Academic literature on the topic 'Women BackgroundPrevious studies'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Contents
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Women BackgroundPrevious studies.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Women BackgroundPrevious studies"
1
Blackmore, Emma Robertson, Ian Jones, Monica Doshi, Sayeed Haque, Roger Holder, Ian Brockington, and Nick Craddock. "Obstetric variables associated with bipolar affective puerperal psychosis." British Journal of Psychiatry 188, no. 1 (January 2006): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.1.32.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPrevious cross-sectional studies have highlighted a number of obstetric variables that may be associated with the development of broadly defined puerperal (post-partum) psychosis. These include: (a) primiparity (b) pregnancy complications, (c) delivery complications, (d) Caesarean section, (e) female baby and (f) shorter gestation period.AimsTo examine these risk factors in women with well-characterised bipolar affective puerperal psychosis.MethodA sample of 129 women with bipolar affective puerperal psychosis were investigated using a design that takes advantage of within-subject comparisons of affected and unaffected deliveries.ResultsTwo of the variables studied were independently associated with an episode of puerperal psychosis: primiparity (odds ratio=3.76, P<0.001) and delivery complications (odds ratio=2.68, P=0.022).ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence of the association between primiparity and puerperal psychosis and suggests that complications during delivery may be associated with a severe post-partum episode.
2
Osland, Sydney, Lauren Hirsch, and Tamara Pringsheim. "Smoking, alcohol and drug use in youth and adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." BJPsych Open 3, no. 3 (May 2017): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.004317.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPrevious research suggests a relationship between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use, however most studies have focused on adolescents or young adults, or clinically ascertained samples.AimsTo analyse population-based data on the relationship between ADHD and at-risk health behaviours in adolescents and adults.MethodData were derived from a Statistics Canada population-based health survey. The association between the diagnosis of ADHD and smoking, alcohol use, and illicit drug use was examined.ResultsIndividuals with ADHD started smoking at a younger age. They consumed more alcoholic drinks on drinking days, and women with ADHD were more likely to engage in binge drinking. Women over the age of 25 and men with ADHD were more likely to meet alcohol-dependence lifetime criteria. People with ADHD were at a greater risk of drug misuse and dependence.ConclusionsPeople with ADHD are more likely to partake in at-risk behaviours.
3
Wade, Tracey D., Cynthia M. Bulik, and Kenneth S. Kendler. "Reliability of lifetime history of bulimia nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 177, no. 1 (July 2000): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.1.72.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPrevious studies have found that the reliability of the lifetime prevalence of bulimia nervosa is low to moderate. However, the reasons for poor reliability remain unknown.AimsWe investigated the ability of a range of variables to predict reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of reporting of both bulimia nervosa and major depression.MethodTwo interviews, approximately 5 years apart, were completed with 2163 women from the Virginia Twin Registry.ResultsAfter accounting for different base rates, bulimia nervosa was shown to be as reliably reported as major depression. Consistent with previous studies of major depression, improved reliability of bulimia nervosa reporting is associated with more severe bulimic symptomatology.ConclusionsFrequent binge eating and the presence of salient behavioural markers such as vomiting and laxative misuse are associated with more reliable reporting of bulimia nervosa. In the absence of the use of fuller forms of assessment, brief interviews should utilise more than one prompt question, thus increasing the probability that memory of past disorders will be more successfully activated and accessed.
4
Sundquist, Kristina, Gölin Frank, and Jan Sundquist. "Urbanisation and incidence of psychosis and depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 4 (April 2004): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.4.293.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPrevious studies of differences in mental health between urban and rural populations are inconsistent.AimsTo examine whether a high level of urbanisation is associated with increased incidence rates of psychosis and depression, after adjustment for age, marital status, education and immigrant status.MethodFollow-up study of the total Swedish population aged 25–64 years with respect to first hospital admission for psychosis or depression. Level of urbanisation was defined by population density and divided into quintiles.ResultsWith increasing levels of urbanisation the incidence rates of psychosis and depression rose. In the full models, those living in the most densely populated areas (quintile 5) had 68–77% more risk of developing psychosis and 12–20% more risk of developing depression than the reference group (quintile 1).ConclusionsA high level of urbanisation is associated with increased risk of psychosis and depression for both women and men.
5
Roy, Marc-André, Michael C. Neale, and Kenneth S. Kendler. "The Genetic Epidemiology of Self-Esteem." British Journal of Psychiatry 166, no. 6 (June 1995): 813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.6.813.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPrevious studies on self-esteem have focused exclusively on its psychosocial determinants. The goal of the present study is to clarify genetic v. environmental determinants of self-esteem.MethodParticipants were Caucasian women sampled from the Virginia Twin Register: 363 pairs of MZ and 238 pairs of DZ twins were available from the first wave of the study, and 430 pairs of MZ and 308 pairs of DZ twins from the second. Self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale.ResultsUsing univariate twin analyses of self-esteem and a repeated measurement twin model, we found that self-esteem is a moderately heritable trait (heritability = 52% in the repeated measurement model); environmental influences are also very important, and are probably mostly not shared by members of a twin pair.ConclusionsAetiological models of self-esteem which examine only psychosocial factors are incomplete; genetic factors need to be integrated.
6
Terp, Inger Merete, and Preben Bo Mortensen. "Post-partum psychoses." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, no. 6 (June 1998): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.6.521.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that the risk for psychosis, especially affective psychosis, is highly increased during the first 30 days after delivery. The aim of our study was to replicate these findings.MethodLinkingThe Danish Medical Birth Register and The Danish Psychiatric Central Register from 1 January 1973 to 31 December 1993 revealed 1253 admissions diagnosed as psychosis within 91 days after delivery. The admission rate after delivery was compared with the admission rate among non-puerperal women in the general Danish female population.ResultsThe relative risk of all admissions was only slightly increased, RR=I.09 (95% C11.03–1.16). The admission rate concerning first admissions was highly increased, RR=3.21 (95% CI 2.96–3.49) whereas the admission rate concerning readmissions was reduced, RR=0.66 (95% CI 0.61–0.72).ConclusionsChildbirth is a strong risk factor for first admission with psychosis, but the risk may be less increased than previously assumed.
7
Kim, Seoyoung C., Robert J. Glynn, Edward Giovannucci, Sonia Hernández-Díaz, Jun Liu, Sarah Feldman, Elizabeth W. Karlson, Sebastian Schneeweiss, and Daniel H. Solomon. "Risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer in women with systemic inflammatory diseases: a population-based cohort study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 74, no. 7 (March 11, 2014): 1360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204993.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested a potential risk of cervical cancer in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases (SID) such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).ObjectivesTo assess the risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia, a surrogate endpoint for cervical cancer and cervical cancer, in women with SID, including IBD, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or SLE, compared with the risk in women without SID.MethodsUsing US insurance data (2001–2012), we conducted a cohort study of 133 333 women with SID, based on two or more diagnoses and one or more dispensed prescription for disease-specific treatment, and 533 332 women without SID. High-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer was defined by a validated algorithm with a positive predictive value of ≥81%.ResultsOver the mean follow-up of 2.1 years, the crude incidence rate of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer per 100 000 person-years was the highest at 141.1 in SLE and the lowest at 82.2 in psoriasis among women with SID, and 73.4 in women without SID. The multivariable HR adjusted for potential confounders was 1.07 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.45) in IBD, 0.96 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.27) in psoriasis, 1.49 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.00) in RA and 1.53 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.19) in SLE. Multivariable HRs were increased, but not statistically significant, in IBD, RA and SLE with baseline use of systemic immunosuppressive drugs or steroids.ConclusionsThe risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer was 1.5 times higher in women with RA and SLE than in those without SID. The risk may be increased in IBD with use of systemic immunosuppressive drugs or steroids.
8
Wang, L., L. Liu, S. Shi, J. Gao, Y. Liu, Y. Li, Z. Zhang, et al. "Cognitive trio: relationship with major depression and clinical predictors in Han Chinese women." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 11 (February 21, 2013): 2265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713000160.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPrevious studies support Beck's cognitive model of vulnerability to depression. However, the relationship between his cognitive triad and other clinical features and risk factors among those with major depression (MD) has rarely been systematically studied.MethodThe three key cognitive symptoms of worthlessness, hopelessness and helplessness were assessed during their lifetime worst episode in 1970 Han Chinese women with recurrent MD. Diagnostic and other risk factor information was assessed at personal interview. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression.ResultsCompared to patients who did not endorse the cognitive trio, those who did had a greater number of DSM-IV A criteria, more individual depressive symptoms, an earlier age at onset, a greater number of episodes, and were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for melancholia, postnatal depression, dysthymia and anxiety disorders. Hopelessness was highly related to all the suicidal symptomatology, with ORs ranging from 5.92 to 6.51. Neuroticism, stressful life events (SLEs) and a protective parental rearing style were associated with these cognitive symptoms.ConclusionsDuring the worst episode of MD in Han Chinese women, the endorsement of the cognitive trio was associated with a worse course of depression and an increased risk of suicide. Individuals with high levels of neuroticism, many SLEs and high parental protectiveness were at increased risk for these cognitive depressive symptoms. As in Western populations, symptoms of the cognitive trio appear to play a central role in the psychopathology of MD in Chinese women.
9
Ng, T. P., C. S. R. Seet, W. C. Tan, and S. C. Foo. "Nitrogen dioxide exposure from domestic gas cooking and airway response in asthmatic women." Thorax 56, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.56.8.596.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUNDPrevious studies have not found a consistent association between exposure to domestic cooking using gas appliances and exacerbation of asthma. We investigated the immediate airflow response to acute exposure from single episodes of gas cooking, and peak airflow variability from continued exposure to repeated episodes of gas cooking in a group of non-smoking asthmatic women.METHODSSixteen adult non-smoking women with mild to severe persistent asthma were studied. The acute short term level of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) during gas cooking episodes and the mean exposure to NO2 from repeated gas cooking episodes were measured over a 2 week period, as well as proxy measures of frequency of cooking on each day and the length of time spent cooking each day. Their asthma status was monitored using peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) before and after cooking, 2 week self-recorded serial readings of PEFR, respiratory symptom severity score, and use of rescue bronchodilators for acute asthma attacks.RESULTSCooking was significantly associated with an immediate mean fall in PEFR of 3.4% (p=0.015, paired t test). The acute short term NO2 level during cooking was significantly correlated with the fall in PEFR (r=–0.579; p=0.019). The frequency of cooking over a 2 week period was positively correlated with the mean exposure to NO2(r=0.529; p=0.042). Continued exposure to NO2 over a 2 week period was associated significantly with increased frequency of rescue bronchodilator usage for asthma attacks (r=0.597; p=0.031). However, it was negatively associated with PEFR variability (r=–0.512; p=0.051) and respiratory symptom severity score (r= –0.567; p=0.043), probably due to the masking effects of bronchodilator treatment.CONCLUSIONSAcute short term exposure to NO2 from single episodes of gas cooking is associated with immediate airflow limitation. Continued exposure from repeated episodes of gas cooking in asthmatic women is associated with greater use of rescue bronchodilators.
10
Guo, Yingqi, Shu Sen Chang, Chee Hon Chan, Qingsong Chang, Chia-Yueh Hsu, and Paul S. F. Yip. "Association of neighbourhood social and physical attributes with depression in older adults in Hong Kong: a multilevel analysis." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212977.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPrevious studies investigating the independent effects of neighbourhood-level factors on depression are rare within the Asian context, especially in the elderly population.MethodsData for 29 099 older adults aged 65 years or above who have received health examinations at elderly health centres in Hong Kong in 2008–2011 were analysed. Using multilevel regression modelling, the cross-sectional associations of neighbourhood social attributes (neighbourhood poverty, ethnic minority, residential stability and elderly concentration) and physical (built) attributes (recreational services and walkability) with depression outcomes (depressive symptoms and depression) after adjusting for individual-level characteristics were investigated. Gender interaction effects were also examined.ResultsNeighbourhood poverty was associated with both depressive symptoms and depression in the elderly. Neighbourhood elderly concentration, recreational services and walkability were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. The association between neighbourhood poverty and elderly depressive symptoms was found in women only and not in men.ConclusionPolicies aimed at reducing neighbourhood poverty, increasing access to recreational services and enhancing walkability might be effective strategies to prevent depression in older adults in the urban settings.