Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Women – Counseling of – Latin America'
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Murillo, Sofia. "The Lived Experiences of Latina Women Immigrating to the United States: Adolescent Development and Acculturation." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1527949738986007.
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Roberto-Cáez, Omar Manuel. "Women in insurgent groups in Latin America." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41435.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.In Latin America, the use of political violence against authoritarian regimes increased after the Cuban Revolution. In the 1970s, women began to join revolutionary movements in ever-growing numbers, to the point that the presence of female guerrillas or terrorists was no longer remarkable. The most important factors that influenced women to join insurgencies were political ideology, state and domestic violence, culture, social networks, and changes in guerilla tactics. Women took on various insurgency roles, including those of fighter, supporter, and sympathizer. The post-conflict repercussions of female participation in political violence vary, depending on the capacity of the demobilization, disarmament, and reintegration process. So far, however, U.S. military counterinsurgency doctrine has barely acknowledged this evolution in the gender make-up of insurgencies. The increasing inclusion of females in U.S. combat military occupation specialties should allow the military more flexibility in the way it identifies, classifies, and approaches gender in conventional and counterinsurgency operations.
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De, La Puente Burlando Lorena. "Women and Extractive industry jobs in Latin America." Politai, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123808.
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Women in Latin America tend to bear greatest negative costs due to extractive industries. Mining and hydrocarbons transform the livelihoods of local populations and also, gender roles that condition access to opportunities for men and women. However, gender roles do not only operate in extractive localities. fte same industry is mainly organized around a masculine culture that allows the marginalization of women as their work force. fte case of direct and indirect employment (formal, informal and illegal) is used to present a series of pending questions despite a context of little information available to understand gender impacts of the extractive industry.Las mujeres en América Latina tienden a recibir mayores impactos negativos a causa de la industria extractiva. La minería y los hidrocarburos transforman los medios de vida de poblaciones locales y así también, los roles de género que condicionarían el mayor o menor acceso a oportunidades para hombres y mujeres. Sin embargo, los roles de género no sólo operan en localidades extractivas. La misma industria está mayoritariamente organizada en torno a una cultura masculina que permitiría la marginalización de las mujeres como su fuerza de trabajo. Se utiliza el caso del empleo directo e indirecto (tanto formal, informal e ilegal) para presentar una serie de preguntas pendientes ante un contexto de poca información sistemática disponible que comprenda los impactos de género de la industria extractiva en América Latina.
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Tiondi, Evaline. "Women, Environment and Development: Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America." Scholar Commons, 2000. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000028.
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Daniels, Nathan James. "The Impact of Women on the Political Process in Latin America." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1367564219.
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Dewey, Janice Laraine. "The myth of the Amazon woman in Latin American literatures and cultures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185579.
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This study explores evocations of the concept of the "Amazon Woman" and her female tribe, from cross-continental prehistoric sources to contemporary ritual practice within native amerindian belief systems of the rain forests of South America. The designation "Amazon" for the world's largest river has often been considered a grand "mistake" made by sixteenth century explorers; imaginative portrayals of Amazons had invigorated the reports of numerous early travelers, including Marco Polo, Columbus, and Hernan Cortes. This analysis establishes the importance of a reconsideration of the Amazon "mistake," or the idea that Europeans were projecting the fantastical worlds and dramatic personae of classical Greek legends and later romances of chivalry onto the realms of New World daily experience. The deep roots of prehistoric and historic civilizations carry the fragmentary genesis of matristic views of the world--the Mother, deified as Warrior, is a constant sign and symbol interplaying within the semiotics of the Amazon. The amazons of the New World were both ancient sister kin and actual tribal homosocial units who played vital roles in sacred religious beliefs and clan organization. I read the corpus of chronicles on, and studies of, the question of Amazons through a multi-faceted and multidisciplinary lense: archeology, history, anthropology, ethnography, mythology, literary criticism, and the sciences all intertwine to provide a more wholistic view of the subject. The text of the Amazons is clarified here by the consideration of prehistoric fragment upon fragment, reuniting five tribal narratives from the rain forests of South America, which reconstitutes the overall corpus of the Amazon mythos in Latin America. An autobiographical opening juxtaposes the continuum between the personal and cultural microstructures of my own approach to this subject with the macrostructures of the socio-symbolic order generally, and keeps a double focus constantly at play throughout the entire analytical text. Finally, Amazons are defined as evocations of natural phenomena and the diversity of animal and human behaviors as represented in mythical, cultural, and social spheres. This thesis comprises a literary analytical process I define as "ecotextuality": the reading of biotic diversity through its multiple languages, not excluding the "I" of the reader/writer.
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Jones, Ashley. "Determinants of LARC Usage in Women in Latin America and the Caribbean." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627177.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Research question: What is the difference in prevalence of LARCs between women living in urban and rural areas of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)? Background, significance, and rationale: While LARCs have been shown to be effective, approved for long duration of use, and cost-effective there is an unmet need for this type contraception in rural areas. The LAC region has a need for improved family planning services, evidenced by the high percentage of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortions. Methods: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) conducted between 2010 and 2015 in LAC countries were reviewed and analyzed to determine difference in prevalence of LARC use between women living in urban versus rural areas. Additionally, a systematic literature review was performed resulting in selection of 11 primary research articles evaluated for LARC prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with LARC use.
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Burton, Erika del Pilar. "Women Rule, But Do They Make A Difference? Women in Politics, Social Policy and Social Conditions in Latin America." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1860.
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Since the transitions to democracy in Latin America, women in the region have undergone major changes in their roles in society. From traditionally only present in the home to participating in collective action efforts, and finally participating at increasing numbers in governments, women have made incredible strides in the Latin American region. Latin American countries have successfully advocated for the inclusion of women in government, but few studies in academia focus on determining whether their inclusion has made a difference in government processes or in society. Borrowing from the literature positing that women are behaviorally different from men as well as their identification with motherhood and as wives in their collective action efforts in Latin America, I argue that women have different concerns from men both outside and inside of the public sphere and therefore make a difference in government with regards to policy priorities and government budget allocations. Studying 18 Latin American countries, I find that there is a gender gap in public opinion, which demonstrates that women are more concerned with social welfare matters than men. I also find that female concerns are carried into their behavior once in government as observed by female legislators’ heightened support for social welfare policies. Furthermore, I find that women in legislatures affect government behavior differently from their male counterparts as observed with female legislators’ positive effects on the allocation of the budget towards social welfare areas.
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Kendall, Tamil R. "Prevention of vertical HIV transmission and the HIV response for women in Latin America." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43590.
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This study uses mixed methods to explore the barriers to implementation of prevention of vertical (mother-to-child) HIV transmission in Latin America generally, and Mexico specifically. In 2001, at the United Nations General Assembly on HIV and AIDS, States made a commitment to achieve 80% coverage of this highly effective medical intervention among pregnant women by 2010. Yet, in 2009, just slightly over half of pregnant women with HIV globally could access medications to prevent transmission of the virus to their child, and in Mexico less than ten per cent of pregnant women with HIV had this opportunity. I identify the regional and national political context and institutional practices as contributors to sluggish scale-up; however, these are undergirded by cultural constructs of who is at risk of HIV infection and gendered sexual norms and discrimination which increase women’s vulnerability to HIV. My qualitative and quantitative analysis both identify that women are primarily exposed to HIV within stable relationships. The failure to recognize HIV and AIDS as a significant public health issue for women in the region and to provide women with an opportune HIV diagnosis results in mortality and morbidity among women and their family members. To improve the HIV response for women in the region, the following actions must be taken: greater meaningful participation of women with HIV in both the women’s reproductive health and HIV movements; universal offer of HIV-testing during prenatal care; conceptual and functional integration of HIV with reproductive health and gender-violence services; adaptation of evidence-based HIV prevention interventions for women in stable relationships; and the implementation of existing legislation which protects women’s rights and institutionalization of gender transformative programs that can contribute to reducing women’s vulnerability to HIV.
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Goren, Yael Bitran. "Musical women and identity-building in early independent Mexico (1821-1854)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/dca977c6-b335-42e6-b191-4089a1ee175c/1/.
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This thesis investigates music in Mexico City, with an emphasis on women's relationship to Romanticism, education, consumption, domestic music-making and public performance. During the first decades after independence in 1821, Mexicans began the process of constructing an identity, which musically speaking meant an expansion of the secular musical world. Such construction involved the development of internal activity alongside a conditional receptivity to external influence in the form of the visits of Italian opera companies such as those of Manuel García and Max Maretzek, and travelling virtuosi such as pianist virtuoso Henri Herz, who brought new repertoire and performance practices to Mexican theatres and homes. As consumers and as musicians, women were at the centre of such developments. In Mexico, both European music and that of local musicians was disseminated by means of ladies' journals and imported and locally-printed sheet music by foreign and Mexican composers, in order to supply a growing home market for amateurs. Abundant surviving repertoire for the home, the widespread availability of musical instruction as revealed through advertisements, and witness accounts of soirées and concerts in the theatre reveal a budding musical world that has hitherto been overlooked and which occurred during a period generally deemed of little importance in Mexican musical history. By investigating a key period in the social-cultural history of Mexican music, this thesis crafts a narrative of intersections between the musical life of Mexican women and the incipient construction of a musical-cultural identity.
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Cooper, Sarah Elizabeth Mary. "Re-connecting the spirit : Jamaican women poets and writers' approaches to spirituality and God." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5427/.
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Chapter One asks whether Christianity and religion have been re-defined in the Jamaican context. The definitions of spirituality and mysticism, particularly as defined by Lartey are given and reasons for using these definitions. Chapter Two examines history and the Caribbean religious experience. It analyses theory and reflects on the Caribbean difference. The role that literary forefathers and foremothers have played in defining the writers about whom my research is concerned is examined in Chapter Three, as are some of their selected works. Chapter Four reflects on the work of Lorna Goodison, asks how she has defined God whether within a Christian or African framework. In contrast Olive Senior appears to view Christianity as oppressive and this is examined in Chapter Five. Chapter Six looks at the ways in which Erna Brodber re-connects the spirit. Chapter Seven regards the spiritually joyful God of Jean 'Binta' Breeze. Conclusions are then drawn as to whether writers have adapted a God to the Jamaican context, whether they have re-connected to the spirit and if it is true that Jamaica is a spiritual nation.
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Aberceb, Carvalho Gatto Maria Luiza. "Endogenous institutionalism and the puzzle of gender quotas : insights from Latin America." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5859e964-af84-4f1e-a9e9-d2157b95db3b.
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Given their potential to negatively impact men's goal of staying in office, can gender quotas be aligned with the preferences of male legislators who adopt the policy? In other words, does the rapid spread of gender quotas worldwide challenge notions of the rationality of legislators as career-driven individuals? These are the main questions that drive this thesis. To answer these questions, I develop a prospect theory-based framework that accounts for how electoral security and political ambition impact legislators' behaviour in influencing the strength of gender quota designs. I argue that, faced with growing pressures to adopt gender quotas, male parliamentarians engage in the risk-taking process of assenting with gender quotas, meanwhile seeking to minimize the potential costs of the policy to their future careers by actively weakening quota designs. To evaluate the plausibility of my theory, I employ a series of multi-method and multi-level analyses presented across five substantive chapters, each of which is respectively based on: 1) a cross-sectional analysis of Latin America countries; 2) an elite survey experiment with Brazilian state legislators; and, in-depth process tracing of the cases of gender quota adoption in 3) Costa Rica; 4) Brazil; and, 5) Chile. The work makes three main contributions. Firstly, although previously identified, the resistance of male legislators towards gender quotas had never been systematically analysed in a comparative manner; focusing on the behaviour of male incumbents is thus a relevant contribution. Secondly, although various authors have provided explanations for the origins of gender quota adoptions, no work had ever comparatively assessed sources of the variation in gender quota designs. Thus, I move the study of gender quotas beyond the binary choice of adoption. Thirdly, I show that the static assumptions of endogenous institutionalism need to be modified by the introduction of risk, which can only be achieved by integrating the insights of prospect theory.
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Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie. "Legislative representation in Latin America: A comparative study of descriptive, substantive, and symbolic representation of women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280324.
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Women and minorities have long been underrepresented in politics but, in recent years, pressure has mounted to diversify national legislatures. A prominent argument is that increasing the percentage of seats held by an underrepresented group will lead to greater representation of that group's interests and provide symbolic benefits for its members in society. I test this thesis with an empirical analysis of the interrelationships between descriptive, substantive, and symbolic representation of women. In Part I, I examine the determinants of women's election to office (descriptive representation) with a cross-national sample of thirty-two countries. In Part II, I narrow the study to an in-depth analysis of substantive representation of women in Latin America defining substantive representation as responsiveness and focusing on four forms of responsiveness--policy, allocation, service, and symbolic. I argue that descriptive characteristics of legislators (such as gender), formal institutions, and socioeconomic environments shape the extent to which legislators respond to women and their interests. In this section, I draw on time-serial bill initiation and committee assignment data in Argentina, Colombia, and Costa Rica as well as responses to an original survey of legislators conducted during 2001-2002. In Part III, I return to a large, cross-regional sample of countries to explain variation in symbolic representation measured as the amount of confidence that women in society have in their national legislature. Further, I use structural equation modeling to estimate the direct and indirect relationships between formal, descriptive, substantive, and symbolic representation. I conclude that the four forms of representation are interrelated. Proportional representation electoral rules help women win legislative office and, once in office, female legislators are more responsive to women's interests than male legislators. Women are more likely to initiate women's interest bills, sit on women's interest committees, conduct constituency service on behalf of women, and partake of symbolic actions that benefit female constituents. Further, women's descriptive representation engenders greater trust among women in society for their national legislatures. Formal rules that define the process of representation can make legislatures more diverse which in turn has significant implications for substantive and symbolic representation of underrepresented groups.
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Hunt, Myra. "'Coming of age in Caracas' : a study of young women in the 'Barrios' of Caracas, Venezuela." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272762.
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Payva, Marisa. "Women do not wear pink in Latin America : A study of the Pink Tide’s controversial legacy in gender equality in South America." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nordiska Latinamerikainstitutet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194089.
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The possibility to earn a living and support a family independently is still a utopia for many women all around the world. Many organizations are constantly fighting for awareness of these issues and strive for an improvement in women’s economic equality. One of these organizations is the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) which in its preamble acknowledges that "discrimination violates the principles of equality of rights and respect for human dignity".By the tenth anniversary of the CEDAW, almost one hundred nations have agreed to be bound by its provision. Some governments have achieved their goals by replacing discriminatory laws and policies in order to guarantee gender equality. Others have even gone the extra mile by promoting legislation which in turn would make it easier for women to be able to develop their careers. For instance, some have provided longer maternity leave, and in a few exceptional cases, some others gave the possibility of joint parental leave, creating a co-responsibility between men and women. Nevertheless, some governments have not done enough to balance the gender gap. Some even keep discriminatory laws on the books despite having come to powerlifting the flag of social justice and gender equality. This has been the case of many of the so-called “Pink Tide governments” that ruled in the majority of South America during the first two decades of the 21st century. Despite the left turn of these governments, women in the region are still exposed to segregation and jobs with lower status or a lower payment. This paper focuses on this particular period of South American political history, with a focus on the government policies issued to fight the increasing gender gap on women's economic participation and opportunities. In order to account for the actions taken by these governments towards gender equality policies, we will analyze the maternity and parental leave laws implemented during this period, as we understand that women’s social and economic rights are closely related to their status and conditions at work. Finally, we argue that in this case, the color pink has not been representing women in Latin America.
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Pepper, Joanne L. "The historical development of Pentecostalism in northeastern Brazil, with specific reference to working class women in Recife." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108825/.
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This thesis discusses the historical development of Pentecostalism in Northeastern Brazil in the twentieth century. In particular, it stresses the contributions of women in the establishment of the movement in Belém in 1911, its subsequent founding in Recife, and its continuing rapid expansion into the Northeastern backlands over the past eighty years. The current state of the Northeastern church and the role of women within the institution is discussed in light of both social and cultural factors interacting with this 'new religion'. The study commences by establishing the historical and cutural background of Recife and the Northeast, with a view to understanding the social context of the lives of the working class. An historical examination of the early attempts to establish Protestant religion in the Northeast follows, in chapter two. Chapter three details the entry of Pentecostalism into the Brazilian Northeast. This historical survey provides the context for the subsequent chapters of the thesis. Chapter four focuses specifically on the history of the Recifense church. Chapter five examines the unique historical contributions by which women have helped to mould the modern Brazilian Pentecostal church. It is argued that the dynamic female presence in the movement was central to its success in establishing a credible religious alternative to Catholicism and other Protestant denominations. Chapter six is a discussion on the life of working-class women within the Pentecostal community, detailing those factors relating to conversion and approved lifestyle within the church. Chapter seven seeks to demonstrate how Pentecostalism has elevated the social position of working-class women through education. A discussion on the adaptation of popular literature as a mechanism for socializing women toward specific moralistic norms is included. Finally this study contrasts the tenets of Pentecostalism with Northeastern working-class culture, in an attempt to analyse the means by which Pentecostalism is a catalyst both for individual and societal change. In the absence of a comprehensive work on the history of Pentecostal women in Brazil, the method adopted here was to conduct a micro-study using participant-observation techniques at the grass-roots level, as each Pentecostal congregation is autonomous. Thus, although Pentecostals share certain basic beliefs, each congregation has its own distinctive approach to the problems of its local constituency. It is argued that the great strength of Pentecostalism lies precisely in this autonomy and the flexibility which this allows. The thesis aims to bring together both oral and written sources in order to reflect the varying perspectives of each individual and thus to represent a 'living' history.
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Kawabe, Anne A. "The Challenges for Women to Achieve Executive Leadership Positions in Private Companies in Brazil." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1587729794111353.
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Arroyo, Calderon Patricia. "Cada uno en su sitio y cada cosa en su lugar. Imaginarios de desigualdad en America Central (1870-1900)." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437570606.
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Zavaleta, Jennifer. "Improving the Status of Indigenous Women in Peru." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/228.
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Neoliberal agrarian reforms in Latin America have lead to both advances and set backs for the women’s and indigenous movements. While most neoliberal policies were the same in terms of goals, like creating institutions that encourage a capitalist markets, the results were somewhat heterogeneous in part due to the role of the women’s and indigenous movements in individual countries. The rise of the international women’s movement, which was marked by the UN’s decade on women from 1975-1985, coincided with an unfavorable economic climate in Latin America.
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Caroline, Jansson, and Sahlin Li. "Fair-skinned and Happy housewives : How women are portrayed in advertisements in Mexican fashion magazines." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-29494.
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Advertising has a powerful role in today’s society, especially since we are constantly surrounded by it. Advertisement does not only encourage people to make decisions about their purchases but has a big impact on the culture (Lin & Yeh, 2009; Lindner, 2004). Hence, it is a big factor of creating norms and ideas of what is feminine and masculine; thus affecting the perception on gender within societies. Unfortunate is however that to be able to cut through the enormous advertising clutter that people are exposed to daily, advertisers tend to use sexual content and portrayals as tactic, leading to an obscure ideal (Dahl, Segupta & Vohs, 2009; Cortese, 2008; Connell & Pearse, 2015; Butler & Almqvist, 2007). This quantitative and qualitative study examines from a Gender and Feminist theory perspective how women are portrayed sexually and stereotypically in advertisements within Mexican fashion magazines. The advertisements found within the seven biggest fashion magazines in Mexico are being studied both through a quantitative content analyse and qualitative text analyse using a semiotic approach. The result of the study shows that the content of advertisements in Mexican magazines frequently portray females in a sexualised and stereotypical way. Within our qualitative result six different stereotypes could be found. Furthermore, our quantitative result shows that the most commonly portrayed female within the advertisements are White. Henceforth, our result shows that a female ideal where the most crucial attributes are: to be sexy, beautiful, obtain an attractive appearance and to be White.
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Moreno, Parra Maria S. "WARMIKUNA JUYAYAY! ECUADORIAN AND LATIN AMERICAN INDIGENOUS WOMEN GAINING SPACES IN ETHNIC POLITICS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/14.
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This research utilizes an agency framework to examine the complexities of the participation of indigenous women in local, national, and global spaces of activism. By examining the connections between processes of globalization of indigenous and women’s rights, development agendas, local politics, and gender dynamics in indigenous organizations, this research highlights the connection of ethnicity, gender, and power in an indigenous organization of Cotacachi, Ecuador, and for Ecuadorian and Latin American indigenous leaders and professionals working in national and global arenas.
Four interconnected topics are explored: (1) the understanding of indigenous women’s participation in the history of their organization within a context of interethnic discrimination and poverty that especially affects indigenous women; (2) the relation between indigenous women and the changing demands on indigenous leadership due to reconfigurations of rural livelihoods, the ascendance of the indigenous movement as a political actor, and the sustained presence of development projects; (3) the challenges indigenous women face and the strategies they enact as local leaders in their communities and organization negotiating essentialized constructions of indigenous women’s identity and forms of gender inequality; (4) the transition to local, national, and international formal politics and indigenous activism in which indigenous women’s legitimacy increasingly necessitates both experience in the indigenous movement and professionalization and expert knowledge.
Using an ethnographic methodology including interviews and participant observation, the research explores the participation of indigenous female leaders who, even if their strategies have favored working within the indigenous movement’s wider agenda, are also contesting forms of gender, ethnic, and class inequality they find in their own organizations and beyond. Thus, the research highlights the challenges they face, the strategies they resort to, and the possibilities of articulating a differentiated agenda that reflect their particular interests.
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Núñez, Pizarro Jorge L., Luna Alejandro González, Holguín Edward Mezones, Juan E. Blümel, Germán Barón, Ascanio Bencosme, Zully Benítez, et al. "Association between anxiety and severe quality-of-life impairment in postmenopausal women: Analysis of a multicenter Latin American cross-sectional study." Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/620969.
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Objective: To evaluate associations between anxiety and severe impairment of quality of life (QoL) in Latin American postmenopausal women.
Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study among postmenopausal women aged 40 to 59 from 11 Latin American countries. We evaluated anxiety (The Goldberg Depression and Anxiety Scale), and QoL (Menopause Rating Scale [MRS]), and included sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, and anthropometric variables in the analysis. Poisson family generalized linear models with robust standard errors were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs. There were two adjusted models: a statistical model that included variables associated with the outcomes in bivariate analyses, and an epidemiologic model that included potentially confounding variables from literature review.
Results: Data from 3,503 women were included; 61.9% had anxiety (Goldberg). Severe QoL impairment (total MRS score >=17) was present in 13.7% of women, as well as severe symptoms (MRS subscales): urogenital (25.5%), psychological (18.5%), and somatic (4.5%). Anxiety was independently associated with severe QoL impairment and severe symptoms in the epidemiological (MRS total score: PR 3.6, 95% CI, 2.6-5.0; somatic: 5.1, 95% CI, 2.6-10.1; psychological: 2.8, 95% CI, 2.2-3.6; and urogenital: 1.4, 95% CI, 1.2-1.6) and the statistical model (MRS total score: PR 3.5, 95% CI, 2.6-4.9; somatic: 5.0, 95% CI, 2.5-9.9; psychological: 2.9, 95% CI, 2.2-3.7; and urogenital: 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6).
Conclusions: In this postmenopausal Latin American sample, anxiety was independently associated with severe QoL impairment. Hence, screening for anxiety in this population is important.
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Dolmseth, Abigayle G. "Women and Economic Development in Latin America: A Comparative Study of the Gender-Differentiated Outcomes of ISI, Structural Adjustment, and the Agroexport Model." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/845.
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This thesis provides a comparative analysis of the gender-differentiated outcomes of three different types of development models implemented in Latin America: industrialization by import substitution, structural adjustment programs, and the agroexport model. In undertaking this thesis, I attempted to answer three related questions: first, were women affected differentially than men were by the implementation of these three models. Second, if women were differentially affected, was their experience also conditioned by other factors, like the sector in which they found employment, their location in rural or urban environments, and their level of education. Finally, given that both of the answer to the former two questions was yes, I attempted to answer the question of why this was happening. In answering this final question, I used the analytical framework provided by feminist economics. Ultimately, I posited that while women’s differential experience was determined in part by certain domestic and individual level factors, like cultural norms and laws preventing women from working in the formal economy, much of their experience has to do with the male bias that inheres in much of classical and neoclassical economic theory.
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Price, Amy. "Beyond the Beauty of a Dozen Roses: Implications of Free Trade on Women Workers in Colombia's Cut Flower Industry." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18434.
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Under the prevailing global capitalist model, increased access to the formal economy for women is touted as a panacea to women´s empowerment and gender equality. Despite an unprecedented increase in women's participation in the global workforce and international labor standards, women are often assigned to precarious and exploitative low-wage work with little opportunity for social mobility. This thesis examines the effects of U.S.-Colombia Free Agreement and Labor Action Plan on women workers in Colombia's cut flower export-oriented industry. The impacts of free trade on women are contradictory, and despite hopes for the Labor Action Plan, women in the cut flower industry have seen little improvement in the working conditions and gender inequality. I explore the ways in which women actively resist exploitation and argue that women face powerful structural barriers to collective action under the imperialist and racist order of the capitalist patriarchy enshrined in Free Trade Agreements.
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Miklos, Alicia Z. "Mediated Intimacies: Legal, Literary, and Journalistic Textualities of Gender Violence in Post-War Nicaragua." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429722169.
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O'Quinn, Caitlin. "Negotiating Security: Gender, Economics and Cooperative Institutions in Costa Rica." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23705.
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Costa Rica is heralded as a leader in social and environmental issues and an example of a successful development story. However, how does this singular narrative minimize the more complex lived experiences of people? I introduce nuances to the story of Costa Rica by centering the lived experiences of women, drawing on primary data from questionnaires and interviews, and situating my research within the long history of cooperatives in Costa Rica, to learn more about issues women face and opportunities these institutions may offer. When looking through the lens of everyday experiences, we see that despite the significant progress in creating a safe country for all, women still experience inequality, discrimination, and violence. My hope is by including women’s voices, we move beyond the “single story” toward a more nuanced understanding of multilayered lives of Costa Rican women and an appreciation for the opportunities they seek and create.
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Monemi, Kajsa Åsling. "The impact of violence against women on child growth, morbidity and survival : studies in Bangladesh and Nicaragua /." Uppsala : Uppsala University. Department of Women's and Children's Health, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:172360/FULLTEXT01.
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Myers, Melissa L. "Mujeres Fuertes: Strong Women in Environmental Work on the US-Mexico Border." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1274723786.
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Hill, Tami Rene 1967. "Fragile community: Trauma, truth, transformation and the social construction of suffering among Latin Americans and the staff of a United States torture treatment center." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10083.
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xi, 246 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation focuses on Latin American survivors of political violence and the staff members involved with one of the few torture treatment centers in the US. Relying primarily on life histories and semi-structured interviews, my research focuses on the social construction of suffering (Kleinman et al. 1997) created by the staff and participants over the course of three different eras of the center. While the clients of this center lead lives that are tremendously impacted by the violent histories of their home countries, they do so while living in a country where this history is almost completely invisible. As exiles, they are removed from the arena of collective memory reflected in debates in postwar transitional Latin American societies about the meaning of the past, the reasons for their suffering, and the need for historical truth. Consequently, I examine the torture treatment center as one arena where this history and the suffering of survivors is acknowledged. As such, I argue that the staff serves as a critical social network--indeed, perhaps the only one--that influences the individual interpretations, narratives, and actions of survivors about the meaning of trauma, the importance of the past, and how one best heals from violence. First, I illustrate how the biographies of staff shape their involvement with the center and the meaning the center has for them, which, in turn, leads to both the promise and predicaments of their work for social change. Second, this research illustrates the diverse forms that trauma can take and argues for a connection among structural, transitional, and political violence. Third, I explore how the meaning attributed to trauma and the past shapes notions held by the center's staff and participants regarding how one best heals from trauma. Throughout the exploration of these themes, my work identifies the presence of certain discourses and the absence of others--the frictions and fragments occurring in engagements between social service networks and those they serve (Tsing 2005)--that reflect the possibilities for and limitations of individual healing and collective change and that make this center a "fragile community."
Advisers: Dr. Lynn Stephen, Co-Chair; Dr. Philip Young, Co-Chair
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Sutherland, Christina. "How Female Leaders Affect Attitudes Towards Women in Nicaragua and Brazil." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1009.
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This paper analyzes how female leaders affect the attitudes towards women in Nicaragua and Brazil. It discusses general and specific literature on the historical and current situations in each country. It analyzes the effects colonialism, culture, religion, traditions and the law have on the perceptions of women. The paper further analyzes and measures how past and current female leaders like President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro and President Dilma Rouseff affect people’s views towards women. The rates of violence against woman and domestic abuse in Nicaragua and Brazil are analyzed and compared to Latin America and the world. This paper argues that women in positions of leadership lead to changes in the general attitudes towards women, but it is not clear if women leaders decrease the rates of violence against women.
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Calvo, Arlene. "Social construction of cervical cancer screening among women in Panama City, Panama." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001231.
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López, Nancy P. "Latin American Women's Perceptions of Divorce: An Exploratory Study of the Situation and Image of Divorced Women in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41283.
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The identity of Latin America is composed of elements inherited from Europe, Asia and Africa. This identity has been defined with a series of images, roles, behaviors and rules created to maintain a particular unification among the citizens of these societies. Cultural ideologies involving marriage, separation and divorce have been subjected to historical changes. Divorce in Latin America typically has had a negative connotation and communities have considered divorced women as outcasts. The purpose of this study is to examine Puerto Rican and Dominican women's perception of divorce with particular emphasis on divorced women's image and experience in these countries. There are similarities and differences between the two countries based on geographical, cultural, historical, economic and legal issues. Due to the cultural presence of the United States in Puerto Rico, many issues now separate the two countries. I consider this "duality" (Traditional/Latin American and Westernized/American) to be an interesting context for exploration particularly as it relates to women's perception of divorce.Master of Arts
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Zetterberg, Pär. "Engineering Equality? : Assessing the Multiple Impacts of Electoral Gender Quotas." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100822.
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The driving question of this compilation thesis is whether quotas for political assemblies represent an effective tool for breaking down gender inequality in the political sphere. To put it differently, focus is on the possibilities for policy-makers to engineer equality. As a response to persistent patterns of male dominance in political decision-making, approximately 100 countries, both democratic and authoritarian, have adopted these affirmative action measures. The introductory section presents an argument as to why we should focus on certain impacts in order to be able to answer the question about the effectiveness of quotas. It suggests that the point of departure for empirical assessments of quota policies should be the normative arguments for supporting the reform, and the effects that normative theorists and quota advocates expect from these measures. The three studies that make up the core of the thesis build on previous empirical research on quotas, and examine some of their possible effects at both the elite level and mass level. Study I theoretically scrutinizes how the procedures for selecting women to political office shape these women's legislative autonomy, and thereby their possibilities to substantively represent women. The study identifies mainly two factors as important: a large body selecting the candidates and a rule-bound and thus bureaucratized selection procedure. Study II empirically tests the claim that women elected through quotas are more likely to suffer from institutional constraints in the legislature, and thereby have a harder time working for the benefit of women, than other female representatives. By conducting a comparative case-study of two Mexican state legislatures, no support is found for this hypothesis. Quotas have also been justified because of their likely impacts on female citizens' perceptions about politics. Study III addresses this issue by performing a statistical analysis on the impacts of quotas on Latin American women's political attitudes and behavior. In contrast to previous research on the topic, the study finds little proof of positive impacts of quotas on women's political engagement. Taken together, the thesis does not provide a clear-cut answer to the question as to whether it is possible to engineer equality within politics. However, it sheds new light on the complexities of quota impacts, and it qualifies and nuances the picture for those who expect quotas to be an overall solution for problems of gender inequality.
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Caswell, Calais M. "Mothers of the Revolution: Barrio Women’s Social Activism and Agency in the Bolivarian Process." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31775.
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This thesis examines women’s participation in community-based organizing within the barrios (slums) of Caracas, Venezuela specifically in regards to their involvement as voceras (spokeswomen) for local water management committees entitled the mesas técnicas de agua (MTAs or technical water committees) in the popular parish of Antímano. Through the Bolivarian Process—a state-led effort to promote participatory democracy within Venezuela that emphasizes the importance of women’s involvement in citizen-led development strategies—the voceras have engaged in a number of social programs that tackle salient problems in their respective communities. Moreover, their struggle for water services—in addition to their participation in other forms of social activism—provides a clear illustration of how women relate to the discourse of “revolutionary motherhood” as their motivation for community-based organizing. This thesis will argue that while this process has been an empowering experience that has allowed the voceras to develop political consciousness and agency in an ongoing dialogue with the state, it has also resulted in myriad challenges and gendered consequences including the creation of a triple burden of labour.
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Cruz, John J. "Discursos y tensiones sociales en Colombia sobre la moralidad, modernizacion y “deber ser” femenino en el cine silente y publicaciones periodicas durante el periodo de 1886-1930." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534347323918833.
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Rudling, Adriana. "La Senora Presidenta : Feminist policy-making by female Latin-American presidents?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2323.
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The following thesis is dedicated to the investigation of the comparative gender discourse of two of the current South American female Presidents: Michelle Bachelet, the first woman elected President in Chile for a four year term, in 2006 and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, the first woman elected President in Argentina also for a four year term, but in 2007. Using secondary sources and critical discourse analysis, the study attempts to characterize their agenda on gender both before and after their election campaigns. Recognizing that a candidate must balance between many actors, as one of the principles of social constructivism runs, the essay presents a short history of the feminist movement in both countries and the current state that the movement finds itself in, either institutionalized or absorbed and fragmented by party politics. The conclusions that the study arrives to are that, of the two subjects, the one who has presented a more concrete and convincing stand on gender thanks to her political views, the space created for feminism by her coalition and the climate of her country, is Michelle Bachelet.
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Espinoza, Torrez Eliana Maria. "La Rivoluzione in Nicaragua: il ruolo delle donne Sandiniste." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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The Nicaraguan Revolution was a decades-long process meant to liberate the small Central American country from both U.S. imperialism and the repressive Somoza dictatorship. The massive participation of women in the this revolution was unprecedented in the history of the Western hemisphere, but the official history of the country has little focused on experiences and contribute of these women, that fought and collaborated in the revolution. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse women’s actively participation in the guerrilla’s movement and during the revolution. Based on the film-documentary “Las Sandinistas” a qualitative research was conducted, in order to describe the most relevant social-political events presented in the film and how women’s participation in the revolution led them to overcoming barriers as to lead combat and social reforms.
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Carlson, Alison C. Day Barbara. "What do key women educators from the United States, Canada, Latin America, and Europe say they want and need in order to remain in the education profession?" Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1689.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Education." Discipline: Education; Department/School: Education.
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Coleman, Julianna M. "Que cuenten las mujeres/Let the Women Speak: Translating Contemporary Female Ecuadorian Authors." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461344085.
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Krugman, Allison. "Addressing the Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights of Low-Income Women in Argentina." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1115.
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Though Argentine women have made marked advancements in terms of equality since the Latin American country’s return to democracy in the 1980s, they still face barriers to the full exercise of their sexual and reproductive rights in a number of arenas. For low-income women, the added dimension of poverty further erodes the ability to seek necessary services to maintain sexual and reproductive health. As a result, high rates of maternal mortality and adolescent pregnancy persist. Given the broad socioeconomic inequality among Argentine provinces, the policies created by Argentina’s government to address sexual and reproductive health lack widespread implementation and oversight. Furthermore, a strong opposition to these policies is in place, promoted by the heavy presence of the Catholic Church in Argentine institutions and society as well as deeply entrenched perceptions of motherhood. This study identifies the social, economic, legal, cultural, and political challenges that face the sexual and reproductive autonomy of Argentine women, evaluates the current policies in place to address them, and projects potential solutions for Argentina’s government, women’s movement, and NGOs.
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Prado, Luis Antonio. "Patriarchy and machismo: Political, economic and social effects on women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2623.
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This thesis focuses on patriarchy and machismo and the long lasting political, economic, and social effects that their practice has had on women in the United States and Latin America. It examines the role of the Catholic Church, political influences, social, cultural, economic and legal issues, historic issues (such as the Industrial Revolution), the importance of the family's preference for sons rather than daughters, and the differences in the raising of male and female children for their adult roles.
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Craig, Maddison L. "Women in the Foreign Service: A Case Study of Margaret Parx Hays, 1942-1964." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609150/.
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This project seeks to include the historical significance of women in the Foreign Service and subsequently the United States Department of State between 1942 and 1964. Using the life and experience of Margaret Parx Hays, one of fewer than three hundred female foreign service officers before 1960, this study explores the importance of examining women at the "ground level." This narrative examines the life of Hays at several different duty stations and her experience navigating a male-dominant workplace congruent to the political and diplomatic missions of each stations. Hays was stationed in Buenos Aires, Argentina (1942-1945); Bogota, Columbia (1945-1947); Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1948-1950); Washington D.C., U.S. (1951-1954; 1959-1962); Manila, Philippines (1954-1956); Mexico City, Mexico (1956-1958); and Hong Kong, China (1962-1964). Throughout the deployment at each station, Hays was confronted with major political events in her duty station's history or in the intersection of American foreign and domestic policy. Through the use of Hays's archived collection of personal papers, including letters and newspapers, this thesis presents a more representative story about women and about the Department of State as a larger whole than previous scholarship that has ignored how gender affected diplomatic history.
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Zambrano, Catalina González. "Mulheres negras em movimento: ativismo transnacional na América Latina (1980-1995)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-20022018-112511/.
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A tese de doutorado intitulada Mulheres Negras em Movimento, analisa o processo de formação do ativismo transnacional de mulheres negras na América Latina, entre os anos 1980 e 1995. A abordagem metodológica utilizada vem da Teoria do Confronto Político, da Sociologia Relacional e dos estudos sobre Ativismo Transnacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o processo de formação da Rede de Mulheres Afro Latino-Americanas, Afro-caribenhas e da Diáspora RMAAD. Este processo é reconstruído a partir da trajetória de oito ativistas latino-americanas e do funcionamento dos espaços internacionais de ação política para os movimentos sociais, em particular as Conferências Mundiais da ONU e os Encontros Feministas Latino-americanos, que permitiram o desenvolvimento da ação política coletiva aqui analisada. A hipótese do trabalho é que as conexões entre as ativistas negras latino-americanas produziram, a partir de repertórios discursivos disponíveis, um novo enquadramento interpretativo crucial para produzir a mobilização, o Feminismo Negro Latino-americano. Procura-se demonstrar que este processo culminou na formação de um movimento transnacional de mulheres negras, ou seja, de um movimento que transcendas fronteiras nacionais.The doctoral thesis entitled Black Women in Movement analyzes the process of formation of transnational black women activism in Latin America between the years 1980 and 1995. The methodological approach used comes from Political Confrontation Theory, Relational Sociology and studies on Transnational Activism. The objective of this work is to analyze the process of formation of the Network of Afro-Latin American, Afro-Caribbean and Diaspora Women - RMAAD, based on the trajectory of eight Latin American activists and on international spaces of political action for social movements as the UN World Conferences and the Latin American Feminist Meetings that allowed the development of political action. The hypothesis of the work indicates that the connections between Latin American black activists produced, during this period, an interpretative framework, Latin American Black Feminism, based on discursive repertoires, that mobilized this population of women culminating in the formation of a transnational movement, that is, a movement that transcends national boundaries.
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Hellge, Sophie. "Association between Community Group Membership and Justification of Physical Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Bolivia – a Cross Sectional Study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446860.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to broaden the understanding of the role of communitygroups in the prevention of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Bolivia. Therefore, this work assessed the connection between community group membership and the justification ofphysical IPV among women in Bolivia. IPV justification was chosen as an outcome, as it is strongly correlated to IPV experience. Methods: Data from a quantitative survey by the World Values Survey involving 988 womenin Bolivia was used for the analysis. To assess possible confounders, bivariate analysis was conducted. Logistic regression analysis between women’s community group membership andtheir justification of physical IPV has been performed. Results: The results indicate that 19.6% of women in Bolivia partly or always justify IPV.There has not been a significant association between community group membership and IPVjustification. The factors that were significantly associated to IPV justification in the final model were age and educational level of the women. Women aged 50 + had lower odds ofjustifying physical IPV than women aged 18-29 (OR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35-0.97, p= <0.05). Similarly, women in the highest educational group had lower odds of justifying IPVcompared to women in the lowest educational group (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.98, p= <0.05). Conclusion: The association between community group membership and IPV justification inthis study was insignificant. This could be due to limitations in the study design. Futureresearch in the area should conduct studies with focus on different types of community groups singularly.
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Rogers, Ashley Sarah Frances. "Claiming the law : an ethnography of Bolivian women's access to justice and legal consciousness." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27070.
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There have been a number of legal reforms in Bolivia since the first indigenous president, Evo Morales, came to power in 2006. In 2009 a New Constitution was enacted which included rights for women and expanded legal recognition of indigenous groups. In 2013, in order to address rising rates of violence against women, Law 348 to Guarantee Women a Life Free from Violence was established. Yet what meaning these legal changes have for Bolivian women is still unknown. This thesis explores Bolivian women's legal consciousness and subjectivities in the context of these changes, particularly in relation to law concerning violence. Twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in the city of La Paz, Bolivia, between October 2014 and October 2015. Participant observation in a women's centre was the main field site, which offered the opportunities to gather women's life stories and explore women's narratives of the law. This was further supplemented with interviews with Civil Society Organisations and government in order to add different perspectives and further map the social structures of society that both constrain and enable meaning-making. This socio-legal ethnography presents women's engagements with the law, and offers insights into women's lived experiences of accessing justice and claiming rights, both directly and indirectly, as well as the influence that legality has on women's legal subjectivity and their sense of self. Doing so provides a narrative of Bolivian women's legal consciousness and reveals the meaning that law has for women in their everyday lives. Law works to shape the way they view themselves and their experiences as they engage with the processes of accessing justice. It can be concluded that law is a meaningful yet often contradictory presence in Bolivian women's everyday lives.
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Liston-Beck, Annalycia R. "Mobilizing Motherhood: The Symbolic Politics of Motherhood in Transcultural Perspective." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524742980880805.
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Regoczy, Lucia Graciela, and n/a. "Espiritu de subversion : la construccion del discurso de la mujer en la narrativa posmoderna hispanoamericana." University of Otago. Department of Languages and Cultures, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070927.141659.
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This thesis offers a typology of Postmodern women�s discourse from a sociological perspective. By focusing on the reading of Gioconda Belli�s Sofia de los presagios, Isabel Allende�s Paula, and Anacristina Rossi�s La loca de Gandoca, it examines how each writer achieves, thanks to the process of dialogism and the carnivalesque, a critique of social and aesthetic values, associated with Eurocentric discourse.
Thanks to these two processes, the values associated with the marginalized position of women in Latin America, are brought to the surface, offering a better understanding of the relation that exists between women�s literary production and the cultural environment.
Chapter one offers an overview of the concepts associated with Posmodernism, and its relevance in the Latin American context. This chapter also outlines the key concepts associated with dialogism and the carnivalesque.
Chapter two examines the use of the carnivalesque in two plays by Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Los empenos de una casa and Amor es mas laberinto as antecedents of subversive writing in Spanish American women�s writing. It discusses how Sor Juana through appropriation and inversion, transforms her texts into a critique of marginalized social groups. This chapter proposes that Sor Juana sets the model for the subversive nature of Spanish American women�s writing.
Chapter three offers a reading of Cristina Peri Rossi�s El libro de mis primos as an example of radical feminist discourse produced in the 60�s, focusing on the use of parody and irony as means of transgressing patriarchal discourse.
Chapter four examines Gioconda Belli�s Sofia de los presagios, and the incorporation of ancestral and modern myths, to accentuate women�s marginality and the conflicting and contradictory nature of Nicaraguan society.
Chapter five focuses on a reading of Isabel Allende�s Paula in which the techniques of magical realism and the carnivalesque are brought together to criticize social and cultural practices that marginalize women.
Chapter six examines Anacristina Rossi�s La loca de Gandoca. It focuses on the way Rossi makes use of popular music, romantic literature, poetry, and bureaucratic discourse, to denounce the exploitation and destruction of Costa Rica�s natural resources through ecotourism.
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Molina-Lopez, Karol C. "Los Derechos Económicos de Las Mujeres en Chile Bajo el Gobierno de Pinochet." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/607.
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Este tesis explorara las facetas de los derechos económicos de la mujeres antes, durante y despues del régimen de Pinochet. El primer capítulo se enfocara en resumir las políticas económicas y sociales de Allende, el antecesor de Pinochet. El segundo capítulo analiza el rol de la mujer en la casa y el trabajo en este momento, donde se determinó la diferencia salarial entre los dos sexos. El tercer capitulo demostrara una comparación entre las mujeres que son de clase altas versus las de las clases socio-económicas más bajas. El último capítulo tocara el tópico de la moderna perspectiva sobre los derechos de la mujer post-Pinochet.
This thesis will explore the facets of the economic rights of women before, during, and after the Pinochet regime. The first chapter will focus on summarizing the economic and social policies of Allende, the predecessor of Pinochet. The second chapter analyzes the role of women in the home and work, where there will be a comparison on the wage difference between the two sexes. The third chapter will show the contrast between women who are in high-class status versus those of lower socio-economic classes. The last chapter will be relating to the modern perspective on the rights of women post-Pinochet.
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Gramlich, Roberta. "An examination of young women in the Nicaraguan women's and feminist movement." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23216.
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More than thirty years after the Nicaraguan Revolution of 1979, the women’s and feminist movement has developed into one of the country’s foremost social movements. However, some observers of Nicaraguan civil society claim that young people today are disengaged from political and social mobilization, unlike previous decades where they were a key demographic in the revolutionary cause. If true, the women’s and feminist movement may fail to attract new members and may cease to be a strong leader of women’s rights and democratic principles. This study seeks to further previous analyses of the movement by considering the perspective of its younger participants. As such, qualitative interviews were conducted with twenty young women members of the movement in the spring of 2011 to understand two questions: why do young women participate in the women’s and feminist movement in Nicaragua, and how do they view their role within the movement? The interviews suggest that 1) moral shock and framing, which were important in the recruitment of members to the revolutionary movement, are not as prevalent today; 2) feminist activism is still relevant for the younger generation though the term ‘feminism’ is ever changing; 3) the young participants in the women’s and feminist movement in Nicaragua are ensuring its continuity during a period which is largely unfavourable to its demands. The study is guided by two bodies of literature: the recruitment of individuals to social movements, and trends of generational change within women’s and feminists movements in English-speaking democracies. Additionally, it is framed by the history of social mobilization of women and youth throughout Nicaragua in the 20th century.
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Arce, Emilia Isabel. "La institucionalización del rol materno durante gobiernos Autoritarios : respuestas de escritoras argentinas y brasileñas a la construcción patriarcal de género y nación." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/7552.
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Women’s fictional narratives, besides influencing the process of nation building, also
served to redefine the feminine gender and its incontrovertible contribution to the
processes involved in imagining their communities. Although the systematic oppression
suffered by women was effective, there were women writers who through negotiation
gained access to male-dominated circles and achieved recognition. These women had a
fundamental role in defying the stratification of gender in their society. They opposed
every limitation imposed upon their gender, particularly the construction of the maternal
role from a patriarchal perspective. In the works selected for this analysis, the authors
reject the institutionalization of motherhood using as a narrative device motherless
heroines who redefine femininity in their own terms and defy the patriarchal construct that confines motherhood to the seclusion of the home. Written in times of political
upheaval, these novels emphasize the importance of women’s participation in the public
sphere.
In this dissertation I analyze four novels situated in or written during authoritarian
regimes. The introduction provides the theoretical framework in which the definition of
gender is discussed as well as the process of nation building in Latin America. I also
include critical views on the topic of motherhood as women writers struggle with the
representation of the maternal role and its implications in the construction of gender. In
chapter one I discuss Argentinean writer Juana Manuela Gorriti’s La hija del
mashorquero (1865); the second chapter analyzes Brazilian novelist Julia Lópes de
Almeida’s A familia Medeiros (1892); chapter three is dedicated to the study of
Argentinean Elvira Orpheé’s Uno (1961); the fourth chapter analyzes Brazilian Lygia
Fagundes Telles’s As meninas (1973), so as to outline periods in which the patriarchal
discourse concerning the role of women in society revolved around the traditional
concepts of femininity and to reveal the insistence of women to obviate such concepts,
specifically in terms of nation building. Through the detailed textual analysis of these
novels, I aim to demonstrate the strategies used by these authors to openly defy the
constructions of femininity through their critique of the socio-political systems of their
times.text