Dissertations / Theses: 'Women – Developing countries – Attitudes'

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Rich, Lisa D. "Feminism in developing countries : the question of the South African Indian." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1014822.

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The study-consisted of a survey questioning the respondents perceived social problems and issues facing women. The questionnaire was given to both Indian and African college students in Durban, South Africa. It was hypothesized that the Indian women would fit Rossi's Assimilationist Model of feminism. This was supported. It was also predicted that Assimilationist feminists would be more likely to name a women's issue when questioned about social problems. The opposite was found to be true. A much stronger relationship was found when race was used instead of the feminist model. Africans were much more likely to name women's issues with regard to family interpersonal relationships when questioned about social problems than were the Indian women. The latter listed structural issues such as poverty and race relations. One explanation could be that family issues are much more salient for Africans and structural issues are important to Indian women.
Department of Sociology

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Kim, Jungho. "Essays on women's education and pace of childbearing in developing countries /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174626.

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Taji, Mona El. "Rural women, the environment and nonformal education in countries of the South." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26338.

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Over the ages, rural women in subsistence and near-subsistence economies have maintained a sustainable relationship with the environment. This has been manifested in their different roles as users, producers, managers, and income providers. However, the introduction of Western-style development emulating the growth patterns of the North has not only overlooked the needs of the environment but also the needs and knowledge of women. The uninhibited exploitation of nature through development has started eroding the environment. In addition, with the marginalization of women from development schemes, women's cultural, social, economic, and legal status has regressed even further than it was. With no appropriate education, these women have been left defenceless in their confrontation with a changing and frequently adverse environment.
Although literature abounds with studies on women, education, and the environment, few studies attempt to link the three together within the framework of sustainable development. This information gap seems to have hindered development projects from implementing education programs targeting women and focusing on the environment.
This study seeks to fill this information gap. Based on rural women's holistic vision of development, it highlights the necessity of empowering women with a participatory, multifaceted, and integrated nonformal education, which targets gender equity as well as environmental protection and regeneration.

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Umerah-Udezulu, Ifeyinwa E. "The state as capitalist patriarchy: Women and politics in developing countries." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1995. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1352.

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This inquiry considers how class and gender concerns affect the emergence of women in developing countries as political leaders and how they fare in power. In the contemporary era, the Marxist and the Classical approaches have been used in explicating the state. While Marxism focuses on class conflict, its classical variant perceives the state as a neutral arbiter acting in protection of its national interest. The theoretical inadequacies in the above assumptions stem from the fact that gender is not central to the state-centered models. Women as a group compose a vital segment of the global population and should not be merely described as interests and classes. My attempt is to establish a woman-centered framework in evaluating the state, while focusing on women in the contemporary era who have governed their countries. This research centers on the Philippines, India, Pakistan and Nicaragua and involves an in-depth assessment of gender/class issues. The research postulates that the mutual alliance between gender and class had a direct bearing on the emergence and decline of women as policy makers in developing countries. The research question is: How did patriarchy reinforce capitalism so as to pave the way for women to rise and fall from power? From the standpoint of methodology, the image of gender-biased state is the feminist starting point for developing hypotheses and theories about the differentiated inclusion of women and men into the state system. The case study approach was used in testing this hypothesis. The preliminary findings are that women's class affiliations affect their political advancement. While they are in office, the class and gender factors impact their performance leading to their subsequent downfall. Women, therefore, are not positioned equally with men in the state system. The state is patriarchal no matter who governs.

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Patsatsia, Gvantsa, and Tamar Dzimistarishvili. "The effects of CSR of banks on customer attitudes in developing countries." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21239.

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Chen, Honghong, and 陈泓泓. "The determinants of women's depression and policy recommendations in developing countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48422630.

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Among all types of psychiatric disorder, depression is the most prevalent one which affect nearly one third of the contemporary adult population. Depression also ranks top with regard to women’s health and is now contributing heavily to the global disease burden. WHO makes clear that the overall rates of women's depression confirmed across all centers are almost 2 times higher than that of men. This review was performed with aim to examine the risk factors of female depression in developing countries. It also focuses on the strategies and policy recommendations for policy makers. In summary, results included poverty, educational level, unemployment, being unmarried, marital crisis, victims of violence, undesired pregnancies, lack of social support, poor relationships with parents and in-laws, history of depression, were associated with perinatal depression. Besides, financial difficulties, not living with parents, lack social support, expose to violence, bad school behavior and maternal depression were associated with female adolescent depression.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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Kong, Mee-Hae. "The status of women and their quality of life in developing countries /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487681148540938.

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Masilela, Calvin Onias. "Professional attitudes in urban planning and management: an exploratory study of the professional culture of Third World planners and planning consultants." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54239.

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This research is concerned with the professional culture of planners and planning consultants working on aspects of urban planning and management in Third World settings. Research on planners' professional culture is of intrinsic value in development studies, where little is known about the socio-economic background, values, attitudes, and role orientations of either group despite the key roles both groups play in the management of human settlements. The particular point of departure here, however, is the significance of such research to planning studies. Of particular relevance, in this context, are the critical notions in the current literature on Third World urbanization and planning that the skills and attitudes of planning professionals are not attuned to the economic, social, and environmental questions which lie behind the material aspects of human habitat in Third World countries. This, it is contended, is in part due to the socialization of Third World planners to Western attitudes, standards, and values during their professional training in industrialized countries. The research reported here represents an attempt to explore these issues, drawing on samples of planning practitioners in several Third World countries (Barbados, Jamaica, India, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) and of planning consultants and academics working regularly on urban problems in Third World settings. The results were derived from a questionnaire survey designed to elicit information on respondents’ role orientations and values, and on their attitudes toward specific issues that relate to the theory and practice of urban planning and management. These include attitudes toward rural-urban migration, the informal sector, squatter settlements, self-help service provision, the use of Western versus indigenous methods and solutions, and receptiveness to current ideas about project replicability and cost recovery. Findings revealed that Third World planners and planning consultants do share some important professional traits as well as elements of a common culture, with a core of shared ideology, similar to that found among developed-world planners despite the differences in contextual detail. Nonetheless, the study findings point to significant overall differences in the attitudes of Third World planners and planning consultants toward planning issues and professional role orientations. The typical Third World planner is a middle-class male of mid-career age who attaches a good deal of importance to his profession and supports the notion of success via technical competence, and administrative and managerial skills, and yet at the same time pragmatic and grassroots oriented. Furthermore, Third World planners as a group do not see the profession as elitist, nor do they regard Western concepts, methods, or training in developed-world institutions as inappropriate to their professional roles. The typical planning consultant, on the other hand, though also male is somewhat older, is more likely to have a social science than a planning, architecture, or engineering background is more likely to have a higher degree and is rather skeptical about professional effectiveness and egalitarianism. It is suggested here that the difference between these actors emanates from the differences in the modus operandi of each group. In short, whereas planning consultants have the luxury to conceptualize problems and solutions in stable environments, insulated from the cut and thrust of local practice, Third World planners operating in environments afflicted with rapid change, uncertainty, and instability are of necessity compelled to adopt a more pragmatic outlook. Thus despite the seeming overpowering circumstances, Third World planners were found to be guardedly optimistic, quietly confident, and resiliently content to pursue their ideals. lt was thus concluded that contextual factors to which planners are exposed to are major determinant of planners' professional role orientations and world-views.
Ph. D.

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Silliman, Jael Miriam. "Basic education for women : the promise fulfilled? a comparative analysis of five countries /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1987. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10740922.

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Mandawa, Bernadette. "Enhancing the performance of women-owned small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries : a study of Zambia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/enhancing-the-performance-of-womenowned-small-and-mediumsized-enterprises-in-developing-countries--a-study-of-zambia(8d24fed5-2cef-44a3-ba6f-c7e480bf350d).html.

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Female entrepreneurs contribute significantly to the global economy especially through employment creation, contributing to diversity in entrepreneurship and economic growth. Notwithstanding this contribution, their potential remains considerably unexploited in many countries, evidenced by businesses that underperform those owned by men. Significant research gaps on the subject of female entrepreneurship exist in the literature. To illustrate, the number of studies focusing on women-owned businesses remains significantly fewer than that of studies focusing on businesses owned by men, resulting in little being known about the subject. Another important research gap is the absence of a conceptual model of factors affecting performance of women-owned SMEs in the context of Sub-Saharan African countries. Furthermore, the majority of studies on female entrepreneurship have been done in developed countries, giving rise to theories originating from those contexts and relative lack of knowledge and empirical results in the context of developing countries. Zambia represents a specific case of a developing context where little is known about female entrepreneurs. This research develops and tests a conceptual model of individual level and firm level factors affecting performance in women-owned SMEs in Zambia, drawing on the Competency Approach, Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), and Resource Based View of the firm as the main theoretical foundations. It adopts a mixed method approach implemented in two stages: an exploratory qualitative study (carried out as the initial stage of this research) and a main quantitative study. The study uses the findings of the exploratory qualitative study to refine the conceptual model developed and to provide insights into the quantitative findings. The conceptual model is tested empirically using structural equation modelling with SPSS Amos software. The research makes a new contribution by identifying a new set of entrepreneurial competencies relevant to the Zambian context. It also attempts to integrate two literature streams (i.e. competency approach and entrepreneurial orientation) by providing empirical evidence that the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and firm performance is partially mediated by entrepreneurial orientation. The study also extends the boundaries of knowledge by challenging the applicability of established measures and research approaches originating from developed contexts to non-industrially developed contexts. For example, it provides empirical evidence that the relevance of entrepreneurial competencies in a particular context is contingent on the unique aspects of its business environment. The study also challenges widely accepted knowledge that EO enhances firm performance, and provides empirical evidence for the argument that this relationship is context-specific. It further demonstrates that the individual dimensions of EO may have varying effects on firm performance, suggesting that it is better to view the EO construct as a multidimensional rather than unidimensional construct. This research also extends literature on entrepreneurial competencies by showing that they are strong predictors of firm performance in the current research context, and that formal education and previous entrepreneurship experience contribute to their development.

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Bolaane, Benjamin. "Constraints to organised recycling in developing countries : a case study of Gaborone, Botswana." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14113.

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The continued growth of waste generation rates and the general concern for its impact on the natural environmental have resulted in a search for solutions to contain the problem before it spirals out of control. One such solution is organised recycling, the practice whereby municipalities require waste generators to set aside post-consumer materials so that they do not enter the mixed waste for collection and delivery to the markets. The practice is popular in developed countries, with municipalities engaging in household waste source separation schemes to meet statutory targets set by higher authorities. In developing countries too, NGOs, municipalities and national governments have started to include source separation in waste management policy and legislation. But this approach will present a new set of challenges to municipalities and waste generators alike, particularly when it is not preceded by a proper analysis of practical constraints on the ground. The purpose of this research is to develop workable recycling guidelines for cities in developing countries with similar characteristics to Gaborone from analysis of such constraints. The study began as an exploratory research process that evolved into a case study. A cross-sectional survey methodology was used including survey techniques such as waste characterisation sampling surveys for household and commercial waste, questionnaire-based interview surveys, semi-structured interviews with key informants representing stakeholders, and market survey for post-consumer materials. The research is directed by the hypothesis that: Despite the projection of organised recycling as an effective means to enhance waste recycling, its practicality as a waste management strategy in developing countries is constrained by the realities on the ground. The research found that, the major constraints to organised recycling are lack of practical official support for recycling, failure of public awareness to translate into participation in recycling initiatives, the attitude of municipal officials that favours maintenance of the status quo and relatively high recovery rates achieved by the existing recycling initiatives. The research concludes that under the prevailing conditions, it would not be practical to organise recycling schemes in the format used in developed countries and proposes guidelines that lake into consideration the established constraints.

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Motiejūnaitė, Akvilė. "Female employment, gender roles, and attitudes : the Baltic countries in a broader context /." Stockholm : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis : Södertörns högskola : eddy.se, Södertörns Högskola Library [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7340.

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Sobhanian, Nura. "The Effects of Calcium Supplementation on the Incidence of Preeclampsia on Pregnant Women in Developing Countries." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626893.

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Taqi, Najma. "The challenges facing women entrepreneurs : a study on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13538.

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Women’s entrepreneurship is a much touted topic of research with researchers competing to contribute to the growing body of knowledge. Although literature is replete with articles and opinions on the various aspects concerning women’s entrepreneurship, still more needs to be done. Much of the research produced until now has focused on specific contexts like western countries and results obtained are either not conclusive or generalizable and in many cases incomplete. Research on women’s entrepreneurship conducted in the contexts of developing nations appears to be grossly inadequate, bordering almost on a neglected category. Specifically, research on women’s entrepreneurship conducted in the context of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries is almost nil except for a few sporadic articles here and there. How women entrepreneurs have fared in the GCC countries is not clear and there is a need to know what their current status is, how they have performed and what challenges contribute to their lack of progress. There is a huge gap in the literature in this area and this research has made some modest contributions to remove this gap partially. The literature review shows that a number of challenges affect women entrepreneurs’ success. Although the research output used in this research was derived from studies conducted largely in a western context, some of the factors grounded in theories like institutional theory were found to be applicable to the context of women entrepreneurs in the GCC. Five of these challenges, namely lack of adequate training and education; legal constraints; cultural constraints and a lack of social support; lack of access to financial resources; and work–family interface have been investigated in this research using a conceptual model and survey questionnaire. Women entrepreneurs in three GCC countries, namely Kingdom of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, were chosen for studying the phenomenon of women’s entrepreneurial involvement in business activities. A random sampling method was used. Hypotheses were developed and verified and the five challenges were found through rigorous statistical tests to significantly affect the involvement of women entrepreneurs in business activity in GCC countries. The challenges selected were part of a larger set of challenges, not all of which could be investigated due to paucity of time, resources and the large territory comprising three nations in the GCC region. In addition, an exploratory study using interviews was conducted to identify specific challenges that affect women entrepreneurs in the GCC countries. Three additional challenges, namely intellectual property; patronage and connections; and lengthy regulatory procedures were revealed through this. Mixed method research was used which led to triangulation of the results obtained from analysing data gathered through questionnaire survey and interview. The challenges that emerged from the analysis of the questionnaire survey and interviews resulted in the development of a new and comprehensive model that combined the challenges tested through the empirical model and those derived from interviews. The findings from the analysis indicated that much needs to be done to enable women entrepreneurs involved in business activities in the GCC region to succeed. Many challenges need to be tackled. The findings clearly point out that the challenges are responsible for the low percentage (around 2%) of business activities attributable to women-owned enterprises in the GCC countries. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the area of women’s entrepreneurship in the specific context of the GCC region. The research outcomes clearly indicate that specific challenges can be tackled to improve the involvement of business activities of women entrepreneurs in the GCC region. Since the topic of involvement of women entrepreneurs in business activities in the context of GCC countries is not well investigated, the research outcomes of this research add to the current knowledge from a contextual point of view. In addition, the research has expanded the application of institutional theory to understand about the various challenges that affect involvement of women entrepreneurs in business activities in the context of GCC and contributed theoretically in terms of developing a new framework that could be used to examine how the challenges could be tackled. Methodologically, the research has shown how a mixed method research can be used to combine the outcome of survey research with interviews. Practical implications of the research outcomes show that the framework developed in this research could be adopted in practice by women entrepreneurs themselves, as well as various institutions and organizations that are concerned with women entrepreneurs, for improving the involvement of women entrepreneurs in business activities in the context of the GCC. Although the limitations of this research have been highlighted, how to overcome those limitations through future research has been explained. Thus, overall, this research effort is expected to stimulate further discussion and debate with regard to the involvement of women in business activities in the GCC and act as some kind of a basis for initiating steps to improve the position of women entrepreneurs involved in business activities in the GCC and perhaps in other regions surrounding the GCC countries.

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Graziani, Garcia Meldin R. "Eliminating the glass ceiling how micro-financing empowers women and alleviates the effects of poverty in developing countries." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4904.

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It is widely accepted as fact that the creation of a stable financial system is the catalyst which facilitates economic development and prosperity. However, developing countries which embark on a path of change often forget the cardinal rule: addressing the needs of those who suffer from poverty, inequality, and political strife. In other words, change starts from the ground up; not the other way around. First among the challenges facing these countries, is the need to change the lending rules followed by traditional financial institutions--banks and other private lenders--who are unwilling to provide their services to individuals with little income and few if any assets that can be used as collateral. Second, global organizations like the United Nations, World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund have failed to provide aid in a way that forces the creation of positive and sustainable change for fragile and destabilized societies. For this reason, many developing countries which receive financial aid are no better off than they were before the interventions occurred, and in some cases worse. Finally, other aid programs and even well-intentioned government efforts to reduce poverty fail simply because they are misguided. Too much attention and financial resources are devoted to grand schemes of long-term duration and not enough is given to impacting human lives in the present. In 1973, visionary economist Muhammud Yunus witnessed his beloved country of Bangladesh sinking into the deepest realms of poverty; much of its population in despair and left without hope of extricating itself from a bleak existence. The problem was compounded by the fact that its government was preoccupied with matters of State rather than those of its people; its financial institutions were oblivious to the pain and hunger which surrounded them, and international donors were simply giving away money without any form of control or direct involvement.; Out of this scenario, Yunus started with an idea that would alter not only his life, but the lives of people in Bangladesh and the world over: micro-finance. To this day, nearly every text written on the subject calls micro-finance a weapon in the fight against global poverty, but only a mere few recognize just how much of the gains made in this "fight" are attributable to the direct involvement of women in micro-financing. This thesis posits that while Muhammud Yunus created an idea for the benefit of "the global poor", it actually became a medium for the empowerment of women around the world. In fact, much of the praise awarded to micro-finance as success omit recognition of what should be obvious: the driving force behind the success of micro-lending is (poor) women. This statement does not seek to diminish the merits of an idea which has put a significant mark on the global economy, or to ignore the accomplishments of millions of men who through hard work have overcome poverty. However, what began as a genderless effort to help the poor of Bangladesh soon changed to one that overwhelmingly favored women. To this day, lending primarily to women has become the modus operandi of the microfinance industry for one reason above all: because women have proven they are a good business risk. The first part of this thesis will analyze the birth and development of the micro-financing system with special emphasis on its creator, Muhammed Yunus and the financial institution he founded for the purpose of implementing his idea, Grameen Bank. The second part will review the growth of micro-financing across the world with focus on Kiva, a web-based organization which represents the melding of micro-finance with 21st century technology. Finally, the thesis will look at Pro Mujer, a micro-financing organization which has successfully operated in Latin America for the last 20 years and developed a niche that expands the horizons of empowerment.
ID: 029808766; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-113).
M.A.
Masters
Political Science
Sciences

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Moustafa, Gihan, and Ajoqué Santos. "Female entrepreneurship in developing countries, Barriers and Motivation : Case Study, Egypt and Brazil." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189893.

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Entrepreneurship accounted by women has become important all over the world, especially in developing countries where it plays not only an economic role but a social role as well, changing communities and consequently, the whole society. The purpose of this paper is to identify the main motivation and barriers faced by women in developing countries, especially concerning the case study, namely Brazil and Egypt. In order to accomplish that, a deep literature review has been done and ten cases were analysed from a qualitative perspective. The main results found were that most of women in those countries are pushed into entrepreneurship rather than pulled and the main barriers are more aligned to the social context, lack of education, gender inequality issues rather than barriers related to business expertise. We do believe that the main contribution might relies on the fact that it brings different perspectives within female entrepreneurship from two different countries.

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PRAWIRA, FAJARINDRA BELGIAWAN. "Role of Attitudes and Norms for Students Car Ownership Intention." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199289.

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徐少珊 and Siu Shan Remy Chui. "Reading 'Third World' women's autobiography." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222547.

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Gatua, Mary Wairimu. "Giving voice to invisible women in developing countries rhetorical criticism of "FIRE" as model of a successful women's community radio /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400960811&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Waldrip, Bruce Gordon. "A study of achievement, attitudes, teaching practices and learning environments in secondary school science laboratory classes in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Curtin University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1320.

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The study combined qualitative methods (observation, interview and case study techniques) and quantitative methods (use of questionnaire and survey instruments) methods to (a) identify and describe current teaching practices in Papua New Guinea (PNG) secondary science laboratory classrooms; (b) investigate the effect of specific teaching practices on academic success on an external science achievement examinaton; and (c) investigate whether an educational productivity model for investigating factors associated with learning is applicable to a developing country context, namely, PNG. Analysis of data from 3,182 Papua New Guinea secondary students, generated revealed similar science laboratory learning environments across most high schools with Open-Endedness having the lowest score. Overall students' attitudes towards science were favourable, with boys having a more favourable attitudes than girls. Multivariate analyses showed that science academic achievement, science practical achievement and attitudes were related to quality and quantity of instruction, the science laboratory learning environment and gender. As in similar studies in other countries, male students performed significantly better than female students in external science achievement examinations. But female students achieved significantly better on a practical science process test. Finally, the study identified some specific aspects of current teaching practices in a developing country context, involving science learning environments and students' attitudes towards science.

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Strydom, J. (Joyce). "Cultural factors and implementation of ergonomics in developing countries : (an industrial psychological study of selected cultural factors with specific reference to the transfer of technology within the eastern Mpumalanga Province, one of nine provinces of South Africa)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51669.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When considering the attitude of a workforce towards their work and ways of increasing their motivation, attention must be given to their culture. Attitudes within In this study the influence of culture on the implementation of ergonomics was studied with specific reference to the transfer of technology in developing countries. Cultural diversity factors such as language/communication, religious beliefs, anthropometrics, educational background time, ethnicity values, attitude and values was measured using a specially designed questionnaire. It was completed by eighteen managers representing seven large industries in the Mpumalanga province. The cultural factor with the highest significance was 'time'. Others with high significance were educational background, attitude, language/communication and values. Ethnicity values, anthropometrics and religious beliefs were cultural factors which was not considered to be significant, however the population was very small and it is considered that they do contribute towards the implementation of ergonomICS. Training, imported technology and management are external factors, which make a useful and practical contribution to the subject of Ergonomics and the implementation thereof in organizations. If understood, cultural factors provide a much richer environment and different viewpoints, which can increase productivity by the effective use of technology. an organization are due to the attitudes that exist in the culture from which the members of the organization have come. Management practices, therefore, must cope with the attitudes and prejudices of the cultures within the organization. These cultures have been influenced by many factors like religious doctrine and history, not primarily concerned with the efficiency and productivity of the organization. Ergonomics aim at the optimization of the interaction between human and machine and the operating environment. This can provide the information necessary to promote an acceptable and efficient interaction between human-machine and environment in any form of a human-at-work system. In the process of technology transfer from Industrial Developed Countries to Industrial Developing Countries, emphasis is laid on economic progress. Although improvement of the economic situation and the standard of living is important to achieve, neglecting ergonomic considerations is both economically expensive and socially disturbing, thus creating negative effects in the country acquiring the technology. Ergonomics serve as a link between human factor considerations and the transfer of technology. A comprehensive systems model of Ergonomics was used, which indicates the interaction between facets emphasizing information as a core dynamic process, which can be useful to ensure optimality of choices of technology.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer 'n werkerskorps ondersoek word met betrekking tot hul houdings teenoor werk en wyses om hul motivering te verhoog, moet aandag geskenk word aan hul kultuur. Houdings binne 'n organisasie ontstaan uit houdings wat reeds bestaan in die kultuur waaruit lede van die organisasie oorspronklik kom. Bestuurspraktyke moet die houdinge en bevooroordelings van kulture binne die organisasie hanteer. Hierdie kulture is beYnvloed deur vele faktore soos geloofsdoktrines en geskiedenis wat nie primer gerig is op die effektiwiteit en produktiwiteit van die organisasie nie. Ergonomika het ten doel die optimisering van die interaksie tussen mens en masjien en die omgewing van funksionering, wat die nodige inligting kan voorsien wat nodig is om aanvaarbare en effektiewe interaksie te bewerkstellig tussen mens, masjien en die omgewing ten opsige van enige mens-by-sy-werk sisteem. In die proses van tegnologiese oordrag vanaf Industriele Ontwikkelde Lande na Industriele Ontwikkelende Lande, word klem gele op ekonomiese vooruitgang. Alhoewel verbetering van die ekonomiese situasie en 'n verhoging van die standaard van lewe belangrik is om te bereik, sal die verwaardlosing van ergonomiese oorwegings beide ekonomies duur en sosiaal verontrustend wees en gevolglik negatiewe effekte veroorsaak binne die land wat die tegnologie moet verkry. Ergonomika dien as 'n skakel tussen die menslike faktor oorwegings en die oordrag van tegnologie. 'n Omvattende sisteem model van Ergonomika dui op die interaksie tussen belangrike fasette van inligting as 'n dinamiese kern proses wat bruikbaar kan wees by die optimisering van keuses van tegnologie. In hierdie studie word die invloed van kulturele faktore op die implementering van ergonomika bestudeer met spesifieke verwysing na die oordrag van tegnologie. Kulturele diversiteitsfaktore soos taal/kommunikasie, gelowe, antropometrie, opvoedkundige agtergrond, tyd, etniese waardes, houding en waardes is gemeet deur 'n spesiaal ontwerpte vraelys. Dit is voltooi deur agtien bestuurders wat sewe groot industriee in die Mpumalanga provinsie verteenwoordig. Die kulturele faktor wat as die mees beduidend gemeet het is 'tyd'. Ander beduidende faktore is opvoedkundige agtergrond, houdings, taal/kommunikasie en waardes. Nie beduidende faktore naamlik, etnisiteit, antropometrie en gelowe is weI beskou as bydraend in die implementering van ergonomika aangesien die populasie wat gemeet is as relatief klein beskou kan word en moontlik in 'n groter populasie as beduidend kon meet. Opleiding, ingevoerde tegnologie en bestuur is eksterne faktore wat 'n waardevolle en praktiese bydrae maak tot die vakgebied en die implementering van Ergonomika. Kulturele diversiteit voorsien 'n ryk omgewing met verskillende uitgangspunte en indien dit verstaan word kan dit lei tot verhoogde produktiwiteit deur verbeterde gebruik van tegnologie.

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Gottberg, Karolina. "Energy, gender and poverty : How can solar power meet women´s electricity needs in poor rural areas in developing countries?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-44046.

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Renewable energy technique is increasing in popularity and usage. But the world´s current energy consumption is extensively uneven, and 1,6 billion people still live without access to electricity. The domestic work in rural areas is often very time and energy consuming; fetching water alone can take up to 5 hours or more per day. Due to gender inequality, women are the most responsible for the drudgery household work in rural areas in developing countries. Hence, women are more and worsely affected from the lack of access to electricity than men. Access to electricity can reduce the time consuming domestic chores with several hours per day. It can also benefit women´s empowerment, because all the extra time can provide new possibilities and freedoms. Rural women´s electricity needs are summarized by ENERGIA and UNDP. The needs can be divided in; mills for grinding, water pumps, indoor and street lighting and power for TV, radio, small enterprises etc. Solar power is an interesting alternative since it functions just as good off-grid and can be quickly installed. Solar powered waterpumps are a very good alternative whilst solar grinding mills are too cost intensive. Solar power provides affordable indoor and street lighting alternatives, thus street lighting can vary greatly in price. Solar power works good with smaller loads which requires constant power, such as a small refrigerator or a radio. The larger the loads, the greater the expences, so for large enterprices solar power is not yet a viable option. Hence, access to electricity is not enough, empowerment is just as important for women in order to actually gain more freedoms instead of more working hours due to extended hours of evening light.

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Eraikat, Abdul K. "Education in the Arab-Islamic world." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/243.

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Education in the Arab countries is discussed in the light of ongoing international educational reform. It is argued that education in the Arab/Muslim world faces serious problems. Educational reform cannot be achieved in isolation; it has to be part of a full scale reform that tackles social, economic and cultural issues. It is contended that cultural values, economic, social and political factors in the Arab/Muslim societies have contributed a great deal to the backwardness of education within Arab/Muslim societies. Questions such as whether Arabs/ Muslims could cope with the new trends in education, and whether they would be able to respond to the new ICT revolution and globalisation are addressed. It is also argued that Arabs/Muslims respond to globalisation and ICT in different ways each according to their perspective. This paper explores in detail the factors that shape education in the Arab world. It also attempts to shed light on relations between Arabs/Muslims and the West, considering how they have understood or misunderstood each other throughout the course of history. It is argued here that globalisation has been understood as Westernisation in the Arab/Islamic world due to a long history of mistrust and misunderstanding between the two. However, before undertaking this exploration, a brief summary of the historical background of Arabs I Muslims is provided.

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Waldrip, Bruce Gordon. "A study of achievement, attitudes, teaching practices and learning environments in secondary school science laboratory classes in Papua New Guinea." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 1994. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14799.

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The study combined qualitative methods (observation, interview and case study techniques) and quantitative methods (use of questionnaire and survey instruments) methods to (a) identify and describe current teaching practices in Papua New Guinea (PNG) secondary science laboratory classrooms; (b) investigate the effect of specific teaching practices on academic success on an external science achievement examinaton; and (c) investigate whether an educational productivity model for investigating factors associated with learning is applicable to a developing country context, namely, PNG. Analysis of data from 3,182 Papua New Guinea secondary students, generated revealed similar science laboratory learning environments across most high schools with Open-Endedness having the lowest score. Overall students' attitudes towards science were favourable, with boys having a more favourable attitudes than girls. Multivariate analyses showed that science academic achievement, science practical achievement and attitudes were related to quality and quantity of instruction, the science laboratory learning environment and gender. As in similar studies in other countries, male students performed significantly better than female students in external science achievement examinations. But female students achieved significantly better on a practical science process test. Finally, the study identified some specific aspects of current teaching practices in a developing country context, involving science learning environments and students' attitudes towards science.

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Litorp, Helena. "'What about the Mother?' : Rising Caesarean Section Rates and their Association with Maternal Near-Miss Morbidity and Death in a Low-Resource Setting." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-238626.

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In recent decades, there has been a seemingly inexhaustible rise in the use of caesarean section (CS) worldwide. The overall aim with this thesis is to explore the effects of and reasons for an increase in the CS rate at a university hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In Study I, we analysed time trends in CS rates and maternal and perinatal outcomes between 2000 and 2011 among different obstetric groups. In Study II, we documented the occurrence and panorama of maternal ‘near-miss’ morbidity and death, and analysed their association with CS complications. We also strived to determine if women with previous CS scars had an increased risk of maternal near-miss, death, or adverse perinatal outcomes in subsequent pregnancies. Studies III and IV explored women’s and caregivers’ in-depth perspectives on CS and caregivers’ rationales for their hospital’s high CS rate. During the study period, the CS rate increased from 19% to 49%. The rise was accompanied by an increased maternal mortality ratio (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.2–1.8) and improved perinatal outcomes. CS complications accounted for 7.9% (95% CI 5.6–11) of the maternal near-miss events and 13% (95% CI 6.4–23) of the maternal deaths. Multipara with previous CS scars had no increased risk of maternal near-miss or death compared with multipara with previous vaginal deliveries, and a lower risk of adverse perinatal outcomes (adjusted OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.33–0.80). Both women and caregivers stated they preferred vaginal birth, but caregivers also had a favourable attitude towards CS. Both groups justified maternal risks with CS by the need to ‘secure’ a healthy baby. Caregivers stated that they sometimes performed CSs on doubtful indications, partly due to dysfunctional team-work and a fear of being blamed by colleagues. This thesis raises a concern that maternal health, interests, and voices are overlooked through the CS decision for the benefit of perinatal outcomes and caregivers’ liability. An overuse of CS should be seen as a sign of substandard care and preventing such overuse needs to be among the key actions when formulating new targets for the post-2015 era.

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Blichová, Ľubica. "Postavenie žien v rozvojovom svete - problém chudoby, nerovný prístup k vzdelaniu a trhu práce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9212.

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This paper deals with social status of women in the world. Using specific indicators it attempts to approach worse women's position in the society as a whole and it describes inequalities between women and men. The first part of this paper shows main problematic areas in which women struggle with discrimination. These problems are related with worse access to services (health care and education), violence, armed conflicts, women situation in economics and weak power to take decision. Second part of this paper is focusing on three areas -- poverty, education and labour market. Gender analysis of these three areas shows how big differences between both genders are. The main focus of the last part is on the changes of the social role of women in world regions in time. At the end of the paper all three areas are interconnected to summarize the differences.

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Banura, Cecily. "Human papillomavirus infections among sexually active young women in Uganda implications for a vaccination strategy /." Stockholm : Kampala : Karolinska institutet ; Makerere University, 2009. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2009/978-91-7409-586-9/.

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Pettersson, Karen Odberg. "Challenges and constraints encountered by women and midwives during childbirth in low-income countries : experiences from Angola and Mozambique /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-822-X.

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Miller, Paige Lynn. "Barriers Preventing Access to Health Care Services for Women in Rural Samoa." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1136389101.

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Mokgokong, Madikana Jackinah. "The effects of gender inequality on rural households livelihoods diversification : a case study of Sebayeng village, Polokwane, Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1437.

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Thesis (M.A. (Administration and Development)) --University of Limpopo, 2010
Feminist studies show that gender inequality is an impediment for livelihoods diversification among rural households. Whereas women are understood to be the designers, planners and managers of livelihoods for household survival, their roles in diversification of the means of earning a living are generally undermined through a myriad of social and cultural laws, values, norms and beliefs. Despite the publicity, attempts and efforts in redressing gender inequality in a demographic South Africa, the dissertation argues that gender inequality in rural areas has remained persistent, posing an obstacle to the capacity of households to diversify their livelihoods. The study uses survey results from Sebayeng Village in order to demonstrate that the community’s perceptions of women’s roles perpetuate the status quo wherein women’s capacity to diversify livelihoods are undermined. The survey involved 200 households that were sampled through the simple random design. The respondents consisted of 56.5% females and 43.5% males. The survey results demonstrate that gender inequality remains deep in Sebayeng Village and that such inequality negatively affects the ability of households to diversify their livelihoods. Therefore, this study tends to confirm the general principle that gender inequality renders women as unexplored resources in rural development. To that extent, the study concludes that one of the tests for the success in gender transformation in South Africa is in releasing the energies of women in the sphere of livelihoods diversification.

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Khasawneh, Saleh M. "Information Technology in a Developing Country: An Exploration of the Factors Associated With Attitudes of Decision Makers in Jordanian Government Institutions Toward the Utilization of Computer-Based Technology." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1271359610.

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Albirini, Abdulkafi. "An exploration of the factors associated with the attitudes of high school EFL teachers in Syria toward information and communication technology." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092688797.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Document formatted into pages; contains 179 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 17 Aug. 2005.

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Pal, Mariam S. "An analysis of the role of women in economic development /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66051.

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Yates, Rodney B. "Aid, attitudes and ambivalence: The impact of Australian aid in the introduction and sustainability of inclusive education initiatives in the Republic of Kiribati." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118144/8/Rodney%20Yates%20Thesis.pdf.

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Using a critical pedagogy framework, this study examines dependency on Australian Aid and local ownership/sustainability in the introduction of inclusive education in Kiribati through document analysis, interviews with key local stakeholders and school-based focus group discussions. The results indicate that a positive commitment towards inclusive education is emerging and that Australian Aid provided essential advocacy through direct management of initiatives. Inclusive education initiatives remain dependent on Australian Aid for direction and sustainability. Sustainability of inclusive education initiatives in Kiribati will depend on continued development of local ownership including community support and commitment by the Government of Kiribati, particularly budgetary support.

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PRAWIRA, FAJARINDRA BELGIAWAN. "学生の自動車保有における態度や規範の役割." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199506.

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Ohlsson, Therese. "Kvinnors livssituation i de indiska delstaterna Kerala och Punjab : - en jämförande deskriptiv studie." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Gender Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12154.

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Uppsatsen är en jämförande studie av kvinnors livsvillkor och förmåga att undkomma fattigdom i de två indiska delstaterna Kerala och Punjab. Båda delstaterna har höjt den allmänna levnadsstandarden i befolkningen men haft olika framgång i att få dessa att tillkomma kvinnor. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka dels kvinnors livsvillkor och dels vilka faktorer som påverkar dessa i delstaterna. Metoden har bestått av kvalitativ textanalys. Vidare har statistik från UNDP använts. Studiens teoretiska referensram består av teorier om fattigdom och mänsklig utveckling av Amartya Sen och Martha Nussbaum, samt postkolonial feministisk teori av Chandra Mohanty. Uppsatsens slutsatser är att kvinnors livssituation i de två delstaterna beror till stor del på faktorer som distrikt, ort, klass, kast, stam, religiös tillhörighet, ordning i syskonskaran, samt position i familjen. Men det finns även regionala skillnader som påverkar kvinnors livsvillkor. I Punjab finns bl.a. en stark sonpreferens och flera patriarkala traditioner medan Kerala har tidigare matrilinjära traditioner samt ett starkt socialt skyddsnät. Vidare har delstaterna något olika politiskt fokus, olika traditioner och inställning till utbildning, olika traditioner kring kvinnors politiska organisering samt olika traditioner och sedvänjor gällande kvinnors position och frihet inom familjen som kan sägas gynna kvinnor i Kerala. Sammantaget kan sägas att kvinnors förmåga att undkomma fattigdom är något större i Kerala än i Punjab.

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Mazili, S. M. "A study of personnel attitudes towards job mobility in the Civil Service of developing countries of Commonwealth Africa, with special reference to Zambia, 1972 to 1982." Thesis, Brunel University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355210.

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38

Liebenberg, Alida. "Authority, avoidances and marriage: an analysis of the position of Gcaleka women in Qwaninga, Willowvale District, Transkei." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002663.

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Authority as it operates in the daily lives of married women in Gcaleka society is reinforced and maintained by a body of avoidances which women need to observe during their married lives. Avoidances constitute part of the control system in the society whereby wives are being 'kept in their place'. Avoidances do not only restrict her, but also safeguard her position and her interests. Lines of authority emerge through the process of interaction; the structure reveals itself as avoidances are acted out in time and space. This study was conducted in Qwaninga, an administrative area in the coastal area of the Willowvale district, Transkei. The research started out as a study of ritual impurity and the status of women in a traditional, 'red' Gcaleka society. It soon became clear that pollution practices and beliefs associated with women form part of a greater body of avoidances which women need to observe during their married lives. Avoidances entail economic, dietary, sexual, linguistic and spatial prohibitions; as well as restrictions concerning what a woman is supposed to wear, and her withdrawal from social life. These restrictions are enforced through certain ritual and other sanctions. Three forms of avoidances are identified in this study, and are discussed and analysed. Avoidances are found in the everyday male/female division in society; in the ways through which the wife shows respect towards her husband and her in-laws (especially her husband's ancestors); and in the reproductive situations a woman finds herself in from time to time. In many anthropological studies in the past women have often been hidden in the background. This study is an attempt to give women the prominence they should be given, to show that nonwestern women are not as subordinated as people in Western society like to assume. In Gcaleka society the authority structure affecting the position of women is not only based on a distinction being made between males and females. It will be shown that a finer authority structure operates in this society whereby gender as well as age and kinship distinctions are being made. These distinctions constitute a system of classification which is safeguarded and protected by the avoidances and other restrictions imposed on women.

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Srisarkun, Vilasinee. "Efficiency in utilizing ICT infrastructure in developing countries a case study of the Royal Thai Police's attitudes to the adoption of an image retrieval application for eyewitness identification /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050303.110027/index.html.

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Mérida, Lindgren Frida. "The Relation Between Climate Change and Gender Inequality in Mozambique : A case study on how climate change affects women in poverty in Mozambique." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105606.

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Mozambique is a developing country specifically targeted by the impacts and consequencesthat are caused by climate change. This is due to the inconvenient geographical location interms of climate change but also due to their economical and infrastructural disadvantagewhich makes the countries populations more prone to suffer from the consequences in amanner that makes adapting and coping with the circumstances significantly difficult. At the same time Mozambique has high rates of gender inequality, which impacts women inthe country who live in poverty, in unfavourable forms in everyday life.These two topics are investigated throughout the thesis, from both a broader and closerperspective. The idea with this research is to come closer to cover the research gap that isconcerned with how women in Mozambique who are already targets of gender inequality inthe country suffer from the hard impacts of climate change and how the two issues may relateor influence each other. The research is performed as a qualitative study with the ecofeminist theoretical approach asa lens on the investigation, and the findings were obtained through the text-analysis method.The findings of the research present evidence on how climate change affects Mozambiqueand its society as well as the gender inequality circumstances women live in the samecountry. From empirical studies the findings chapter provides a perspective that helps betterexplain and understand how women's vulnerable position in society along with theirexpected responsibilities due to cultural norms sets them in a directly exposed climatechange-affected position. The research culminates with a response to the research gapsuggesting that the relation between climate change and gender inequality in Mozambiquehas an unbalanced impact on women, where the gender roles forced upon women in thecountry set a targeted situation for them by climate change resulting in a double-burdencircumstance for women.

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Hosami, Behshid. "Digital gender divide and empowering women in the digital age : A critical approach in Iranian society." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80176.

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Gender plays an important role in access to the ICTs and Internet. Even when both genders have almost equal access to the ICTs and online services, or similar literacy rates, women have a lower rate in technology related education, employment, income, and in social activities than men.This thesis focuses on the existing digital gender gap by identifying its key factors and trends and studying the role of Internet and ICTs in bridging this gap. In addition, to suggest improvements to empower women in the developing countries and especially in Iran. A qualitative research method was adopted and semi-structured interview with 5 Internet users who were purposely chosen, was conducted. The data were analyzed and interpreted with the help of Lichtman's 3C method. This research study has examined the possible gender digital divide among users of ICTs and Internet in Iran and by making use of the existed secondary data. The empirical findings are discussed and compared to the reviewed literature, which resulted to an arising framework for a better understanding of digital gap among women.This research gives an overview about the digital divide, with a focus specifically on the challenges women face in accessing the ICTs and Internet in this region. Current gender disparities and discrimination in Internet use are outlined and the obstacles hindering women’s access to the technology world are described. At the later stage, the research has a look at the potential opportunities for women’s participation in a global digital society along with a consideration of the initiatives that have been developed in order to mitigate the gender inequity in Iran.

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Erbas, Kadir Can. "Factors Affecting Scientific Literacy Of Students In Turkey In Programme For International Student Assessment (pisa)." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606105/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that are related to scientific literacy of 15-year old students in Turkey in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data. Two groups of variables were considered for the analyses. In the first group
number of books at home and attendance to preschool, attitudes towards school, student-teacher relation, feeling of loneliness, remedial study and homework and attending out-of-school courses were taken as variables that are related to scientific literacy. In the second group, basically, variables that are related to computer literacy and usage were considered. These variables are: frequency of using internet, frequency of using computer, basic computer skills, advanced computer skills and attitudes towards computer. The results indicated that quality of student-teacher relation, the number of books at home and attendance to preschool education, use of internet and basic computer skills are positively related to scientific literacy measures of the students. As expected, student feeling of loneliness has negative impact on literacy skills. Remedial classes conducted by schools and homework assignments have positive effect on school related attitude, but they cannot contribute scientific literacy skills of the students. Outside school private courses has positive relation with the scientific literacy, but this effect rather seems coming from family background characteristics. Use of internet and basic computer skills might have positive relation with both attitudes towards computer and scientific literacy, but use of software programs and advanced computer skills indicated negative relationship with the scientific literacy measures of the students.

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Netnou, Ntombomhlaba Salome. "Investigating informal savings as income generating and proverty alleviating tool in Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1616.

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The study investigated the informal savings approach as an income-generating and poverty alleviation tool for women. The focus of the study is specifically in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. The purpose of the study was to explore the reasons behind the involvement of women, in particular, to the use of informal savings as a tool for income generation and poverty alleviation. South Africa is characterised by inequitable growth and development, a high degree of poverty, increasing demands and limited resources. It is because of this backdrop that many women in poor communities, both rural and urban, devised brilliant plans to overcome this setback. Women, particularly African women, have for a long time been side-lined in economic decision making activities, both in their homes and elsewhere. For the purposes of this study, a mixed method research approach was employed, meaning that the study will follow both the qualitative and quantitative approaches. The respondents are a mixture of both literate and illiterate persons, and because of that, the researcher had to use both English and the home language of the respondents to explain the contents of the questionnaires and obtain the relevant information. The study identified the reasons that stokvels, which were believed to be popular in the past, and still are, because Black people in South Africa did not have access to formal financial institutions, remain popular long after the demise of apartheid. It is in the interest of the citizens of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality to archive the financial activities of its inhabitants as this valuable information will be needed by future generations. This can be done by creating a website or adding a link to the existing ones where the information is readily available for the users. For future research purposes, stokvels in various parts of the Municipality and South Africa as a whole need to be studied in order to identify and compare to the available literature the general success factors.

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Werikhe, Samson Elijah. "Assessment of the Potential for Youth Engagement in Mountain Gorilla Conservation in Uganda." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1622872361253367.

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Haagman, Jenny. "Knowledge is the Key : Internet access, utilization and opinions in Grenada, West Indies." Thesis, Jönköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-763.

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Knowledge is the Key

- Internet access, utilization and opinions in Grenada, West Indies

Information and knowledge contributes to growth and development through empowering individuals and communities, creating opportunities to improve their living conditions. Technology is advancing rapidly and the Information and Communication Technology, ICT, provides new ways to attain information. Especially the Internet is regarded to be a source of information and knowledge. However, there are still many places in the world where Internet access is not yet available to everyone. The consequences are that people in developing countries do not get the opportunity to benefit from the new technology and the possibilities it brings.

The research for this thesis was carried out in Grenada during November and December 2006. Grenada is a small independent island in the English speaking Caribbean, where only a small percentage of the population has Internet access. The purpose of the study is to examine if a selection of young individuals in Grenada can obtain enhanced knowledge through using the Internet. Furthermore, the study intends to depict what attitudes and opinions can be found among the youths, focusing on the possibilities as well as the negative effects of the Internet.

This study was conducted trough a qualitative orientated methodological perspective with strategically selected respondents between 11 and 35 years old. Qualitative interviews were being made with nine individuals who were using the Internet regularly.

The conclusion of this thesis is that organized strategies and projects are required, with the aim to create motives for the young generation of Grenada to obtain enhanced knowledge through Internet usage. The access and availability in itself is not enough, because seeking information and knowledge is not the main purpose when the youths are using the Internet. Nevertheless, the respondents stated that the Internet is considered to be a source of information and knowledge and that they know where and how to find information when using the Internet, if they wanted to. The result also reveals an overall positive attitude towards the Internet and the future among the youths, yet still well aware of the negative consequences. The respondents expressed a desire to be able to keep up with the technology and wished for increased and improved accessibility and connectivity in Grenada.

Another interesting conclusion this research generated is the confirmation of the digital divide as a matter of global stratification, rather than differences between countries. Regardless of the country of origin, people with Internet access will have advantages in life and benefit from the technology, unlike those who have no access and hence, will fall even further behind.

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Wiarsih, Wiwin. "Empowerment as a way to improve nutrition in pregnancy in Waru Jaya, West Java Indonesia : an action research study /." St. John's, NF : [s.n.], 2002.

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Elbana, Karim. "Socio-Technical Analysis for the Off-Grid PV System at Mavuno Girls’ Secondary School in Tanzania." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28839.

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Abstract:

The aim of this study is to investigate, analyse and evaluate the installed off-grid PV system in Mavuno girls’ secondary school that is located in a rural area in northwest Tanzania. The original motivation behind this study was the rapid degradation of the installed battery bank within less than 3 years. The PV system was installed before the actual operation of the school, so the study aimed to answer a very pressing question which is "What is the actual load profiles in the school?". There was a high need to identify the actual school load profiles to enable several concerned social actors to evaluate the system and to decide for future extensions. Therefore, the study aimed to analyse the implementation of electricity in the school by creating actual load profiles, analysing the system performance versus the users’ needs and evaluating the sustainability and utilization of implementation. The study followed a multi-disciplinary approach combining the social and technical aspects of PV systems implementation to seek further understanding of the users’ consumption behaviours. It thus included a 1-month of field work in June 2018 during which participant observations and semi-structured interviews together with load measurements were carried out so as to create load profiles that are considering the patterns and deviations in users’ behaviours. During the field work, 2/3 of the students were in holidays so the taken measurements corresponded to the school at 30 % capacity. That is why the study also included 4 days of inverter data logging after the 1-month field work by the technical head of the school to overcome the limitations in held measurements. The observations showed that the actual installed system was slightly different from the documentation. In addition, the local installation practices are not fully appropriate from the technical point of view, and are affected by local social norms, as will be discussed. Besides, the participant observations and held interviews with relevant social actors showed that the daily behaviours of energy users do not exactly follow the school daily routine. Consequently, the social study was important to create actual effective load profiles. The observations and responses from interviews together with measurements were used to categorize the school loads into 29 different units. Those units can be used for current load prioritizations and for future load extrapolations. The created load profiles also represent a useful addition to load databases used by energy researchers who work on similar rural electrification projects. After the field work, several characteristics were calculated by Microsoft Excel such as apparent power consumptions, active power consumptions, battery bank state of charge, load power factor and PV generated energy. The characteristics were used in calculations evaluating the energy balance in the system. The results of held calculations showed that lighting during dark hours accounted for on around 78 % of the logged daily apparent energy use, as it has a low a low average power factor of 0.28. It also showed that some loads if time-bounded, they will significantly decrease the daily energy consumption. The calculations were also used to run PVSyst simulations to evaluate the system sizing which resulted in the recommendation that either the array size should be doubled, or the apparent energy consumption should be decreased to half. The study included suggestions for possible improvements such as decreasing the reactive consumed energy by either replacing the currently used light bulbs with ones that have higher power factor ( ≥0.8 for example) or by installing a capacitive compensation for power factor correction. In addition, it was recommended to quantify the school loads according to their priority or importance and to regulate observed time-unbounded loads such as "pumping water" and "ironing". Lastly, the study discussed how generated electricity is utilized in the school and what opportunities for women empowerment have become potentially possible with the provision of electricity.

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Massawe, Siriel Nanzia. "Anaemia in women of reproductive age in Tanzania : A study in Dar es Salaam." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5308-2/.

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Fox, Paul William. "Construction industry development : analysis and synthesis of contributing factors." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36189/6/36189_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Adolfsson, Niklas. "Appropriate technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa : the transition of cultivation techniques /." Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2000. http://www.bt.slu.se/lt_old/Meddelande/Me2000-02/Meddel.pdf.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Women – Developing countries – Attitudes'

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