Relevant bibliographies by topics / Women and war – Iraq

Academic literature on the topic 'Women and war – Iraq'

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Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Women and war – Iraq"

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Fathima, Anisa. "Iraqi Woman Speaks: An Alternative Narrative of War in Riverbend’s Baghdad Burning." Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Review 04, no. 01 (2023): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/ajmrr.2023.4102.

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The US-led invasion into Iraq in 2003 triggered an endless war that unleashed new cycles of violence and left the region devastated. Following the 9/11 attacks on the US soil, the West conjured up an image of Iraq as a nerve centre of terrorism. In the months preceding the invasion, the dominant narrative that revolved around the War on Terror sought to project Iraq as a nation that needed to be “liberated” and “civilised” by the West. Iraqi women were particularly (mis)represented as oppressed victims of an abusive patriarchal system, devoid of agency and freedom. Voices emerging from Iraq in the subsequent years have countered this portrayal of their country. This paper explores the myriad ways in which Baghdad Burning by Iraqi blogger Riverbend challenges the dominant narrative of the US-led invasion and in the process, constructs an alternative narrative as a civilian who witnessed and suffered the impact of war from close quarters. As an Iraqi, Muslim woman who speaks her mind, she subverts the gendered liberation discourse of the war and argues that women’s freedom in fact plummeted with the radicalisation of the public space enforced by Iran-inspired Shia political parties in the new US-backed post-war regime. Her account of the invasion goes beyond the usual rhetoric of statistics and policies, and offers an insight into what the occupation and the ensuing violence meant to ordinary Iraqis. In doing so, she shatters the myth of Iraq and gives an insider’s perspective of the country whose modern establishments and secular ethos were destroyed by the invasion.
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Ain, Qurat ul, Saima Anwar, and Shumaila Rafiq. "Situating Women in Trauma of War: An Analysis of Baghdad Burning: A Blog from an Iraqi Woman." Global Regional Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(vi-ii).10.

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The paper deals with situating women in war trauma in Baghdad Burning Volume 2, a girl's blog from Iraq. In the current study, the researcher attempts to reveal the rising of fundamentalism in Iraq after the war. The objective of this study is to safeguard the rights and honour of women after traumatic experiences. The study explores whether the unlashed media is doing its duties truthfully or it dishonestly manipulates the facts about the Iraqi women's traumatic experiences. The paper exposes the reason behind the hiding of the true identity of the author, pseudo-named Riverbend. The framework for the study has been taken from an article "A Conceptual Framework for the Impact of Traumatic Experiences", written by Eve B Carlson and the co-author Constance Dalenberg. The study unfolds the reality that a traumatic event becomes a nightmare, especially for a woman, and a series of flashbacks to the same traumatic experience becomes recurrent. The paper concludes the living standards, disparities and situation of women in contemporary war-stricken Iraq.
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Ghena, Hanaa Khlaif. "War is Herstory Home Front Women in the Poetry of Adnan Al-Sayegh." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 3, no. 3 (September 7, 2023): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.3.3.3.

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Woman characters abound in the poetry of the Iraqi poet, Adnan Al-Sayegh who is influenced, in his presentation of her, by three mainfactors, namely, war, political system, and patriarchal norms. Al-Sayegh’s women are essentially of four types: the mother, thelover/sweetheart, the war victim, and the working class woman.Drawing on Bamberg’s concept of ‘small stories,’ this paper is anattempt at exploring those women’s small and underrepresented storieswhich tell a lot about social, political, and economic conditions in Iraq.The paper argues that although small and unexciting, these stories doshed light on the social status and ordeals of women in Iraq. Women’s‘small stories’ are then analyzed in a number of poems that best reflectthe characteristics of each type of woman. It concludes that thesewomen’s stories which take place at home fronts are no less significantthan the stories narrated by men. Women’s stories ultimately revealpart of the unofficial and often unspoken of history of war in Iraq.
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Zehtabi, Maryam. "Iranian Women and Gender in the Iran-Iraq War." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 17, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 454–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-9306902.

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Efrat, Noga. "Productive or reproductive? The roles of Iraqi Women during the Iraq‐Iran War." Middle Eastern Studies 35, no. 2 (April 1999): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263209908701265.

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Oliver, Kelly. "Media Representations of Women and the “Iraq War”." Journal of Philosophy: A Cross-Disciplinary Inquiry 5, no. 12 (2010): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphilnepal201051213.

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Hegland, Mary Elaine, and Magdalena Rodziewicz. "Reports." Anthropology of the Middle East 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ame.2023.180108.

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Mateo Mohammad Farzaneh, Iranian Women and Gender in the Iran–Iraq War (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2021), 457 pp. International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences Commission on the Middle East Conference ‘The Middle East from the Margin’, 7–9 September 2022, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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Koolaee, Elaheh. "The Impact of Iraq-Iran War on Social Roles of Iranian Women." Middle East Critique 23, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2014.949937.

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Ahmed Al Samaraie, Nasir. "Humanitarian implications of the wars in Iraq." International Review of the Red Cross 89, no. 868 (December 2007): 929–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383108000155.

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AbstractThe current situation in Iraq could be described as a “war on civilians”, for it mainly affects the livelihood and well-being of the civilian population, while serious security problems prevent the Iraqi people from leading a normal life. Going beyond the direct victims of the conflict, this article deals with the daily problems faced by Iraqi society, namely the lack of security in terms of housing, education and health care, as well as protection for the more vulnerable such as women and children. The forcible eviction of many Iraqis is, however, the main problem threatening the basic cohesion of Iraqi society.
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Koolaee, Elaheh, and Ziba Akbari. "Fragile State in Iraq and Women Security." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 4, no. 3 (July 24, 2017): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798917711294.

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After the Cold War and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the term “fragile states” has gained increasing prominence in security debates and the international community turned its attention to how to deal with such countries. These security concerns originate from several factors: emphasis on building peace and security, spread of this idea that development and security are related, and the principle that the stability of state plays an influential role in its development. The term “fragile state” refers to weak states that are vulnerable to internal and external threats and have a poor government that is incapable of managing internal affairs and external policy. In this regard, Iraq was considered as a fragile state after 2003, and its stability has been evaluated poor since ever. The present study employed indices of fragile state and human security in order to investigate the effect of Iraq’s fragile state on development of threats to women security. Violation of human security in Iraq after 2003 was caused by failure in nation state-building process and weakness of Iraqi government in maintaining societal order and unity. Therefore, the main question that the present study aims to address is: “How has women security been threatened by Iraq’s crisis and its fragile state?”
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women and war – Iraq"

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Brand, Tamara Diane Drenttel. "The Gendered Effects of Violence: War, Women's Health and Experience in Iraq." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193231.

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The violence stemming from the occupation and civil war between 2003 and 2008 in Iraq redefined the oppression and suffering of Iraqi women, disrupting and shifting their social and familial roles, while also making them vulnerable as targets in the civil conflict. This thesis demonstrates the complexity of motive and aim to the violence committed against Iraqi women and argues that the effects of that violence were far more wide reaching and layered than simply the impact of the violent act itself. Because of this, the effects of violence go beyond the battlefield and affect women in the most intimate way possible - their lives, their health and that of their children. By analyzing how violence has intruded upon and shaped the daily reality of Iraqi women one is able to better understand the gendered experience of conflict and violence in Iraq and its responsibility for the deterioration of Iraqi women's health and well-being.
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Al-Athari, Lamees. ""This rhythm does not please me" : women protest war in Dunya Mikhail's poetry." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/865.

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Phillips, Maureen Patricia. "Birthing a third gender : the discourse of women in the American military /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9514.

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Fritz, Audra Jaclyn. "Military Women A Content Analysis of United States and United Kingdom Newspapers Portrayal During the Iraq War." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1391.

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The purpose of this study was to determine how the tone and roles of women serving in the Iraq War were portrayed in newspaper articles. Issues of how women in the military were portrayed in terms of page and story prominence were also of importance. A content analysis was conducted in order to determine the tone, roles, story, and page placement of newspaper articles published in the United States and the United Kingdom over a 7-year time period. Newspaper articles related to the topic were retrieved from the LexisNexis database and analyzed. The results showed that mentions of military women during the Iraq War in United Kingdom newspapers were almost twice as negative as those in United States newspapers (28.4% vs. 15.5%). Story placement of women in the military was more prominent in United States newspapers than United Kingdom newspapers. Mentions of women in news articles were 14.8 percentage points more positive than those in editorials. The tone of women serving in the military during the Iraq War was most polarized at the beginning of the war and became increasingly neutral as the war progressed.
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Whitney, Janelle. "Kayla Williams' Love my rifle more than you and the negotiation of the female soldier." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1143429148.

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Said, Hannah. "Refugee women| The cross cultural impact of war related trauma experienced by Iraqi and Vietnamese women." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1600596.

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The purpose of the study is to conduct research and bring awareness to war related events experienced by female refugees. Refugees from war torn countries arrive to the United States with various forms of trauma—some war related and others not. Trauma experienced by refugees can significantly impact their mental health and overall quality of life. Reliable and valid screenings/interventions, that use quantitative and qualitative methods, have proven to be beneficial. Currently there is limited information regarding the range of war related trauma and health outcomes experienced by female refugees of Middle Eastern (Kurdish) and Asian (Vietnamese) descent. This study examines the difference in migration, employment, education, health insurance, mental health, and personal problems experienced by 60 Vietnamese and 44 Iraqi women. An exploratory, qualitative and quantitative, research design was employed to detect war related, traumatic events. The ultimate aim of the study was to focus on the cross-cultural impact of war related trauma and its mental health and overall effects on female refugees.

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Kashou, Hanan Hussam. "War and Exile In Contemporary Iraqi Women’s Novels." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1386038139.

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Vasey, Katherine Elizabeth. "A country welcome : emotional wellbeing and belonging among Iraqi women in rural Australia /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002889.

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Gößmann, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Gendered violence in violent environments: Expressions, conditions, and associations of intimate partner violence and mental health among women affected by war in northern Iraq / Katharina Gößmann." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123291360X/34.

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Goodman, Brianne. "The strength of Muslim American couples in the face of heightened discrimination from September 11th and the Iraq War : a project based upon an independent investigation /." View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5950.

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Books on the topic "Women and war – Iraq"

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Enloe, Cynthia H. Nimo's war, Emma's war: Making feminist sense of the Iraq War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

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Monahan, Evelyn. A few good women: America's military women from World War II to the war in Iraq. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.

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Al-Windawi, Thura. Thura's diary: My life in wartime Iraq. Carmel, CA: Hampton-Brown, 2004.

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Māfī, Farzānah. Āshnāyān-i nāʹāshnā: Barrasī-i naqsh-i zanān dar pīshburd-i ahdāf-i difāʻ-i muqaddas. [Tehran?]: Dabīrkhānah-i Dāʼimī-i Kungrih-i Barrasī-i Naqsh-i Zanān dar Difāʻ-i va Amnīyat, 1997.

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Jūdakī, Muḥammad ʻAlī. Naqsh-i zanān dar difāʻ-i muqaddas. Tihrān: Markaz-i Asnād-i Inqilāb-i Islāmī, 2016.

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Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. and Women Waging Peace, eds. Building a new Iraq: Women's role in reconstruction. [Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2004.

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Christine, Pratt Nicola, ed. What kind of liberation?: Women and the occupation of Iraq. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.

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Velasco, Lucía Rayas. Armadas: Un análisis de gérnero desde el cuerpo de las mujeres combatientes. México, D.F: Colegio de México, 2009.

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Velasco, Lucía Rayas. Armadas: Un análisis de gérnero desde el cuerpo de las mujeres combatientes. México, D.F: Colegio de México, 2009.

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Al-Windawi, Thura. Thura's diary: My life in wartime Iraq. Carmel, CA: Hampton-Brown, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Women and war – Iraq"

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Imam, Hayat. "Aftermath of U.S. Invasions: The Anguish of Women in Afghanistan and Iraq." In Women, War, and Violence, 117–34. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230111974_8.

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Al-Ali, Nadje, and Nicola Pratt. "Positionalities, intersectionalities, and transnational feminism in researching women in post-invasion Iraq." In Researching War, 76–91. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016. | Series:: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315687490-5.

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Cunningham, Karla J. "Female Participation in the Iraqi Insurgency: Insights into Nationalist and Religious Warfare." In Women, War, and Violence, 205–17. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230111974_13.

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Fox, Rachel Gregory. "Subalternity and the ‘War on Terror’." In (Re)Framing Women in Post-Millennial Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran, 44–66. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003270072-4.

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Arsanios, Marwa. "Who’s Afraid of Ideology?" In War-torn Ecologies, An-Archic Fragments, 67–83. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-27_3.

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Artist Marwa Arsanios shares textual fragments from research she conducted for the first and second parts of a video trilogy titled Who’s Afraid of Ideology? Meditating on the voiding effects of war, and the ecological and affective texture of communal resistance and eco-feminist praxis as they emerge in Iraqi Kurdistan, Lebanon, and northern Syria, the text takes us to ecological milieux made of wild medicinal plants, fig trees, Kurdish guerrillas, and farmers in a women-only commune.
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Yuhl, Stephanie E. "Militarized US Women from the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan: Citizenship, Homelessness, and the Construction of Public Memory in a Time of War 1." In Gendered Wars, Gendered Memories, 159–78. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2016. | Series: The feminist imagination – Europe and beyond: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315584225-11.

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Tripathi, Deepak. "Iraq War." In Afghanistan and the Vietnam Syndrome, 65–82. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23555-9_5.

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El-Shibiny, Mohamed. "World War with Terrorism." In Iraq, 17–24. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230107731_2.

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Davidson, Jason W. "Iraq." In America's Allies and War, 133–68. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230118485_6.

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al-Sharqi, Amal. "The Emancipation of Iraqi Women." In Iraq, 74–87. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252719-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Women and war – Iraq"

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Abdalhusein Almtlak, Asmar. "The genocide crimes of ISIS gangs in Iraq 2014-2017." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/41.

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During the period confined between 2014-2017, the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) took control of a number of important cities in Iraq, and the organization led a wide campaign of violence and systematic violations of human rights and international law, which amounts to war crimes and crimes against humanity. 0 The Iraqi people were subjected to the largest brutal crime in the history of humanity when these terrorist elements targeted women, children, civilians and minorities, as well as religion and belief, and committed many crimes of genocide against them.
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سلمان عيسى, صديق, and وليد محمد عمر. "Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/31.

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"ABSTRACT Anfal Campaign and Kurdish Genocide The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period, the word Anfal has come to represent the entire genocide over decades Hundreds of thousands of men, women and children were executed during a systematic attempt to exterminate the Kurdish population in Iraq in the Anfal operations in the late 198s. Their towns and villages were attacked by chemical weapons, and many women and children were sent to camps where they lived in appalling conditions. Men and boys of 'battle age' were targeted and executed en masse. The campaign takes its name from Suratal-Anfal in the Qur'an. Al Anfal literally means the spoils (of war) and was used to describe the military campaign of extermination and looting commanded by Ali Hassan al-Majid. The Ba'athists misused what the Qur'an says. Anfal in the Qur'an does not refer to genocide, but the word was used as a code name by the former Iraqi regime for the systematic attacks against the Kurdish population.. "
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Ali, Ronak, Saleh Haji Awla, Aza Abd, Hemin Hameed, and Hataw Mohammed. "Assessment of Knowledge and Expectations for ultrasound examination as a standard element of antenatal care among Pregnant Women in Iraq." In 3rd Scientific Conference on Women’s Health. Hawler Medical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/crewh.2022.02.

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Background and objectives: The ultrasound scan is now a widely used technique in prenatal treatment. We attempted to assess pregnant women's knowledge and expectations regarding the use of ultrasonography during pregnancy in Iraq. To assess pregnant women's knowledge and expectations regarding the use of ultrasonography during pregnancy in Iraq. Methods: We completed a cross-sectional survey of pregnant women seen in Azadi Teaching Hospital Sonography Department and private clinic in Iraq, Iraq. The data collection was conducted in May - June 2021. The study population Consists of all pregnant women that visit this Department for obstetric ultrasound Scans. Only pregnant women that came for obstetric scan were added in the study exclude other scans such as abdominal or renal scans. The final sample size was 81 participants. Results: From the total 81 participants, table 3.1 shows that the majority of the pregnant mother was 51.9% younger than 30 years, 48.1% Older than 30 Years. In the same cases, 37% of pregnant women were in their 1st semester, 39.5% of pregnant women were in their 2nd semester and 23.5% of pregnant women were in their 3rd semester. Conclusions: The study established that most of the participants are informed of the ultrasound scan. The subjects also believed that the procedure is safe and the main purpose for performing it is fetal wellbeing and viability.
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Muhammad Salih AL-AZZAWI, Zainab, and Yousif Inad Zamil AL-IDI. "Disabled Women in the Iraq Sport Community "An Alytical Study in the Sociology of Sports and Disability”." In I.International Congress ofWoman's Studies. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/lady.con1-14.

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The search discusses the social reality of disabled women and the impact of disability which is increasing day by day for reasons related to diseases, wars ,accidents and political crises experienced by the country the study also shows the interaction between disabled women in the sports sector and members of society and how to integrate and participate in sports activities that benefit them to improve their social reality disability has left its mark on the lives of disabled women their effects appear on them. Therefore, participation in sports activities helps to restore the psychological balance of women with disabilities and develop self – confidence and is one of the most important mechanisms and ways to improve their social status within the sports center.
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Najim ABDULLAH, Rawaa, Mustafa jawad KADHAM, and Saif Ali Mohammed HUSSEIN. "PREVALENCE OF SYPHILIS AMONG BLOOD VOLUNTEERS IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE / IRAQ." In VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-14.

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The bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum causes syphilis, a sexually and blood-transmitted illness (STD). The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary according on the stage of the illness (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary). The goal of this study is to use serological and immunological testing to evaluate the prevalence of syphilis among blood donors in Baghdad province. The current study was done on a total of 28287 blood donors at the main blood bank in Baghdad who were tested between April 2020 and March 2021. They ranged in age from 20 to 75 years and were screened throughout the study period between April 2020 and March 2021. Serum, plasma and whole blood samples were collected, tested for IgG,IgA and IgM by ELISA. The results of the epidemiological study revealed that 200 instances of syphilis were found among 28287 blood samples donated by volunteers, with no signs of the disease. There were 189 men (94.5%) and 11 women (5.5%), resulting in a male to female ratio of 17:1. According to the findings of the current study, the incidence of syphilis among blood donors in both sexes varied in proportion to the donors' socio-demographic parameters, with a higher frequency in men. the study shows the following percentages: Unemployed / jobless 139 (69. 5 percent), governments 35 (17.5%), merchants 12 (6%), farmers 11 (5.5%), and students 3 (1.5%). The majority were 85 (42.5 percent), with primary study accounting for 75 (37.5%), secondary study 31 (15.5%), tertiary 6 (3%), and university graduates 3 (1.5%). The findings indicated that married people had 154 (77%) more infections than unmarried people 46 (23%). The individuals' ABO profiles were 92 (46%) O, 64 (32%) A, 33 (16.5%) B, and 11 (5.5%) AB. Syphilis serology had been performed and showed positive treponemal IgG, IgA & IgM by ELISA, The showed that results all 200 samples of donor's blood were positive for TPHA test.
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Hamah Saeed, Tahseen. "Assumptions and legal and political intellectual principles of positive discrimination of women and their application to the laws in force in the Kurdistan region." In REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp149-170.

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"This research enters into the field of philosophy of law. He investigated it about the positive differentiation of women in legal thought. After defining the assumptions of the concept, such as the necessity to distinguish between formal equality, and real equality, because positive differentiation is a privilege given to the disadvantaged as if it appears to create inequality, and it is formed until it compensates them with the forbidden, which was practiced before and is now practiced. And that positive differentiation is not only concerned with women but also with all other disadvantaged groups, such as minorities, children and the elderly, even if the female component is more visible. So it entered into the global legislative policy, whether in international law or in national law, so would hold international agreements, hold conferences and establish international organizations for that. Positive differentiation is considered a subsidiary legal principle and complementary to the principle of equality and fairness, and for this existence is related to the existence of that principle, and it is known that the principle are not often written in legislation, but the legislator must take them into account when setting legal rules. Positive the positive differentiation as a legal principle that is observed in global legislation, and the legislator in the Kurdistan region of Iraq tried to observe the principle at a time when the federal legislator did not pay much attention to the principle, and this legislative policy in the region is more in line with the global legislative policy, and this is why the Kurdistan legislator tried to repeal or amend federal law Or legislate new laws in implementation of the principle that fall within its powers, so the anti-family violence law is a perfect example of this, which has no parallel in Iraq so far."
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Barzinji, Arazu, Hamdia Ahmed, and Abubakir Saleh. "Perception of mothers about dental caries of their children in Erbil city, Iraq: A qualitative study." In 3rd Scientific Conference on Women’s Health. Hawler Medical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/crewh.2022.07.

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Background & objectives: Mother's health education is an important factor and has a significant effect on child tooth decay. This study aimed to identify perception of mother about dental caries of their children in Erbil city, Iraq. Methods: A qualitative study involving interviewing 29 women was conducted in Erbil, Iraq, from December 2021 to June 2022. Required data were gathered by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with participants. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The scripts were analyzed using the six methodological activities of Van Manen (1990), and the themes were extracted. Results: Most mothers said that their child's teeth are rotten because of eating sweets and not brushing their teeth. The majority of mothers did not know the type of teeth and symptoms of tooth decay in their children. Most of them thought that the milk tooth falls out by itself and is replaced by another tooth. Many suggestions have been made to improve dental health of the children like putting oral health program in the curriculum of the schools, education programs for the mother. Conclusions: Most of the mothers do not have information about teeth decay. They took their child to dentist, when their child restless due to tooth pain. Mothers suggested that, ministry of health and education should work together to increase dental health education of children and mothers.
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Kareem, Hero, and Sultana Begum. "Satisfaction levels of people towards health care system in MENA region Variances based on Gender, Age, Education, Income and Occupation." In 3rd Scientific Conference on Women’s Health. Hawler Medical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/crewh.2022.01.

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Background and objective: A health care system is an amalgamation of all organizations, people and actions whose primary objective is to promote, restore or maintain health of people of a country. It includes the infrastructure, occupational health and safely legislations, Women education promotions and all that determines the health of the people of the nation. This study aimed to explore the satisfaction levels of the health care system as well as the satisfaction of quality of health care and people perspective. It also contributes for the new area of research and implications promote and help in policy decisions of the regions. Methods: The seventh wave of World Values Survey conducted worldwide during 2017 to 2021 has more than two hundred and ninety values- parameters on which the opinion of the people is collected. The survey also collects the satisfaction levels of the respondents on various issues and one of them is the health care system. In this research paper the researchers used the survey data to explore and analyze the satisfaction levels of the respondents (N= 4,803) in MENA Region especially the four countries Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Egypt. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. Mann- Whitney U Test and Kruskal Wallis Test are the tools used to compute the variance. Results: The results with regard to satisfaction level on the health care system shows that 37.4 % of respondents of Egypt are completely dissatisfied on the health care system of their country followed by Lebanon (36.8%), Iraq (34.5%) and Jordan only (6.6%). Based on state of health of the respondents, highest number of respondents of Jordan opined that their state of health is Very Good or Good followed by Lebanon, Egypt and Iraq. Regarding satisfaction with the quality of health care system, highest number of respondents from Iraq (39.5%) is very dissatisfied with the quality of health care services in their country followed by Egypt, Lebanon and Jordan. Conclusion: The findings depict that most of the respondents are completely dissatisfied or rather dissatisfied with the health care system in the MENA Region. This is an alarming signal and need to be researched further. There were significant variances among the respondents based on the gender, age, education, income, employment, occupation and country of origin. But the variances differed from country to another.
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Croft, LA, M. Puig-García, C. Silver, J. Pearlman, DUS Stellmach, NSB Gray, B. Stringer, and GNC Caleo. "A multi-site synthesis on health and wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic: findings from seven countries." In MSF Scientific Days International 2022. NYC: MSF-USA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/b641-d608.

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INTRODUCTION Between 2020 and 2021, MSF’s social sciences team designed and supported implementation of qualitative assessments to better understand community-level outbreak responses and well-being in the context of Covid-19. Assessments were conducted in seven sites, specifically Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Chad, Iraq, Tajikistan, Syria, and Somaliland. Although a single protocol was designed and followed, each site was unique in terms of its setting (e.g. camp, conflict, urban, or rural), who implemented assessments (e.g. field epidemiologists, health promotion staff), timing of implementation (early phase of the pandemic versus late phase), and community involvement. Here we present a synthesis of the assessments to inform future public health responses. METHODS Synthesis involved secondary analysis of qualitative reports over five iterative phases. Phase 1 involved in-depth reading of each report, during which analytic annotation and note-taking took place. In Phase 2, each report was coded inductively. In Phase 3, codes were reviewed, defined, and clustered into initial categories and themes. Phase 4 involved reviewing and refining codes, categories, and themes, and establishing connections. In Phase 5, synthesis findings were organised and written up. The process was managed using the software ATLAS.ti. ETHICS This synthesis is an a posteriori analysis of secondary data. Ethics approval for primary data was granted by officials in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Chad, Iraq, Tajikistan, Syria, and Somaliland and the MSF Ethics Review Board. RESULTS Overall 138, people participated in the assessments, of which 21 (15%) were women. Participants included health workers, community members, traditional healers, chiefs, young people, women’s leaders and local staff. Four themes were identified: 1) exacerbation of pre-existing vulnerabilities and inequalities; 2) disruption of coping mechanisms; 3) awareness of the risks of Covid-19; 4) community as a public health enabler. The pandemic was seen to magnify existing social inequalities and overall health burden. Public health measures to control the spread of Covid-19 often disrupted community coping mechanisms by causing fear of separation and practical challenges around compliance. Awareness of the risks of Covid-19 and understanding of prevention measures were high, with socio-economic costs of compliance relying on external funding and relief. A community led intervention for effective public health controls varied between sites, depending on previous outbreak experiences (e.g. Ebola and tuberculosis), and/or settings experiencing protracted conflict (e.g. Syria, and Iraq). CONCLUSION Our synthesis illustrates syndemic effects of the pandemic. From an operational perspective, there is a need to diversify humanitarian, social, and health interventions, and strengthen approaches to working with communities to identify how best to take forward public health measures in humanitarian settings. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None declared.
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Xian, Di, Anlai Sun, and Xinjiang Zheng. "Analyzing the dust storm in Iraq using meteorological satellite data during the Iraq war." In Remote Sensing of the Environment: 15th National Symposium on Remote Sensing of China, edited by Qingxi Tong, Wei Gao, and Huadong Guo. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.682165.

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Reports on the topic "Women and war – Iraq"

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Yousef, Yohanna, and Nadia Butti. “There is No Safety”: The Intersectional Experiences of Chaldean Catholic and Orthodox Women in Iraq . Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.026.

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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the marginalisation and discrimination faced by Chaldean Catholic Christian women in Iraq. Christian communities in Iraq have faced threats and discrimination throughout their history. Their numbers have declined considerably in recent years as more Christians have been displaced or forced to migrate due to war, occupation and persecution. This research, which focuses on the experiences of Chaldean Catholic and Orthodox women and men in Iraq, demonstrates the commonalities among different groups of Christian women and men. However, it also highlights the specific challenges facing Christian women, interlinked with their identities as women who are part of a religious minority and to their geographic location.
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Sarhan, Faiza Diab. Sabean-Mandaean Women’s Experiences: The Intersectional Impact of Religious and Ideological Conflict in Iraqi Society. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.007.

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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion faced by Sabean-Mandaean women in Iraq. Within the Sabean-Mandaean community, women are traditionally seen to have great value. Inheritance is split equally between women and men, and children have a religious name as well as a lay name that traces the lineage of their mother. However, Sabean-Mandaean women in Iraq today face a range of inequalities and discrimination based on the intersection of their religious identity and gender. The US occupation of Iraq in 2003, the following sectarian wars, and the 2014 ISIS invasion had a profound impact on the lives of all Sabean-Mandaean people in Iraq. As a religious minority, Sabean-Mandaeans continue to find themselves subject to oppression, discrimination and exile.
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Pretari, Alexia, and Filippo Artuso. Resilience in Iraq: Impact Evaluation of the ‘Safe access to resilient livelihoods opportunities for vulnerable conflict-affected women in Kirkuk’ project. Oxfam GB, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8731.

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Between May 2016 and March 2018, Oxfam in Iraq, together with the Iraqi Al Amal Association (IAA), collaborated on the ‘Safe access to resilient livelihoods opportunities for vulnerable conflict-affected women in Kirkuk’ project. Funded by UN Women, the project marked the first collaboration between Oxfam and IAA (a women’s rights organization working in Kirkuk). The core themes of the project were women’s rights and economic justice. It aimed to reach women who had been displaced, were returnees at the time, or members of the communities to which displaced people had moved (host communities). This Effectiveness Review focuses on investigating the impact of support to income-generating activities on the women who received this support. The evaluation used a mixed methods design. Acknowledging that different women face different barriers and may have therefore benefitted differently from the project, an initial vulnerability assessment was carried out to bring an intersectional lens to the review. Configurational analysis was used to explore the project's impact, alongside different types of qualitative analysis and descriptive statistics. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Avdimetaj, Teuta. Interacting with Trauma: Considerations and Reflections from Research in Kosovo. RESOLVE Network, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/rve2022.2.

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This chapter explores the role of trauma in violent extremism research, offering insights on its effects on the research process, providing insights on the radicalization process of individual cases, and informing reintegration prospects of returning foreign fighters and their family members. The chapter focuses on war-related trauma as a widespread experience in post-conflict societies, which may persist years after the war ends, scarring societies in numerous ways for generations and potentially creating an ongoing cycle of violence. The chapter begins with a brief overview of the available literature on the link between trauma and radicalization while bringing attention to existing gaps within this field. It then continues with insights from field research in Kosovo on how trauma was expressed among the family members of foreign fighters, including women returnees from the conflict zones in Syria and Iraq, and provides insight into how the author approached the subject in her own research.
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Harris, Melissa, and Alexia Pretari. Going Digital – Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI): Lessons learned from a pilot study. Oxfam GB, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7581.

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In this sixth instalment of the Going Digital Series, we share our experiences of using computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) software, which was researched and piloted following the outbreak of COVID-19 and the subsequent need for improved remote data collection practices. CATI is a survey technique in which interviews are conducted via a phone call, using an electronic device to follow a survey script and enter the information collected. This paper looks at the experience of piloting the technique in phone interviews with women in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq.
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Russell, James A., and James J. Wirtz. Preventive War against Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada525423.

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Alaaldin, Ranj. Proxy War in Iraq. VT Publishing, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/proxy-wars-alaaldin.

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Davis, Steven, Kevin Murphy, and Robert Topel. War in Iraq versus Containment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12092.

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Mendenhall, Robert K. Pre-War Planning for a Post-War Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432654.

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Oosterhoff, Pauline, and Raudah M. Yunus. The Effects of Social Assistance Interventions on Gender, Familial and Household Relations Among Refugees and Displaced Populations: A Review of the Literature on Interventions in Syria, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.011.

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This literature review aims to explore the evidence on the effects of social assistance on gender, familial, and household relations and power dynamics among refugees and (internally) displaced populations in Syria, Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon. It examines the findings from an intersectional gender perspective allowing the authors to build on the knowledge of ‘what works’ in interventions in general and hopefully improve gender equality and social inclusion. Out of 1,564 papers initially identified and screened, 22 were included in the final stage. A question that emerged as the papers were analysed was whether the arduous work of targeting individuals was efficient or necessary, given that the available evidence suggests that beneficiaries generally tend to share their stipend with other family members for the collective good. Most studies tended to conflate gender with women and girls – making distinctions between widowed, married, unmarried and divorced women – but ignoring other dimensions such as class, health status, religion, ethnicity, education, prior work experience, political affiliation, and civil participation. Many programmes and research fail to disaggregate data. Social assistance programmes focus on individuals and households, with little attention to the wider context and overall conflict. Most studies paid negligible attention to familial infrastructures and strategies for sustainable interventions. Access to, and use of, cash transfers are part of broader familial strategies to mobilise or increase resources including, for example, (male) migration in pursuit of remittances, or (female) dependency on ‘community charity’. Short-term cash transfers can, in some circumstances, disrupt individuals’ and families’ access to more sustainable income or ‘charity’. Thus, important questions are raised about the purpose of social assistance: does it aim to preserve or transform families through targeting?
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