Relevant bibliographies by topics / Women Employment Australia

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Women Employment Australia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Women Employment Australia"

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Hall, Richard, Bill Harley, and Gillian Whitehouse. "Contingent Work and Gender in Australia: Evidence from the 1995 Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey." Economic and Labour Relations Review 9, no. 1 (June 1998): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469800900103.

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The decreasing prevalence of the standard model of employment embodied by the ‘typical male full-time employee on a permanent contract’ can be seen both as risking the erosion of hard won labour rights and as offering the potential for a more flexible, less ‘male’ model. This paper addresses some of the ways in which this tension is played out, drawing on data from the 1995 Australian Workplace Industrial Relations (AWIRS95) Employee Survey to examine the implications for women workers of recent trends in contingent employment in Australia. Our analysis suggests that the growth in contingent employment in Australia has had little positive impact on women's experience of work. We conclude that if the disadvantage faced by women in irregular employment is to be countered, greater regulation of such employment is required. However, key features of the Workplace
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Prenzler, Tim. "Equal Employment Opportunity and Policewomen in Australia*." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 28, no. 3 (December 1995): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589502800302.

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Limited statistics make for difficulties in producing a clear picture of the impact of equal employment opportunity policies in Australian police services. Available figures indicate that pre-entry physical ability tests are a significant source of attrition of aspiring policewomen. Women also appear to be disproportionately more likely to separate as a result of maternal obligations, and report higher incidents of sexual harassment and sex discrimination in promotion and deployment. Considering the historical marginalisation of women in policing, Australian police services have made large steps forward in reducing discrimination in a relatively short period of time. Improvements can nonetheless be made in making policing a more viable career option for women, and recruiting appears to be the main area where proactive measures are needed.
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Bryson, Lois. "The Women's Health Australia Project and Policy Development." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 3 (1998): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98031.

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The Women's Health Australia (WHA) project plans to follow the health of a national sample of around 42,000 women who, in 1996, were in the age cohorts 18-22, 45-49 and 70-74. The multi-disciplinary research team adopts a social approach to health, focuses on biological, psychological, social and lifestyle factors and their relationship to physical health and emotional wellbeing, and is examining the use of, and satisfaction with, health care services. Base-line survey data highlight diversity and the need for health policy to tailor communications to the different age groups. In terms of general wellbeing and service appropriateness, the young are the most problematic, the mid cohort next, while older women indicate fewest problems. Young women experience the highest levels of stress, often suffer from tiredness and are over-concerned with their weight and shape. They are also most dissatisfied with GP services. Issues of employment and health are also central. In general employment is associated with good health, but strains are evident when there are family commitments. As employment becomes increasingly normalised for women, health policy must be mindful of these effects and the significant difficulties faced by a small group of women whose health precludes employment.
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Hahn, Markus H., Duncan McVicar, and Mark Wooden. "Is casual employment in Australia bad for workers’ health?" Occupational and Environmental Medicine 78, no. 1 (October 8, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106568.

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ObjectivesThis paper assessed the impact of working in casual employment, compared with permanent employment, on eight health attributes that make up the 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey, separately by sex. The mental health impacts of casual jobs with irregular hours over which the worker reports limited control were also investigated.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, over the period 2001–2018, were used to investigate the relationship between the eight SF-36 subscales and workers’ employment contract type. Individual, household and job characteristic confounders were included in dynamic panel data regression models with correlated random effects.ResultsFor both men and women, health outcomes for casual workers were no worse than for permanent workers for any of the eight SF-36 health attributes. For some health attributes, scores for casual workers were higher (ie, better) than for permanent workers (role physical: men: β=1.15, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.20, women: β=1.79, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.80; bodily pain: women: β=0.90, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.54; vitality: women: β=0.65, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.18; social functioning: men: β=1.00, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.73); role emotional: men: β=1.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.89, women: β=1.24, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.24). Among women (but not men), mental health and role emotional scores were lower for irregular casual workers than for regular permanent workers but not statistically significantly so.ConclusionsThis study found no evidence that casual employment in Australia is detrimental to self-assessed worker health.
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McDonald, Peter, and Helen Moyle. "The cessation of rising employment rates at older ages in Australia, 2000-2019." Australian Population Studies 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v4i1.61.

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Background In the first decade of the 21st century, employment at older ages surged in Australia, benefitting the Australian economy. Subsequent to 2010, however, employment rates at older ages ceased rising for older men and the increases were much more moderate for women. Aim The aim of this paper is to examine these older-age employment trends in more detail, particularly the association between older-age employment trends and the business cycle. Some attention is also given to alternative explanations related to changes in the characteristics of the population and industrial structure. Data and methods Two main data sources are used: published tables from the monthly Australian Bureau of Statistics Labour Force Surveys and the Australian censuses for the years 2006, 2011 and 2016. The methods used are primarily descriptive. Results Strong labour demand in the first decade of the 21st century stimulated the entry to employment of those out of the labour force, especially at ages 45-54 and especially for men. A cooling of labour demand following the global financial crisis terminated this process in the second decade. There were strong associations between older age employment and various socio-economic characteristics, but, in general, changes in the composition of the population or in the rates of employment by these characteristics did not contribute to the cessation of rising employment after 2010. Conclusions Employment rates at older ages in Australia in the first two decades of the 21st century were the results of shifts in labour demand before and after the global financial crisis. Policy related to the taxation of superannuation also induced workers with adequate superannuation, especially public sector workers, to continue working to at least age 60.
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Whitehead, Kay. "Australian women educators’ internal exile and banishment in a centralised patriarchal state school system." Historia y Memoria de la Educación, no. 17 (December 18, 2022): 255–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.33121.

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This article explores Australian women teachers’ struggles for equality with men from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. While Australia purported to be a progressive democratic nation, centralised patriarchal state school systems relied on women teachers to fulfil the requirements of free, compulsory and secular schooling. This study focuses on the state of South Australia where women were enfranchised in 1894, far ahead of European countries. However, women teachers were subjected to internal exile in the state school system, and banished by the marriage bar. The article begins with the construction of the South Australian state school system in the late nineteenth century. The enforcement of the marriage bar created a differentiated profession of many young single women who taught prior to marriage; a few married women who required an income; and a cohort of senior single women who made teaching a life-long career and contested other forms of subordination to which all women teachers were subject. Led by the latter group, South Australian women teachers pursued equality in early twentieth century mixed teachers unions and post-suffrage women’s organisations; and established the Women Teachers Guild in 1937 to secure more equal conditions of employment. The paper concludes with the situation after World War Two when married women were re admitted to the state school system to resolve teacher shortages; and campaigns for equal pay gathered momentum. In South Australia, the marriage bar was eventually removed in 1972.
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Still, Leonie. "Women in management: A personal retrospective." Journal of Management & Organization 15, no. 5 (November 2009): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200002406.

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The status of women in employment in general and in management in particular has interested researchers in Australia since the mid-1970s, although interest in women's industrial and occupational employment segregation and pay inequality has an even longer history. However, this overview concentrates on developments in the ‘women in management’ field since the 1970s, primarily because of the concerted and concentrated efforts to raise the employment status of women since that time.The overview also concentrates on the Australian experience, in an attempt to determine if ‘the more things change the more they remain the same’ or if actual change and progress has been made. My credentials for undertaking this retrospective are that I have been researching in the women in management area since the early 1980s and have tracked the main changes, influences and dimensions since that time. Readers who are expecting a critique of the impact of feminism and other ideologies in the area will be disappointed. My research perspective is, and always has been, managerial and organizational. I will thus not be mentioning a whole raft of substantive thinkers and researchers from other perspectives who have contributed to this area over the years. To assist the process of review, I have divided developments into a number of eras to illustrate the progression of both policy and research over the various periods.
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Still, Leonie. "Women in management: A personal retrospective." Journal of Management & Organization 15, no. 5 (November 2009): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.15.5.555.

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The status of women in employment in general and in management in particular has interested researchers in Australia since the mid-1970s, although interest in women's industrial and occupational employment segregation and pay inequality has an even longer history. However, this overview concentrates on developments in the ‘women in management’ field since the 1970s, primarily because of the concerted and concentrated efforts to raise the employment status of women since that time.The overview also concentrates on the Australian experience, in an attempt to determine if ‘the more things change the more they remain the same’ or if actual change and progress has been made. My credentials for undertaking this retrospective are that I have been researching in the women in management area since the early 1980s and have tracked the main changes, influences and dimensions since that time. Readers who are expecting a critique of the impact of feminism and other ideologies in the area will be disappointed. My research perspective is, and always has been, managerial and organizational. I will thus not be mentioning a whole raft of substantive thinkers and researchers from other perspectives who have contributed to this area over the years. To assist the process of review, I have divided developments into a number of eras to illustrate the progression of both policy and research over the various periods.
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Redmond, Janice, Elizabeth Anne Walker, and Jacquie Hutchinson. "Self-employment: is it a long-term financial strategy for women?" Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 36, no. 4 (May 15, 2017): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-10-2016-0078.

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Purpose Becoming self-employed has appeal to both genders. For many women, balancing work and family is a key motivator. However, businesses owned and operated by women are often very small, with limited turnover. This potentially can have disastrous consequences when these women come to retire, unless a solid retirement savings strategy has been considered. The purpose of this paper is to outline many of the issues and implications of a lack of research in this area. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 201 small business owners via a convenience sample derived from various databases. The survey was completed on-line and analysed using SPSS. Findings Many self-employed women in Australia have neither enough savings for their retirement, or an actual retirement plan. This is exacerbated by the lack of regulation requiring mandatory contributions into a superannuation (personal pension) fund by small business owners, unlike pay as you go employees, whose employers must contribute a certain about on their behalf. Social implications Middle-to-older aged women are the biggest cohort of homeless people in Australia. This is likely to grow as self-employed Baby Boomers stop working and find they do not have sufficient personal financial resources to fund their retirement. Originality/value Whereas there is much written about gender and small business ownership, as well as retirement and savings planning, these two areas have not been researched before in Australia. Yet it is an issue for the majority of small business owners, particularly women.
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Darian-Smith, Kate. "The ‘girls’: women press photographers and the representation of women in Australian newspapers." Media International Australia 161, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16665002.

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In 1975, Fairfax News commemorated International Women’s Year by appointing Lorrie Graham as its first female cadet photographer. Women only joined the photographic staff of newspapers in significant numbers from the 1980s and were more likely to be employed on regional newspapers than the metropolitan dailies. This article draws on interviews with male and female press photographers collected for the National Library of Australia’s oral history programme. It provides an overview of the history of women press photographers in Australia, situating their working lives within an overtly masculine newspaper culture where gender inequity was entrenched. It also examines the gendered and evolving photographic representations of women in the Australian press, including those of women in positions of social and political leadership. Although women press photographers have achieved greater recognition in the 2000s, the transformation of the media industry has impacted the working practices and employment of press photographers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women Employment Australia"

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Stella, Leonie C. "Trawling deeper seas: the gendered production of seafood in Western Australia." Thesis, Stella, Leonie C. (1998) Trawling deeper seas: the gendered production of seafood in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/346/.

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This thesis explores the sexual division of labour in three worksites associated with the Western Australian Fishing industry: fishers' households, a seafood processing company and fishing vessels. There has been no previous substantial study of the labour of women in Australian fishing industries. My research has been primarily undertaken by interviewing women and men who work in the Western Australian fishing industry, and my findings are presented through a comparison with overseas literature relative to each site. As I found, in the households of fishermen, women do unpaid and undervalued labour which includes servicing men and children; managing household finances and operating fishing enterprises. In seafood processing companies women are allocated the lowest paid and least rewarding work which is regarded as women's work. On-the factory floor issues of class, race/ ethnicity and gender intersect so that the majority of women employed in hands-on processing work are migrant women from a non-English speaking background. The majority of women who work at sea are cook/ deckhands who are confronted by a rigid sexual division of labour, and work in a hyper-masculine workplace. The few other women who have found a niche which enables them to enjoy an outdoor lifestyle while they earn their own living, are those who work as autonomous independent small boat fishers. In each site there is evidence that women, individually and collectively, exercise some power in determining how and where they work, but they remain marginalised from the more lucrative sites of the industry, and have limited access to economic and social power.
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Stella, Leonie C. "Trawling Deeper Seas: the Gendered Production of Seafood in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 1998. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040913.155811.

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This thesis explores the sexual division of labour in three worksites associated with the Western Australian Fishing industry: fishers' households, a seafood processing company and fishing vessels. There has been no previous substantial study of the labour of women in Australian fishing industries. My research has been primarily undertaken by interviewing women and men who work in the Western Australian fishing industry, and my findings are presented through a comparison with overseas literature relative to each site. As I found, in the households of fishermen, women do unpaid and undervalued labour which includes servicing men and children; managing household finances and operating fishing enterprises. In seafood processing companies women are allocated the lowest paid and least rewarding work which is regarded as "women's work". On-the factory floor issues of class, race/ ethnicity and gender intersect so that the majority of women employed in hands-on processing work are migrant women froma non-English speaking background. The majority of women who work at sea are cook/ deckhands who are confronted by a rigid sexual division of labour, and work in a hyper-masculine workplace. The few other women who have found a niche which enables them to enjoy an outdoor lifestyle while they earn their own living, are those who work as autonomous independent small boat fishers. In each site there is evidence that women, individually and collectively, exercise some power in determining how and where they work, but they remain marginalised from the more lucrative sites of the industry, and have limited access to economic and social power.
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Byrne, Margaret Mary, and University of Western Sydney. "Workplace meetings and the silencing of women : an investigation of women and men's different communication styles and how these influence perceptions of leadership capability within Australian organisations." THESIS_XXX_XXX_Byrne_M.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/667.

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the distribution and function of talk in workplace meetings contributes to differential outcomes for women and men in Australian organisations. This study explores how patterns of male advantage and female disadvantage are reproduced in workplace meetings through the different communication styles which tend to be employed by men and women, and through the way that these different performances are judged. Workplace meetings emerge as a critical site where leadership potential is identified yet, it is argued, men and women do not meet as equals when they meet at work. The thesis includes an evaluation of the current literature on women's and men's communication styles, and the findings of the present study are discussed in terms of the extent to which they correlate with or diverge from existing views. The implications for social change are explored and recommendations provided for the consideration of organisations seeking to broaden the pool of talent from which future leaders are drawn.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Stella, Leonie. "Trawling deeper seas : the gendered production of seafood in Western Australia /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 1998. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040913.155811.

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Hutchinson, Jacquie. "The effect of equal employment opportunity policies on the promotion of women to the position of school principal in the Western Australian government school system (1985-1991)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1992. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1136.

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The purpose of this study was to analyse and explain the effect of the introduction of equal employment opportunity policy on the Ministry of Education with reference to the promotion of women teachers to the position of principal during the period 1985 to 1991. This research represents a case study of the Western Australian government primary and secondary school system conducted through a review of relevant government and Ministry of Education policies, analysis of employment statistics and interviews with key policy actors. Four questions which directed the research sought a conceptual framework through which to analyse and explain events, policies and outcomes. The study claims that while there existed an expectation amongst women teachers that equal employment opportunity would increase the number of women principals by removing both the direct and indirect barriers that prevented their promotion, there is no evidence that this was ever the intention of either the Ministry of Education or the Western Australian State Labor government. The evidence from this study suggests that equal employment opportunity policies have continued the subordination of women in the State government school system by the subsuming of their interests by more powerful forces of an economic, administrative and political kind both internal and external to the State government school system. Whilst in the past the barriers to promotion for women were formal, direct and visible, the application of equal employment opportunity has created a cloak of invisibility to the forces that operate against the promotion of women within the State government school system. The implications of this study are firstly that unless there is some external intervention the numbers of women principals will continue to decline. Secondly until women teachers achieve political power, the likelihood of changing the current culture of the Western Australian government school system to ensure that women are promoted to the position of principal, is remote .
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Calvey, Jo. "Women's experiences of the workers' compensation system in Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/731.

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This was a phenomenological study undertaken to understand women's experience of the workers' compensation system. Eleven women were interviewed. They ranged in age from twenty-five to sixty-five years and represented diverse socio-economic and educational backgrounds. All women were from a non-indigenous background. The initial question to women was "Can you tell me what it is like to be involved in the workers' compensation system?" The narratives were analysed and interpreted using Hycner's (1985) phenomenological guidelines. Five core themes were found: negative versus positive/neutral experiences, the workplaces response and role in the process, women's experiences of payouts and tribunals, reasons why women may not claim workers' compensation, and the impact of the process on each women and their family(s). Acker's theory of 'gendered institutions' was used to understand why "many apparently gender-neutral processes are sites of gender production" (Acker, 1992b, p. 249). The experiences of the eleven women suggested that the workers' compensation system in Queensland is gendered; 'The women indicated that the workers compensation process was a disincentive to making a claim. WorkCover was viewed as siding with the employer, bureaucratic in nature and lacking values associated with empathy, sympathy and caring. Recommendations for improvements to the workers' compensation included: establish legal obligations and enforcement of occupational health and safety responsibilities to injured or ill workers; adoption of occupational health and safety values by employers; change the attitudes of employers (recognising women as breadwinners and workers are not disposable); a single case manager to advocate for injured or ill workers; recognition of mental and emotional consequences of an injury or illness provision of rehabilitation that recognises mental and emotional factors as well as the importance of family participation; greater involvement of employers and employees in the rehabilitation process; and finally, improved service delivery which involves consistency, ethics, clarity, (regarding the WorkCover process for injured workers and employers), accountability and involvement of all parties. The knowledge embedded in the interviews, expressed through core stories and themes, was essential to making women's voices visible and providing an insight into service delivery based on women's experiences and needs.
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Dougherty, Joy. "The construction of gender relations and sexuality in the printing labour process." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995.

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This thesis examines the ways in which gender relations and sexuality are constructed in workplaces within the printing industry, in order to understand how the sexual division of labour - which keeps women workers concentrated in 'unskilled', low status jobs in the bindery, and largely excluded from the male dominated printing trades - is maintained and reproduced. This study focuses on four structures of gender relations in the workplace: sexual division of labour, discrimination, power and sexuality, and explores these structures on three levels: structure, practice and subjectivity. The study analyses the printing labour process in terms of the theoretical issues of gender, sexuality and power from a feminist historical materialist perspective. There is a focus on the dialectical relationship between structure and subjectivity which reproduces both gendered subjectivity and structures of inequality between women and men, through the mediation of social practices and discourses operating in the printing labour process. The research process incorporates a feminist philosophy of 'research with' rather than 'research on', which suggests research methods that explore social relations in their everyday context. In order to explore the ways in which femininity, masculinity and sexuality are constructed, and the ways in which these constructions reproduce the sexual division of labour, the daily social practices operating in five Brisbane printing firms were observed. Two of the five case studies are of large 'hi-tech' printing firms owned and managed by men; three are of small 'low tech' printing firms owned and managed by women. In each case, the methods used are participant observation, informal conversations with workers, informal group discussions, unstructured interviews with management and representatives from the union, employer organisation and industry training council, and documentary analysis. An historical outline of women's participation in the Australian printing industry provides a context for the case studies. The findings from the case studies indicate that little has changed in the patterns of gender relations observed in the printing industry historically, and over the fouryear period of this study. In the two large firms of this study, a conventional sexual division of labour was maintained, women were marginalised, underrepresented, concentrated in low-paid and low status jobs, casualised, and generally perceived by male workers and management as inferior workers. On the other hand, in the small firms, the sexual division of labour was disrupted to varying degrees, women were central to the organisation of work and numerically dominant, women were spread across all the trades, were not casualised, and were valued as workers. In theoretical terms, the findings support other researchers' explanations of how gender and sexuality are socially constructed in the workplace, highlighting the role of the technology/masculinity link in defining the feminine as nontechnological, and thus contributing to the exclusion of women from technical jobs. In addition, the findings point to the significance of the dialectical relationship between structure and subjectivity in reproducing the structures of inequality between women and men, and highlight how this relationship is mediated by practices and discourses operating in the printing labour process. The findings also add to the theorisation of the key role of women managers in achieving sex equality in organisations. In practice, based on the small number of printing firms in this study, it appears that small firms provide the most favourable environment for women, both as employees and managers, in terms of access to non-traditional occupations,multiskilling, recognition of prior learning and informal training, job satisfaction, autonomy and support.
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Merkes, Monika, and monika@melbpc org au. "A longer working life for Australian women of the baby boom generation? � Women�s voices and the social policy implications of an ageing female workforce." La Trobe University. School of Public Health, 2003. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20051103.104704.

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With an increasing proportion of older people in the Australian population and increasing health and longevity, paid work after the age of 65 years may become an option or a necessity in the future. The focus of this research is on Australian women of the baby boom generation, their working futures, and the work-retirement decision. This is explored both from the viewpoint of women and from a social policy perspective. The research draws on Considine�s model of public policy, futures studies, and Beck�s concept of risk society. The research comprises three studies. Using focus group research, Study 1 explored the views of Australian women of the baby boom generation on work after the age of 65 years. Study 2 aimed to explore current thinking on the research topic in Australia and overseas. Computer-mediated communication involving an Internet website and four scenarios for the year 2020 were used for this study. Study 3 consists of the analysis of quantitative data from the Healthy Retirement Project, focusing on attitudes towards retirement, retirement plans, and the preferred and expected age of retirement. The importance of choice and a work � life balance emerged throughout the research. Women in high-status occupations were found to be more likely to be open to the option of continuing paid work beyond age 65 than women in low-status jobs. However, the women were equally likely to embrace future volunteering. The research findings suggest that policies for an ageing female workforce should be based on the values of inclusiveness, fairness, self-determination, and social justice, and address issues of workplace flexibility, equality in the workplace, recognition for unpaid community and caring work, opportunities for life-long learning, complexity and inequities of the superannuation system, and planning for retirement. Further, providing a guaranteed minimum income for all Australians should be explored as a viable alternative to the current social security system.
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Thomson, Lisa, and FRANCISandLISA@bigpond com. "Clerical Workers, Enterprise Bargaining and Preference Theory: Choice & Constraint." La Trobe University. School of Social Sciences, 2004. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20050801.172053.

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This thesis is a case study about the choices and constraints faced by women clerical workers in a labour market where they have very little autonomy in negotiating their pay and conditions of employment. On the one hand, clerical work has developed as a feminised occupation with a history of being low in status and low paid. On the other hand, it is an ideal occupation for women wanting to combine work and family across their life cycle. How these two phenomena impact upon women clerical workers ability to negotiate enterprise agreements is the subject of this thesis. From a theoretical perspective this thesis builds upon Catherine Hakim�s preference theory which explores the choices women clerical workers� make in relation to their work and family lives. Where Hakim�s preference theory focuses on the way in which women use their agency to determine their work and life style choices, this thesis gives equal weighting to the impact of agency and the constraints imposed by external structures such as the availability of part-time work and childcare, as well as the impact of organisational culture. The research data presented was based on face-to-face interviews with forty female clerical workers. The clerical workers ranged in age from 21 to 59 years of age. The respondents were made up of single or partnered women without family responsibilities, women juggling work and family, and women who no longer had dependent children and were approaching retirement. This thesis contends that these clerical workers are ill placed to optimise their conditions of employment under the new industrial regime of enterprise bargaining and individual contracts. Very few of the women were union members and generally they were uninformed about their rights and entitlements.
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Clarsen, Georgine. "The vote on wheels : Australian women and motoring, 1915-1945 /." Connect to thesis, 1997. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000649.

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Books on the topic "Women Employment Australia"

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Charles, Fox. A bibliography of women and work in Australia. [Australia]: Australian Historical Association, 1989.

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Bertrand, Ina. Crediting women: Employment of women in the television industry in Australia, 1956-1996. St. Kilda: Ina Bertrand and Women in Film and Television, 1996.

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Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen im internationalen Vergleich: Eine Sekundäranalyse des ISSP 1988 für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, die USA und Australien. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1993.

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Sue, Sills, ed. The gifthorse: A critical look at equal employment opportunity in Australia. North Sydney, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1991.

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Nugent, Maria. Women's employment and professionalism in Australia: Histories, themes and places. Canberra: Australian Heritage Commission, 2002.

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1940-, Wikander Ulla, Kessler-Harris Alice, and Lewis Jane, eds. Protecting women: Labor legislation in Europe, the United States, and Australia, 1880-1920. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995.

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Summers, Anne. The end of equality: Work, babies and women's choices in 21st century Australia. Milsons Point, NSW: Random House Australia, 2003.

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Bruce, Scates, ed. Women at work in Australia: From the gold rushes to World War II. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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Burton, Clare. Women's worth: Pay equity and job evaluation in Australia. Canberra: Australian Gov. Pub. Service, 1987.

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Larmour, Constance. Affirmative action legislation in Australia. [Barton, A.C.T.]: Legislative Research Service, Dept. of the Parliamentary Library, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Women Employment Australia"

1

Baxter, Jennifer A. "Employment and the Life Course: Birth Cohort Differences of Young Australian Women." In Negotiating the Life Course, 99–120. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8912-0_6.

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Broadway, Barbara, and Guyonne Kalb. "Labour Market Participation: Family and Work Challenges across the Life Course." In Family Dynamics over the Life Course, 177–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12224-8_9.

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AbstractHaving a job is an important indicator of economic and social wellbeing, and two-earner families are becoming the norm rather than the exception. As a result, many more women, including mothers, are in the labour force now than ever before. Balancing family and work responsibilities therefore becomes ever more important, not just for women but also men who are sharing the caring load with their partners, especially when young pre-school children are present. However, employment is not equally distributed across families, and some families have noone in a job which leads to financial vulnerability. Even one-earner families that depend on a low-skilled, low-wage earner may struggle to get by and provide their children with the opportunities to succeed in life and achieve mental, physical and financial wellbeing. This may lead to the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage and poor outcomes from parents to children. Gender inequality and ongoing inequalities relating to gender divisions in work and family may lead to women being particularly vulnerable in terms of earnings capacity and retirement savings when a relationship ends. One-parent families are specifically at risk as they often have no partner with whom to share the care-taking role, making work-family balance difficult to achieve. In this chapter we review the Australian evidence on these issues and provide policy implications.
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Mattingly, Doreen J. "Indian Women Working in Call Centers." In Globalization, Technology Diffusion and Gender Disparity, 156–68. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0020-1.ch014.

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This chapter draws on recent (2005) interviews with 20 call center workers in the New Delhi metro area to analyze the impact of employment in international call centers for young middle-class Indian women. Providing a wide range of telephone and occasionally Internet services to customers in the US, UK, and Australia, call centers are a booming source of employment for young English-speaking Indians. Roughly half of the growing workforce is female, and the wages are high by Indian standards. Nevertheless, the need to work at night to service customers on other continents creates special hardships and complications, particularly for young women who traditionally would not be allowed to go out at night. While acknowledging the hardships and obstacles presented by the work, this chapter shows that that working in call centers changes the relationships between the young women workers and their parents. Specifically, it argues that young women working in call centers are implicitly rejecting traditional patterns of family control over daughters, and in doing so they are resisting subordination.
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Yerkes, Mara A., and Belinda Hewitt. "Part-time strategies of women and men of childbearing age in the Netherlands and Australia." In Dualisation of Part-Time Work, 265–88. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348603.003.0011.

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This chapter contributes to the dualization debate by investigating the extent to which gender unequal part-time work patterns reflect insider - outsider labour market effects (e.g. based on gender and occupational effects) by comparing the Netherlands - a country with high protection of part-time workers - with Australia - a country with minimal protection. We focus on the part-time work strategies of men and women of childbearing age, bridging dualization theory with work-family theory. We explore both the extent of dualization between men and women (how women and men differ in their part-time employment patterns) as well as possible dualization effects within part-time work, considering variation in part-time work strategies among women in both countries. Our findings suggest dualization between part-time and full-time workers exists in both countries. Crucially, we find that dualization exists within part
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Blackham, Alysia. "Hearing and Judgment." In Reforming Age Discrimination Law, 210—C6.N287. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859284.003.0006.

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Abstract This chapter critically analyses the hearing and judgment stage of the individual enforcement of age discrimination law. Focusing on empirical case studies of enforcement in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia, it draws on qualitative and quantitative content analysis of Australian case law and UK tribunal decisions on age discrimination in employment; statistics from tribunals and courts; qualitative expert interviews; and a survey of advocates, to consider doctrinal and jurisdictional hurdles to individual enforcement. It interrogates who is able to pursue a claim to hearing and judgment, and the issues that arise in advancing a claim to court. The chapter shows that age discrimination complaints are significantly less likely than all claims to be successful at hearing, and more likely to be withdrawn. It argues that barriers to claiming in a court or tribunal are disproportionately affecting women, young people, and claims that do not relate to dismissal. The chapter maps how the costs of claiming, barriers to success, and fear of adverse costs orders have undermined the individual enforcement of age discrimination law. It offers targeted reforms to address these barriers, focusing on the burden of proof, intersectionality, and the objective justification of direct age discrimination.
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Hammerton, A. James. "Migration, cosmopolitanism and ‘global citizenship’ from the 1990s." In Migrants of the British Diaspora Since the 1960s. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526116574.003.0005.

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This chapter concludes the chronological section by examining testimony of migrants from the 1990s, pointing to intensification of cosmopolitan mentalities and motivations like lifestyle enhancement. It focuses in some depth on stories of two generations of women through the separate but connected mobilities of mother and daughter, both global in outlook but deeply loyal to adopted localities. Noting that scholarship on globalisation has done little to relate the macro trends to mentalities of ordinary people, it suggests that modern migrant story-telling might shed light on how the globalising world has impacted upon wider populations as well as migrants themselves. It scrutinizes politically motivated mobility, particularly inspired by hostility to British politics and class, involving both expatriate employment, transnational marriage and serial migration; this is juxtaposed against family migration and travel seemingly devoid of political motivations but imbued with a virtual lifetime of adventure motivations. The chapter concludes with a case of a woman’s serial migration from Britain to Europe to South Africa to Australia, highlighting experiences of the ‘trailing spouse’ of an expatriate husband, of their later migration, and the impact of frequent mobility on marriage and family as well as on shifting identities.
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Street, Debra. "The empirical landscape of extended working lives." In Gender, Ageing and Extended Working Life. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447325116.003.0001.

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Population-level factors associated with demographic ageing and policies intended to encourage older workers to extend working lives in Australia, Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Sweden, UK and US are documented in this chapter. Data are from international sources (mainly the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the CIA Factbook, to ensure comparability) derived from government agencies in the seven countries covered in this volume. Presenting population-level data for each country gives readers a starting point for considering how each nation compares to the others analysed in the later country chapters. Data related to demographic ageing, including patterns in longevity, proportion of national populations aged 65+, and country-specific dependency ratios are presented first. These set the stage for understanding the potential gendered implications of demands for older workers to postpone retirement and extend their working lives. Additional comparative data provided in this chapter include nation-specific patterns of women's and men's labour force participation, gender pay and gender pension gaps, typical retirement ages, and a summary of older worker's recent experiences in the labour market. Patterns of unpaid care work, time use, and full-time versus part-time employment are also compared to provide a foundation against which readers can assess the prospects for older workers in general, and the particular disadvantages faced by older women in particular, when governments demand that individuals postpone retirement and work longer.
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8

"Affirmative Action in the Employment of Women: The Australian Experience." In Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, Volume 15 (1985), 52–65. Brill | Nijhoff, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004422995_005.

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9

"television, constrained at the time from such a move by Independent Broadcasting Association regulations (Willock 1992). Coronation Street and Crossroads had been stripped across three evenings, and EastEnders across two. Stripping across five days/nights had long been common in Australian television. This was first done for Number 96 (1972–1977) by Ian Holmes, later the Grundy Organisation’s president. So successful was the stripping of Neighbours across five days that the same principle has since been adopted in the UK for Home and Away. David Liddiment, Head of Entertainment at Granada, which produces Coronation Street and Families, both Neighbours competitors, went so far as to say: “In future, no-one will contemplate running a daytime serial in the UK except as a strip. It’s inevitable that you build success more quickly when you strip a soap” (Liddiment 1989: 20). Second, on scheduling, Loughton made the schedules more cost-effective by repeating each edition daily (Patterson 1992). “The time-slots chosen by the BBC were 1.30 pm, with a repeat the following morning at 9.05. It attracted a typical audience of housewives, shift workers, the unemployed, people home sick” (Oram 1988: 48). After the unexpected success of Neighbours’ first year, it was decided to reschedule the next morning repeat for the same evening, at 5:35 p.m. This was to cater for working mothers, but most of all for schoolchildren who had previously played truant to watch the series. The most famous story attributes the schedule change to the representations made to no less than Michael Grade himself by his daughter. Rescheduled in January 1988, Neighbours nearly doubled its audience to 16.25 million within six weeks. By Christmas 1988, audiences topped 20 million. Five-day stripping and repeat screenings, then, offered a regularity and familiarity significant in capturing such huge audiences, representing one-third of the UK population. The third precondition was the UK “mediascape.” This included a very broad familiarity with Australian soaps. When Neighbours was launched on October 27, 1986, The Sullivans, A Country Practice, Young Doctors, Flying Doctors, Richmond Hills, Prisoner: Cell Block H, and others had broadened the paths already beaten by many Australian films released in the UK. Michael Collins, executive in charge of production at JNP, producers of A Country Practice, maintains that the serial, screened in the UK since 1983, “was a forerunner in getting audiences used to Australian drama” (Collins 1991). And one factor contributing to Neighbours’s topping the ratings late in 1988 would have been the demise of Crossroads, the British soap created by Reg Watson, in spring 1988 after a twenty-four-year run. Fourth, tabloids, television, and un(der)employment. Under Thatcher and Murdoch, the tabloid press in Britain expanded in the mid-1980s, producing what one television executive described, albeit parodically, as “one page of news, one page of sex, and twenty-two pages of television and sport” (Patterson 1992). So when Neighbours was stripped over five days, “the papers really noticed it” (Willock 1992). Together with Woman, Woman’s Day, Jackie, Scoop, and other teen magazines, the tabloids ran myriad stories on Kylie, Jason, Peter O’Brien, and so on, as is indicated by the three sample headlines from three successive days:." In To Be Continued..., 113. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203131855-15.

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