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1
Bernardi, F. "Does the Husband Matter?: Married Women and Employment in Italy." European Sociological Review 15, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018264.
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COOKE, LYNN PRINCE. "Gender Equity and Fertility in Italy and Spain." Journal of Social Policy 38, no. 1 (January 2009): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279408002584.
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AbstractGender equity and its effects on fertility vary across socio-political contexts, particularly when comparing less with more developed economies. But do subtle differences in equity within more similar contexts matter as well? Here we compare Italy and Spain, two countries with low fertility levels and institutional reliance on kinship and family, but with employment equity among women during the 1990s slightly greater in Italy than Spain. The European Community Household Panel is used to explore the effect of this difference in gender equity on the likelihood of married couples having a second birth during this time period. Women's hours of employment reduce the birth likelihood in both countries, but non-maternal sources of care offset this effect to different degrees. In Spain, private childcare significantly increases birth likelihood, whereas in Italy, father's greater childcare share increases the likelihood, particularly among employed women. These results suggest that increases in women's employment equity increase not only the degree of equity within the home, but also the beneficial effects of equity on fertility. These equity effects help to offset the negative relationship historically found between female employment and fertility.
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Andall, Jacqueline. "Cape Verdean Women on the Move: ‘Immigration Shopping’ in Italy and Europe." Modern Italy 4, no. 2 (November 1999): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532949908454832.
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SummaryThe central theme of this article is the notion that migrants ‘shop’ for opportunities of work, income and social advantages in different countries. Taking the case of Cape Verdean women migrants, the research is based on 25 in-depth interviews carried out with domestic workers in Rome and Rotterdam. I explore ways in which these women have negotiated mobility, employment and family and household responsibilities within the context of a largely independent female migration which is well established from Cape Verde. Italy has a nodal role in channelling mobility from Cape Verde to various destinations in the global Cape Verdean diaspora. But while opportunities for stable employment as domestic workers in Italy have been a constant factor encouraging Cape Verdean women to migrate to Italy, difficulties over pay, working conditions, welfare and family reunion have led to much onward movement to the Netherlands and elsewhere.
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Obadić, Alka, and Lorena Pehar. "Employment, Capital and Seasonality in Selected Mediterranean Countries." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 19, s1 (December 1, 2016): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2016-0012.
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Abstract The paper examines the influence of tourism industry on GDP, employment and capital investments in selected Mediterranean countries (Croatia, France, Greece, Italy and Spain). It points out important contribution which tourism has on economic activity and capital investment of selected economies and labour market. The analysis highlights the importance of tourism strength in generating employment. It synthesizes data on tourism employment and employment according to educational level. The results show that the quality of human capital is increasing but at the same time indicating gender discrimination in tourism labour market. Despite women being the majority of higher education degree holders in tourism, men hold upper-management and decision-making positions more often than women do. Lastly the paper indicates strong contribution of tourism sector in GDP and total employment in selected countries showing strong problem of seasonality.
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Laudano, Maria Carmen, Lamberto Zollo, Cristiano Ciappei, and Vincenzo Zampi. "Entrepreneurial universities and women entrepreneurship: a cross-cultural study." Management Decision 57, no. 9 (October 15, 2019): 2541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2018-0391.
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Purpose Through a cross-culture study, the purpose of this paper is to understand about how entrepreneurial universities can foster entrepreneurship in women by attending to psychological and environmental factors and personality traits that encourage women to form entrepreneurial intent. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the proposed conceptual model on a cross-cultural sample comprising 350 students from Italy, a developed country, and from Albania, an emerging country. Structural equation modeling is used to validate the proposed model and test the hypothesized relationships. Findings In both Italy and Albania, entrepreneurial universities significantly impact entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions in women. The major differences relate to psychological factors that predict self-employment attitudes and intentions. Specifically, risk-taking propensity and locus of control are important antecedents of attitudes in both samples; the need for independence is a significant predictor only in the Italian sample; need for achievement has significant influence only in the Albanian sample. Originality/value To better understand and interpret the phenomenon of female entrepreneurship, the authors use the theory of planned behavior to investigate entrepreneurial universities located in Italy, a developed country, and Albania, an emerging country.
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Nicolescu, Gabriela. "From Border Fetishism to Tactical Socialism." East Central Europe 45, no. 2-3 (November 29, 2018): 279–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04502005.
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This article discusses the meeting point of two political systems with their distinctive value imprints on individuals’ everyday lives. It focuses on two stories of care, aesthetics and labor of Romanian women before the fall of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe and in the first two decades after 1989. The first account comes from an expert, the head of the Union of National Cooperatives of Production (ucecom) during socialist Romania, the main producer of artizanat objects for export. She tells the story of the benefits of employment in state factories for women, and how socialist products were sold for Western markets in the 1970s and 1980s. The second account is of a former Romanian factory worker who after 1989 quit her job in Romania when state socialist factories were about to collapse and became a healthcare worker in Italy, for a larger salary and more stable employment. This second ethnographic example discusses migration for caregiver jobs in Italy as the transborder continuity of autonomy and employment practices that survived socialism. It is also a form of downward migration, where former state socialist professionals are paid as unskilled migrant workers. This article emphasizes the persistence of socialism in post-1989 practices and values embodied by people’s work habits not only in Eastern and Central Europe, but in unexpected places, such as southern Italy. This article applies the idea of “tactical socialism” as a strategy derived from a close analysis of work practices, with their positive accomplished effects, in contexts where jobs are distributed by the state and citizens feel protected.
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Gazzola, Michele, and Daniele Mazzacani. "Foreign language skills and employment status of European natives: evidence from Germany, Italy and Spain." Empirica 46, no. 4 (September 21, 2019): 713–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10663-019-09460-7.
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Abstract This article examines the relationship between foreign language skills and the employment status of natives in Germany, Italy and Spain. Using a probit model and data from Eurostat’s Adult Education Survey 2011, this article studies the conditional correlation between knowledge of English and French as foreign languages, and the probability of being employed, comparatively, for men and women. The results reveal that skills in English increase the probability of being employed for men in the three countries, respectively, by 3.4, 4.3 and 5.2%. Knowledge of English increases the probability of being employed for women in Germany and Italy—respectively, by 5.6 and 5.7%—but not in Spain. The results also show that very good skills are associated with a higher probability of being employed than sufficient or good skills. The conditional correlation between knowledge of English and employment status for men is larger in countries where skills in this language are less common among the population, and where the unemployment rate is higher. This is consistent with the fundamental economic concept of scarcity. Estimates for French are not statistically significant.
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Rubio, Sónia Parella. "Immigrant women in paid domestic service. The case of Spain and Italy." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 9, no. 3 (August 2003): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890300900310.
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In the familistic welfare state regimes of Italy and Spain, the resurgence in live-in domestic work and the demand for migrant domestic workers is stronger than in other European countries. Organising and regulating services in order to help with the burden of caring for one's family is not an important objective of social policy in southern European countries. It is taken for granted that the family (‘women') is the main provider of social protection. In the absence of policy decisions in this field, the increase in local women's labour market participation in recent decades has led to households recruiting non-EU immigrant women in order to help them balance the needs of their family with the demands of paid employment. These immigrants constitute an enormous supply of low-cost labour and there is a shortage of local female workers in paid domestic work.
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Morini, Cristina. "The Feminization of Labour in Cognitive Capitalism." Feminist Review 87, no. 1 (September 2007): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400367.
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The article starts with a definition of the concept feminization of labour. It aims to signal how, at both the Italian and the global level, precarity, together with certain qualitative characteristics historically present in female work, have become decisive factors for current productive processes, to the point of progressively transforming women into a strategic pool of labour. Since the early 1990s, Italy has seen a massive increase in the employment of women, within the wave of legislation that has introduced various flexible contracts – so-called atypical work. I show how cognitive capitalism tends to prioritize extracting value from relational and emotional elements, which are more likely to be part of women's experiential baggage. The results of a study conducted in November 2006 among freelance workers of the Rizzoli Corriere della sera group, the largest publishing group in Italy, will be used to show how women are able to move more easily on the shifting sands of precarity, within the context of cognitive work.
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Zannella, Marina, Antonella Guarneri, and Cinzia Castagnaro. "Leaving and Losing a Job After Childbearing in Italy: A Comparison Between 2005 and 2012." Review of European Studies 11, no. 4 (September 16, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n4p1.
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This article builds on microdata from the Birth Sample Survey (BSS) carried out by Istat in 2005 and 2012 in order to analyse changes in the occupational status of mothers of young children. We aim in particular to broaden the understanding of the individual and contextual characteristics that can affect the probability of women who were employed during pregnancy of not returning to work in the two years following the child’s birth. The study contributes to existing literature on mothers’ employment in two main ways. First, we take into consideration the different nature - voluntary or involuntary – of the motivations for not returning to work. Second, we attempt to evaluate whether the likelihood of Italian mothers to leave or lose their jobs and the factors affecting these probabilities changed between 2005 and 2012. Our results confirm human capital investments and job characteristics to be among the main determinants of women’s employment continuity after childbearing. The probability of losing a job increased significantly for mothers in 2012 compared to 2005, probably as a result of the deterioration of labour market conditions during the recession years. Conversely, the probability of leaving a job was not statistically significantly related to the year; family characteristics - the presence of a couple and features of the partner’s job - were key factors in women’s deciding not to return to work after childbearing.
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Galesi, Davide. "The pharmacologization of loneliness and insecurity." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (March 2013): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2012-su2009en.
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Research conducted in a province of Italy evidences that the consumption of psychotropic drugs mostly involves women, the elderly with chronic illnesses, and people who have experienced breakdown in a primary affective relation (separation, divorce, partner's death), as well as workers in precarious employment. As emerges from the debate on medicalization, psychotropic drugs are prescribed not only to treat specific psychopathologies but also to reduce the common emotions of loneliness and insecurity.
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Galesi, Davide. "La farmacologizzazione della solitudine e dell'insicurezza." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (October 2012): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2012-s02009.
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Research conducted in a province of Italy evidences that the consumption of psychotropic drugs mostly involves women, the elderly with chronic illnesses, and people who have experienced breakdown in a primary affective relation (separation, divorce, partner's death), as well as workers in precarious employment. As emerges from the debate on medicalization, psychotropic drugs are prescribed not only to treat specific psychopathologies but also to reduce the common emotions of loneliness and insecurity.
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Mrsevic, Zorica. "Gender equality and equal opportunity mechanisms in Italy." Temida 10, no. 3 (2007): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0703051m.
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As a country of Southern European mentality Italy may be taken as the nearest-to-the-Balkans model of the gender equality mechanisms and necessity of their existence. Italy also might be taken as a model of domain and methods of functioning of the gender equality mechanisms as well as their connections with the EU development funds. Besides the Italian Ministry for Rights and Equal opportunities and the National Committee, the attention was paid to the whole range of local mechanisms and legal regulations dealing with advancement of women?s employment and counteracting discrimination on the labor market. In the text are analyzed through the five chapters the Italian mechanisms/institutions for gender equality as located within the European institutional environment but also within the context of Italian recent history of struggle against gender based discrimination. It was stressed that the essence of the accumulated European institutional wisdom is in diversity of the gender equality bodies rather then in their uniformity. Although the Italian mechanisms for gender equality are part of the European institutional environment their aim is to meet the internal needs for advancement of gender equality. Besides, the mechanisms also meet the demands of the international standards comprised in the documents issued by the UN and the EU. In European countries these mechanisms are frequently established and function in the domains of the labor and employment regulations, but also are located within the human rights portfolios while somewhere are connected with the minority rights and equal opportunity implementation.
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Addabbo, Tindara, Rosa María García-Fernández, Carmen María Llorca-Rodríguez, and Anna Maccagnan. "Labor force heterogeneity and wage polarization: Italy and Spain." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 5 (October 8, 2018): 979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-03-2017-0071.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the change in the Italian and Spanish wage polarization degree in a time of economic crisis, taking into account the factors affecting labor force heterogeneity. Gender differences in the evolution of social fractures are considered by carrying out the analysis separately for males and females. Design/methodology/approach The approach by Palacios-Gonzánlez and García-Fernández (2012) on polarization is applied to the microdata provided by the EU Living Conditions Surveys (2007, 2010 and 2012). According to Palacios-Gonzánlez and García-Fernández’s approach, polarization is generated by two tendencies that contribute to the generation of social tension: the homogeneity or cohesion within group and the heterogeneity between groups. The following labor force characteristics are considered: gender, level of education, type of contract, occupational status and job status. Findings The results for Italy reveal a higher increase of polarization for women than for men from the perspective of the type of contract. In Spain, the wage polarization of women also increases more intensively compared to men from the perspectives of level of education, job status and occupational status, while in Italy the reduction of the wage polarization index by level of education can be related, above all, to an increase in overqualification of women. Originality/value While the empirical literature on polarization has made considerable investigation into employment and job polarization, this paper explores the rather less explored matter of wage polarization. Furthermore, particular attention is paid to the impact on polarization of the Great Recession.
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Castagnetti, Carolina, Luisa Rosti, and Marina Töpfer. "Overeducation and the gender pay gap in Italy." International Journal of Manpower 39, no. 5 (August 6, 2018): 710–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2016-0235.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the pivotal role of overeducation in explaining the unexplained part of the gender pay gap (GPG), i.e. the component usually attributed to gender discrimination in the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a large Italian data set (ISFOL PLUS 2005–2014) to estimate the GPG among properly educated and overeducated workers. The model simultaneously accounts for both participation bias and endogeneity bias by applying an extension of the Heckman’s two-stage procedure. Findings Estimates show that the GPG is significantly higher among overeducated than among properly educated workers because women’s unobservable characteristics driving female employment into overeducation also drag down female wages more than men’s unobservable characteristics drag down male wages. Correcting for the participation and overeducation decisions, the unexplained portion of the GPG disappears among overeducated workers, while it remains significant among properly educated individuals. Originality/value The authors draw the conclusion that overeducation is, first, a first-best matching for individuals (both men and women) compensating with more education for their lower productive characteristics. Second, it may be a signaling device for women spending their useless-for-the-job diploma to inform employers on their valuable though unobservable productive characteristics and fight gender wage discrimination. The results favor education as a tool of counteracting gender discrimination. Hence, as females are less overeducated than males despite their larger representation in higher education, there should not be concern that expanding higher education will disadvantage females.
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MAIDANIK, I. P. "The Influence of Employment Abroad on Childbearing Behaviour of Return Migrants." Demography and social economy, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2020.04.041.
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Th e purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of temporary employment abroad on the reproductive activity of return migrants in Ukraine. Th e novelty of the study lies in establishing the quantitative eff ect of international migration experience on the reproductive behavior of return migrants, determining the impact of the presence and number of siblings on respondents’ childbearing activity. Th e main methods used are comparison, grouping and indicators standardization. Th e baseline data and calculations presented in this publication are grounded on the results of a sample study carried out within the TEMPER project, which has surveyed 736 persons with an experience of employment in Italy or Poland and 509 respondents who have never worked outside of Ukraine. It is found that among return migrants one person has an average of 1.09 children, while among non-migrants the corresponding fi gure is 1.26. To avoid the impact of diff erences in gender and age structure between the two categories of respondents age-specifi c coeffi cients of the average number of children per person are calculated in the article and the procedure of their standardization is applied. Th e standardized average number of children per one woman of reproductive age from the group of return migrants is 1.10, which is only 0.01 less than the value of the actual indicator. For women of the same age who had never worked abroad, the fi gure is 1.41. If women of childbearing age with migration experience were to have on average the same number of children as women from non-migratory group have, the total number of child -ren of this category of persons would be 25 % higher than the actual one. Th e overall impact of the educational levels of both parents on the average number of children is revealed: returnees with higher education who have a partner with the same educational level have an average 1.21 children; in couples where one partner has higher education and the other secondary, the corresponding fi gure was 1.3; in cases where both spouses have diplomas of secondary level, the analyzed fi gure is 1.62 (for non-migrants, the coeffi cients were 1.28; 1.57 and 1.76 respectively).
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Symeonaki, Maria, and Celestine Filopoulou. "Quantifying gender distances in education, occupation and employment." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 36, no. 4 (May 15, 2017): 340–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2016-0106.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of gender in education, occupation and employment in Southern Europe and more specifically in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The goal is to provide measures that can trace gender differences with respect to their educational and employment features in these countries, explore whether these differences converge over time and compare the patterns observed in each country given their socio-economic similarities. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses raw data drawn from the European Social Survey (ESS) for the decade 2002-2012. It provides a method for quantifying gender differences in education, occupation and employment and their evolution over time based on distance measures. Findings The results reveal that gender distances in education have gradually subsided in these countries. However, occupational choices differ steadily over the years for all countries. The paper provides, therefore, solid evidence that equalizing the level of education between men and women during those years did not result in a decrease in the occupational distances between them. Moreover, based on the latest round the findings suggest that men and women are equally likely to having experienced unemployment within the last five years. Research limitations/implications Further research could be done to include results based on raw data from the seventh round of the ESS. This may provide valuable information for Spain and Portugal who did participate in this round. Social implications This research implies that more needs to be done to accelerate progress in order to achieve gender occupational equality in Southern Europe. Originality/value This paper draws attention to issues concerning gender differences in education, horizontal and vertical segregation and employment for which it provides distance measures and evidence of how they have evolved over time, based on raw data analysis from the ESS.
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Facchini, Carla. "Caring for non-self-sufficient older people in Italy: from a familistic system to the immigrant live-in careworker model." Ciências e Políticas Públicas / Public Sciences & Policies 6, no. 2 (December 2020): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33167/2184-0644.cpp2020.vvin2/pp.149-168.
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The aim of the article is to describe the specificities of the aging phenomenon in Italy and the social policies for non/self-sufficient elderly people, highlighting both the change from a model that relied heavily on a family system to a model based on co-resident immigrant workers to care for the elderly, and the contradictions of this new model. While in Italy the percentage of older people and very older is the highest in Europe, social policies for them involve a limited offer of home and residential services and widespread allowances. At the same time, in Italy, the rise of the aging population has been intertwined with the transformation of family structures, the increase of female employment, the lower capacity of families to take care of their non-self-sufficient relatives, and the improvement of older people’s economic conditions. Due to these changes, a new care model has been established in the past two decades, based on the employment of live-in caregivers, usually immigrant women, so-called ‘badanti’, who are hired and paid by the caretakers and their family. This model has led both caregivers and caretakers to experience a double dependency and a double solitude, which question its sustainability and the familistic nature of the system. This paper presents both demographic and economic data from institutional sources, and the regulatory framework on social policies, and, finally, the data that emerge from various research on immigration.
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Losurdo, Francesco, Ivano Dileo, and Tha`ıs Garcia Pereiro. "Characteristics and Perspectives of Highly Skilled Graduates in the Italian Labour Market." Olsztyn Economic Journal 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3238.
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The central aim of this paper is to examine the relationships and implications of the education-employment nexus for recent university graduates in Italy by analysing the main elements that influence college graduates' employment probabilities three years after graduation. In addition, it provides a comparison among Italian macro-areas regarding graduates' region of residence in 2010. In this sample, continuous work experience during undergraduate studies, further postgraduate studies, older graduation ages and being married or divorced are characteristics that increase the probability of being employed compared to being unemployed three years after graduation. We used micro-data from a nation-wide survey carried out by the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) in 2011 on a representative sample of 33,696 graduates belonging to the 2007 cohort. The results confirmed the existence of significant differences in graduates' employment among Italian macro-areas. Graduates who were employed in the South in 2010 have shown a strong marked profile that is unfavorable to women and is distinguished by the oldest ages of graduates at the time of graduation and in post-graduation pursuits.
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Costantino, Claudio, Walter Mazzucco, Nicole Bonaccorso, Livia Cimino, Arianna Conforto, Martina Sciortino, Gabriele Catalano, et al. "Educational Interventions on Pregnancy Vaccinations during Childbirth Classes Improves Vaccine Coverages among Pregnant Women in Palermo’s Province." Vaccines 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121455.
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Maternal immunization is considered the best intervention in order to prevent influenza infection of pregnant women and influenza and pertussis infection of newborns. Despite the existing recommendations, vaccination coverage rates in Italy remain very low. Starting from August 2018, maternal immunization against influenza and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis were strongly recommended by the Italian Ministry of Health. We conducted a cross sectional study to estimate the effectiveness of an educational intervention, conducted during childbirth classes in three general hospitals in the Palermo metropolitan area, Italy, on vaccination adherence during pregnancy. To this end, a questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and immunization practices was structured and self-administered to a sample of pregnant women attending childbirth classes. Then, an educational intervention on maternal immunization, followed by a counseling, was conducted by a Public Health medical doctor. After 30 days following the interventions, the adherence to the recommended vaccinations (influenza and pertussis) was evaluated. At the end of the study 326 women were enrolled and 201 responded to the follow-up survey. After the intervention, among the responding pregnant women 47.8% received influenza vaccination (+44.8%), 57.7% diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination (+50.7%) and 64.2% both the recommended vaccinations (+54.8%). A significant association was found between pregnant women that received at least one vaccination during pregnancy and higher educational level (graduation degree/master’s degree), employment status (employed part/full-time) and influenza vaccination adherence during past seasons (at least one during last five years). The implementation of vaccination educational interventions, including counseling by healthcare professionals (HCPs), on maternal immunization during childbirth courses improved considerably the vaccination adherence during pregnancy.
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Dragano, Nico, Claudio Barbaranelli, Marvin Reuter, Morten Wahrendorf, Brad Wright, Matteo Ronchetti, Giuliana Buresti, Cristina Di Tecco, and Sergio Iavicoli. "Young Workers’ Access to and Awareness of Occupational Safety and Health Services: Age-Differences and Possible Drivers in a Large Survey of Employees in Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071511.
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Young workers are in particular need of occupational safety and health (OSH) services, but it is unclear whether they have the necessary access to such services. We compared young with older workers in terms of the access to and awareness of OSH services, and examined if differences in employment conditions accounted for age-differences. We used survey data from Italy (INSuLA 1, 2014), with a sample of 8000 employed men and women aged 19 to 65 years, including 732 young workers aged under 30 years. Six questions measured access to services, and five questions assessed awareness of different OSH issues. Several employment conditions were included. Analyses revealed that young workers had less access and a lower awareness of OSH issues compared with older workers. For instance, odds ratios (OR) suggest that young workers had a 1.44 times higher likelihood [95%—confidence interval 1.21–1.70] of having no access to an occupational physician, and were more likely (2.22 [1.39–3.38]) to be unaware of legal OSH frameworks. Adjustment for selected employment conditions (company size, temporary contract) substantially reduced OR’s, indicating that these conditions contribute to differences between older and younger workers. We conclude that OSH management should pay particular attention to young workers in general and, to young workers in precarious employment, and working in small companies in particular.
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Maugeri, Andrea, Martina Barchitta, Roberta Magnano San Lio, Giuliana Favara, Claudia La Mastra, Maria Clara La Rosa, and Antonella Agodi. "The Relationship between Body Mass Index, Obesity, and LINE-1 Methylation: A Cross-Sectional Study on Women from Southern Italy." Disease Markers 2021 (December 3, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9910878.
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Uncovering the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and DNA methylation could be useful to understand molecular mechanisms underpinning the effects of obesity. Here, we presented a cross-sectional study, aiming to evaluate the association of BMI and obesity with long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) methylation, among 488 women from Catania, Italy. LINE-1 methylation was assessed in leukocyte DNA by pyrosequencing. We found a negative association between BMI and LINE-1 methylation level in both the unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models. Accordingly, obese women exhibited lower LINE-1 methylation level than their normal weight counterpart. This association was confirmed after adjusting for the effect of age, educational level, employment status, marital status, parity, menopause, and smoking status. Our findings were in line with previous evidence and encouraged further research to investigate the potential role of DNA methylation markers in the management of obesity.
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Bonito, Benedetta, Daniela Balzi, Sara Boccalini, Paolo Bonanni, Giovanna Mereu, Maria Grazia Santini, and Angela Bechini. "Descriptive Observational Study of Tdap Vaccination Adhesion in Pregnant Women in the Florentine Area (Tuscany, Italy) in 2019 and 2020." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090955.
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Background: Tdap (Tetanus-Diphtheria-acellular Pertussis) vaccination is nowadays a worldwide-recommended practice to immunize pregnant women. The vaccine administration at the third trimester of pregnancy (as recommended by the WHO) would ensure antibody protection to both the mother and the newborn and has contributed to the significant drop of pertussis cases in infants. The aim of this observational study was to describe for the first time the socio-demographic characteristics and determinants of Tdap vaccination adhesion of pregnant women in the Florentine area. Methods: Information about parents’ vaccination status, their citizenship, employment type and mothers’ previous pregnancies and/or abortions were collected at the time of birth through the assistance birth certificates (CedAP) both for the years 2019 and 2020. This archive and the regional SISPC (Collective Prevention Healthcare Information System) linked using an anonymous unique personal identifier to retrieve the mother’s vaccination status. Results: We found an overall Tdap vaccination adhesion of 43% in 2019 and 47.3% in 2020. Several socio-demographic parameters would determine an increased vaccination adhesion, including parents’ geographical origin, mothers’ age and educational background, as well as the number of previous deliveries, abortions or voluntary termination of pregnancy. Conclusions: Since not much data are available on this topic in Italy, this study may constitute the baseline information for Tdap vaccination adhesion in pregnant women in the Florentine area (Italy). Thus, future successful vaccination strategies may be designed accordingly.
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Sarkki, Simo, Cristina Dalla Torre, Jasmiini Fransala, Ivana Živojinović, Alice Ludvig, Elena Górriz-Mifsud, Mariana Melnykovych, et al. "Reconstructive Social Innovation Cycles in Women-Led Initiatives in Rural Areas." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031231.
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Social innovations can tackle various challenges related to gender equity in rural areas, especially when such innovations are initiated and developed by women themselves. We examine cases located in rural areas of Canada, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, and Serbia, where women are marginalized by gender roles, patriarchal values, male dominated economy and policy, and lack of opportunities for education and employment. Our objective is to analyze five case studies on how women-led social innovation processes can tackle gender equity related challenges manifested at the levels of everyday practice, institutions, and cognitive frames. The analyses are based on interviews, workshops, literature screening, and are examined via the qualitative abductive method. Results summarize challenges that rural women are facing, explore social innovation initiatives as promising solutions, and analyze their implications on gender equity in the five case studies. Based on our results we propose a new concept: reconstructive social innovation cycle. It refers to is defined as cyclical innovation processes that engage women via civil society initiatives. These initiatives reconstruct the existing state of affairs, by questioning marginalizing and discriminative practices, institutions, and cognitive frames that are often perceived as normal. The new concept helps with to assessing the implications that women-led social innovations have for gender equity.
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Dal Mas, Francesca, and Paola Paoloni. "A relational capital perspective on social sustainability; the case of female entrepreneurship in Italy." Measuring Business Excellence 24, no. 1 (November 17, 2019): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-08-2019-0086.
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Purpose Female entrepreneurship has been part of the political agenda internationally. Public entities should promote entrepreneurship in general, and female entrepreneurship in particular, with dedicated resources and programs. Female entrepreneurs are considered a key asset for developing economic growth. However, women experience much more difficulties than men in opening their own ventures. Relational capital is particularly relevant when it comes to female entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the opening of new ventures and the role of relational capital in female entrepreneurship, taking into consideration the Italian context during the financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a mixed-method approach analyzing data from a regional program to enhance the creation of new companies, trying to understand the issues of potential entrepreneurs in general and women in particular. A single case is then investigated using the characteristics – ambience – organization – sustainability model of micro-entrepreneurship and the network relationship model by Paoloni (2011). Findings The analysis highlights how women face much more difficulties in starting new ventures concerning their previous experience if their employment condition finds an extended period of inactivity. Additionally, potential female entrepreneurs are more sensitive to the complexity of the initiative, concerning the required investment and the number of employees, compared to male entrepreneurs. Relational capital is a crucial asset in fostering the success of the venture, especially in the start-up phase. Originality/value The purpose of the study is to contribute to the debate regarding the issues affecting the opening of new companies, as well as the link between relational capital and female enterprises. The paper offers some insights about a program covering a well-sized population during the financial crisis.
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Zanfrini, Laura, and Cristina Giuliani. "“Look at Me, but Better”: The Experience of Young NEET Migrant Women between Vulnerability and Stifled Ambitions." Social Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12020110.
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The experience and the condition of the vulnerability of young immigrant women with NEET status are not acknowledged in both research and social policy. Within the extreme variety gathered under the term NEET, this present article aims at exploring the experience of a group of young non-EU migrant women aged between 18 and 31 living in Italy, who at the time of their participation in this study, were not engaged in education, employment, or training. Nineteen semi-structured interviews have been collected involving young women who migrated from Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Morocco, Pakistan, and Tunisia, in most cases through family reunification. Thematic analysis carried out on interview transcripts highlights the complexity and richness of the stories and experiences narrated by participants, composing a heterogeneous group marked by different levels of vulnerability and resilience capabilities, language skills, and involvement in the goal of finding a job. The perception of vulnerability that emerges from the women interviewed refers mainly to the relational dimension of life, which appears to be characterized by loneliness, a sense of isolation, and feelings of extraneousness (not belonging) with respect to an external context. Implications for policies aimed at this specific group of foreign women are discussed.
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Sava, Simona. "FROM EDUCATIONAL POLICIES TO ACTUAL PRACTICES: YOUNG NEETS IN ROMANIA." Journal of Pedagogy - Revista de Pedagogie LXVIII, no. 2 (December 2020): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26755/revped/2020.2/105.
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According to Eurostat data, the young NEETs (Not in education, employment or training) rate in Romania is one of the highest in Europe. It ranks 4th in Europe in 2019 (after Italy, Greece, and Slovenia) (Eurostat, 2020), with 11.5% for men, and 27.8% for women (while the EU average is 12.2% for men, and 20.8% for women). In addition, Romania has one of the highest rates of ’other NEETs’, not registered by public employment agencies: only 4.8% were registered in 2018, and received the NEETs benefits (CE, 2018). Recent data show the low performance of Romania in monitoring the school to work transition of youths, in accessing the European funds to support young people entering the labor market, or for offering the Youth Guarantee (Beadle et al., 2020). Even so, Romania, like all other member states, cannot afford to lose the youth capital, while it faces sharp population ageing and outgoing migration. During the last decade, we saw emerging a strong know-how for understanding and addressing the NEETs issue. Reflecting on the research data from different reports and studies, from various findings in large scale H2020 research and innovation projects on NEETs, the paper elaborates on proactive or remedial integrative solutions for improving the situation of young NEETs in Romania, building up on the good practices in atracting NEETs, at national and European level, while using the theoretical framework of the governmentality studies applied to the youth field (Besley, 2010).
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Ibrahim, Bello, and Jamilu Ibrahim Mukhtar. "Changing Pattern Of Prostitution: An Assessment Of Transnational Commercial Sex Work By Nigerian Women." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n2p81.
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This paper is aimed at analyzing the changing pattern of prostitution. However, the definition of the act of prostitution has been metamorphosing for centuries from acceptable to illegal and then (in some jurisdictions) to criminal again, agitations by advocates have also necessitated the nomenclatural alteration from “prostitution” to “commercial sex work”. The paper examined how development in information and communication technology allows commercial sex workers to make connections with clients through internet and sell sex on this platform. Globalization processes has also changed the pattern of this business to a transnational activity. Although there are many willing transnational commercial sex workers, but organized criminal syndicates are using this development to traffic some women and children with the false promises of getting a lucrative from overseas but ultimately subject them to sex exploitation, child prostitution and sex labor. As is the plight of some Nigerian women in Italy and other European, Middle Eastern and Asian countries, many women from developing countries are recruited into this institution through human trafficking. As a result of commercial sex many women and girls suffer sexual violence, sex exploitation, sexual abuse and contract STDs. To curtail these problems, governments and transnational institutions are therefore urged to develop mechanisms that can tackle these problems by providing women with decent employment opportunities and increase surveillance across national borders.
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Salaris, Luisa, Andrei Iacob, Viviana Anghel, and Giulia Contu. "The Impact of the First Covid-19 Wave on Migrant Workers: The Case of Romanians in Italy." Central and Eastern European Migration Review 11, no. 1 (2022): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54667/ceemr.2022.06.
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The Covid-19 pandemic is having an unprecedented impact on health systems, on many economic sectors and on the labour market. This critical situation is also accompanied by social destabilisation, which has exacerbated inequalities and severely affected the most disadvantaged population groups, such as migrant workers. This study provides insights into the consequences of the first wave and the lockdown period in Spring 2020 of the Covid-19 pandemic on Romanians living in Italy, using data collected by the International Association Italy-Romania ‘Cuore Romeno’, within a project financed by the Romanian Department for Diaspora and developed to support actions while strengthening the link with Romanian institutions during the pandemic. Findings show that, during the lockdown, two opposite situations occurred among Romanians. Workers in the ‘key sector’ become indispensable and experienced only small changes, while others lost their job or experienced a worsening of working conditions, with lower wages or an increase in working hours. Most workers chose to stay in Italy, relying on their savings or the support of the Italian government. Job losses, not having new employment, and having limited savings all influenced the decision of a smaller group to return to Romania. In conclusion, the analysis suggests that measures adopted should take into consideration that the Covid-19 pandemic might disproportionally hit population groups such as migrants, women, young people and temporary and unprotected workers, particularly those employed in trade, hospitality and agriculture.
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Fantone, Laura. "Precarious Changes: Gender and Generational Politics in Contemporary Italy." Feminist Review 87, no. 1 (September 2007): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400357.
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The issue of a generational exchange in Italian feminism has been crucial over the last decade. Current struggles over precariousness have revived issues previously raised by feminists of the 1970s, recalling how old forms of instability and precarious employment are still present in Italy. This essay starts from the assumption that precariousness is a constitutive aspect of many young Italian women's lives, young Italian feminist scholars have been discussing the effects of such precarity on their generation. This article analyses the literature produced by political groups of young scholars interested in gender and feminism connected to debates on labour and power in contemporary Italy. One of the most successful strategies that younger feminists have used to gain visibility has involved entering current debates on precariousness, thus forcing a connection with the larger Italian labour movement. In doing so, this new wave of feminism has destabilized the universalism assumed by the 1970s generation. By pointing to a necessary generational change, younger feminists have been able to mark their own specificity and point to exploitative power dynamics within feminist groups, as well as in the family and in the workplace without being dismissed. In such a layered context, many young feminists argue that precariousness is a life condition, not just the effect of job market flexibility and not solely negative. The literature produced by young feminists addresses the current strategies engineered to make ‘their’ precarious life more sustainable. This essay analyses such strategies in the light of contemporary Italian politics. The main conclusion is that younger Italian women's experience requires new strategies and tools for struggle, considering that the visibility of women as political subjects is still quite minimal. Female precariousness can be seen as a fruitful starting point for a dialogue across differences, addressing gender and reproduction, immigration, work and social welfare at the same time.
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Barchitta, Martina, Andrea Maugeri, Roberta Magnano San Lio, Giuliana Favara, Maria Clara La Rosa, Claudia La Mastra, Annalisa Quattrocchi, and Antonella Agodi. "Dietary Patterns are Associated with Leukocyte LINE-1 Methylation in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Italy." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081843.
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Bioactive food compounds have different effects on global DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism associated with chromosomal stability and genome function. Since the diet is characterized by a mixture of foods, we aimed to identify dietary patterns in women, and to evaluate their association with long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) methylation, a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of 349 women from Southern Italy, with no history of severe diseases. Dietary patterns were derived by food frequency questionnaire and principal component analysis. LINE-1 methylation of leukocyte DNA was assessed by pyrosequencing. We observed that intake of wholemeal bread, cereals, fish, fruit, raw and cooked vegetables, legumes, soup, potatoes, fries, rice, and pizza positively correlated with LINE-1 methylation levels. By contrast, vegetable oil negatively correlated with LINE-1 methylation levels. Next, we demonstrated that adherence to a prudent dietary pattern—characterized by high intake of potatoes, cooked and raw vegetables, legumes, soup and fish—was positively associated with LINE-1 methylation. In particular, women in the 3rd tertile exhibited higher LINE-1 methylation level than those in the 1st tertile (median = 66.7 %5mC; IQR = 4.67 %5mC vs. median = 63.1 %5mC; IQR = 12.3 %5mC; p < 0.001). Linear regression confirmed that women in the 3rd tertile had higher LINE-1 methylation than those in the 1st tertile (β = 0.022; SE = 0.003; p < 0.001), after adjusting for age, educational level, employment status, smoking status, use of folic acid supplement, total energy intake and body mass index. By contrast, no differences in LINE-1 methylation across tertiles of adherence to the Western dietary pattern were evident. Interestingly, women who exclusively adhered to the prudent dietary pattern had a higher average LINE-1 methylation level than those who exclusively or preferably adhered to the Western dietary pattern (β = 0.030; SE = 0.004; p < 0.001; β = 0.023; SE = 0.004; p < 0.001; respectively), or those with no preference for a specific dietary pattern (β = 0.013; SE = 0.004; p = 0.002). Our study suggested a remarkable link between diet and DNA methylation; however, further mechanistic studies should be encouraged to understand the causal relationship between dietary intake and DNA methylation.
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Moniem el sayed, Esmat Mohamed Abdel. "Small and Medium Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 and Its Role in Reducing Unemployment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Research in World Economy 11, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n1p229.
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SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) account for 60 to 70 percent of jobs in most OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries with a particularly large share in Italy and Japan, and a relatively smaller share in the United States. Throughout; they also account for a disproportionately large share of new jobs, especially in those countries which have displayed a strong employment record.In Saudi Arabia, more than two-thirds of the population are younger than 30 and about 100,000 graduates enter the job market each year. The present paper discusses what measures should be taken and highlights the importance of understanding the relationship and interaction between unemployment and entrepreneurship. The present research focuses on studies that explain small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and its role in reducing unemployment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are used to collect data that may contribute to a better understanding of the employment issues of Saudi young men and women. Besides; we introduce entrepreneurship Survey Questionnaire; this survey has focused mainly on understanding the relationship and interaction between unemployment and entrepreneurship. In this survey, a more balanced view is taken by examining the factors which contribute to creating more job opportunities.
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Kharitonova, Alyona М. "Logic Manuals for Women in the Late Enlightenment Era." Kantian journal 38, no. 3 (2019): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2019-3-4.
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In the focus of my attention there are six German-language textbooks in logic published in the second half of the eighteenth century. What distinguishes these books is that they were all written specially for women. While such works were fairly common in France and Italy during this period, they had something of an exotic character in the German-speaking world. Today these works and their authors are generally seen as secondary and marginal. Nevertheless, they may be of substantial interest in the study of the history of the formation of logic, a fundamental and still relevant discipline in university education. What is the status of logic for women? Is it a kind of publishing by-product paraphrasing classical logic textbooks under a new and unusual title or do they represent a new independent branch? To answer these questions I analyse the chosen works on logic and the reviews which they prompted. I demonstrate that logic manuals for women published in Germany in the second half of the eighteenth century constitute one of the numerous varieties of the popular philosophy genre. Simple language, dialogic or epistolary form, practical orientation and eclecticism — all this brings logic within the intellectual reach of any civilised person, providing him/her with an instrument of performing their own mission, i. e. the employment of their reason. The very fact that the content of logic for women is practically no different from the content of classical compendiums was a revolutionary development, a practical implementation of the postulate that logic is universal and can be understood by everyone, a principle formulated earlier in the works of C. Thomasius and C. Wolff.
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Mussida, Chiara, and Dario Sciulli. "Does the Presence of a Disabled Person in the Household Affect the Employment Probabilities of Cohabiting Women? Evidence from Italy, France and the UK." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 40, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10834-019-09612-8.
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Morgan, Kimberly J. "Path Shifting of the Welfare State: Electoral Competition and the Expansion of Work-Family Policies in Western Europe." World Politics 65, no. 1 (January 2013): 73–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887112000251.
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What explains the surprising growth of work-family policies in several West European countries? Much research on the welfare state emphasizes its institutional stickiness and immunity to major change. Yet, over the past two decades, governments in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom have introduced important reforms to their welfare regimes, enacting paid leave schemes, expanded rights to part-time work, and greater investments in child care. A comparison of these countries reveals a similar sequence of political and policy change. Faced with growing electoral instability and the decline of core constituencies, party leaders sought to attract dealigning voter groups, such as women. This led them to introduce feminizing reforms of their party structures and adopt policies to support mothers' employment. In all three cases, women working within the parties played an important role in hatching or lobbying for these reforms. After comparing three countries that moved in a path-shifting direction, this article engages in a brief traveling exercise, examining whether a similar set of dynamics are lacking in two countries—Austria and Italy—that have moved more slowly in reforming these policies. Against the prevailing scholarly literature that emphasizes path dependence and slow-moving change, this article reveals the continued power of electoral politics in shaping redistributive policies.
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Ferro, Salvatore, Annalisa Caroli, Oriana Nanni, Annibale Biggeri, and Angelo Gambi. "A Cross Sectional Survey on Breast Self Examination Practice, Utilization of Breast Professional Examination, Mammography and Associated Factors in Romagna, Italy." Tumori Journal 78, no. 2 (April 1992): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169207800207.
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In 1988, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Romagna region (Italy) to evaluate the association between knowledge of breast pathophysiology and preventive attitudes and screening tests practice for breast cancer. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a sample of asymptomatic women aged 20–64 years living in the city of Faenza (Northern Italy). Of the 657 responders, 58 % reported that they practiced breast self-examination; 55% had had a professional breast examination, and only 9 % had had a mammogram as a screening test. Logistic regression analysis (including variables such as age, education, employment) was performed to explore the relationship between screening tests practice and factors associated with their use. Breast self-examination practice (n = 590) was associated with preventive attitudes (aOR = 1.67, 95°/o CI = 1.09–2.53) and with a positive history of breast disease (aOR = 3.48, 95 % CI = 1.72–7.04). Professional breast examination (n = 480) was related to preventive attitudes (aOR = 2.37, 95 % CI = 1.51–3.71), knowledge of breast pathophysiology (aOR = 2.07, 95 % CI = 1.31–3.28), and use of oral contraceptives (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.12–2.91). Mammography use (n = 540) was associated with preventive attitudes (aOR = 3.08, 95 % CI = 1.40–6.76). The results show an inadequate utilization of screening tests in our population. Breast self-examination is strongly related to a positive history of breast disease, and this could reflect the lack of health educational programs aimed at the general population.
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Magnano San Lio, Roberta, Andrea Maugeri, Maria Clara La Rosa, Antonio Cianci, Marco Panella, Giuliana Giunta, Antonella Agodi, and Martina Barchitta. "The Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors on Breastfeeding: Findings from the “Mamma & Bambino” Cohort." Medicina 57, no. 2 (January 24, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020103.
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Background and objectives: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends women (1) to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of birth; (2) to exclusively breastfeed for the first six months; and (3) to continue breastfeeding until two years of age. However, women do not always adhere to these recommendations, threatening the health of their children. The present study aims to evaluate breastfeeding status and the main maternal factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding for six months among women from the “Mamma & Bambino” study, a prospective cohort settled in Catania, Italy. Materials and Methods: We used data from 220 women (median age = 37 years) enrolled in the “Mamma & Bambino” cohort during prenatal obstetric counselling. Self-reported breastfeeding status was collected during the follow-up interviews at 1 and 2 years, referring to breastfeeding status (i.e., yes or no) and type of breastfeeding (i.e., exclusive or predominant). We also collected data about duration of breastfeeding to classify women into those who adhered to the WHO recommendation and those who did not. Results: In the general population, we noted that the proportion of women who have breastfed increased with increasing educational level. Accordingly, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that medium (OR = 3.171; 95% CI = 1.285–7.822; p = 0.012) and high educational levels (OR = 4.549; 95% CI = 1.525–13.570; p = 0.007) were positively associated with breastfeeding if compared to low educational level. Among women who have breastfed, instead, the proportion of adherents to the WHO recommendation was higher among those with medium–high educational level and those who were employed. In line with this, we demonstrated that full-time employment (OR = 2.158; 95% CI = 1.033–4.508; p = 0.041) and medium educational level (OR = 4.632; 95% CI = 1.227–17.484; p = 0.024) were positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. Conclusions: Socio-demographic factors should be taken into account through public health strategies for improving maternal knowledge about health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.
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Chirugu, Gianina, and Felicia Andrioni. "Study on the European framework for the application of the active ageing index." MATEC Web of Conferences 342 (2021): 10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134210001.
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The challenges associated with the ageing population are important and continuous growth across the world, especially in Europe, the continent with the oldest population. The fundamental objective of active ageing interventions is to optimise opportunities for health, participation and security so as to increase the quality of life of the population with ageing. The Active Ageing Index is a flexible comparative analysis tool that has the mission to help promote and implement active ageing. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the phenomenon of active ageing from the perspective of the active ageing index in the European area. The methodology used consisted of document analysis, study for several countries in the European space such as: Italy, Germany, Poland, Spain, Romania, analysis and comparison of statistic data. The results obtained show that the role of this active ageing index is to capture the various facets of active ageing, measuring the contribution of older people (women and men) to economic and social life and to the extent to which the environment in which they live stimulates them in this regard to provide more active participation in employment, social life and to lead independent lives.
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Goglio, Valentina, and Roberto Rizza. "Young adult occupational transition regimes in Europe: does gender matter?" International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 1/2 (March 12, 2018): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-04-2017-0052.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to achieve a greater understanding of the transitions young adults experience into and out of the labour market and the influence that gender and married/cohabiting status have on employment careers. Design/methodology/approach The paper focuses on young adults (25-34 years old) in four European countries – Italy, the Netherlands, the UK and Norway – that are representative of different youth transition regimes. Using longitudinal data from EU-SILC survey (for the years 2006-2012) and event history analysis, the authors investigate the effect of the particular set of institutional features of each country, the effect of the cohort of entry and the effect of gender differences in determining transitions across labour market status. Findings Findings show that the filter exercised by the national institutions has a selective impact on the careers of young adults, with some institutional contexts more protective than others. In this respect, the condition of inactivity emerges as an interesting finding: on one side, it mainly involves women in a partnership, on the other side it is more common in protective youth regimes, suggesting that it may be a chosen rather than suffered condition. Originality/value The paper contributes to existing literature by: focusing on a specific category, young adults from 25 to 34 years old, which is increasingly recognised as a critical stage in the life course though it receives less attention than its younger counterpart (15-24); integrating the importance of family dynamics on work careers by analysing the different effects played by married/cohabiting status for men and women.
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Italia, Sebastiano, Chiara Costa, Giusi Briguglio, Carmela Mento, Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello, Angela Alibrandi, Francesca Larese Filon, Giovanna Spatari, Michele Teodoro, and Concettina Fenga. "Quality of Life, Insomnia and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic in Hospital Workers. A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 12466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312466.
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COVID-19 became a pandemic in a few months, leading to adverse health outcomes, reducing the quality of life, affecting the sleep/wake cycle, and altering coping strategies, especially among hospital personnel. Life quality, insomnia, and coping strategies were thus assessed among hospital personnel during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2020 through an online survey. There were 558 participants (28.5% males and 71.5% females) enrolled in two different metropolitan areas (in North and South of Italy, respectively). Three standardized questionnaires were administered: European Quality of life–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Brief COPE. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics and work-related factors were also investigated in order to identify possible predictors through a generalized linear model and logistic regression analysis. Results showed good perceived life quality and high insomnia prevalence. After sample stratification, the statistical analysis highlighted that personal (gender, age, educational level) and work-related factors (employment in COVID wards, remote working) played different roles in predicting quality of life, insomnia, and coping attitude. Active, Planning, and Acceptance were the most frequently adopted coping strategies. Despite women confirming their attitude in reacting to the difficulties, adopting emotion-focused coping strategies, they showed a higher probability to develop insomnia, so a gender perspective should be considered in the health protection of this working category. An integrated approach should be implemented at individual, interpersonal and organizational levels aiming to monitor psychological distress, favor regular sharing and communication between peers, and also allow conciliation of work with family life. At the organizational level, preventive and protective measures adequate to work-related risk to COVID-19 should be adopted.
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Hanagan, Michael, and Mary Jo Maynes. "Louise Tilly in Intergenerational Perspective." Social Science History 38, no. 1-2 (2014): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.6.
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Louise Tilly is noteworthy as an historian, a mentor, and a distiller of feminist thought. Her work covers a variety of fields. In the field of labor history she produced an important study of political contention in Italy, Politics and Class in Milan, 1881–1901, and, along with Charles and Richard Tilly, a widely influential study of collective action, The Rebellious Century (Tilly 1994; Tilly et al. 1975). Her most influential work is in the arena of women's and family history, most notably Women, Work, and Family, a product of her collaboration with Joan Scott (Tilly and Scott 1978). She was also a member of the Panel on Women's Work and Technology of the National Research Council, which produced a signal study of the evolution of women's white collar work and its prospects, Computer Chips and Paper Clips: Technology and Women's Employment, and she possessed a keen interest in the intersection between demographic and family history as shown in her coedited collection on European fertility decline (Gillis et al. 1992; National Research Council 1986). Before illness forced her to cease work, she was moving into global history where her most important contribution was her presidential address to the American Historical Association (AHA) that outlined a distinctive and original approach to world history (Tilly 1994).
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Tsiklashvili, N., T. Turmanidze, and N. Robitashvili. "Causing Reasons and Results of Migration in Georgia (In the context of gender)." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2019.1.42.
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Migration is one of the most important global problem. Voluntary migration is going with a rapid pace, what is promoted with the development of technology, the access of information, diversification of labor market. In Georgia, in the first years of independence, obtained in 90-ies of the last centuries, labor migration appeared. The main factor of intensive migration is worsening of socio-economic conditions and living standards of Georgian population.
As a result of legal and illegal labor migration, healthy workforce – young people are migrating from Georgia. The largest number of emigrants is distributed in the age group between 25 – 35. Demographic aging appears in the country.
In 1990-ies, in Georgia, on the background of difficult economic and political situation, it has been significantly increased the scale of external migration and as a result of it, the number of Georgian population has been reduced since 1993 year. The number of population consisted of 4929,9 thousand men in accordance with the 1st of January, 1994 year and by the 1st of January, 2018 year – the number of population was determined with 3729.6 thousand men. For the last 24 years, the number of population was reduced with 1200,3 thousand men and one of the main factor of it is migration processes. The number of emigrants in dynamics is growing and among them, the number of women is high.
The reason why they`re going to emigration is poverty of Georgia, employment problem, also the income is low from households, what forces the woman (and man as well) to go to other country to work.
The labor market in Georgia is so saturated that women are engaged in the least profitable sectors – such as health care, service sector, education. Their incomes are so low that they`re forced to emigrate.
Most of the citizens, emigrated from Georgia send the money to their family members, what gives these families minimal social guarantees.
Despite of many disadvantages, emigration is somehow positive process, especially for the developing countries, for which it`s very important international money transfer.
The distribution of emigrated women and men according to the countries gives us an interesting picture. Women are mostly in the countries, where it`s easier for them to be employed (caretakers), most women are in Greece, Turkey and Italy, Most men are in Ukraine. In total, the highest number of emigrants are in Russia.
Despite of the fact that, there`s not an exact answer on the question, what kind of influence has money transfer on economic growth, on the level of household of remitters, their contribution can be very important on education, health care and capital in order to improve accessibility.
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Galizzi, Giovanna, and Benedetta Siboni. "Positive action plans in Italian universities: does gender really matter?" Meditari Accountancy Research 24, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 246–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-09-2015-0062.
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Purpose The European university context reveals a high degree of gender inequality. In Italy, the overall female employment rate is significantly lower than in the rest of Europe; nevertheless, gender equality in universities is consistent with the European average. In 2006, the Italian Government required public organisations (thus state universities) to formulate positive action plans (PAPs) and disclose the positive actions planned for the following three years to promote gender equality. However, the law does not provide any guideline for the contents of the PAPs. The purpose of this paper is to analyse gender equality disclosure in PAPs to investigate whether and how Italian State Universities (ISUs) are taking a role in promoting gender equality. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses content analysis to investigate contents of gender disclosure in 28 PAPs. The authors developed a coding instrument based on the Guidelines for Gender Equality Programmes in Science. Findings The paper found that most PAPs are focused on creating a favourable environment for women inside the organisation, while little attention has been paid to creating gender awareness in research and teaching activities, as well as in supporting women’s leadership. The paper concludes that ISUs are failing as key players in the cultural change of the society toward gender equality. Originality/value First, the paper contributes to the accounting literature by providing an analysis of accounting for gender by universities. Second, it adds to the debate on positive actions for gender equality in the university sector.
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ÇELİKOĞLU, Şaban, and Evren ATIŞ. "German Turks in the 60th Anniversary of Migration: The Case of Zonguldak Province." İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1603–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1138880.
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After the Second World War, Germany made a breakthrough in heavy industry, especially in the sectors of iron and steel. Nevertheless, as a result of significant labor shortage in the country, labor agreements were signed with Italy in 1955, Spain and Greece in 1960 respectively. Subsequently, a labor agreement was signed between Turkey and Germany on 30 October 1961. Following this, there has been an intense migration from Turkey to Germany and the Turkish population in the country has reached 3 million in the 60th year of migration. At the present time, the Turkish population in Germany has extended as far as the fourth generation.In this case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods, as a result of the interviews carried out with men and women over the age of 50 who immigrated from Zonguldak to Germany between 1961-1980 and lived there, the socio-economic and socio-economic effects of the migration to Germany in the Zonguldak province and the cultural aspects and social and spatial reflections were investigated.In this study, it is deduced that those who immigrated from the Zonguldak province to Germany went to the Ruhr region through the Turkish Employment Agency (İŞKUR), and they were basically employed in the mining sector, iron and steel and machinery industry, and the second and third generation individuals who were born in Germany substantially preferred the service sector. It is also found out that almost all of the migrating families preferred Turkey for investment; they preferred to invest in real estate such as housing and land with their earnings; the children of the migrating families continued to have a sense of belonging to Turkey, albeit at a diminishing pace, but the ties of their grandchildren were severed.
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Zaidi, Asghar, Katrin Gasior, Eszter Zolyomi, Andrea Schmidt, Ricardo Rodrigues, and Bernd Marin. "Measuring active and healthy ageing in Europe." Journal of European Social Policy 27, no. 2 (January 8, 2017): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928716676550.
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The active and healthy ageing measure reported here is calculated for the 28 European Union countries, with a specific focus on the current generation of older people and by using the latest data from multiple surveys. It covers diverse aspects of active and healthy ageing, by measuring older people’s contribution with respect to not just employment but also their unpaid familial, social and cultural contributions and their independent, healthy and secure living. The article presents the first-of-its-kind quantitative measure of active and healthy ageing in the literature on active and healthy ageing which hitherto has focused largely on concepts, definitions and public policy strategies. In this pursuit, an important contribution of this measure, referred to as the Active Ageing Index (‘AAI’), is that it also captures how countries differ with respect to capacity and enabling environments for active and healthy ageing. The AAI offers a breakdown not just by four domains of active and healthy ageing but also by gender. Key findings are that Sweden comes at the top of the country ranking, followed closely by Denmark, the United Kingdom, Finland, the Netherlands and Ireland. The four southern European countries (Italy, Portugal, Spain and Malta) are middle-ranked countries. Greece and many of the Central European countries are at the bottom, highlighting much greater untapped potentials of active and healthy ageing among older people in these countries and a need for greater policy efforts. Women fare worse than men in most countries, identifying a need for an emphasis on reducing gender disparity in experiences of active and healthy ageing. The AAI tool developed has the potential to identify the social policy mechanisms behind the differential achievements of active and healthy ageing, for example, what active and healthy ageing strategies have driven top performers, and in what respect the bottom-ranked countries have lagged behind.
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Sobot, Ankica. "The impact of education on time use of elderly population in Serbia." Stanovnistvo 53, no. 2 (2015): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1502067s.
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The active ageing concept, which implies individual and broader social benefits, is defined for mitigating the negative effects of intensive population ageing. It redefines the perception of ageing in accordance with the positive trends in terms of health and life span of older persons' life. One of the factors which has certain impact on some aspects of active ageing is education. The researches confirm its influence on the health and vitality of the elderly, as well as on their economic activity. It is important not only as a dimension of socio-economic status, but also from the perspective of certain behavior, the availability of learning, the possibility of adopting valid information and the use of new technological achievements for the purpose of healthy lifestyle. The top ten countries in 2015 regarding Active Ageing Index have up to four times higher shares of highly educated persons among those aged 50 or over (between 23% and 34%), compared to the countries which are at the back of the AAI list. However, Italy is ranked second, regarding the participation in society despite the fact that less than 10% of persons aged 50 or over are highly educated. By contrast, Estonia has only high index in employment, while in relation to the other spheres is very low ranking, regardless there are 34% of highly educated among persons aged 50 or over. The first example shows that it is possible to achieve partial progress despite low prevalence of high education. Another indicates that the attainment in active ageing can be limited by other factors despite high proportion of highly educated. It is possible to conclude that in either of these two cases high education did not impact, but that these characteristics of active ageing are the consequences of other factors. Participation in society, in addition to volunteering and political engagement, implies caring for children or the elderly. It is possible that the incidence of these activities have more important influence on the positioning of Italy in this sphere. Relatively high index of employment could be explained by the influence of socio-economic conditions and the necessity of working engagement of older persons due to social security and living standards of households. This could be said for Estonia because it is placed into the group of countries with lower GDP per capita. The research regarding the time use in Serbia, used in this paper as the framework for studying the lifestyle of older people, shows that the paid work is the most evident differentiation between those who have entered the older age (65 or older) and those who are on the threshold of this limit (55-64 years). Regarding leisure time, it is clear that more passive forms (watching television and resting) prevail. Reading, walking, visiting, spending time with family and the provision of informal help partially mitigate this picture. However, weak commitment to cultural events and physical activity, poor involvement in different spheres of social life, almost the absence of voluntary work and additional training undermine the concept of active ageing. Highly educated persons have the most of leisure time but, in relation to persons with lower educational levels, there is no substantial differentiation regarding the activities that mark active ageing. In comparison with others, they spent less time watching TV and movies as well as resting, but more time walking, visiting, reading, using a computer or providing informal support. Tertiary education has proved to be a point of differentiation among females who approach the entry into older age. It does not only mean more time in paid work, but also less time in unpaid activities, compared to women with lower educational levels. In addition, highly educated women aged 65 or over more frequently perform paid jobs than those with primary education. It is not the specificity of male population. High education did not eliminate the specificities of overpowering cultural pattern of gender roles. Men more engage in paid jobs and have more leisure time, while women spend more time in performing household tasks. Women more devote to reading books, going to the cinema, volunteering, and the participation in religious activities as compared to men. Male respondents spend more time resting, exercising and visiting sport events. However, in both cases passive forms of leisure time prevail, although there are some specificities. In comparison with those who had lower educational levels, highly educated persons evaluated their health as good or very good two times more frequently, but it has not resulted in significant difference in terms of commitment to the activities that mark active ageing. The widespread of tertiary education does not mean unconditional acceptance of this model. In addition to social conditions, living circumstances and cultural norms, lifestyle is important as an advantage or a disadvantage for the realization of active ageing. Lower education levels are an additional challenge in terms of advancing all preconditions for accepting and spreading the model of active aging.
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Satkunam, Natasha Amrita, Johnny Mahlangu, Christoph Bidlingmaier, Maria Eva Mingot-Castellano, Meera B. Chitlur, Patrick F. Fogarty, Adam Cuker, et al. "Characterization of Bleeding in Hemophilia Carriers and Comparison to Women with Type 1 Von Willebrand Disease, Type 3 Von Willebrand Disease Obligate Carriers and Controls." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.875.875.
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Abstract Background: Hemophilia carriers report abnormal bleeding, even when factor VIII or IX levels are normal. Information comparing bleeding events between carriers and women with other inherited bleeding disorders is lacking. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to characterize bleeding in hemophilia carriers using the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis Bleeding Assessment Tool (ISTH-BAT) and to compare it with bleeding in normal controls, women with Type 1 VWD and Type 3 VWD obligate carriers (OC). Method: This was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study performed by members of GEHEP (Global Emerging HEmostasis Panel). Study participants were recruited from GEHEP members' clinics in North America (Kingston, Canada, Detroit and Philadelphia, USA), Europe (Malaga, Spain; Milan, Italy; Munich, Germany; Oslo, Norway) and South Africa (Johannesburg). Potential participants were identified through local patient databases and approached during clinic visits. All participants signed informed consent. Hemophilia carriers were defined by a documented FVIII or FIX mutation and/or by an appropriate family history (daughter of a man with hemophilia or mother of two sons with hemophilia or mother of one son with hemophilia with at least one other affected male relative). Demographic information was collected using a CRF and the ISTH-BAT was completed for each participant by study personnel. Existing ISTH-BAT data for women with Type 1 VWD, Type 3 VWD OC and age-matched female controls were used for comparison. Results: A total of 329 participants were included in this study; 168 hemophilia carriers, 83 women with Type 1 VWD, 32 Type 3 VWD OC and 46 female normal controls. Hemophilia carriers and normal controls were similar in age (40.1 vs 41.6, p=0.445). The mean overall ISTH-BAT bleeding score (BS) was significantly higher in carriers than in controls (5.7 vs 2.48, p<0.0001). Carriers reported significantly more bleeding in the categories of cutaneous, minor wounds, oral cavity bleeding, post-dental bleeding, surgical bleeding, menorrhagia, post-partum bleeding and other when compared with controls. Carriers were older than Type 1 VWD patients (40.1 vs 36.4 years, p=0.042). While women with Type 1 VWD had higher total ISTH-BAT BS (8.7 vs 5.7, p<0.0001) as well as higher scores for epistaxis, cutaneous bleeding, minor wounds, oral cavity bleeding and menorrhagia, hemophilia carriers had significantly higher scores for muscle hematomas and hemarthrosis. Carriers were younger than Type 3 VWD OC (40.1 vs 45.2 years, p = 0.02), had higher overall ISTH-BAT BS (5.7 vs 3.0, p=0.009) and reported more bleeding in the following categories: total score, epistaxis, hematuria, dental, muscle hematomas, hemarthrosis, and other. In fact, hemophilia carriers reported more musculoskeletal bleeding than all other groups. Importantly, given the concern about over-reporting of joint bleeds by hemophilia carriers because of familiarity with hemarthrosis in affected male relatives, no Type 3 VWD OC reported joint bleeds. See Table 1 for detailed results. Conclusion: In summary, our study showed that hemophilia carriers report significantly more bleeding by overall ISTH-BAT BS than age-matched female controls. Carriers experience both mucocutaneous bleeding as well as musculoskeletal bleeding. They score higher for mucocutaneous bleeding when compared with controls and when compared with Type 3 VWD OC. Overall Type 1 VWD patients experience more severe mucocutaneous bleeding than hemophilia carriers. However, hemophilia carriers report more musculoskeletal bleeding in the form of hemarthrosis and hematomas than all other groups. A comparison of overall ISTH-BAT BS between groups shows that bleeding in women with Type 1 VWD > hemophilia carriers > Type 3 VWD OC > controls. Additional research into the underlying pathophysiology of this abnormal bleeding is a critical next step in understanding and determining how to appropriately manage these patients. Disclosures Bidlingmaier: Novo Nordisk: Honoraria; Sobi: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Biotest: Honoraria; Baxalta: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria; CSL Behring: Honoraria, Research Funding. Mingot-Castellano:Amgen: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Research Funding; Baxalta: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy, Research Funding. Chitlur:Novo Nordisk: Consultancy; Baxalta: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria; Biogen-Idec: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Fogarty:Bayer Healthcare: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Baxter/Baxalta: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Biogen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Chugai: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CSL Behring: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Employment, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Spark Therapeutics: Research Funding. Cuker:T2 Biosystems: Research Funding; Genzyme: Consultancy; Biogen-Idec: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy; Stago: Consultancy. Mancuso:Bayer Healthcare: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Baxalta: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; CSL Behring: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Sobi/Biogen Idec: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Kedrion: Consultancy. Holme:Baxalta, now part of Shire: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Investigator Clinical Studies. Mathew:Bayer: Employment. James:CSL Behring: Research Funding; Octapharma: Research Funding; Biogen: Consultancy; Basalt: Consultancy; Bayer: Research Funding.
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Sorge, Antonia, Giovanni Borrelli, Emanuela Saita, and Raffaella Perrella. "Violence Risk Assessment and Risk Management: Case-Study of Filicide in an Italian Woman." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 6967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19126967.
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Background: At an international level, the risk assessment and management process of violent offenders follows a standard method that implies well-defined theoretical models and the use of scientifically validated tools. In Italy, this process is still highly discretionary. The aim of this study is to highlight the advantages deriving from the use of risk assessment tools within the framework of a single case study; Methods: Recidivism risk and social dangerousness of an Italian woman perpetrator of filicide were assessed through the administration of the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) instrument supported by Historical Clinical Risk-20 Version 3 (HCR-20 V3); Results: The administration of LS/CMI showed that, in this single case, the subcomponents represent a criminogenic risk/need factor are: Family/Marital, Companions, Alcohol and Drug Problem and Leisure; while constituting strengths: employment and the absence of a Pro-criminal Orientation and an Antisocial Pattern; Conclusions: Data collected through LS/CMI indicated life areas of a single case, which should be emphasised not only to assess the risk of re-offending and social dangerousness but also for a social rehabilitation programme more suited to the subject. This study demonstrates that the LS/CMI assessment tool is suitable for the Italian context.
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Carrasquilla, Gabriel. "The SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia – A view from the Academy of Medicine." Gaceta Médica de Caracas 128, S2 (December 1, 2020): S208—S2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.47307/gmc.2020.128.s2.8.
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The first case of SARS-Cov-2 in Colombia was reported on March 6th, 2020, in a woman arriving from Milan (Italy), and on March 12th sanitary emergency was declared by the President. Colombia started preparation for the pandemic in early January by monitoring all ports of international entrances. The initial strict and complete lockdown was mandated for 19 days starting on March 24, which was later extended in various opportunities until August 31. However, beginning late April few economic sectors were allowed to start activities. The number of cases grew constantly up to the end of July and since the beginning of August, the daily number of new cases is decreasing. Colombia began processing 3 000 samples for RT-PCR diagnose of COVID-19 and increased to 119 laboratories and 45 000 tests per day and increased from 3 000 to 10 000 beds in Intensive Care Units across the country. The National Academy of Medicine has followed the pandemic by meeting weekly to analyze different aspects of the pandemic, among others, primary health care, and the situation of health services, mental health, economic impact, and social indiscipline. Results of the early control measures and proper preparedness in testing and ICU are presented as well as the opportunities for improvement in social communication oriented to more pedagogic and educational messages instead of prohibition or fear of the current situation. There are challenges for the post-pandemic such reforms to the health system, strengthening primary health care, better coordination between national and local governments, and recovery of employment that will require strong participative leadership.
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Mesa, Ruben A., Norio Komatsu, Harinder Gill, Jie Jin, Sung-Eun Lee, Hsin-An Hou, Toshiaki Sato, et al. "Surpass-ET Trial: A Phase 3, Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized, Active-Controlled Study to Assess Pharmacokinetics and Compare the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of P1101 Vs Anagrelide As Second Line Therapy for Essential Thrombocythemia." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-147417.
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Abstract Background: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a subtype of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) characterized by thrombocytosis and disease-related symptoms, which may be difficult to manage. Patients with ET are also at higher risk of thrombosis and hemorrhage. Ideal therapeutic approaches should achieve adequate cytoreduction, reduce the risk of thrombo-hemorrhagic complications, and prevent progression to post-ET myelofibrosis (PET-MF) or secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Low-dose aspirin with hydroxyurea (HU) is typically given as first-line therapy in high-risk patients. However, approximately 20-40% of ET patients become HU-intolerant or -resistant. In ET, resistance and/or intolerance portend an increased risk of thrombosis, hemorrhage, disease transformation and death. There is a paucity of prospective clinical trial data to guide management of ET patients who are HU resistant or intolerant. P1101 is a next generation monopegylated interferon (IFN) alfa-2b, developed specifically to treat MPNs, including ET. Study Design and Methods: The SURPASS-ET trial (NCT04285086) is a Phase 3, open-label, multicenter, randomized, active-controlled study to assess the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of P1101 after 12 months of treatment compared with anagrelide as second line therapy for subjects with ET who have shown resistance or intolerance to HU. The primary endpoint is durable modified ELN composite response at 9 and 12 months from dosing. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test will be used for comparing the primary endpoint in the two treatment arms. The PK parameters of P1101, including (but not limited to) C min, T max, C max, and area-under-curve (AUC) will be derived using PPK analysis and the relationship between exposure and efficacy and safety endpoints will be examined using E-R analysis. Evaluation of efficacy will include clinical laboratory assessments, allelic burden measurements of CALR, JAK2, and MPL, spleen size measurements, bone marrow sampling (optional), EQ-5D-3L, and MPN Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score (MPN-SAF TSS) assessments. A total of 130 randomized subjects is planned to detect a difference of 40% (P1101) versus 15% (anagrelide) in durable ELN response rate with 90% power at alpha level = 0.05 using the chi-square test. To account for possible non-evaluability (e.g., no follow-up data), approximately 160 subjects will be randomized in this study to get 130 completed patients. Because of uncertainty in the assumptions on which the calculation of the sample size is based, an interim analysis for sample size adjustment will be implemented. Major inclusion criteria include subjects diagnosed with high-risk ET (either older than 60 years and JAK2V617F-positive at screening or having disease-related thrombosis or hemorrhage in the past), diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 criteria, documented resistance/intolerance to HU and IFN naïve or anti-P1101 binding antibody negative. Key exclusion criteria include pregnant females, significant cardiovascular disease, documented autoimmune disease and a history or presence of clinically significant depression or neurological disease. The study involves approximately 65 sites across the US, Taiwan, Japan, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, S. Korea, Canada, and Europe. To-date 55 patients (54 Asians, 1 Caucasian) have been randomized. The mean and median age at recruitment was 58.9 years (SD: 14.34) and 63 years (range 21 to 80 years) respectively. Twenty-seven men (49.1%) and twenty-eight women (50.9%) were recruited. Forty-two subjects (76.4%) had a TSS < 20. The study is being overseen by a Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB). Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Mesa: Gilead: Research Funding; Promedior: Research Funding; AOP: Consultancy; Incyte Corporation: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; La Jolla Pharma: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Sierra Oncology: Consultancy, Research Funding; Samus: Research Funding; Pharma: Consultancy; CTI: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Constellation Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding; CTI: Research Funding. Komatsu: Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation: Research Funding; Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.: Research Funding; Japan Tobacco Inc.: Consultancy; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis Pharma KK: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Shire Japan KK: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; PharmaEssentia Japan KK: Consultancy, Current Employment, Research Funding; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd.: Research Funding. Sato: PharmaEssentia Japan KK: Current Employment. Qin: PharmaEssentia Corp.: Current Employment. Urbanski: PharmaEssentia Corporation: Current Employment. Shih: PharmaEssentia Corporation: Consultancy. Zagrijtschuk: PharmaEssentia U.S.A. Corp.: Current Employment. Zimmerman: PharmaEssentia Corporation: Current Employment. Verstovsek: Gilead: Research Funding; Protagonist Therapeutics: Research Funding; NS Pharma: Research Funding; Incyte Corporation: Consultancy, Research Funding; PharmaEssentia: Research Funding; Ital Pharma: Research Funding; CTI BioPharma: Research Funding; Blueprint Medicines Corp: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Promedior: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sierra Oncology: Consultancy, Research Funding; Constellation: Consultancy; Pragmatist: Consultancy.