Academic literature on the topic 'Women – Employment – Italy'

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Journal articles on the topic "Women – Employment – Italy"

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Bernardi, F. "Does the Husband Matter?: Married Women and Employment in Italy." European Sociological Review 15, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018264.

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COOKE, LYNN PRINCE. "Gender Equity and Fertility in Italy and Spain." Journal of Social Policy 38, no. 1 (January 2009): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279408002584.

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AbstractGender equity and its effects on fertility vary across socio-political contexts, particularly when comparing less with more developed economies. But do subtle differences in equity within more similar contexts matter as well? Here we compare Italy and Spain, two countries with low fertility levels and institutional reliance on kinship and family, but with employment equity among women during the 1990s slightly greater in Italy than Spain. The European Community Household Panel is used to explore the effect of this difference in gender equity on the likelihood of married couples having a second birth during this time period. Women's hours of employment reduce the birth likelihood in both countries, but non-maternal sources of care offset this effect to different degrees. In Spain, private childcare significantly increases birth likelihood, whereas in Italy, father's greater childcare share increases the likelihood, particularly among employed women. These results suggest that increases in women's employment equity increase not only the degree of equity within the home, but also the beneficial effects of equity on fertility. These equity effects help to offset the negative relationship historically found between female employment and fertility.
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Andall, Jacqueline. "Cape Verdean Women on the Move: ‘Immigration Shopping’ in Italy and Europe." Modern Italy 4, no. 2 (November 1999): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532949908454832.

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SummaryThe central theme of this article is the notion that migrants ‘shop’ for opportunities of work, income and social advantages in different countries. Taking the case of Cape Verdean women migrants, the research is based on 25 in-depth interviews carried out with domestic workers in Rome and Rotterdam. I explore ways in which these women have negotiated mobility, employment and family and household responsibilities within the context of a largely independent female migration which is well established from Cape Verde. Italy has a nodal role in channelling mobility from Cape Verde to various destinations in the global Cape Verdean diaspora. But while opportunities for stable employment as domestic workers in Italy have been a constant factor encouraging Cape Verdean women to migrate to Italy, difficulties over pay, working conditions, welfare and family reunion have led to much onward movement to the Netherlands and elsewhere.
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Obadić, Alka, and Lorena Pehar. "Employment, Capital and Seasonality in Selected Mediterranean Countries." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 19, s1 (December 1, 2016): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2016-0012.

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Abstract The paper examines the influence of tourism industry on GDP, employment and capital investments in selected Mediterranean countries (Croatia, France, Greece, Italy and Spain). It points out important contribution which tourism has on economic activity and capital investment of selected economies and labour market. The analysis highlights the importance of tourism strength in generating employment. It synthesizes data on tourism employment and employment according to educational level. The results show that the quality of human capital is increasing but at the same time indicating gender discrimination in tourism labour market. Despite women being the majority of higher education degree holders in tourism, men hold upper-management and decision-making positions more often than women do. Lastly the paper indicates strong contribution of tourism sector in GDP and total employment in selected countries showing strong problem of seasonality.
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Laudano, Maria Carmen, Lamberto Zollo, Cristiano Ciappei, and Vincenzo Zampi. "Entrepreneurial universities and women entrepreneurship: a cross-cultural study." Management Decision 57, no. 9 (October 15, 2019): 2541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2018-0391.

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Purpose Through a cross-culture study, the purpose of this paper is to understand about how entrepreneurial universities can foster entrepreneurship in women by attending to psychological and environmental factors and personality traits that encourage women to form entrepreneurial intent. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the proposed conceptual model on a cross-cultural sample comprising 350 students from Italy, a developed country, and from Albania, an emerging country. Structural equation modeling is used to validate the proposed model and test the hypothesized relationships. Findings In both Italy and Albania, entrepreneurial universities significantly impact entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions in women. The major differences relate to psychological factors that predict self-employment attitudes and intentions. Specifically, risk-taking propensity and locus of control are important antecedents of attitudes in both samples; the need for independence is a significant predictor only in the Italian sample; need for achievement has significant influence only in the Albanian sample. Originality/value To better understand and interpret the phenomenon of female entrepreneurship, the authors use the theory of planned behavior to investigate entrepreneurial universities located in Italy, a developed country, and Albania, an emerging country.
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Nicolescu, Gabriela. "From Border Fetishism to Tactical Socialism." East Central Europe 45, no. 2-3 (November 29, 2018): 279–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04502005.

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This article discusses the meeting point of two political systems with their distinctive value imprints on individuals’ everyday lives. It focuses on two stories of care, aesthetics and labor of Romanian women before the fall of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe and in the first two decades after 1989. The first account comes from an expert, the head of the Union of National Cooperatives of Production (ucecom) during socialist Romania, the main producer of artizanat objects for export. She tells the story of the benefits of employment in state factories for women, and how socialist products were sold for Western markets in the 1970s and 1980s. The second account is of a former Romanian factory worker who after 1989 quit her job in Romania when state socialist factories were about to collapse and became a healthcare worker in Italy, for a larger salary and more stable employment. This second ethnographic example discusses migration for caregiver jobs in Italy as the transborder continuity of autonomy and employment practices that survived socialism. It is also a form of downward migration, where former state socialist professionals are paid as unskilled migrant workers. This article emphasizes the persistence of socialism in post-1989 practices and values embodied by people’s work habits not only in Eastern and Central Europe, but in unexpected places, such as southern Italy. This article applies the idea of “tactical socialism” as a strategy derived from a close analysis of work practices, with their positive accomplished effects, in contexts where jobs are distributed by the state and citizens feel protected.
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Gazzola, Michele, and Daniele Mazzacani. "Foreign language skills and employment status of European natives: evidence from Germany, Italy and Spain." Empirica 46, no. 4 (September 21, 2019): 713–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10663-019-09460-7.

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Abstract This article examines the relationship between foreign language skills and the employment status of natives in Germany, Italy and Spain. Using a probit model and data from Eurostat’s Adult Education Survey 2011, this article studies the conditional correlation between knowledge of English and French as foreign languages, and the probability of being employed, comparatively, for men and women. The results reveal that skills in English increase the probability of being employed for men in the three countries, respectively, by 3.4, 4.3 and 5.2%. Knowledge of English increases the probability of being employed for women in Germany and Italy—respectively, by 5.6 and 5.7%—but not in Spain. The results also show that very good skills are associated with a higher probability of being employed than sufficient or good skills. The conditional correlation between knowledge of English and employment status for men is larger in countries where skills in this language are less common among the population, and where the unemployment rate is higher. This is consistent with the fundamental economic concept of scarcity. Estimates for French are not statistically significant.
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Rubio, Sónia Parella. "Immigrant women in paid domestic service. The case of Spain and Italy." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 9, no. 3 (August 2003): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890300900310.

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In the familistic welfare state regimes of Italy and Spain, the resurgence in live-in domestic work and the demand for migrant domestic workers is stronger than in other European countries. Organising and regulating services in order to help with the burden of caring for one's family is not an important objective of social policy in southern European countries. It is taken for granted that the family (‘women') is the main provider of social protection. In the absence of policy decisions in this field, the increase in local women's labour market participation in recent decades has led to households recruiting non-EU immigrant women in order to help them balance the needs of their family with the demands of paid employment. These immigrants constitute an enormous supply of low-cost labour and there is a shortage of local female workers in paid domestic work.
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Morini, Cristina. "The Feminization of Labour in Cognitive Capitalism." Feminist Review 87, no. 1 (September 2007): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400367.

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The article starts with a definition of the concept feminization of labour. It aims to signal how, at both the Italian and the global level, precarity, together with certain qualitative characteristics historically present in female work, have become decisive factors for current productive processes, to the point of progressively transforming women into a strategic pool of labour. Since the early 1990s, Italy has seen a massive increase in the employment of women, within the wave of legislation that has introduced various flexible contracts – so-called atypical work. I show how cognitive capitalism tends to prioritize extracting value from relational and emotional elements, which are more likely to be part of women's experiential baggage. The results of a study conducted in November 2006 among freelance workers of the Rizzoli Corriere della sera group, the largest publishing group in Italy, will be used to show how women are able to move more easily on the shifting sands of precarity, within the context of cognitive work.
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Zannella, Marina, Antonella Guarneri, and Cinzia Castagnaro. "Leaving and Losing a Job After Childbearing in Italy: A Comparison Between 2005 and 2012." Review of European Studies 11, no. 4 (September 16, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n4p1.

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This article builds on microdata from the Birth Sample Survey (BSS) carried out by Istat in 2005 and 2012 in order to analyse changes in the occupational status of mothers of young children. We aim in particular to broaden the understanding of the individual and contextual characteristics that can affect the probability of women who were employed during pregnancy of not returning to work in the two years following the child’s birth. The study contributes to existing literature on mothers’ employment in two main ways. First, we take into consideration the different nature - voluntary or involuntary – of the motivations for not returning to work. Second, we attempt to evaluate whether the likelihood of Italian mothers to leave or lose their jobs and the factors affecting these probabilities changed between 2005 and 2012. Our results confirm human capital investments and job characteristics to be among the main determinants of women’s employment continuity after childbearing. The probability of losing a job increased significantly for mothers in 2012 compared to 2005, probably as a result of the deterioration of labour market conditions during the recession years. Conversely, the probability of leaving a job was not statistically significantly related to the year; family characteristics - the presence of a couple and features of the partner’s job - were key factors in women’s deciding not to return to work after childbearing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women – Employment – Italy"

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Pattaro, Serena. "Women's employment instability and fertility dynamics : cross-cohort changes in Italy and Sweden." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711737.

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Rossi, Alessandro. "Workers, Mothers: Women! : The correlation between fertility and female employment in Italy." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77610.

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This study focuses on the difference between northern and southern Italy concering the correlation between total fertility rate (TFR) and female employment rate (FER) using pronvicial-level data. Theories demonstrate that the correlation can either be negative or positive, although it has been showed in the past decades that this correlation between nations is positive throughout the developed countries. This phenomenon has been descripted by van de Kaa (2002) and Lesthaeghe (2010) as the second demographic transition. With regards of Italy, previous studies focusing on the country’s 20 regions have also found a positive correlation (Rondinelli and Zizza 2010). Furthermore, the Italian context is explained with special regards towards the deep cultural and socio-economical differences between northern and southern Italy. The divide is confirmed by statistical data. Furthermore, a regression analysis controls the correlation between TFR and FER against relevant variables and finds surprisingly a positive correlation in the north and a negative correlation in the south, where a fertility postponement mechanism is present. Conservative gender roles and economic underdevelopment can be seen as the cause of this divide, although there are signs of change.
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SOLERA, Cristina. "Women's employment over the life course : changes across cohorts in Italy and Great Britain." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5387.

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Examining board: Prof. Richard Breen (Nuffield College, Oxford, and foremr EUI, Supervisor) ; Prof.Chaira Saraceno (Università degli Studi di Torino, Co-supervisor) ; Prof. Colin Crouch (Warwick Business School and EUI) ; Prof. Antonio Schizzerotto (Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca)
Defence date: 15 April 2005
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Over the last fifty years women's employment has increased markedly throughout developed countries. Women of younger generations are much more likely than their mothers and grandmothers to enter the labour market and stay in it after they marry and have children. Are these changes due only to changes in women's investments and preferences, or also to the opportunities and constraints within which women form their choices? Have women with higher and lower educational and occupational profiles combined family responsibilities with paid work differently? And have their divisions changed? With an innovative approach, this dissertation compares Italy and Great Britain, investigating transformations in women's transitions in and out of paid work across four subsequent birth cohorts, from the time they leave full-time education up to their 40s. It provides a comprehensive discussion of demographic, economic and sociological theories and contains large amounts of information on changes over time in the two countries, both in women's work histories and in the economic, institutional and cultural context in which they are embedded. By comparing across both space and time, the book makes it possible to see how different institutional and normative configurations shape women's life courses, contributing to help or hinder the work-family reconciliation and to reduce or reinforce inequalities. Women in and Out of Paid Work will be valuable reading for students, academics, professionals, policy makers and anyone interested in women's studies, work-family reconciliation, gender and class inequalities, social policy and sociology.
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CURLI, Barbara. "Il lavoro femminile in Italia durante la prima guerra mondiale." Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5790.

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Defence date: 29 October 1993
Examining board: Prof. Peter Hertner (supervisor) ; Prof. Alan Milward ; Prof. Victoria de Grazia ; Prof. Olwen Hufton ; Prof. Raffaele Romanelli
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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BARTOLETTI, Gloria. "La discriminazione basata sul sesso nel campo del lavoro : Il diritto comunitario e la sua ricezione in Italia e nel Regno Unito." Doctoral thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4557.

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Ochoa, Fernández Esther. "Erwerbstätig oder Hausfrau?" Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0020-5F16-4.

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Im Laufe der 70er, 80er und 90er Jahre nahm die Frauenerwerbsbeteiligung in Europa zu bei gleichzeitiger Abnahme der Männerbeschäftigung. Jedoch, und trotz des Politikwan-dels in Richtung eines „adult worker model“, sind Frauen weiterhin von diskontinuierliche-ren Erwerbsbiographien betroffen als Männer. In meiner Dissertation gehe ich der Frage nach, welche Faktoren die Erwerbsdiskontinuität von Frauen in den 90er Jahren beeinflus-sen. Dabei wird der Übergang von der Erwerbstätigkeit in die Hausfrauentätigkeit in Westdeutschland, Italien und Spanien untersucht. In den 90er Jahren waren Westdeutschland und Italien in der Kinderbetreuung explizit fa-milialistische Wohlfahrtsstaaten, während Spanien implizit familialistisch war. Frauen wa-ren jedoch in Spanien und Italien kontinuierlicher erwerbstätig als in Westdeutschland. Anhand dieses Ländervergleiches wird in der Dissertation deutlich, dass die familienpoliti-schen Rahmenbedingungen einen Einfluss haben, jedoch nicht ausreichend zur Erklärung der Erwerbsdiskontinuität von Frauen sind. In beiden südeuropäischen Ländern hat eine hohe Bildung einen relativ starken negativen Effekt auf den Übergang in die Hausfrauentätigkeit, der nicht in Westdeutschland vorhan-den ist. Ebenfalls zeigt die Zugehörigkeit zu unterschiedlichen Berufsklassen in beiden südeuropäischen Ländern signifikante Effekte, die nicht in Westdeutschland zu finden sind. Aufgrund der statistischen Kontrolle des Einkommens können die Ergebnisse von Bildung und von der Berufsklasse nicht ausschließlich auf materielle Gegebenheiten zu-rückgeführt werden. Die Erwerbsdiskontinuität von Frauen wird durch Ressourcen, Oppor-tunitäten und Restriktionen beeinflusst, aber auch durch kulturelle und Identitätsprozesse, die mit der Zugehörigkeit zu einer bestimmten Klasse oder mit einem bestimmten Bil-dungsniveau verbunden sind. Dem Arbeitsmarkt kommt in Italien und Spanien ebenfalls eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Obwohl in allen drei Ländern befristete Arbeitsverhältnisse sowie die Erwerbstätigkeit in einem kleinen Unternehmen den Übergang von Frauen in die Hausfrauentätigkeit positiv beeinflussen, ist der Einfluss in Westdeutschland nicht so stark ausgeprägt wie in Italien und Spanien. Die Teilzeitarbeit beeinflusst ausschließlich in den beiden südeuropäischen Ländern positiv den Übergang. In Italien spielt die Beschäftigung im öffentlichen Sektor außerdem eine zentrale Rolle: sie beeinflusst negativ den Übergang in die Hausfrauentä-tigkeit. Die Analyse zeigt ebenfalls Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen allen drei Ländern. Die Episoden der Hausfrauentätigkeit beeinflussen in allen drei Ländern den Übergang in die Hausfrau-entätigkeit positiv. Sie gehören zum Lebenskonzept erwerbstätiger Frauen und weisen auf geltende traditionelle Wertvorstellungen bezüglich der Geschlechterrollen hin. Die Anwe-senheit eines Ehepartners zeigt ebenfalls in allen drei Ländern positive Effekte auf den Übergang, während das Erwerbseinkommen negativ den Übergang beeinflusst. Aufgrund der statistischen Kontrolle des Anteils des eigenen Einkommens am Haushaltseinkommen hat der positive Effekt der Anwesenheit eines Ehepartners weniger mit der Ressourcenver-teilung innerhalb des Haushalts als mit traditionellen Geschlechterrollen und Wertvorstel-lungen in der Ehepartnerschaft zu tun. Sowohl das Einkommen als auch die Episoden der Hausfrauentätigkeit zeigen in Westdeutschland stärkere Effekte als in Italien und Spanien. Diese Ergebnisse werden als Hinweis für die traditionellere Geschlechterrollenvorstellung westdeutscher erwerbstätiger Frauen als von erwerbstätigen italienischen und spanischen Frauen interpretiert. Dies wird durch eine deskriptive Analyse über die Einstellung er-werbstätiger Frauen bezüglich der Geschlechterrollen in allen drei Ländern bestätigt. In den drei Ländern wurde außerdem ein zusätzlicher Übergang untersucht. Während in Westdeutschland dem Übergang in die Hausfrauentätigkeit bei gleichzeitiger geringfügiger Erwerbstätigkeit eine wichtige Bedeutung zukommt, ist in Italien und in Spanien der Übergang in die arbeitslose Hausfrauentätigkeit von Bedeutung. In allen drei Ländern konnten unterschiedliche Ergebnisse festgestellt werden, je nachdem ob die Hausfrauentä-tigkeit mit einer Nicht-Erwerbstätigkeit, oder mit einer geringfügigen Erwerbstätigkeit in Westdeutschland beziehungsweise mit einer Arbeitslosigkeit in Italien und Spanien kom-biniert wird. Dies weist auf die Notwendigkeit einer präzisen Beschreibung der Hausfrau-entätigkeit hin.
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Books on the topic "Women – Employment – Italy"

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Daniela, Del Boca, and Repetto-Alaia Margherita 1936-, eds. Women's work, the family & social policy: Focus on Italy in a European perspective. New York: P. Lang, 2003.

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Women in and out of paid work: Changes across generations in Italy and Britain. Bristol, UK: Policy Press, 2009.

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Solera, Cristina. Women in and out of paid work: Changes across generations in Italy and Britain. Bristol, UK: Policy Press, 2009.

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Profeta, Paola. Women directors: The Italian way and beyond. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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The clockwork factory: Women and work in Fascist Italy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

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Boca, Daniela Del. Why are fertility and women's employment rates so low in Italy?: Lessons from France and the U.K. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.

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Gramsci, migration, and the representation of women's work in Italy and the U.S. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008.

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Mateos, Natalia Ribas. How Filipino immigrants in Italy send money back home: The role of informal cross-border money remittances in the global economy. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2012.

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1949-, Gabaccia Donna R., and Iacovetta Franca 1957-, eds. Women, gender, and transnational lives: Italian workers of the world. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002.

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Garuti, Susanna. Come le donne diventeranno libere: Socialismo ed emancipazione nel giornale della ferrarese Rina Melli, Eva (1901-1903). Bologna: Editrice Socialmente, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Women – Employment – Italy"

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Gaeta, Raffaele, Fiorenza Belussi, and Swasti Mitter. "Pronta Moda: The New Business Ventures for Women in Italy." In Computer-aided Manufacturing and Women’s Employment: The Clothing Industry in Four EC Countries, 103–6. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1837-4_7.

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"Case study 4.5 Women in hotels in Italy and the UK." In Employment Relations in the Hospitality and Tourism Industries, 118. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203644553-28.

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Maestripieri, Margarita. "So close, so far? Part-time employment and its effects on gender equality in Italy and Spain1." In Dualisation of Part-Time Work, 55–84. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348603.003.0003.

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This chapter analyses the cleavages among the insiders and outsiders of different groups of women in Italy and Spain with a particular focus on part-time employment. Given the prevalence of dualisation in Southern European labour markets, people employed in part-time work and non-standard employment are particularly vulnerable to precarious conditions. Only a minority of part-time contracts are voluntarily entered into by women. The authors argue that, in comparison with other European countries, part-time employment in Italy and Spain appears to be a form of implementing external labour market flexibility rather than an instrument created to ease work/family conflicts for women. Using an intersectional analytical approach, the authors show how the distribution of non-standard and involuntary part-time work is unequal among different groups of women, exposing young (in Italy) and low educated (in Spain) women in particular to deteriorated labour market conditions. The situation of disadvantage is magnified when there is a particular combination of lack of education, age and childcare requirements.
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Solera, Cristina. "The different Italian and British contexts: the link to women’s employment patterns." In Women in and out of paid workChanges across generations in Italy and Britain, 52–89. Policy Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781861349309.003.0003.

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Solera, Cristina. "Conceptualising influences on women’s employment transitions: from various sociological and economic theories towards an integrated approach." In Women in and out of paid workChanges across generations in Italy and Britain, 14–51. Policy Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781861349309.003.0002.

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