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1
Stella, Leonie C. "Trawling deeper seas: the gendered production of seafood in Western Australia." Thesis, Stella, Leonie C. (1998) Trawling deeper seas: the gendered production of seafood in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/346/.
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This thesis explores the sexual division of labour in three worksites associated with the Western Australian Fishing industry: fishers' households, a seafood processing company and fishing vessels. There has been no previous substantial study of the labour of women in Australian fishing industries.
My research has been primarily undertaken by interviewing women and men who work in the Western Australian fishing industry, and my findings are presented through a comparison with overseas literature relative to each site.
As I found, in the households of fishermen, women do unpaid and undervalued labour which includes servicing men and children; managing household finances and operating fishing enterprises. In seafood processing companies women are allocated the lowest paid and least rewarding work which is regarded as women's work. On-the factory floor issues of class, race/ ethnicity and gender intersect so that the majority of women employed in hands-on processing work are migrant women from a non-English speaking background. The majority of women who work at sea are cook/ deckhands who are confronted by a rigid sexual division of labour, and work in a hyper-masculine workplace.
The few other women who have found a niche which enables them to enjoy an outdoor lifestyle while they earn their own living, are those who work as autonomous independent small boat fishers. In each site there is evidence that women, individually and collectively, exercise some power in determining how and where they work, but they remain marginalised from the more lucrative sites of the industry, and have limited access to economic and social power.
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Stella, Leonie C. "Trawling Deeper Seas: the Gendered Production of Seafood in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 1998. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040913.155811.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the sexual division of labour in three worksites associated with the Western Australian Fishing industry: fishers' households, a seafood processing company and fishing vessels. There has been no previous substantial study of the labour of women in Australian fishing industries.
My research has been primarily undertaken by interviewing women and men who work in the Western Australian fishing industry, and my findings are presented through a comparison with overseas literature relative to each site.
As I found, in the households of fishermen, women do unpaid and undervalued labour which includes servicing men and children; managing household finances and operating fishing enterprises. In seafood processing companies women are allocated the lowest paid and least rewarding work which is regarded as "women's work". On-the factory floor issues of class, race/ ethnicity and gender intersect so that the majority of women employed in hands-on processing work are migrant women froma non-English speaking background. The majority of women who work at sea are cook/ deckhands who are confronted by a rigid sexual division of labour, and work in a hyper-masculine workplace.
The few other women who have found a niche which enables them to enjoy an outdoor lifestyle while they earn their own living, are those who work as autonomous independent small boat fishers. In each site there is evidence that women, individually and collectively, exercise some power in determining how and where they work, but they remain marginalised from the more lucrative sites of the industry, and have limited access to economic and social power.
3
Byrne, Margaret Mary, and University of Western Sydney. "Workplace meetings and the silencing of women : an investigation of women and men's different communication styles and how these influence perceptions of leadership capability within Australian organisations." THESIS_XXX_XXX_Byrne_M.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/667.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the distribution and function of talk in workplace meetings contributes to differential outcomes for women and men in Australian organisations. This study explores how patterns of male advantage and female disadvantage are reproduced in workplace meetings through the different communication styles which tend to be employed by men and women, and through the way that these different performances are judged. Workplace meetings emerge as a critical site where leadership potential is identified yet, it is argued, men and women do not meet as equals when they meet at work. The thesis includes an evaluation of the current literature on women's and men's communication styles, and the findings of the present study are discussed in terms of the extent to which they correlate with or diverge from existing views. The implications for social change are explored and recommendations provided for the consideration of organisations seeking to broaden the pool of talent from which future leaders are drawn.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
4
Stella, Leonie. "Trawling deeper seas : the gendered production of seafood in Western Australia /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 1998. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040913.155811.
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Hutchinson, Jacquie. "The effect of equal employment opportunity policies on the promotion of women to the position of school principal in the Western Australian government school system (1985-1991)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1992. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1136.
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The purpose of this study was to analyse and explain the effect of the introduction of equal employment opportunity policy on the Ministry of Education with reference to the promotion of women teachers to the position of principal during the period 1985 to 1991. This research represents a case study of the Western Australian government primary and secondary school system conducted through a review of relevant government and Ministry of Education policies, analysis of employment statistics and interviews with key policy actors. Four questions which directed the research sought a conceptual framework through which to analyse and explain events, policies and outcomes. The study claims that while there existed an expectation amongst women teachers that equal employment opportunity would increase the number of women principals by removing both the direct and indirect barriers that prevented their promotion, there is no evidence that this was ever the intention of either the Ministry of Education or the Western Australian State Labor government. The evidence from this study suggests that equal employment opportunity policies have continued the subordination of women in the State government school system by the subsuming of their interests by more powerful forces of an economic, administrative and political kind both internal and external to the State government school system. Whilst in the past the barriers to promotion for women were formal, direct and visible, the application of equal employment opportunity has created a cloak of invisibility to the forces that operate against the promotion of women within the State government school system. The implications of this study are firstly that unless there is some external intervention the numbers of women principals will continue to decline. Secondly until women teachers achieve political power, the likelihood of changing the current culture of the Western Australian government school system to ensure that women are promoted to the position of principal, is remote .
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Calvey, Jo. "Women's experiences of the workers' compensation system in Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/731.
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This was a phenomenological study undertaken to understand women's experience of the workers' compensation system. Eleven women were interviewed. They ranged in age from twenty-five to sixty-five years and represented diverse socio-economic and educational backgrounds. All women were from a non-indigenous background. The initial question to women was "Can you tell me what it is like to be involved in the workers' compensation system?" The narratives were analysed and interpreted using Hycner's (1985) phenomenological guidelines. Five core themes were found: negative versus positive/neutral experiences, the workplaces response and role in the process, women's experiences of payouts and tribunals, reasons why women may not claim workers' compensation, and the impact of the process on each women and their family(s). Acker's theory of 'gendered institutions' was used to understand why "many apparently gender-neutral processes are sites of gender production" (Acker, 1992b, p. 249). The experiences of the eleven women suggested that the workers' compensation system in Queensland is gendered; 'The women indicated that the workers compensation process was a disincentive to making a claim. WorkCover was viewed as siding with the employer, bureaucratic in nature and lacking values associated with empathy, sympathy and caring. Recommendations for improvements to the workers' compensation included: establish legal obligations and enforcement of occupational health and safety responsibilities to injured or ill workers; adoption of occupational health and safety values by employers; change the attitudes of employers (recognising women as breadwinners and workers are not disposable); a single case manager to advocate for injured or ill workers; recognition of mental and emotional consequences of an injury or illness provision of rehabilitation that recognises mental and emotional factors as well as the importance of family participation; greater involvement of employers and employees in the rehabilitation process; and finally, improved service delivery which involves consistency, ethics, clarity, (regarding the WorkCover process for injured workers and employers), accountability and involvement of all parties. The knowledge embedded in the interviews, expressed through core stories and themes, was essential to making women's voices visible and providing an insight into service delivery based on women's experiences and needs.
7
Dougherty, Joy. "The construction of gender relations and sexuality in the printing labour process." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995.
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This thesis examines the ways in which gender relations and sexuality are constructed in workplaces within the printing industry, in order to understand how the sexual division of labour - which keeps women workers concentrated in 'unskilled', low status jobs in the bindery, and largely excluded from the male dominated printing trades - is maintained and reproduced. This study focuses on four structures of gender relations in the workplace: sexual division of labour, discrimination, power and sexuality, and explores these structures on three levels:
structure, practice and subjectivity. The study analyses the printing labour process in terms of the theoretical issues of gender, sexuality and power from a feminist
historical materialist perspective. There is a focus on the dialectical relationship between structure and subjectivity which reproduces both gendered subjectivity and structures of inequality between women and men, through the mediation of social practices and discourses operating in the printing labour process. The research process incorporates a feminist philosophy of 'research with' rather
than 'research on', which suggests research methods that explore social relations in their everyday context. In order to explore the ways in which femininity, masculinity and sexuality are constructed, and the ways in which these
constructions reproduce the sexual division of labour, the daily social practices operating in five Brisbane printing firms were observed. Two of the five case studies are of large 'hi-tech' printing firms owned and managed by men; three are of small 'low tech' printing firms owned and managed by women. In each case, the methods used are participant observation, informal conversations with workers, informal group discussions, unstructured interviews with management and representatives from the union, employer organisation and industry training
council, and documentary analysis. An historical outline of women's participation in the Australian printing industry provides a context for the case studies.
The findings from the case studies indicate that little has changed in the patterns of gender relations observed in the printing industry historically, and over the fouryear
period of this study. In the two large firms of this study, a conventional sexual division of labour was maintained, women were marginalised, underrepresented, concentrated in low-paid and low status jobs, casualised, and
generally perceived by male workers and management as inferior workers. On the other hand, in the small firms, the sexual division of labour was disrupted to
varying degrees, women were central to the organisation of work and numerically dominant, women were spread across all the trades, were not casualised, and were valued as workers.
In theoretical terms, the findings support other researchers' explanations of how gender and sexuality are socially constructed in the workplace, highlighting the
role of the technology/masculinity link in defining the feminine as nontechnological, and thus contributing to the exclusion of women from technical jobs. In addition, the findings point to the significance of the dialectical
relationship between structure and subjectivity in reproducing the structures of inequality between women and men, and highlight how this relationship is mediated by practices and discourses operating in the printing labour process. The findings also add to the theorisation of the key role of women managers in achieving sex equality in organisations. In practice, based on the small number of printing firms in this study, it appears that small firms provide the most favourable environment for women, both as
employees and managers, in terms of access to non-traditional occupations,multiskilling, recognition of prior learning and informal training, job satisfaction,
autonomy and support.
8
Merkes, Monika, and monika@melbpc org au. "A longer working life for Australian women of the baby boom generation? � Women�s voices and the social policy implications of an ageing female workforce." La Trobe University. School of Public Health, 2003. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20051103.104704.
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With an increasing proportion of older people in the Australian population and increasing health and longevity, paid work after the age of 65 years may become an option or a necessity in the future. The focus of this research is on Australian women of the baby boom generation, their working futures, and the work-retirement decision. This is explored both from the viewpoint of women and from a social policy perspective. The research draws on Considine�s model of public policy, futures studies, and Beck�s concept of risk society. The research comprises three studies. Using focus group research, Study 1 explored the views of Australian women of the baby boom generation on work after the age of 65 years. Study 2 aimed to explore current thinking on the research topic in Australia and overseas. Computer-mediated communication involving an Internet website and four scenarios for the year 2020 were used for this study. Study 3 consists of the analysis of quantitative data from the Healthy Retirement Project, focusing on attitudes towards retirement, retirement plans, and the preferred and expected age of retirement. The importance of choice and a work � life balance emerged throughout the research. Women in high-status occupations were found to be more likely to be open to the option of continuing paid work beyond age 65 than women in low-status jobs. However, the women were equally likely to embrace future volunteering. The research findings suggest that policies for an ageing female workforce should be based on the values of inclusiveness, fairness, self-determination, and social justice, and address issues of workplace flexibility, equality in the workplace, recognition for unpaid community and caring work, opportunities for life-long learning, complexity and inequities of the superannuation system, and planning for retirement. Further, providing a guaranteed minimum income for all Australians should be explored as a viable alternative to the current social security system.
9
Thomson, Lisa, and FRANCISandLISA@bigpond com. "Clerical Workers, Enterprise Bargaining and Preference Theory: Choice & Constraint." La Trobe University. School of Social Sciences, 2004. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20050801.172053.
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This thesis is a case study about the choices and constraints faced by women clerical workers in a labour market where they have very little autonomy in negotiating their pay and conditions of employment. On the one hand, clerical work has developed as a feminised occupation with a history of being low in status and low paid. On the other hand, it is an ideal occupation for women wanting to combine work and family across their life cycle. How these two phenomena impact upon women clerical workers ability to negotiate enterprise agreements is the subject of this thesis.
From a theoretical perspective this thesis builds upon Catherine Hakim�s preference theory which explores the choices women clerical workers� make in relation to their work and family lives. Where Hakim�s preference theory focuses on the way in which women use their agency to determine their work and life style choices, this thesis gives equal weighting to the impact of agency and the constraints imposed by external structures such as the availability of part-time work and childcare, as well as the impact of organisational culture.
The research data presented was based on face-to-face interviews with forty female clerical workers. The clerical workers ranged in age from 21 to 59 years of age. The respondents were made up of single or partnered women without family responsibilities, women juggling work and family, and women who no longer had dependent children and were approaching retirement. This thesis contends that these clerical workers are ill placed to optimise their conditions of employment under the new industrial regime of enterprise bargaining and individual contracts. Very few of the women were union members and generally they were uninformed about their rights and entitlements.
10
Clarsen, Georgine. "The vote on wheels : Australian women and motoring, 1915-1945 /." Connect to thesis, 1997. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000649.
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Raymond, Melanie. "Labour pains : working class women in employment, unions and the Labor party in Victoria, 1888-1914 /." Connect to thesis, 1987. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000326.
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Forrester, Trina K. "Intimate Partner Violence Predictors in an International Context: An Analysis of the International Violence against Women Survey." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19915.
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Using the International Violence Against Women Survey (IVAWS), this paper identifies factors contributing to women’s individual risk of being victimized by their current intimate partner. Additionally, this analysis examines the overlap of physical and sexual violence within intimate relationships. Past research into IPV has identified a numerous predictor variables. Adapting nine such variables (controlling behaviours, male heavy drinking, female only income, female past marriage, female past IPV, respondents’ age, relationship duration, relationship status and violence outside the home) to the IVAWS dataset, a framework identifying risk patterns for physical and sexual violence was developed. The results identify a number of variables that performed as expected and increased a women’s risk of being a victim of IPV; however, some variables decreased women’s risk and therefore acted as protective factors. These findings suggest that IPV at the country level is more complex and requires additional research to fully explain the variation observed.
13
Durie, Saines Deborah, and n/a. "Factors influencing the success of women in educational administration in the Australian Capital Territory." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.162348.
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The role of women has become a central issue in educational debate because
of the discrepancy between their representation at the administrative and
policy level and their representation at the classroom level. This study
identified the factors which aid the success of women in educational
administration. By using structured interviews and response analysis the study
identifies major facilitaters and barriers to success. The literature review
surveys the position of women in educational administration. The study
provides information that is crucial to aspiring female educators in individual
career planning and is essential to systems in the promotion of Equal Employment Opportunities. Research was undertaken in the Australian
Capital Territory and involved Government and Non Government systems.
14
Gool, Sophia Katherine Louise. "Voices still to be heard : career aspirations and expectations of young indigenous women." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36531/1/36531_Gool_1997.pdf.
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This thesis reports on an exploration of the career aspirations and expectations of twelve
female Aboriginal high school students in two different localities. It considers how cultural
identity, racism, schooling, family relationships and employment opportunities influence these
students' hopes and ideas. Aboriginal culture gives a prominent position to the Elders in the
community and therefore this study also includes their views and the expectations they have for
their young people.
The research was carried out through a series of interviews. Throughout this study there
is an emphasis on the importance of the participants own words and expressions, therefore it
includes several quotes to capture their ideas rather than to impose too many interpretations. The
participants views were structured within the systems theory framework. This framework was
flexible and comprehensive enough to allow the students the option to place an emphasis on
whichever areas or influences they felt were the most powerful for them. The family became the
most prominent influence.
The outcome of this research drew attention to the following issues. There was
considerable difference between the two localities and this emphasised the danger in forming
generalisations about Aboriginal people. The study also registered the impact of racism upon the
students' self perceptions and expectations. Cultural characteristics such as a respect for Elders
and a sense of community belonging dominated over concepts of individuality and autonomy.
However the participants frequently expressed initiative as well as an awareness of the difference
between the Aboriginal and White cultures, and they were often able to deal with this duality
constructively when they considered their aspirations.
It is recommended that practitioners in the field of careers and counselling should be
sensitive to the issues raised in the thesis which can place particular pressure on young
Aboriginal clients. Counsellors need to have a good understanding of Aboriginal history over the
last two centuries as well as the impact of racism which can permeate the institutions of
education and employment.
( The term 'Aboriginal' is used here in its generic sense to include Torres Strait Islanders. )
15
Byrne, Margaret. "Workplace meetings and the silencing of women an investigation of women and men's different communication styles and how these influence perceptions of leadership capability within Australian organisations /." View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050616.113420/index.html.
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Martin, Yew May. "The economic survival of indigenous mothers in a changing labour market." Phd thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147199.
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Shadbolt, Bruce. "Health, social roles and the life course : a study of Australian women born between 1926 and 1966." Phd thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130333.
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This study investigated the relationships between Aush-alian women's social-role and
health careers. Most previous studies have used current-status measures of role
participation. It is a premise of this stiidy that these current-statiis indicators are
unsatisfactory because they poorly reflect social-role careers. As an alternative, this
study adopted a life-course approach where early-adulthood social-role structures are
thought to govern \he rest of the life course by conditioning the types of experience
that people are likely to encounter, suggesting that there is a sti-ong emphasis on
widespread patterns of maintenance and equilibrium that continuously convert
circumstances from early to later life-course phases.
The analysis primarily used Australian Family Project (AFP) data collected in 1986-87
combined with follow-up data gathered in 1990 from women who were living in
Sydney at the time of the first survey (n=291). Where possible a supporting analysis
was carried out using AFP data for metropolitan Australia (n=1678). Respondents
were aged between 20 and 59 years at the baseline. The health indicators of the study
include histories of self-reported serious chronic disease, psychological distress (GHQ)
and self-rated health. Social-role careers were reconstructed from recalled
event-history data starting at exact age 20 years. The main results indicate that early-adulthood social-role careers are significantly
related to subsequent social and health statuses. Regardless of cohort, women who
experienced varied role combinations between the ages 20 and 29 years, in particular
those spending most of this time not employed, tended to have a lower risk of chronic
disease over the subsequent course of their lives than women who followed more
uniform careers, especially those who spent most of their 20s employed while rearing
children. Variability in women's social careers after age 30 years had little effect on
chronic disease risk for the majority of early-adulthood groups, although women who
delayed marriage and a 'traditional' career (not employed, married with children) until
late in early adulthood substantially increased their risk of disease. In relation to
psychological distress and self-rated health, women bom between 1946 and 1956 who
followed a traditional career during most of their 20s tended to have higher levels of
psychological distress and to rate their health worse at the time of the Follow-up
Survey than their non-traditional counterparts. On the other hand, older women who
spent most of their 20s in a traditional career tended to have the best mental health,
while those who had three or more children rated their health the best.
It was also found that chronic disease significantly affects role participation.
Respondents who developed a long-standing chronic condition early in life were more
likely to have had fewer children, and to have been separated, divorced or widowed With regard to employment, the effects are more complex: for older women (born
1926-46), the influence of chronic disease changes over the life course. At young ages
those with a childhood chronic disease were more likely to have been continually
employed while 'healthy' women were selected out of the work force to start a family.
In contrast, middle age saw those with chronic disease more likely either to remain out
of the labour force or leave it. The younger cohort (bom 1946-66) showed a 'healthy
worker' effect much earlier than the older cohort: those who had a chronic disease
were more likely to have remained out of the work force or experienced multiple
employment-status transitions.
In conclusion, the present study has offered an innovative approach to examining the
relationships between social-role and health careers. The findings have provided
support for the notion that early-adulthood social-role careers for women are
important determinants of their subsequent health status; and that social selection
occurs at most stages of the life course and is probably influenced by social and
economic changes. Such findings have far-reaching implications in terms of
government policies, suggesting that governments look beyond the socio-economically
disadvantaged to broader indicators of women's social careers. In relation to research,
advancing technology, and larger and more comprehensive longitudinal data sets will
enable other life-course studies to bring us closer to understanding why and how
social forces are associated with the health status of people.
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Haque, Rowshan Ara. "An economic analysis of employment conditions of non-English speaking migrant women in Australia." Thesis, 2005. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15603/.
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This thesis provides an empirical investigation of the employment status of Non-English-Speaking Background (NESB) and Australia-born women. The analysis adds to the work of Australian authors who have found that NESB women are underrepresented in occupations that have relatively high pay and congenial working conditions, and are over-represented amongst the unemployed. This study develops a
definition of primary sector employment from the occupation categories in the 1996 Census, and uses the ANU2 occupational prestige scale and earnings data from the
Census.
19
Joyce, Robin Rosemary. "Women's labour : women's power? : women in the Western Australian labour movement from the early 1900s to the Depression." Master's thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147157.
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Bretherton, Tanya Robyn. "Managerial women and enterprise bargaining : the role of narrative identities in preference formation." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151712.
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Nolan, Melanie. "Uniformity and diversity : a case study of female shop and office workers in Victoria, 1880 to 1939." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131302.
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Paid shop and office work in Victoria feminized between 1880 and 1939. The
majority of workers were men in 1880 while the majority were women by
1939. But female labour did not simply replace male labour. There were
changes within the sexual divisions as much as between them. While gender
did divide the labour market, it was not the only division. As various groups of
women were progressively employed in the shop and office sector, the jobs
they performed were recast. At the same time, different groups of men were
recruited and the nature of the jobs they filled changed. The feminization
process involved transformations in work and workers.
The theories usually employed to describe and explain feminization cannot
adequately account for these developments in Victoria. They emphasize the
uniformity of female labour. This thesis questions such homogenization
theories as proletarianization, patriarchal state structuralism, reserve army of
labour, and scientific management. It points to differentiation along many
axes as changes in recruits' marital status, age and socio-educational
backgrounds are examined. At the same time, I argue that while
transformation in workers has been overlooked, transformation in work has
been exaggerated. Most shop and office workers in Victoria in 1939 worked
in small workplaces not dissimilar to the 1880s. The polarization of
workplaces is another aspect of diversity. In brief, I have studied the
processes which segmented, not unified, the retail and clerical workforces.
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Kee, Hiau Joo. "Empirical essays on women in the labour force, fertility and education." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150790.
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Deacon, Desley. "The naturalisation of dependence : the state, the new middle class and women workers 1830-1930." Phd thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130332.
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This thesis challenges current neo-Marxist, feminist and neo-Weberian theories of
the state which ignore or underestimate the role of state bureaucrats in the construction
of state institutions and the formulation and implementation of state policies. Drawing
on theories of the new middle class and intellectuals which emphasise the potential of
educated workers for autonomous and united action, the thesis examines the role of
public servants, doctors and lawyers in determining the form of the New South Wales
state and some of its major institutions and policies between 1830 and 1930.
The thesis focuses in particular on the influence of new middle class men on state
labour market and family policies concerning women. Using the New South Wales
public service as a case study, it explores aspects of the development of the new middle
class during this period, and documents the strategies by which three groups within this
class - male public servants, doctors and lawyers - attempted to extend and control their
labour markets through the agency of the state, and the effect of those strategies on educated
women workers.
The study finds a contrast between an early period of relative tolerance of labour
market competition from women and a later period of exclusion, domination and marginalisation
in which women were confined to a secondary labour market. It relates
these changes to variations in the labour market conditions and political power of new
middle class men and women. Arguing that the economic and political conditions of the
period after 1882 gave new middle class men the motivation and power to use the coercive
and ideological resources of the state to protect their own labour market position, it
shows, through a study of the interpretation of occupational statistics, public personnel
policies, the infant welfare program and the arbitration system, how new middle class
men contributed to the intensification of gender differentiation, the exclusion of women
from the primary labour market, and to the institutionalisation of dependence as the
natural status of women.
24
Edwards, Janet Kay. "Policing and practising subjectivities poor and working class young women and girls and Australian government mutual obligations policies." 2004. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/24987.
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Australian government Mutual Obligations welfare policies, key features of contemporary Australian welfare reforms are the focus of this study. The subjectivities of poor and working class young women and girls and the subject positions made available to them through Mutual Obligations policies are focal points. A key concern is, 'How do Mutual Obligations policies, their texts, discourses and implementation strategies construct the subjectivities of Australian poor and working class young women and girls?' This study asks what subject positions are made available by the policy, how policy discourses are taken up and enacted by policy subjects, and enquires after the lived effects of government policies.thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2004.
25
Tan, Michelle. "An analysis of economic problems related to social policy issues in Australia." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150111.
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Majeed, Tazeen. "Workforce participation patterns over the life course and the association with chronic diseases – a gendered approach." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1311933.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)‘Population ageing’ raises many challenges for governments, such as continued and prolonged workforce participation of men and women over their life course. This research aimed to i) identify and compare workforce participation patterns of men and women over the life course; ii) investigate the associations between workforce participation patterns, early life factors and adult life factors over the life course; iii) explore longitudinal associations between chronic diseases and workforce patterns, while considering the influence of various health and socio-demographic factors. Three different data sources – the ‘45 and Up Study’, the Australian ‘Life History and Health Survey’ and the ‘Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health’ were used. Latent class analysis (LCA), LCA with classify-analyse approach, logistic regression and multinomial regression were used in five different studies to identify and explore patterns of workforce participation and its different associations over the life course, with a gendered perspective. Findings from the studies indicate that workforce participation patterns over the life course are very different for men and women. While men were found to be mostly engaged in full time paid work, women were more likely to work part time. Also, many men may decrease work after age 55, and many women had lower workforce participation over the life course. The work patterns of young women without children were very similar to men – majority working full time. Chronic diseases (diabetes, asthma, depression and arthritis) and other early and adult life factors were associated with work patterns. However, these associations varied by gender and also dependent on how men and women responded to their long term health issues and various circumstances affecting them over the life course. Therefore, it is important to consider the role of gender in shaping workforce patterns and their association with chronic diseases over the life course.
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Conway, Judith (Jude). "The Newcastle women’s movement in the 1970s and 1980s through the lens of Josephine Conway’s activism and archives." Thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1430745.
Full textAbstract:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)From the late 1960s, women in the Australian industrial city of Newcastle, New South Wales (NSW), joined women around the world in agitating for a broader role in all areas of society and Josephine Conway was one of those women. Josephine raised awareness of, and campaigned on, many of the feminist causes of the 1970s and 1980s. She was passionate about women’s healthcare, protested against women’s objectification in the media, and lobbied for legislation that offered legal parity for women. She fought never-ending battles for the right to legal and affordable pregnancy terminations; and campaigned for equal employment opportunities and the provision of childcare services. Josephine supported women’s activism in the peace movement and for women’s ordination; and was involved in the blossoming of feminist spirituality and creativity in Newcastle. Using Josephine’s extensive archives as a lens, supplemented with oral histories from campaign allies, the thesis explores their pathways to feminism and shared activism. It dissects the women’s groups which Josephine joined, and the modes of operation and relationships within them, as well as the actions that were carried out in pursuing their feminist causes. The themes that emerge are, first that Josephine’s role in the women’s movement was that of the ‘committed individual’ posited by Gerda Lerner as necessary for social change. Second, the thesis demonstrates the wide range and value of the macro and micro-actions undertaken by Josephine and her cohorts in mounting and maintaining effective campaigns. Third, this study reveals the web of relationships and the flow of ideas, tactics and artefacts along transnational and national feminist pathways, and between the capital cities and the regions, which were essential for bringing about nationwide change. In doing so it reveals an important regional story which has not previously been included in histories of the Australian women’s movement.