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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Women – Crimes against – Kenya

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Academic literature on the topic 'Women – Crimes against – Kenya'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Women – Crimes against – Kenya"

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Mũrĩithi, Wairimũ. "Fragments Towards an Impossible (Domestic) Genre of the Human in Kenyan Crime Fiction." English in Africa 47, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eia.v47i3.6s.

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Extrajudicial executions and other forms of police violence in Kenya have always been an issue of significant concern in local and international media and human rights organisations. Reflective of this, scholarly interest in crime fiction in Kenya has grown significantly in recent years. However, the gendered implications of criminality – from sex work to errant motherhood to alternative modes of investigation – are still largely overlooked in postcolonial literary fiction and criticism. As part of a larger study on how women writers and characters shape crime fiction in Kenya, this paper critically engages with stories that the criminalised woman knows, tells, forgets, incarnates, discards or hides about the city. It does so by examining the history of urban sex workers in Kenya, the representation of ‘urban women’ in postcolonial Kenyan novels and contemporary mainstream media, and the various (post) colonial laws that criminalise sex work. Through Justina, an elusive character in Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor’s Dust, I consider how (post)colonial legislative frameworks and social life attempt to manage “impossible domesticity” (Saidiya Hartman) inside and against the geo-history of gendered and classed criminality in urban Kenyan spaces. My purpose is to interrogate hegemonic constructions of the citizen – and by extension, of the human – in Kenyan law and public morality Keywords: crime fiction, feminism, sex work, human, homo narrans

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Powderly, Joseph. "Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo: Judgment on the Appeal of Mr. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo against Trial Chamber III's “Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute” (Int'l Crim. Ct.)." International Legal Materials 57, no. 6 (December 2018): 1031–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2018.50.

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On June 8, 2018, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (ICC) delivered its eagerly anticipated judgment on the appeal of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo against his conviction by Trial Chamber III in March 2016 for war crimes (murder, rape, and pillage) and crimes against humanity (murder and rape). Bemba's conviction was notable for the variety of “firsts” it gave rise to for the ICC. As a former vice-president of the transitional government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and president of the Mouvement de libération du Congo (MLC), he became the most senior leader to be successfully convicted by the ICC. His conviction was the first in which an individual was found responsible for the commission of crimes pursuant to command responsibility under Article 28 of the Rome Statute. Of particular significance was the fact that this was the first conviction at the ICC for acts of rape and sexual violence committed against women and men. Finally, this was the first case in the history of international criminal law where members of the defense team were arrested, tried, and convicted of crimes against the administration of justice during the course of the trial. The trial judgment was heralded as “a turning point in the ICC's history” following the debacles in the Lubanga, Katanga, Chui, and Kenya cases. However, we now have a new addition to the list of firsts: with the Appeals Chamber's majority judgment (decided 3-2), Bemba becomes the first accused to have his conviction overturned in full.

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Kartar-Hyett, Luci. "Simply Unwilling? Is Patriarchy Preventing the Prosecution of Crimes against Women in African States: A Kenyan and Ugandan Perspective." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 24, no. 2 (May 2016): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2016.0149.

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Egesa Natwoli, Robert. "Challenges Facing the Directorate of Criminal Investigation On Management of Criminal Gang Activities in Nairobi County, Kenya." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 1 (January 24, 2021): 134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.81.9501.

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Abstract This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the challenges facing the Directorate of Criminal Investigation Department on management of criminal gang activities, in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study has been necessitated by continued concern among policymakers, security pundits and citizens about the rising criminal gang activities in the country, more pertinently in Nairobi County. Although there are few studies that tried to scratch this area, there has never been a detailed and systematic inquiry and analysis of this problem. The study was guided by several specific objectives; the first objective examined the tactical challenges that the police face in policing gang related activities in Nairobi County, Kenya; assessed the effect of corruption in undermining the war against gang related activities in Nairobi County, Kenya; and finally explored other technological challenges that the police face in policing gang related activities in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive research design and purposive sampling technique to collect data. Interview schedules and key informants (K.I) guide were the main tools used to collect data using the interview method of data collection. 60 officers of the Special Crime Prevention Unit were the main respondents. Major challenges faced by the DCI officers when dealing with criminal gang activities especially within Nairobi County include; poor relationship between police and the general public as reported by 89.1% of the respondents, increased involvement of women in gang activities which is exacerbated by low ratio of female-male officers for undercover operations and 90.9%. of respondents indicated due to woman innocence will create a greater challenge. Others include; gang related activities with networks and markets especially for stolen vehicles across the borders as a result of corruption along the borders by both police, custom and military officers. Further, 85.5% indicated that cross border gang activities were worsened by lack of harmonized law for the regulation and prevention of these activities that led to enhanced proliferation of weapons as well as drugs to and from the neighboring countries. Major recommendations for policy considerations included; increased recruitment and deployment of female officers to beef up their ratio in undercover operations. Harmonized laws for the neighboring East African community countries and increased cooperation between the security organs of these countries in order to have a coordinated approach of tracking and apprehending criminals who escape to neighboring countries. The study also recommends mandatory training for DCI officers in computer/ technological skills to be able to intercept, interpret and or decode gang related communication and cybercrime related activities.

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Bopp, William J., and James J. Vardalis. "Crimes against Women." Family Relations 37, no. 1 (January 1988): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/584443.

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Forslund, Morris A., William J. Bopp, and James J. Vardalis. "Crimes Against Women." Contemporary Sociology 17, no. 1 (January 1988): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069440.

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Brandt, Doug. "Crimes Against Women." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 107, no. 8 (August 2007): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000282292.95817.14.

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Ochola, Elizabeth Auma. "Gender Differences in the Perception of the Levels and Potential Effects of Violence in Popular Music." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 4, no. 10 (October 31, 2016): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol4.iss10.600.

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The effect of popular music on the behavior and emotions of youth is of significant concern to policy makers in government and the general public. Lyrics have become more explicit in their references to drugs, sex, and violence over the years. Notably, rap music is characterized by sexually explicit language in its lyrics as well as messages of violence, racism, drugs, homophobia, and hatred toward women. These depictions of violence and deviance are likely to have negative influence on the behavior and moral values of the youth who listen to such music with far reaching impact of risky behavior in future. Therefore, this study was interested in uncovering the type of the popular music that Kenyan youth listen to; the type of violent and deviant information contained in such popular music and the subsequent effect of these violent and deviant messages on their attitude and behavior. The study targeted male and female undergraduate students from the University of Nairobi. A sample of 200 undergraduate students (100 male and 100 female) was drawn using multistage sampling procedures and systematic random sampling. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire with both structured and open-ended questions.Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics where frequency, percentages and measures of central tendency were used. Inferential statistics (chi-test) were used to test the effect of popular music on attitude and behavior of youth in Kenya.The study confirmed gender difference in the attitude towards popular music among the youth with female students having negative attitude while their male counterparts had a more favorable attitude towards popular music. It was also established that increasing exposure to popular music had detrimental effects including; increased vulnerability to drug and substance abuse, violence, crime, illicit sexual behavior, disease burden and loss of moral values. The study concludes that popular music was likely to have profound immediate and long term negative effects to the attitude and behavior of youth in Kenya. Their lyrical content was found to be offensive to both male and female but with bias against women and therefore likely to promote aggressive and violent behaviors towards women.

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Anchan, Tanushri. "Crimes Against Women: A Statistical Analysis." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2014/35.

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Graham, Nadine. "Cyber crimes against women in India." Asian Journal of Women's Studies 24, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2018.1496783.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women – Crimes against – Kenya"

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Lee, Pik-kuen Anne, and 李碧娟. "Sexual violence against women in Hong Kong: socio-structural & cultural perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977716.

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Lee, Pik-kuen Anne. "Sexual violence against women in Hong Kong : socio-structural & cultural perspective /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14764003.

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Faleni, Mzukisi Welcome. "Hagar: case study of abuse of women." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1551_1254303991.

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According to modern standards, the narratives about Hagar in Genesis 16 and 21 are stories of abuse, as many feminist commentators have pointed out. Some of them, however, argue that the narrator condones what happened to Hagar, seeing it as perfectly normal. This thesis aims to investigate whether and how Hagar was abused according to the narrator of Genesis 16 and 21: 8-21.

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O'Shea, Sharon. "Female Sexual Victimization: Psychosocial Consequences." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500451/.

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This archival and qualitative research adds insight into the psychosocial consequences females of sexual victimization incur. Sexual abuse is a pervasive, complex societal problem experienced by 30%-46% of American females. The psychosocial consequences are numerous, often severe, and can result in death. They include: anxiety, BPD, denial, dependence, despair, eating disorders, destructive relationships, fear, guilt, hallucinations, helplessness, hopelessness, hysteria, insecurity, isolation, MPD, nightmares, numbness, passivity, pessimism, phobias, PTSD, rage, self-loathing, sexual dysfunctions, shame, shock, sleeping disorders, stigmatization, stress-related disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. The severity of psychosocial consequences to female victims varies greatly depending upon the degree, duration, and emotion surrounding the abuse, the victim's health, and the health of the victim's social network. In conclusion, strategies suggested in the literature to combat female sexual victimization are outlined.

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Makota, Gillian. "Narratives of women victims of GBV-POWA Johannesburg women's writing project, 2008-2013." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6432.

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Gender-based Violence (GBV) has emerged as a major issue on the international human rights agenda and a major public health challenge throughout the world. A large proportion of the violence committed against women is perpetrated by their intimate partners. According to the World Health Organization’s Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence, it is estimated that approximately 10% to 60% of married women have experienced physical intimate-partner violence during their lifetimes (Garcia-Moreno, Jansen, Ellsberg, Heise and Watts, 2006). Once the extent of GBV in South Africa was realised interventions were put in place to address the issue and the Domestic Violence Act No 116 of 1998 (DVA) was instituted by the South African government, aimed at protecting and combating violence against women. The notion of ending GBV was also acknowledged by the late former South African president, Nelson Mandela (Nelson Mandela’s first State of the Nation Address in Parliament in Cape Town, South Africa, 24 May 1994) said: “Freedom cannot be achieved unless the women have been emancipated from all forms of oppression." (www.ehow.com, first accessed 9 August, 2013). People Opposing Woman Abuse (POWA), a Johannesburg-based non-governmental organization (NGO), initiated interventions to address GBV. POWA offers services to women in South Africa (SA) who have experienced domestic violence, sexual harassment or rape and other forms of violence, by aiming to creating a safe society where women are powerful, self –reliant and respected. Driven by the need to create a collective space through which women could share their stories of surviving GBV, POWA established the Women’s Writing Project (WPP) in 2005. The project publishes annual anthologies with specific themes for a particular year, giving women survivors a platform and opportunity to tell their stories as an important part of the healing process. Though the first anthology was published in 2005, this thesis only provides an analysis of the POWA WWP anthologies from 2008-2013. The notion that narratives can be used as therapeutic tools had prompted the researcher to use existing narratives as a basis to investigate GBV. The study is a qualitative, interpretive study, using content analysis as a method and working within the framework of the Ecological model (1999:18) which talks about the multi-faceted nature of GBV. A total of 65 English narratives, 13 per anthology, by survivors of GBV were used and common themes that emerged were identified to obtain accounts of these selected women’s perceptions, experiences and articulations on GBV. Informed by a theoretical framework consisting of Heise, Ellsberg and Gottemoeller’s Ecological model (1999:18), the USAID GBV Life cycle model (2009:15) and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) GBV health effects document (2005:23), the researcher extracted the main overarching themes which emerged from the women’s narratives. Drawing on the study’s content analysis methodology and the subsequent emerging main narrative themes, the researcher could draw certain conclusions about general similarities in the experiences and perceptions about GBV of the women who participated in POWA’s Johannesburg-based five-year Women’s Writing Project (2008-2013). The most salient of these conclusions are that the following issues are major factors contributing to GBV in the specific sample group, and by assumption also among the larger population that it represents: alcohol abuse and the absence of mother figures. Conclusions about the effects of GBV include that most women suffer from psychological health effects due to GBV experiences. Based on the selected narratives in this study the researcher could conclude that self-narrative storytelling and the recounting of traumatic experiences had therapeutic potential in the treatment and recovery of survivors of GBV. Many of the narrators said that structured self-narration and the publication of their stories had helped to construct a recovery support system not only for themselves but also for those who are possibly still suffering from the consequences of violence. In this way survivors of GBV can therapeutically construct new identities for themselves, which transcend their abuse and thereby actively participate in the construction of meaning in their lives.

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Thatsaphone, Songbandith Penchan Pradubmook-Sherer. "Sexual violence against service women in Vientiane capital of Lao PDR /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4737922.pdf.

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Aziz, Hanan Pehin. "Domestic and sexual violence against women from the Islamic perspective : focus on Brunei Darussalam." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683019.

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Bento, Gustavo Leoplodo. "The difference between bystander normative judgments and intentions to intervene in male on female physical violence." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3144.

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O'Brien, Melanie. "National and international criminal jurisdiction over United Nations peacekeeping personnel for gender-based crimes against women." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11492/.

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This thesis seeks to determine the most effective jurisdiction for criminal accountability for UN peacekeeping personnel who engage in sexual exploitation and abuse of women, and other conduct amounting to violence against women. As criminalisation is sought as the appropriate method of prevention and punishment of such conduct, it is first examined why criminalisation is necessary. The impact of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) on women in the territories in which peace operations are located is detailed as harms in the form of violations of the rights of these women. Alternatives to criminal sanctions are then considered, in particular the actions of the UN towards prevention and prohibition of SEA. While such regulations are necessary, they are ultimately inadequate in preventing and punishing SEA. Included is an assessment of the Draft Convention on Criminal Accountability of UN Officials and Experts on Mission, the adoption of which would support criminalisation. However, the UN itself is unable to exercise criminal jurisdiction, and thus it is essential to examine which jurisdictions would be most effective in undertaking criminal prosecution of peacekeeping personnel. The choice between national jurisdictions and international criminal justice is debated. Which jurisdiction offers a more effectual forum for ensuring accountability? What potential impediments exist and how can such hindrances can be overcome? This thesis argues that gender-based crimes by UN peacekeepers should be criminalised, and that, while the International Criminal Court should not be discounted as a potential forum for prosecuting perpetrators, domestic prosecutions are far more likely and far more effective.

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Avzalchoeva, Zouhal. "'Nobody beats an obedient woman' : state and non-state responses to violence against women in Tajikistan." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/41692/.

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This study explores the issues of subordination of women in Tajikistan through studying the phenomenon of violence against women. This study presents a socio-legal analysis of the responses of state and non-state institutions and how the justice system works for women, this study engaged in the feminist discourse on women's individual experiences of violence, the ‘woman question' in public and private, the construction of law and its effect on women and their subordinate position and how the laws and the legal and executive mechanisms construct the culture of inferiority of women in society. It employed qualitative methods of data collections, such as interviewing and participant observation along with a questionnaire. It draws on theoretical studies and the empirical work conducted in Tajikistan to present its findings. Theoretical input allows drawing on explanations and experiences provided in studies of VAW in other societies and empirical input allows placing them within the context of Tajikistan. This gives an opportunity to explore the interplay between hierarchical and structural basis of gender relations and women's individual experiences of violence. This study explores the power of societal norms and values pertaining women's subordination and male domination on individuals' perceptions of VAW and their responses to it. It analyses the socio-economic and legal context in Tajikistan and its influence on women's daily lives. This context also determines the choices women victims of violence are given and impacts women's decisions whether or not to seek solutions. The study establishes that the focus on increasing awareness of legal rights, or introducing new laws and making changes in the law, cannot in themselves provide women with long-awaited responses to the violence they experience. Changing the law, introducing well-developed law would be significant step forward but has to be accompanied by measures to bring a fundamental shift in attitudes. This study emphasises that the responses should encompass a number of initiatives and presents some examples of these.

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Books on the topic "Women – Crimes against – Kenya"

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Murungi, Michael M. The Kenya law reports: Gender based violence (GBV). Edited by National Council for Law Reporting (Kenya). Nairobi: National Council for Law Reporting, 2011.

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Institute of Economic Affairs (Kenya), ed. Status of gender desks at police stations in Kenya: A case study of Nairobi Province. Nairobi: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2009.

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No way to tell: A secondary data research project on violence against women and girls in Kenya. [Nairobi]: UNIFEM Regional Office for East and Horn of Africa, 2009.

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Kiragu, Eva. Status of women & girls in Kenya: Urgent need to uphold human rights. Nairobi]: CREAW, 2007.

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Association, Kenya Women Judges. Training manual for judicial officers on the Sexual Offences Act, 2006. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Women Judges Association, 2008.

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Pursuing justice for sexual and gender based violence in Kenya: Summary of reparations' options. Nairobi, Kenya: ACORD-Agency for Cooperation and Research in Development, 2010.

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Kiome-Gatobu, Anne. Female identity formation and response to intimate violence: A case study of domestic violence in Kenya. Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick Publications, 2013.

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Coalition on Violence Against Women--Kenya, ed. Women's silent cries: Cases of violence against women in the printed media : a look at four Kenyan dailies from 1998-2001. Nairobi, Kenya: Coalition on Violence Against Women, 2002.

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Atray, J. P. Crimes against women. New Delhi: Vikas Pub. House, 1988.

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J, Vardalis James, ed. Crimes against women. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A: Thomas, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Women – Crimes against – Kenya"

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Collins, Victoria E. "Feminist perspectives on state crimes against women." In The Routledge International Handbook of Violence Studies, 179–89. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315270265-17.

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Łoś, Maria. "Crimes of Women: Offences Against the New Ethics." In Communist Ideology, Law and Crime, 221–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08855-3_10.

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Collins, Victoria E., and Anne M. Mahar. "What can be done about state crimes against women?" In The Routledge International Handbook of Violence Studies, 458–68. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315270265-43.

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Ravi Teja, K., K. R. M. Ajay Kumar, G. S. S. Praveen, and D. N. D. Harini. "Analysis of Crimes Against Women in India Using Machine Learning Techniques." In Communication Software and Networks, 499–510. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5397-4_51.

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Kamau, Jean Njeri, and Anthony Mugo. "Unveiling the Mask of Privacy: Protecting Survivors of Violence Against Women in Kenya." In Engendering Human Rights, 249–59. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04382-5_12.

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Nzengya, Daniel M., Paul Maina Mwari, and Chrocosiscus Njeru. "Barriers to the Adoption of Improved Cooking Stoves for Rural Resilience and Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1641–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_133.

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AbstractMajority of Kenya’s citizens reside in the rural areas where wood fuel is still the primary source of energy for cooking. Continuing reliance on wood fuel against the backdrop of burgeoning population poses huge threats to the country’s forest cover, undermining capacity for climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study conducted in Machakos and Laikipia counties explored; (i) women’s perceptions of the health risks associated with dependence of firewood for cooking, (ii) women’s attitudes and perceptions towards improved cooking charcoal stoves (ICS) as cleaner alternatives to traditional firewood stoves for cooking, and (iii) women’s perceptions of barriers to adoption of improved cooking stoves. Study findings revealed that women were aware of the health risks associated with the use of firewood for cooking. However, despite these perceptions, upward trends in demands for firewood as a source of energy for cooking in the rural areas may persist in the next coming decades. Barriers to adoption of improved cooking stoves vary by sociocultural contexts. The study concludes that innovations that involve stakeholders especially participatory designs, monitoring, and evaluation of ICS might improve adoption levels. Moreover, innovations to increase adoption need to leverage on the opportunities provided by Sustainable development goal number 7 to accelerate adoption of ICS among other forms of cleaner, affordable, and sustainable sources of energy for cooking.

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"Crimes against Women." In A Gender Atlas of India: With Scorecard, 125–48. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9789353287832.n7.

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Jenness, Valerie, and Kendal Broad. "Contemporary Antiviolence Against Women Campaigns." In Hate Crimes, 111–37. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203790250-5.

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Jenness, Valerie, and Kendal Broad. "Innovation and Diffusion of the Violence Against Women Act." In Hate Crimes, 139–68. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203790250-6.

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Khan, Tehmina. "Online Hate Crimes Against Women (CYBER VAWG)." In Encyclopedia of Criminal Activities and the Deep Web, 591–605. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9715-5.ch040.

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In this article, a review of Cyber VAWG is provided with its meaning, potential impacts, the state of legislation to address Cyber VAWG, and recommendations to improve processes and systems to tackle Cyber VAWG. A literature review of academic and nonacademic literature has been undertaken. It is found that legislation and enforcement are still in infancy and there are currently complexities and barriers that are discouraging the reporting of Cyber VAWG. The article serves as a starting point for further research which should address the actual implementation of legislative and system changes to avoid and punish (in cases where it does occur) Cyber VAWG.

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Conference papers on the topic "Women – Crimes against – Kenya"

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Adikari, Nadeesha. "CYBER VIOLENCE (CRIMES) AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS." In World Conference on Women’s Studies. TIIKM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/wcws.2016.1101.

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Jadhav, J. S., Dr K. M. Nalawade, and Dr M. M. Bapat. "Rule-Based Expert System and Its Application with Special Reference to Crimes Against Women." In 2018 3rd International Conference and Workshops on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icraie.2018.8710441.

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Nichita (Vasile), Camelia Elena, Miruna Angela Mutu, and Iliana Maria Zanfir. "Trafficking in Human Beings in the Context of Global Ethics." In 2nd International Conference Global Ethics - Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). LUMEN Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2021/21.

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The concept of “Global Ethics” refers to the analysis and identification of ethical solutions to the challenges of the contemporary world. Among the current global problems we bring to the fore: illegal immigration as a component of human trafficking, but also other global issues interdependent with the two crimes above: violation of human rights and freedoms, poverty, resource scarcity, discrimination, illegal international business and trade, all of which, requesting from the authorities and beyond, legislative and ethical solutions. Legal migration is the widely accepted form globally, since it can be determined over time, but also controlled in terms of the number of people, fields and jobs. Illegal migration is the alternative used by people who cannot use the legal route to go abroad. A component of trafficking in human beings, illegal migration is a global scourge, hard to control, caused by organised criminal groups, but also by the increasing ingenuity of criminals. Although the phenomenon is manifesting itself worldwide, it is accentuated by the fact that there is a lack of appropriate legislation and an effective system of cooperation between government institutions and civil society.Trafficking in human beings must be related to the causes that led to its emergence: discrimination in the labour market revealed by high unemployment rates (women vs. men), poverty combined with low remuneration for work performed, corruption of authorities, poor border control, restriction of legal migration opportunities, internationalization of criminal groups correlated with high profits from human trafficking, poor information of people who want to emigrate about the real effects of the labour market. Knowing this phenomenon, but also of the causes that cause it to occur, determines the process of working for knowledge, resolution and fight against it. The present work is intended to be a source of information that makes available to those interested that information about illegal migration, as well as how state structures can and should be involved in the situation.

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Reports on the topic "Women – Crimes against – Kenya"

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Carter, Becky. Women’s and Girls’ Experiences of Security and Justice in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.077.

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This rapid review seeks to provide an overview of the publicly available literature from the academic, donor, and non-government organisation sources on women’s and girls’ experiences of statutory and customary security and justice in Somaliland. In Somaliland women and girls experience poor security, with high rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), and significant barriers to gender equality in the pluralistic legal system. The predominant clan-based customary justice system, along with conservative social norms and religious beliefs, discriminates against women and girls, while weak formal state institutions are not able to deliver accessible and effective justice for vulnerable and marginalised groups. Social stigma silences SGBV survivors and their families, with many rape crimes resolved through customary compensation or marriage. National and international organisations have undertaken various activities to promote gender equality in security and justice, with support provided to formal and informal security and justice institutions and actors at national and local levels, as well as initiatives to empower women and girls.

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Amanda, Haynes, and Schweppe Jennifer. Ireland and our LGBT Community. Call It Hate Partnership, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/8065.

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Basic figures: – A large majority of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that gay men and lesbians (88%), bisexual people (87%) and transgender people (85%) “should be free to live their own life as they wish”. – Women were significantly more likely than men to agree with the above statement in respect to every identity group. People aged 25-34 years were significantly more likely than the general population to disagree with the statement. – On average, respondents were comfortable having people with a minority sexual orientation or gender identity as neighbours. Responses were significantly more positive towards having lesbians (M=8.51), bisexual people (M=8.40) and gay men (M=8.38) as neighbours compared to transgender people (M=7.98). – High levels of empathy were expressed with crime victims across all identity categories. Respondents were similarly empathetic towards heterosexual couples (M= 9.01), lesbian couples (M=9.05) and transgender persons (M=8.86) who are physically assaulted on the street. However, gay couples (M= 8.55) attracted significantly less empathy than a lesbian couple in similar circumstances. – Respondents were significantly more likely to intervene on behalf of a victim with a disability (M=7.86), than on behalf of an LGBT victim (M=6.96), but significantly more likely to intervene on behalf of an LGBT victim than an Irish Traveller (M= 5.82). – Respondents reported similar willingness to intervene on behalf of a lesbian pushed and slapped on the street by a stranger (M=7.38) and a transgender person (M= 7.03) in the same situation. Respondents were significantly more unlikely to intervene on behalf of a gay man (M=6.63) or bisexual person (M= 6.89) compared to a lesbian. – A third of respondents (33%) disagreed that violence against lesbians, gay men, bisexual and transgender people is a “serious problem in my country”, but more than half (58%) agreed that hate crimes hurt more than equivalent, non-bias, crimes.

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