trends and Applications (IHSED 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004140.
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In Finland, the number and frequency of accidents at work in the health and social services industry have increased between 2010 and 2020. The need for services provided at home has increased and will increase in the future. Results of a previous survey study conducted for occupational safety and health (OSH) specialists showed that the safety protections of home care workers were lower compared to those employed in hospitals and institutions. The client's home as a working environment is challenging and the employer's opportunities to ensure the safety and health of working conditions are limited. Health and social care workers meet multiple OSH challenges while working in an individual's home. Health care workers in general are exposed to many dangers, examples of which include biological hazards such as needle puncture infections or other infectious diseases, chemical hazards including medicines and disinfectants used in cancer treatments, physical hazards such as ionizing radiation, ergonomic risks, for example, when dealing with a patient, and psychosocial risks such as violence and shift work.This article is about the OSH risks of health and social care workers while working at clients' homes in Finland. Three municipalities, two private companies and one non-profit organization participated in the study. The data for this paper was collected through online survey (n = 160) and interviews (n = 55). Altogether, the interviews included 89 participants. The participants were, for example, nurses, personal assistants, supervisors, head of home care, or from the safety organization. The focus is on questions related to what the participants and respondents saw as OSH risks and challenges in their work performed in the client's home. The process and methods will be described in detail in the article.The results of the preliminary data analysis indicate that work of the health and social care workers has many risks. According to survey, the main risks are related to, for example home as a working environment, physical ergonomics, mental, psychosocial and ethical burden, organizing and scheduling the working day, alarming aid, lack of peer support and cooperation with others. This paper contributes to prior research by providing new information about OSH risks of health and social care workers while working at clients' home. It is important to recognize the risks because it is the foundation of safety work. Only risks that are known can be managed.
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Xi, Xingxuan, Huixian Zhang, and Lei Meng. "Investigation on the Effects of Maternity Support Conditions on Reproductive Behavior of Women of Childbearing Age in Beijing." In 2017 International Conference on Management, Education and Social Science (ICMESS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmess-17.2017.102.
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Bazarnyk, Kateryna-Mykhailyna, and Marta Kozak. "Preventive social work as a component of the strategy for the prevention of human trafficking in the youth environment in the conditions of war." In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.112.
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Background: The issue of preventing and countering human trafficking is relevant all over the world, including in Ukraine. Solving and preventing this problem has become more acute due to the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine. With the beginning of this invasion, there was a great risk of falling into a situation of human trafficking. Many citizens, especially women with children and young people, left for Europe, some were forced to move within the borders of Ukraine, in the occupied territories people are forcibly deported to the territory of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The risks of falling into the sphere of human trafficking are quite large, people who were already a risk group fall into difficult life circumstances and become even more vulnerable to this problem. And young people in search of a better life in Europe neglect their safety and have risky behavior, which causes the need to spread social and preventive work with this group to prevent them from falling into situations of human trafficking. Purpose: to analyze the methods of social work with young people in order to increase the awareness of young people about the issue of human trafficking. Methods: the method of analyzing scientific documents, the method of comparing opinions, and the method of theoretical analysis of foreign works were used. Results: Preventive activities among young people in order to prevent them from falling into situations of human trafficking are quite important. It is necessary to develop this area and actively apply social work in this area. Methods of social work at the primary level of prevention among young people are diverse and can be successful. Conclusion: Informing young people for the purpose of preventing human trafficking has many forms that can be successful in this work. Primary social prevention among young people can be diverse, it is necessary to develop this area. Also, the use of social work in this area is appropriate. Social work specialists can conduct interactive trainings and seminars aimed at raising the level of awareness of young people about the problem of human trafficking and ways to protect against it. Such activities may include various elements such as group discussions, role-playing, video materials and others. Keywords: human trafficking, youth as a risk group of human trafficking, primary prevention, informing, raising awareness.
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Perehudova, Tatiana. "Social protection in case of unemployment: modern world practices." In International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization". National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iv.2023.17.16.
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The publication is dedicated to considering the features of social policy and mechanisms of social protection in the event of unemployment in the developed countries of the world, which have undergone changes as a result of the slowdown in economic growth and the strengthening of the influence of institutional factors. The consequences of the liberalization of reforms in the labour market are studied, with the identification of priorities for the institutionalization of national social policy, especially in the case of unemployment. In connection with the extractive nature of the national labour market in Ukraine, inclusive development with an emphasis on the formation of an inclusive employment policy and social protection of the population is of particular importance. This approach corresponds to modern world concepts of economic development and is relevant in connection with the further search for ways to restore the economy and the social sphere after military operations. The author's approach to overcoming the problems of unemployment and informal employment consists in expanding the coverage of the population by social protection with the development of stimulating the exit from the state of the beneficiary, which consists in reducing the barriers of social and labour inclusion of women, single parents, young people, persons with disabilities, transition from informal employment to formal, increased dependence between employment and access to social benefits.
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Molikevych, Roman S. "UKRAINIAN FORCED MIGRANTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: SITUATION AND LIVING CONDITIONS." In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s12.105.
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The article describes the living conditions, situation and spatial placement of Ukrainian forced migrants in the Czech Republic. As a result of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, almost 370,000 Ukrainians fleeing the war received temporary shelter in the Czech Republic. The research methodology is based on the results of a sociological survey, the purpose of which was to establish the living conditions of refugees in the Czech Republic and their attitudes towards further stay. It has been established that the majority of migrants are concentrated in the capital (Prague), Central Bohemia, Moravian-Silesian and South Moravian regions. Among the migrants, natives from the western regions of Ukraine and the temporarily occupied territories of the south and east predominate almost equally. The key aspects in choosing a place of accommodation were cities where one of the family members worked or the reason was the big cities. Although half of the forced migrants are children, and 4/5 of the adult population are women, almost 70,000 migrants have already started working in official jobs. Despite this level of adaptation, 80% of refugees are determined to return home. Of course, the language barrier was the main problem during adaptation among the immigrants, but the majority are satisfied with the living conditions and the attitude of the Czechs towards them. Ukrainian labour migrants performed a fairly significant economic function in the Czech Republic even before the war, so the mass influx of forced migrants significantly revived the labour market and, due to social benefits, affected the economic situation. The economic effect of refugees is always largely negative, but in a rather short period it is compensated by the rapid adaptation of Ukrainians and the filling of certain sections of the labour market.
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Panok, Vitalii, and Iryna Tkachuk. "Social-Psychological problems of pedagogues in conditions pandemic of COVID-19." In National Events on WMHD in Ukraine. N-DSA-N, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/nmhdup2021.4.
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Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic may have hit the education industry the hardest, but the socio-psychological effects of quarantine are still poorly understood. A group of scientists from the Ukrainian SMC of practical psychology and social work of the NAES of Ukraine has conducted a study of the socio-psychological problems that have arisen for teaching staff of general secondary education establishments in the context of the pandemic. Purpose. The research was carried out during the implementation of the scientific topic «Overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the activities of the psychological service of the educational system» on the order of the National Research Fund of Ukraine. Design\approach\methodology. The study was conducted by interviewing educators through Google forms. Most of the questions contained a 10-step scale. In processing the data, all respondents’ answers were grouped into 5 categories: "yes", "more likely to", "more likely not", "no", "don’t know/it’s hard to say". The survey was attended by 3,209 teaching staff from general secondary education institutions from all regions of Ukraine, 45% from urban areas, 55% from rural areas; among which 92% were women and 8% were men. Results. Among the results, researchers highlighted the difficulties and fears of educators caused by the pandemic. The fears and complexities of the profession were distributed as follows. 1. The fear of getting infected (infecting family members) is common to 78.2% of the surveyed. 40.9% of the interviewed felt this fear to the greatest extent. However, 9.3% found those fears irrelevant. 2. Problems associated with the use of ICT in educational activities (lack of competence) — 53.2%. Among those, 22.2% have major difficulties and 31% have minor difficulties. Only 15.7% consider themselves fully competent. 3. 73% of educators noted difficulties in involving children in distance learning. This was the main problem for 12.8% of respondents. 4. «It is difficult to adhere to all anti-epidemic requirements in an educational institution to protect students» — 69.5% stated that this is one of the most significant problems of professional activity. 5. Emotional exhaustion, loss of emotional balance, excessive fatigue. 58.7% said that the problem was significant, of which almost 18% said it was very significant. 6. 51.1% of respondents indicated that they were unable to communicate with students' parents regarding monitoring the quality of their students' knowledge. Of these, 8.7% rated it with the highest score. 7. Health related difficulties (consequential of COVID-19). 31.2% of educators consider this problem to be relevant, while 8.9% rated it as very relevant. 30.4% of those interviewed denied the existence of such a problem. Conclusions Taking into account the results of the study, the most relevant areas in the work of the psychologists in the educational system are the following: ● prevention among educators and students of the COVID-bullying; ● working with negative emotional states of participants in the educational process and increasing their stress tolerance; ● providing socio-educational assistance to children and families in difficult life situations, and forming positive life prospects. Keywords. COVID-19 pandemic; pedagogues; social-psychological problems; fear of getting infected; emotional exhaustion
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Cheianu-Andrei, Diana. "Intervenția echipelor multidisciplinare comunitare în asistența femeilor-victime ale violenței în familie." In International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization". National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cdr.v.2023.17.8.
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Domestic violence exists in various societies, including in the Republic of Moldova. This constitutes a serious form of violation of human rights. At the same time, domestic violence has a strong gender character, based on the social relations of inequality between women and men. From 2007 until now, the Republic of Moldova has continuously improved its mechanisms to prevent and combat domestic violence and adopted normative acts to ensure a systemic approach for preventing and combating this phenomenon, but also to guarantee an effective response of specialized institutions in given cases. In order to prevent and combat domestic violence, but also to provide assistance to victims, the local public authorities establish the multidisciplinary team at the community level. In this article, is analyzed the intervention of multidisciplinary teams in cases of domestic violence and assistance of women-victims of domestic violence, in 12 communities from Cahul and Ungheni districts. The data were collected through the sociological survey in 12 communities, focus group discussions with members of multidisciplinary teams and interviews with women victims of domestic violence in 2019 and 2023. 1 The research results highlight changes in identification procedures, registration, case management, assistance and referral of women-victims of violence, as well as in the work of multidisciplinary teams, including challenges and opportunities for improving the work of multidisciplinary teams.
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Robu, Mariana. "Legal strategies and policy recommendations for closing the gender pay gap in Moldova." In International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization". National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iv.2023.17.22.
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The gender pay gap is a significant issue in the country, with women earning significantly less than men for the same roles and qualifications. The purpose of this paper is to provide legal strategies and policy recommendations that can help close the gender pay gap in the Republic of Moldova. This paper will employ a qualitative research methodology, which involves the use of primary and secondary sources to gather data and information on the gender pay gap in the Republic of Moldova. The research will involve gathering data from official sources such as existing policy documents, media reports, and scholarly articles. This data will be used to analyze the current state of the gender pay gap and to formulate legal strategies and policy recommendations for closing it. According to a recent report by the World Economic Forum, Moldova ranks 59th out of 153 countries in terms of gender equality, with a significant gender pay gap still present in the country. Women in Moldova earn only 76% of their male counterparts’ salaries. This is indicative of the structural, economic and social inequalities present in Republic of Moldova which have resulted in the significant gender pay disparity. In order to close the gap, a number of initiatives need to be taken, including legislation that strengthens measures against gender discrimination, increased and improved access to education, greater representation of women in business and policy-making, and improved access to child care and flexible working arrangements for women.
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Khazova, S. A., and N. S. Shipova. "Emotional intelligence as a resource for codependent women." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.965.977.
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The relevance of the study of personal resources is related to the importance of knowledge about the factors that determine a person’s mental health despite living conditions. The research aim was to study the emotional intelligence as a coping resource of codependent women. Sample: 19 women aged 32 to 47 years who are in a close relationship with a chemically dependent person. All women are clients of groups that help relatives of dependent people in Kostroma. Methods: The Mayer — Salovey — Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test 1998 (MSCEIT v. 2.0), adaptation in Russian (Sergienko & Vetrova, 2010); Co-Dependency Assessment Inventory (Weinhold & Weinhold, 2008); Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Folkman & Lazarus, 1988, adaptation in Russian (Kryukova, 2010); Projective technique «Man in the rain» by E. V. Romanova, T. I. Sytko (1992). The results indicate a lower development of emotional intelligence, the ability to understand emotions and consciously manage them, and features of the emotional sphere were found: feelings of insecurity, emotional coldness, impulsiveness and infantile. 47 % of women cope with the situation of dependence of a loved one unconstructively and are prone to excessive self-control, search for social support, and strive to solve the problem in any way. This does not allow you to cope with the dependence of a loved one and with your own codependent state. Regression analysis shows a fairly positive impact on coping behavior of the ability to understand and analyze emotions, use them in solving problems, consciously manage them, and predict their emotional States in the future. On the one hand, distance from the situation is reduced, on the other hand, emotional intelligence creates conditions for confrontation with the dependent behavior of a loved one and for a positive reevaluation of the situation in the context of strengthening one’s own personality. These results allow us to speak about the resource role of emotional intelligence in the situation of codependent relationships.
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Jasim Muhammad Hamza, Rana. "The Yazidi Survivors Between the Tragedy of the Genocide and the Reality of the Camps." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/33.
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"The camps are a cumulative assembly that does not constitute a sense of belonging and does not constitute a coherent social body. Therefore, the camps were not prepared to meet the needs, and are not suitable for practicing work except in the most limited limits, almost creating a feeling for those who live in them that they are neglected, and that life in the camps reminds the survivors Every day, with what they have lost, they find themselves in a vicious circle. It is clear that the issue of Yazidi women has become a general humanitarian and social issue on the one hand, and a special issue related to women and the forms of kidnapping, rape and violence they have been subjected .to This study seeks to examine the situation of Yazidi girls and women after their return from kidnapping, and about the reality of the services provided to them by some international and local organizations. Based on the importance of documenting these services provided to women and girls in displacement camps, the study focuses on the service frameworks provided to them, as it is an important step in knowing the size of the gap in the protection services provided to them, and the study contributes to identifying the priorities that must be taken into account when developing plans future to achieve better conditions for Yazidi women survivors of violence. The study shows that women are suffering from multiple forms of violations committed against them, as women have suffered a lot from the effects of the control of (ISIS) gangs from kidnapping, rape and forced marriage, as well as forcing them to convert to the Islamic religion, Women still suffer from an unknown fate, as girls and women today have become widows or orphans in situations devoid of protection and support mechanisms. Most of the survivors, whether residing in the camps or residing outside the camps, lack health services, including psychological and social support. This study aims to identify the social and economic conditions that Yazidi women live in the camps, with the identification of the most important services provided to Yazidi women and their effectiveness in covering their needs. Given the 4 importance of this study, we will rely on the case study method, because it reveals to us closely the real and actual conditions of the .Yazidi women's conditions after their return inside the camps"
Reports on the topic "Women – finland – social conditions"
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Erkamo, Sanna, Karoliina Pilli-Sihvola, Atte Harjanne, and Heikki Tuomenvirta. Climate Security and Finland – A Review on Security Implications of Climate Change from the Finnish Perspective. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361362.
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This report describes the effects of climate change for Finland from the view of comprehensive security. The report examines both direct and indirect climate security risks as well as transition risks related to climate change mitigation. The report is based on previous research and expert interviews. Direct security risks refer to the immediate risks caused by the changing nature of natural hazards. These include the risks to critical infrastructure and energy systems, the logistics system, health and food security. Indirect security risks relate to the potential economic, political and geopolitical impacts of climate change. Climate change can affect global migration, increase conflict risk, and cause social tensions and inequality. Transition risks are related to economic and technological changes in energy transition, as well as political and geopolitical tensions and social problems caused by climate change mitigation policies. Reducing the use of fossil fuels can result in domestic and foreign policy tensions and economic pressure especially in locations dependent on fossil fuels. Political tension can also increase the risks associated with hybrid and information warfare. The security effects of climate change affect all sectors of society and the Finnish comprehensive security model should be utilized in preparing for them. In the short run, the most substantial arising climate change related security risks in Finland are likely to occur through indirect or transition risks. Finland, similar to other wealthy countries, has better technological, economic and institutional conditions to deal with the problems and risks posed by climate change than many other countries. However, this requires political will and focus on risk reduction and management.
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Oosterhoff, Pauline, Karen Snyder, and Neelam Sharma. Nepali Women at Risk from Misguided Anti-Trafficking Strategies. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.073.
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There are burgeoning hospitality, entertainment, and wellness industries in Nepal. The label ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’, used in anti-trafficking efforts, has resulted in stigmatisation of the owners and, mainly female, workers of some businesses in these industries. Labour intermediaries, who help businesses get employees and workers find jobs, are a critical and often misrepresented part of these informal industries. Women are stuck with few options for safe employment in Nepal or foreign labour migration. Supporting the easy registration and monitoring of these businesses and social protection will improve Nepal’s economy and enhance working conditions.
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Bhan, Gautam, Divya Ravindranath, Antara Rai Chowdhury, Rashee Mehra, Divij Sinha, and Amruth Kiran. Employer Practices and Perceptions on Paid Domestic Work: Recruitment, Employment Relationships, and Social Protection. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/epppdwrersp11.2022.
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The key question of this study is to ask: What are the beliefs, motivations, and perceptions of employers toward recruitment, employment conditions, and social protection for domestic workers?We draw from personal interviews with 403 households in two large metropolitan Indian cities– Bengaluru and Chennai – with variations across socio-economic status, caste, neighbourhood type and across households with and without women working for wages. This Executive Summary outlines key findings and implications.
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Roselló Soberón, Estela. Working paper PUEAA No. 18. Women in resistance: avatars of Afghan and Mexican women in their daily fights against contemporary violence. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.003r.2023.
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The next reflection has the purpose of analyzing the resilience strategies of Afghan women and girls throughout the 21st century to compare them with those other strategies that many Mexican women and girls from rural and urban communities have to use on a daily life to survive in the midst of different types of conditions of marginalization, discrimination and violence. The communication compares the representation and construction of negative female stereotypes originated in the most traditional visions of islam and catholicism to analyze the response that contemporary, resilient, and combative women have offered to fight against these cultural assumptions in search of greater freedoms, rights, and opportunities to live with dignity. This cultural comparison has the purpose of looking at women as active subjects, capable of responding and acting in situations of oppression, discrimination, and daily mistreatment in patriarchal societies where violence against women is one of the social, political, economic and cultures of most urgent attention.
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Vyas, Aditi, Priyanka Banerjee, Pranita Achyut, and Emilie Wilson. Fostering Gender Diversity and Inclusiveness in Street Vendor Associations in India. Institute of Development Studies, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2023.001.
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This project, led by the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), focuses on the effects of the socioeconomic crisis created by the Covid-19 pandemic on informal women workers in India, particularly street vendors in the context of shrinking state support and gaps in access to social security. The study emphasises the importance of understanding the specific opportunities and challenges faced by those engaged in informal work, especially women, so that policies are informed by and respond to their specific needs. It also provides valuable insights into how prevalent gender norms interact with gaps in state support to disproportionately impact the conditions of informal women workers when compared to male street vendors. ICRW successfully engaged with grassroots organisations to advise them on how their programmes can be more inclusive and responsive to the differentiated needs of women street vendors.
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Xourafi, Lydia, Polyxeni Sardi, and Anastasia Kostaki. Exploring psychological vulnerability and responses to the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.5.
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This study explores the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population in Greece during the general lockdown period. Specifically, depression, anxiety and stress scores, as well as the factors associated with vulnerability to developing mental health conditions during this period, were investigated. A total of 911 adults participated in an online survey by completing a self-reporting questionnaire that included demographic questions, DASS-42 items (anxiety, stress and depression scales) and other questions related to personal experience. Regression modelling uncovered a significant relationship between gender and DASS scores, with women having significantly higher scores than men for all mental health problems. Participants aged 20–39 years were especially vulnerable to experiencing poor mental health. Unemployed participants reported having worse mental health than others. Having more perceived psychosocial support during the pandemic was associated with lower overall scores. Thus, women, young adults and the unemployed exhibited particularly high levels of vulnerability, while individuals who received social support from relatives and friends during the lockdown were more resilient to the effects of social isolation.
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Bhan, Gautam, Divya Ravindranath, Rashee Mehra, Divij Sinha, Amruth Kiran, and Teja Malladi. Deficits in decent work : employer perspectives and practices on the quality of employment in domestic work in urban India. ILO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54394/alhg1042.
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This study report contributes towards understanding employers’ perspectives on existing working conditions and practices relating to recruitment, income security, employment security and social security available to domestic workers. To do so, this report draws upon data from 3,067 households in two large metropolitan Indian cities– Bengaluru and Chennai – with variations across socio-economic status, caste, religion, neighborhood type and across households with and without women working for wages. This report is the second of a three-part series, with the first report looking at the total number of paid and unpaid hours it takes to reproduce a household in urban India, and the third assessing employer motivations, beliefs and perspectives about domestic work and workers.
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Soruco, Ximena, Giorgina Piani, and Máximo Rossi. What Emigration Leaves Behind: The Situation of Emigrants and Their Families in Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011260.
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This study seeks to identify, measure and analyze possible discriminatory behaviors in southern Ecuador. There are three main findings. First, emigration is perceived as a social problem. Second, emigrant families are seen as economically "irrational" because they are not perceived to be investing remittances in productive and sustainable activities; emigrants are additionally portrayed as "irresponsible" because they leave their families in search of better living conditions. Third, emigrants' children are perceived as doing worse in school than their peers and as living outside the society at large. Observed discrimination follows a cultural pattern: persons closer to the dominant culture are proportionately more likely to discriminate against emigrants and their families, and women show more discriminatory attitudes than men.
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Lucas, Brian. How Women’s Empowerment Contributes to Climate Change and Natural Resource Management Outcomes. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.001.
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This Rapid Evidence Review highlights how women's empowerment influences climate change mitigation and sustainable natural resource management. Key findings include: Political representation - Increased female participation in governance correlates with stricter climate policies and lower CO2 emissions; Social empowerment - Enhanced political status for women supports positive environmental outcomes such as reduced deforestation and emissions; Gender equality - Strong correlations exist between gender equality and lower CO2 emissions, along with better environmental performance overall; Education and resilience - Women's education is crucial in reducing vulnerability to natural disasters; Social protection programs and corporate leadership - These promote resilience and sustainable practices, especially when linked with environmental conditions; Sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) and land tenure - Both are effective in fostering environmental resilience and sustainable management. Water resource management: Women's involvement leads to more effective and sustainable water projects. The review also notes some limited evidence and emerging challenges in linking women's empowerment with broader environmental outcomes in areas like education's role in climate change, community management of natural resources, and green employment. The review emphasises the importance of integrating women's perspectives in environmental policies to harness these positive outcomes effectively.
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O’Reilly, Jacqueline, and Rachel Verdin. Measuring the size, characteristics and consequences of digital work. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/whfq8202.
Full textAbstract:
This working paper provides a summary assessment of the existing literature and data on digital forms of employment internationally. It illustrates the variability in how it is defined, how it is growing and what kind of risks are associated with these developments. Evaluation of these types of jobs is divided. On one hand, optimists point to the attractions and relative ease in finding employment on digital platforms; on the other hand, more critical perspectives argue that these employment contracts can result in exclusion from social protection systems. The evidence indicates that while overall a relatively small proportion of all employment digital work is growing, both on platforms as well as adoption amongst more traditional companies. The characteristics of digital workers can vary by region and occupation. Overall, they tend to be predominantly younger and more likely male, with a growing number of women albeit in particular occupations. Skills and earnings levels vary but the key issues of disputes is around pay, conditions and employment status. The consequences of this form of work for those with lower skilled digital employment can undermine their social citizenship: they lack comparable employment rights, or when unemployed entitlement to adequate social protection. The potential polarisation effects of digital exclusion and deficits will severely hamper the wider benefits of transparency offered by these technologies. During the pandemic these trends have become more apparent. The imbalance of bargaining power and regulatory governance to bridge gaps in citizenship entitlements undermines the collective potential of policy makers and trade unions to address these challenges. Nevertheless, there is emerging evidence of innovative challenges and contestation of these gaps by both union organisations and national regulators attempts to adapt social protection