Relevant bibliographies by topics / Women and the environment – Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Women and the environment – Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "Women and the environment – Australia"

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Myers, Helen, Leonie Segal, Derrick Lopez, Ian W. Li, and David B. Preen. "Impact of family-friendly prison policies on health, justice and child protection outcomes for incarcerated mothers and their dependent children: a cohort study protocol." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e016302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016302.

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IntroductionFemale imprisonment has numerous health and social sequelae for both women prisoners and their children. Examples of comprehensive family-friendly prison policies that seek to improve the health and social functioning of women prisoners and their children exist but have not been evaluated. This study will determine the impact of exposure to a family-friendly prison environment on health, child protection and justice outcomes for incarcerated mothers and their dependent children.Methods and analysisA longitudinal retrospective cohort design will be used to compare outcomes for mothers incarcerated at Boronia Pre-release Centre, a women’s prison with a dedicated family-friendly environment, and their dependent children, with outcomes for mothers incarcerated at other prisons in Western Australia (that do not offer this environment) and their dependent children. Routinely collected administrative data from 1985 to 2013 will be used to determine child and mother outcomes such as hospital admissions, emergency department presentations, custodial sentences, community service orders and placement in out-of home care. The sample consists of all children born in Western Australia between 1 January 1985 and 31 December 2011 who had a mother in a West Australian prison between 1990 and 2012 and their mothers. Children are included if they were alive and aged less than 18 years at the time of their mother’s incarceration. The sample comprises an exposed group of 665 women incarcerated at Boronia and their 1714 dependent children and a non-exposed comparison sample of 2976 women incarcerated at other West Australian prisons and their 7186 dependent children, creating a total study sample of 3641 women and 8900 children.Ethics and disseminationThis project received ethics approval from the Western Australian Department of Health Human Research Ethics Committee, the Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee and the University of Western Australia Human Research Ethics Committee.
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Kirk, KM, HH Maes, MC Neale, AC Heath, NG Martin, and LJ Eaves. "Frequency of church attendance in Australia and the United States: models of family resemblance." Twin Research 2, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.2.2.99.

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AbstractData on frequency of church attendance have been obtained from separate cohorts of twins and their families from the USA and Australia (29 063 and 20 714 individuals from 5670 and 5615 families, respectively). The United States sample displayed considerably higher frequency of attendance at church services. Sources of family resemblance for this trait also differed between the Australian and US data, but both indicated significant additive genetic and shared environment effects on church attendance, with minor contributions from twin environment, assortative mating and parent–offspring environmental transmission. Principal differences between the populations were in greater maternal environmental effects in the US sample, as opposed to paternal effects in the Australian sample, and smaller shared environment effects observed for both women and men in the US cohort.
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Drummond, Peter D., Ayse Mizan, and Bernadette Wright. "HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes among West African immigrant women in Western Australia." Sexual Health 5, no. 3 (2008): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07077.

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Background: Most women who live in sub-Saharan countries have heard of HIV/AIDS, but there is still widespread misunderstanding about how HIV is spread, the consequences of infection, and how to protect against infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate knowledge about HIV and attitudes towards condom use in West African refugees who had settled in Perth, Western Australia, within the past 5 years. Methods: Knowledge about transmission of HIV, myths about how HIV is spread, incorrect beliefs about protective factors, the effectiveness of condoms in protecting against sexually transmissible infections, and attitudes towards condom use were investigated by survey in 51 West African women, and in 100 Australian women for comparison. Where possible, each West African woman was matched for age and level of education with an Australian woman. Results: Knowledge of HIV was poorest in the least educated West African women, but many of the more highly educated women also had misconceptions about how HIV is spread, how to protect against HIV, and the effectiveness of condoms in protecting against HIV. Moreover, most West African women held negative attitudes towards condom use. Within the Australian sample, HIV knowledge was greatest in women with tertiary qualifications, and was greater in younger than older women; in addition, attitudes towards condom use differed across the age span. Conclusions: The findings in the present study suggest that educational programs that focus on knowledge about HIV should be tailored to meet the needs and cultural sensitivities of newly emerging immigrant communities, and should target particular demographic groups within the Australian population.
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Williams, Lauren K., Lukar Thornton, Kylie Ball, and David Crawford. "Is the objective food environment associated with perceptions of the food environment?" Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 2 (August 11, 2011): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011001947.

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AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined whether objective measures of the food environment are associated with perceptions of the food environment and whether this relationship varies by socio-economic disadvantage.DesignThe study is a cross-sectional analysis of self-report surveys and objective environment data. Women reported their perceptions on the nutrition environment. Participants’ homes and food stores were geocoded to measure the objective community nutrition environment. Data on the average price and variety of fruit and vegetables were used to measure the objective consumer nutrition environment.SettingThe study was conducted in Melbourne, Australia, in 2003–2004.SubjectsData presented are from a sample of 1393 women aged 18–65 years.ResultsOverall the match between the perceived and objective environment was poor, underscoring the limitations in using perceptions of the environment as a proxy for the objective environment. Socio-economic disadvantage had limited impact on the relationship between perceived and objective nutrition environment.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to understand the determinants of perceptions of the nutrition environment to enhance our understanding of the role of perceptions in nutrition choices and drivers of socio-economic inequalities in nutrition.
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Doyal, Lesley. "Keynote Addresses: What Makes Women Sick? Promoting Women's Health: The Changing Agenda for Health Promotion." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 3 (1998): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98027.

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The creation of a National Women's Health Policy in 1989 put Australia at the forefront of developments in women's health. By contrast, in the United Kingdom there is still no clear strategy for improving gender equity in the health service, and many of the principles taken for granted in Australia are not even on the National Health Service agenda. The current reforms of our health service do reflect a backing away from the 'quasi markets' of the Conservative era. However, little attention has been paid during this process to the specific needs of women. So Australia is still ahead, with Victoria in particular playing a key role in disseminating examples of good practice, both at home and internationally. The Australian Women's Health Policy and Program provides a fertile environment for innovation in good practice, but this does not mean that there is nothing left to achieve. Indeed, it may well require considerable effort just to maintain what has already been put in place. To move forward will mean continuing to confront those challenges in trying to improve women's health around the world. These are addressed by looking at three key themes: reconfiguring medicine; dealing with diversity; and gendering the social model of health. In each case these themes are placed in a global context.
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Yusuf, Farhat, and Dora K. Briggs. "Incidence of hysterectomy and tubal ligation in public hospitals in South Australia, 1980–82." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 4 (October 1988): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017570.

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SummaryThis paper presents information on the incidence of hysterectomy and tubal ligation in South Australia in the period 1980–82, and on the age, marital status and ethnicity of women undergoing these procedures in public hospitals during the period. A typical woman undergoing one of these procedures was married or previously married and in her mid-40s for hysterectomy or mid-30s for tubal ligation. South Australian women had a lifetime chance of one in six of undergoing hysterectomy and of one in five of undergoing tubal ligation. The findings are consonant with the suggestion that increasing numbers of women are choosing forms of sterilization as means of contraception.
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Martínez-Rives, Noelia Lucía, Bibha Dhungel, Pilar Martin, and Stuart Gilmour. "Method-Specific Suicide Mortality Trends in Australian Men from 1978 to 2017." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 4557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094557.

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In 2017 Australia saw the highest overall suicide rate in the past 10 years, with male suicide rates three times higher than in women. Since the mid-1980s there have been major changes in suicide epidemiology in Australia with large shifts in method of suicide among both men and women. This study examined method-specific suicide trends in Australian men over the past 40 years by state. Suicide mortality data for the period 1978 to 2017 was obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) National Mortality Database and log-linear Poisson regression analysis was used to analyse suicide mortality. This study found large differences between states in patterns and trends in suicide mortality from 1978 to 2017. Hanging, gas and firearms were the most common methods of suicide in Australia. We found statistically significant increasing trends in hanging suicide among men in all six states. The study findings highlight the growing concern of hanging-related suicide in all states in Australia since the late 1970s. New suicide prevention strategies focusing on the ubiquity and ease of hanging as a method will be needed in order for Australia to reduce suicide mortality in future.
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Byrne, Margaret, Linda Broadhurst, Michelle Leishman, and Kathy Belov. "Women in conservation science making a difference." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 3 (2018): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18061.

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Conservation science has a long history of providing the evidence-base that underpins management of diverse and unique biota and landscapes. This special issue brings together the stories of a range of women in conservation science to showcase the great work being done to develop and improve our knowledge and understanding of Australian plants, animals and ecosystems, across a range of disciplines and sectors. We focus on Australia in recognition of recent commitments by Australian institutions to achieve gender parity in Australian science, while acknowledging the achievements of women in conservation science globally. In this overview we highlight several exemplary women who have paved the way for those of us who have come after them, and present a brief snapshot of the careers of these women to acknowledge their contributions to the development of conservation science, and its associated disciplines. We also distil some common themes that have been identified by the women in the articles featured in this special issue, particularly passion and enthusiasm for the natural environment; multiple pathways that women have taken; satisfaction derived from working collaboratively across disciplines and with a variety of scientists, policy, managers and practitioners; and seeking to embrace diversity. A striking point from many of the stories, that we hope is changing now, is that many of the women had few female role models, yet the stories highlight their resilience and determination and their desire to inspire other young women to take up the challenge of a career in conservation science.
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Renfree, Marilyn B. "WOMEN IN REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE: Reproduction down under." Reproduction 158, no. 6 (December 2019): F127—F137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0230.

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Australia is home to a unique assembly of mammals – the marsupials and monotremes. Despite this uniqueness, they have been largely ignored by the biomedical scientific community, and yet study of marsupials has contributed to modern research on reproduction, development, evolution, conservation, molecular and comparative genomics. My lifetime passion for these long-neglected Australian fauna has led to unexpected discoveries and insights that challenged assumptions and opened up new areas of international research. I used a range of disciplinary expertise to pursue the study of these unique mammals. My main experimental species has been the tammar wallaby that I have used as a model species to investigate and understand not only biomedical problems but also to provide knowledge that is critical for the continued conservation and management of Australia’s dwindling native mammals. This model provided more than a few surprises for me and my wonderful team of students, post-docs and collaborators about how hormones, genes and signalling molecules control reproductive biology and development in a wider context as well as how the interactions of the environment with mother and conceptus, with mother and fetus and mother and young ultimately control most aspects of successful reproduction in mammals.
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M. Wallace, Euan. "Prenatal Screening Strategies for Down Syndrome: Many Options but Few Answers." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 3 (1998): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98053.

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Down syndrome is the single most common cause of severe mental handicap in Australia. Prenatal screening for Down syndrome is therefore an important component of modern antenatal care. However, while effective second trimester serum screening for Down syndrome has been available in Australia for almost a decade it appears that the majority of Australian women, particularly those outside South Australia and New South Wales, are still not offered it. Newer methods of screening have been recently described and are already being offered in routine clinical practice. These methods, including nuchal translucency, will afford results earlier in pregnancy than second trimester serum screening and so are attractive to women. However, available evidence suggests that nuchal translucency may not perform as well as second trimester serum screening and further evaluation of the newer screening strategies in an Australian population is urgently required. Alteration of practice prior to such an evaluation is simply not warranted at this time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women and the environment – Australia"

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Cranwell, Caresse. "Women, environments and spirituality : a study of women in the Australian environment movement." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envc891.pdf.

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Ross-Smith, Anne. "Women who manage women's experience as managers in contemporary Australian organisations : implications for the discourse of management and organisation(s) /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/26116.

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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Graduate School of Management, 1999.
Bibliography: leaves 353-372.
Introduction and thesis overview -- A clarification of how common terms and key concepts within managerial and organisational discourse are interpreted within the thesis -- Theoretical and philosophical concerns: gender and the discourse of management and organisation(s) -- Contextualising the research: an overview of social, political, economic/business organisational conditions in contemporary Australia and review of literature germane to the empirical research studies -- Research methodology, judgement criteria and framework for analysis and representation -- Women managers: day to day managerial work and behaviour: ethnographic/participant observation studies -- Women's perceptions of their experience as managers: the interview studies -- Conclusions and thesis summary.
This thesis investigates the managerial experience of senior women in contemporary Australian public and private sector organisations and explores the implications this investigation has in relation to the discourse of management and organisation(s). -- The thesis proposes that although women have gained a presence in the ranks of senior management in the last twenty years, they continue to remain marginal to the discourse of management and organisation(s). The reason for this, it is argued, is because of the preoccupation this discourse has with conceptions of rationality and masculinity. This proposition is elaborated in the thesis by tracing the philosophical and sociological interpretations of reason and rationality from ancient Greek philosophy to its embodiment in the contemporary discourse of management and organisation(s). -- Whether for biological, social or psychological reasons, it can be argued that men and women are 'different'. A further proposition, therefore, is that they will have a 'different' experience as managers. On the basis of this proposal, the thesis evaluates contemporary theories of gender and sexual difference, but stops short of defining 'difference' specifically with regard to women's experience as managers. Instead, it allows the empirical research to determine what it is that constitutes 'difference' in such a context. -- The empirical component of the thesis seeks to develop an understanding of how senior women managers in contemporary Australian organisations both experience and interpret their experience in management. This is achieved by the use of two different, but complementary studies. Using an ethnographic/participant observation case study approach, the first of these investigates the day to day managerial activities, over time, of two senior women managers, one from the private and one from the public sector. The second component of the empirical research involves as series of in depth interviews with forty senior women managers in Australian public and private sector organisations, together with a small number of interviews with their immediate superiors and subordinates, and observation, by the researcher, of their workplaces. The location of the empirical research in the late 20th century, some twenty years or so after women started to enter the ranks of management in Australia, allows for a reflection on women's progress in management in this country during this period. It also allows for contemporary social and organisational conditions in Australia to be a consideration in evaluating the research participant's managerial experience. The thesis, therefore, links the empirical research findings to Australian literature and research on women and management, current social trends in this country, characteristics of the Australian business culture, Australian managementand the Australian manager.
The research framework utilised in the thesis is informed by critical, feminist and postmodern approaches to organisational analysis. For this reason the Deetz (1994) schema, which defines organisational reserch from the perspective of four differing discursive spaces - dialog, critical, interpretive and normative is utilised to locate the research orientation of the empirical studies. This schema recognises that overlap between the four discursive spaces is possible and thus can accommodate insights from each of the above mentioned approaches, as well as areas of overlap between them. -- The principal research findings suggest, in summary, that women in senior management in Australia largely conform to the traditional (masculine) norms that are deeply embedded in the discourse of management and organisation(s) and in managerial practice, yet at the same time, they consider themselves to be 'different'. A feminist interpretation of Social Contract theory, together with a feminist analysis of Foucault's (1988) notion of an 'ethics' of the self and the link between this notion and non essentialist feminist theory are used in the discussion of the empirical research findings to construct an interpretation of 'difference' as it applies to women's managerial experience. -- The contribution to knowledge in the field of organisational analysis that the thesis seeks to make includes: adding new grounded empirical research whcih uses alternative approaches to organisational understanding; providing a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical and sociological underpinnings of the relationship between management, rationality and masculinity; providing a platform for future policy development and organisational practice, and adding a perspective on contemporary managerial practice and organisation conditions against which to gauge classical studies of managerial work and behaviour. -- Finally, the thesis can also be seen to provide additional insights into recent critiques of essentialist feminsit theory and the 'feminisation of management'/female advantage literature.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
x, 376, [9] leaves
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Ramalingam, Malarvili. "Metal exposure in non-occupationally exposed pregnant women of Western Australia and contribution of environmental sources." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/450.

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Metals pollution is a growing global concern and human exposure has been associated with increased chronic and acute health effects even at low metal concentrations (Hu et al., 2006; US EPA, 2007; Rice et al., 2010; UNEP, 2010). Sensitive members of the population, such as neonates, children and pregnant women, in particular, are at increased risk due to their biological vulnerability (Jarup, 2003; Ettinger et al., 2007; US EPA, 2007). While much literature has examined exposure to metal contaminants, focussing on exposures from point sources, few studies have explored exposure in pregnant women and the factors that may influence their exposure. This study examined the degree of cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel and uranium exposure in non-occupationally exposed pregnant women and the factors and sources contributing to their exposure. Studies have shown that environmental media are potential sources of metals exposure for humans, and exposure in the general population can occur through inhalation of contaminated air, ingestion of contaminated drinking water and food, or by dermal contact. This study is one of the few conducted in Australia, where source identification was carried out on the basis of biological monitoring (personal exposure) and residential environmental concentrations. Source identification of metals using chemometrics was conducted to identify whether drinking water, soil and dust were potential sources of maternal exposure. A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the exposure of pregnant women aged between 19 and 44 years to specific metals. One hundred and nineteen women were recruited via local hospitals and the community in different locations across Western Australia (WA). Exposure assessment was undertaken using biological and environmental sampling in combination with questionnaire information. Cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel and uranium concentrations were determined in blood, urine, drinking water, soil and dust samples provided by the participants. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine a broad range of metals in blood, urine and drinking water, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for metals in soil and dust. The samples targeted for this study, were anticipated to contain low metal concentrations as the study involves a non-occupationally exposed population. Hence, sensitive analytical methods with improved detection limits were essential. Emphasis was given to blood analysis because it involves direct assessment of human exposure to metals and also because it has high matrix variability (IPCS, 2000; UNEP, 2008). Therefore, this study included the optimisation of the microwave digestion method for measuring a broad range of elements simultaneously in human blood using ICP-MS. In this study, most women recorded low concentrations of metals in blood and urine. Metals were detected in most samples with the exception of mercury in urine and nickel in blood. On the whole, the geometric mean blood and urinary cadmium, copper, lead, manganese and mercury concentrations of these pregnant Australian women were similar to or lower than ranges reported in the international literature. However, a few individuals, had high exposure concentrations especially cadmium and mercury, which have been shown to be associated with adverse health effects in other studies. The geometric mean blood and urinary nickel concentrations were elevated. Uranium concentrations in both blood and urine samples were high. The metal concentrations in drinking water, soil and dust samples were generally low, with the exception of uranium in dust. Regression analysis indicated that drinking water, soil and dust were not important contributors to maternal exposure at background concentrations, however, a chemometrics study revealed that mixed sources of environmental media may have significant contribution to metals exposure. Drinking water, soil and dust were identified as potential sources of metals in blood, but not in urine. Demographics, behaviours and lifestyle characteristics were found to be less contributing to maternal exposure but there were indications that diet and water supply might be important contributors. The results obtained provide some information on personal exposure concentrations of pregnant women residing in Western Australia resulting from non-occupational exposure to cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel and uranium, which can be used as a benchmark for future studies. Furthermore, this study employed a chemometrics approach and specifically partial least squares (PLS) to identify the sources. This allowed the determination of sources contributing to human exposure at lower metal concentrations. Finally, the presence of high concentrations of cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury in some maternal blood and urine samples, and the generally elevated nickel and uranium concentrations are cause for concern. Further studies are required to better understanding the risks associated with metals exposure and so provide a safer environment for all.
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Rabbitt, Elaine. "Kimberley Women : Their Experiences of Making a Remote Locality Home." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1677.

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In previous histories of Western Australia, pre-dominantly written from a male Eurocentric viewpoint, scant attention has been drawn to the everyday lives of country women. The study described in this dissertation explores the responses of women to the challenges of relocation and settlement within a remote locality in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.
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Nugent, Monica School of Science &amp Technology Studies UNSW. "Nature's women: ecofeminist reflections on Jabiluka." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Science & Technology Studies, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20331.

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Environmentalists see the protest against the Jabiluka uranium mine in Australia's Northern Territory as an example of positive green-black relations. The formation of an alliance between Aboriginal owners and greens to protest against the mine resulted in a lengthy campaign that included maintaining a camp near the leasesite and organising a long series of mass protest actions in a remote location over an extended period from March to October 1998. However, some tensions between greens and the traditional Aboriginal owners became evident as the campaign went on. This thesis traces the origins of these tensions to past conflicts between environmentalists and Aboriginal people and shows that they are largely related to their conflicting perceptions of the environment. Those perceptions arise from different knowledge systems and are encapsulated in the terms 'wilderness' and 'country', used to describe the physical world by environmentalists and Aboriginal owners respectively. I discuss the attitudes towards the environment that accompany those perceptions and consider the way they were manifest in some of the tensions that arose at Jabiluka. The close relationship between influential strands of environmentalism and Western science is a related source of conflict. My analysis of that relationship shows that environmentalism, via 'green science' is more closely aligned with the developmentalist worldview than the Aboriginal worldview. The thesis is an analytical reflection upon the Jabiluka Protesters' Camp based on the personal experience I gained from my fieldwork there and informed by the literature of feminism, ecofeminism, social constructionism and anthropology. I discuss the manifestations of ecofeminism I observed at Jabiluka. I argue that the Jabiluka Protesters' Camp functioned successfully because it utilised ecofeminist principles and practices, that as a consequence the relationship between greens and blacks has been strengthened and therefore that ecofeminism can continue to have a positive effect on those relations in the future.
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Thomas-Jones, Angela. "Fashioning the executive (look): Australian women, fashion and the rise of the new work order." Thesis, Thomas-Jones, Angela (2006) Fashioning the executive (look): Australian women, fashion and the rise of the new work order. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/345/.

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Fashion is not essential to completing an effective and productive day's work. Suits, shoulder pads and power dressing are images and phrases that encircle working women and are too often relegated to the empty cubicles of 1980s and 1990s history. The proliferation of internet-mediated commerce meant - in fictional narratives at least - women swapped their Claiborne for geek chic and 'up all night' hair, the preferential wear for New Economy employees.1 In the 2000s, the Australian employment industry - fractured, non-standard and fluid - is promoting a new 'creative' work order. What are the consequences of this transformation of ideology and iconography for workplace dressing and the bodies of the women who wear it? This doctoral thesis examines the relationship between fashion, clothes, women and work. The goal and methodology of this thesis is the alignment of work theory, with discourses of clothing and fashion, oral history, policy documents and popular culture. Such a research project requires interdisciplinary scholarship that activates debates about women's bodies, the state of the contemporary working environment and the dissonance in literacies between body and workplace. Through the application of semiotic and cultural studies, as well as drawing on theories of media, gender, labour, leisure, literacy and fashion, I investigate the position of women and their bodies within the contemporary Australian workplace. This thesis deploys oral histories to illuminate how women function in the changing Australian workplace. I have compiled these oral sources in order to capture specific experiences and portray the successes and struggles that are faced by the women employed in these sectors. The function of these histories in this thesis is to provide a memory of, to and for working women, revealing many of the unspoken assumptions and characteristics of the contemporary Australian workforce, such as the New Economy, an increasing non-standard workforce, the myth of 'work/life balance', lifestyle, dissonant bodies in the workplace, and the compartmentalization of work from other social function including family life. Within the nine chapters of this thesis, the research objective is to explore how women's bodies are located within and negotiate the contemporary Australian workforce. It begins with an examination of the conflation between 'self-help' and feminist texts, to map the troubled relationship between gender, power and the female body. The disparate functions of dress and bodies are important focuses in this research. The use of oral history, popular memory theory and the textual analysis of magazines is a way to interrogate the role of women's bodies and fashion in history. The use of oral and popular cultural sources is intentional. The goal is to develop an alternative system for remembering bodies and clothing, with the aim of transforming their historical relevance. The focal point of this thesis is assessing women's bodies and fashion in the workplace. By evaluating contemporary trends in women's work attire, I expose the disparity in the work clothes market in relation to quality, accessibility, functionality and price. This doctoral thesis deploys work theory and the ideologies of the 'New' and 'Old' Economy. Throughout this project, I trace the differences in workplace customs and representations. The purpose of the thesis - and indeed the original contribution to knowledge - is to demonstrate that women and men must be literate in not only the workplace, but also in workplace clothing. Only when moving from everyday to reflexive literacies can relevant models of discrimination and oppression within the 'New Economy' be revealed and addressed. While presenting the voices and views of working women, this research proposes a strategy for a change in education and the requirement of mentoring in relation to careers and the 'new' work order. The latter chapters are focussed on tracing working life in the new knowledge economy within Australia. They explore the notion of 'supplementary' work in relation to 'lifestyle' change and investigates the creative industries, the creative class and ponders the dilemma of the creative industries in Australia. The objective of this thesis is to not only to critique, but also to gather and deploy the words of women in the contemporary workplace, as both inspiration and model for the strategies required to instigate change. The final chapters capture a proactive desire to not only discuss difference, but make a difference. The probing of dissonant literacies in the workplace opens the tight and troubling relationship between women and bodies.
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Thomas-Jones, Angela. "Fashioning the executive (look) : Australian women, fashion and the rise of the new work order /." Thomas-Jones, Angela (2006) Fashioning the executive (look): Australian women, fashion and the rise of the new work order. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/345/.

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Fashion is not essential to completing an effective and productive day's work. Suits, shoulder pads and power dressing are images and phrases that encircle working women and are too often relegated to the empty cubicles of 1980s and 1990s history. The proliferation of internet-mediated commerce meant - in fictional narratives at least - women swapped their Claiborne for geek chic and 'up all night' hair, the preferential wear for New Economy employees.1 In the 2000s, the Australian employment industry - fractured, non-standard and fluid - is promoting a new 'creative' work order. What are the consequences of this transformation of ideology and iconography for workplace dressing and the bodies of the women who wear it? This doctoral thesis examines the relationship between fashion, clothes, women and work. The goal and methodology of this thesis is the alignment of work theory, with discourses of clothing and fashion, oral history, policy documents and popular culture. Such a research project requires interdisciplinary scholarship that activates debates about women's bodies, the state of the contemporary working environment and the dissonance in literacies between body and workplace. Through the application of semiotic and cultural studies, as well as drawing on theories of media, gender, labour, leisure, literacy and fashion, I investigate the position of women and their bodies within the contemporary Australian workplace. This thesis deploys oral histories to illuminate how women function in the changing Australian workplace. I have compiled these oral sources in order to capture specific experiences and portray the successes and struggles that are faced by the women employed in these sectors. The function of these histories in this thesis is to provide a memory of, to and for working women, revealing many of the unspoken assumptions and characteristics of the contemporary Australian workforce, such as the New Economy, an increasing non-standard workforce, the myth of 'work/life balance', lifestyle, dissonant bodies in the workplace, and the compartmentalization of work from other social function including family life. Within the nine chapters of this thesis, the research objective is to explore how women's bodies are located within and negotiate the contemporary Australian workforce. It begins with an examination of the conflation between 'self-help' and feminist texts, to map the troubled relationship between gender, power and the female body. The disparate functions of dress and bodies are important focuses in this research. The use of oral history, popular memory theory and the textual analysis of magazines is a way to interrogate the role of women's bodies and fashion in history. The use of oral and popular cultural sources is intentional. The goal is to develop an alternative system for remembering bodies and clothing, with the aim of transforming their historical relevance. The focal point of this thesis is assessing women's bodies and fashion in the workplace. By evaluating contemporary trends in women's work attire, I expose the disparity in the work clothes market in relation to quality, accessibility, functionality and price. This doctoral thesis deploys work theory and the ideologies of the 'New' and 'Old' Economy. Throughout this project, I trace the differences in workplace customs and representations. The purpose of the thesis - and indeed the original contribution to knowledge - is to demonstrate that women and men must be literate in not only the workplace, but also in workplace clothing. Only when moving from everyday to reflexive literacies can relevant models of discrimination and oppression within the 'New Economy' be revealed and addressed. While presenting the voices and views of working women, this research proposes a strategy for a change in education and the requirement of mentoring in relation to careers and the 'new' work order. The latter chapters are focussed on tracing working life in the new knowledge economy within Australia. They explore the notion of 'supplementary' work in relation to 'lifestyle' change and investigates the creative industries, the creative class and ponders the dilemma of the creative industries in Australia. The objective of this thesis is to not only to critique, but also to gather and deploy the words of women in the contemporary workplace, as both inspiration and model for the strategies required to instigate change. The final chapters capture a proactive desire to not only discuss difference, but make a difference. The probing of dissonant literacies in the workplace opens the tight and troubling relationship between women and bodies.
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Baker, Tagen Towsley. "The Farm as Place in a Changing Climate: Capturing Women Farmers' Experiences in Idaho, United States and Victoria, Australia." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7675.

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In Australia and the US, women play a vital role in the agricultural sector. However, historically farmwomen’s contributions to agriculture as well as their individual knowledge and social resilience to stressors like climate and climate change have been unrecognized and rendered invisible. Drawing on interdisciplinary scholarship from geography and the humanities, this dissertation explores the farm as place in a changing climate, drawing on women farmers’ experiences, under three distinct themes: identity, place, and photography. The dissertation research includes three distinct parts. First, incorporating non-fiction writing and photography, I explore my agricultural and religious heritage, as well as familial connections to the landscape of rural Idaho. Second, and in conjunction with The Invisible Farmer Project, the largest ever study of Australian women on the land, I analyze women’s photo voices, relying primarily on interview and Facebook data, as well as photographs, to understand women’s emotive connections to the farm as place, farmer identities, and roles in the agricultural sector. Analysis of the Facebook posts revealed how women are establishing a new dialog about what it means to be a woman farmer and how emotion is the foundation for establishing community and connection. Women's posted photo voices allow us to gain new insights into the women farmers' connections to the farm as place as well as their diversified perspectives and identities. Third, using integrative methods, I study women farmers and ranchers in Idaho, United States and Victoria, Australia through an environmental history lens. Examining the history of water in each region, and how the layering of social and environmental factors shapes the farm as place, resilience, and women’s work, I study how the identities of the women farmers and the farm as place cannot be separated. In both the second and third parts, I seek to redefine "farmer" by revealing experiences that have been invisible in the traditional agricultural sector. Rural women farmers have diverse identities and experiences, and their contributions to the agricultural sector are significant. They perceive and adapt to climate impacts and they are resilient. Their experiences with the farm as place is at the center of their identities, resilience, day-to-day work, and shapes their adaptation strategies and emotional well-being.
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Davies, Kerryn. "Women's suffrage in South Australia /." Title page, contents and conclusion only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ard2562.pdf.

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Higgins, Jennifer R. 1952. "Vanguards of postmodernity : rethinking midlife women." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8896.

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Books on the topic "Women and the environment – Australia"

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The gendered newsroom: How journalists experience the changing world of media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2008.

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The Climb: Conversations with Australian Women in Power. Melbourne, Vic: The Text Publishing Company, 2014.

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Australia. Dept. of the Environment, Sport, and Territories. Australia, state of the environment. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Pub., 1996.

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McGregor, Russell. Environment, Race, and Nationhood in Australia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-91509-5.

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Queensland Art Gallery. Gallery of Modern Art, ed. Contemporary Australia: Women. South Brisbane, Qld: Queensland Art Gallery, 2012.

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Ontario Advisory Council on Women's Issues. Women & the environment . [Toronto] Ont: Advisory Council on Women's Issues, 1990.

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Elston, Suzanne. Women & the environment. [Toronto]: Ontario Advisory Council on Women's Issues, 1990.

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Elston, Suzanne. Women & the environment. [Toronto]: Ontario Advisory Council On Women's Issues, 1990.

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Green power: The environment movement in Australia. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2000.

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Kaplan, Gisela T. Australia. New York: M. Cavendish, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Women and the environment – Australia"

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Freeman, Nicolette, Lisa French, Margot Nash, and Mark Poole. "Australia." In Women Screenwriters, 163–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137312372_19.

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Fien, John, David Yencken, Sharon Connell, and Helen Sykes. "Australia." In Young People and the Environment, 103–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47721-1_9.

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Gibbs, Jeffrey N., Iver P. Cooper, and Bruce F. Mackler. "Australia." In Biotechnology & the Environment: International Regulation, 206–10. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09160-7_15.

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Sutton, Jeanna. "Women in the Job." In Policing Australia, 67–101. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15143-1_4.

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Mason, Robb. "Australia." In Adult Education — The Legislative and Policy Environment, 11–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0795-5_3.

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Mason, Robb. "Australia." In Adult Education — The Legislative and Policy Environment, 11–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3450-5_3.

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Martin, Susan K., Caroline Daley, Elizabeth Dimock, Cheryl Cassidy, and Cecily Devereux. "Advance Australia." In Women and Empire, 1750–1939, 268. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003101857-63.

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Martin, Susan K., Caroline Daley, Elizabeth Dimock, Cheryl Cassidy, and Cecily Devereux. "Governesses for Australia." In Women and Empire, 1750–1939, 45. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003101857-5.

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Diesendorf, Mark. "Energy Futures for Australia." In Decarbonising the Built Environment, 35–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7940-6_2.

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Shanahan, Rodger. "The Role of Women." In Islamic State in Australia, 68–89. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003317517-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Women and the environment – Australia"

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Sila Ahmad, Kham, Fay Sudweeks, and Jocelyn Armarego. "Learning English Vocabulary in a Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) Environment: A Sociocultural Study of Migrant Women." In InSITE 2015: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: USA. Informing Science Institute, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2166.

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This paper reports on a case study of a group of six non-native English speaking migrant women’s experiences learning English vocabulary in a mobile assisted language learning (MALL) environment at a small community centre in Western Australia. A sociocultural approach to learning vocabulary was adopted in designing the MALL lessons that the women undertook. The women provided demographic information, responded to questions in a pre-MALL semi-structured interview, attended the MALL lessons, and completed a post-MALL semi-structured interview. This study explores the sociocultural factors that affect migrant women’s language learning in general, and vocabulary in particular. The women’s responses to MALL lessons and using the tablet reveal a positive effect in their vocabulary learning. A revised version of this paper was published in Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Life Long Learning Volume 11, 2015
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Sila Ahmad, Kham, Jocelyn Armarego, and Fay Sudweeks. "The Impact of Utilising Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) on Vocabulary Acquisition among Migrant Women English Learners." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3774.

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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning (IJELL)] Aim/Purpose : To develop a framework for utilizing Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) to assist non-native English migrant women to acquire English vocabulary in a non-formal learning setting. Background: The women in this study migrated to Australia with varied backgrounds including voluntary or forced migration, very low to high levels of their first language (L1), low proficiency in English, and isolated fulltime stay-at-home mothers. Methodology : A case study method using semi-structured interviews and observations was used. Six migrant women learners attended a minimum of five non-MALL sessions and three participants continued on and attended a minimum of five MALL sessions. Participants were interviewed pre- and post-sessions. Data were analysed thematically. Contribution: The MALL framework is capable of enriching migrant women’s learning experience and vocabulary acquisition. Findings: Vocabulary acquisition occurred in women from both non-MALL and MALL environment; however, the MALL environment provided significantly enriched vocabulary learning experience. Impact on Society: MALL offers an enriched and interactive medium of learning, and positive, enriched learning experience Future Research: A standardised approach to measure the effectiveness of MALL for vocabulary acquisition among migrant women in non-formal setting.
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Maasoumi, F. P., H. E. Maynard-Casely, S. Maddison, S. Kaiser, and C. Foley. "Women in physics in Australia 2017." In WOMEN IN PHYSICS: 6th IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5110078.

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Vrabič Brodnjak, Urška, and Iva Jestratijević. "Solutions of sustainable packaging in footwear and apparel industry." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p59.

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Footwear and apparel industry creates large amounts of waste, which cause environmental concerns through all value chain. Therefore, the aim of our research, as systematic review, was to identify, summarize, and evaluate existing sustainable packaging solutions in the apparel and footwear industry. The study followed the principles of a systematic review,research methodology, using a website search; Phyton programming language libraries were used to develop a web scraper. A sample included apparel and footwear brands that operate internationally around the World. The qualitative analysis method of thematic content clustering was then used to identify, summarize, and evaluate the results. The results have shown that less than half of the brands announced their long-term commitment to switching to sustainable packaging. Less, 84 brand have certificates for all or certain types of their packaging. There are 60 brands that offer reusable packaging services through collaboration with packaging providers. Only 52 of 400 brands have invested in eco-friendly packaging solutions and 32 joined to Responsible Packaging Movement and Ellen McArthur foundation. We found out that most of the brands with the sustainable statements and packaging solutions are from Europe (54.50 %). Others are from North America (28.25 %), Australia (10.10 %) and Asia (3 %). As expected, the clothing categories with the most sustainable packaging solutions are clothing for women and men, less footwear and accessories. The results of our study suggest that sustainable packaging is highly dependent on the social and environmental impacts, as well as the business and supply chain circumstances associated with each product packaging system. Apparel and footwear brands are generally committed to finding better packaging solutions for their products, although innovation in this area is still reluctantly shared.
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Foley, C. P. "Status of women in physics in Australia." In WOMEN IN PHYSICS: 4th IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794225.

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Foley, C. P., Beverly Karplus Hartline, Renee K. Horton, and Catherine M. Kaicher. "Status of Women In Physics in Australia." In WOMEN IN PHYSICS: Third IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3137916.

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Sharma, Manjula Devi. "The Changing Status of Women Physicists in Australia." In WOMEN IN PHYSICS: 2nd IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2128277.

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Vander Heyden, Paul, and Ken Pearson. "Propagation and Demographic Analysis for a Broadcast Environment." In SMPTE Australia Conference. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/m001145.

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Foley, C. P., Beverly Karplus Hartline, Renee K. Horton, and Catherine M. Kaicher. "Women in Physics in Australia as the Expectations of the Modern Researcher Change." In WOMEN IN PHYSICS: Third IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3137808.

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Kozak, George. "Reception and Distribution of Terrestrially Delivered Digital Channels in the Existing Analogue Environment." In SMPTE Australia Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/m001166.

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Reports on the topic "Women and the environment – Australia"

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Breckon, Lyall. The Security Environment in Southeast Asia and Australia, 1995-2010. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada306359.

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Tennis, Meredith A., and Peter G. Shields. Gene Environment Interactions in Women With Breast and Secondary Lung Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456364.

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Tennis, Meredith A., and Peter G. Shields. Gene Environment Interactions in Women with Breast Cancer and Secondary Lung Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428946.

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Wallace, Beck. Women's Perspectives Matter: Providing an enabling environment for women to be heard in the workplace. Oxfam, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7178.

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Ritchie, Mark. Climate & environment assessment: Business case for macro-evaluations of the strategic vision for girls & women & DFID’s investments. Evidence on Demand, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_hd058.jun2013.ritchie.

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Thomson, Sue, Nicole Wernert, Sarah Buckley, Sima Rodrigues, Elizabeth O’Grady, and Marina Schmid. TIMSS 2019 Australia. Volume II: School and classroom contexts for learning. Australian Council for Educational Research, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-615-4.

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This is the second of two reports that look at the results of TIMSS 2019 and Australia’s performance. Volume I focuses specifically on the achievement results, detailing Australia’s results within the international context, and presents results for the Australian jurisdictions, and for the different demographic groups within Australia, including male and female students. This report, Volume II, presents the results from the contextual questionnaires, and examines the contexts in which learning and achievement occur, including home, school, and classroom contexts, as well as student attitudes. Each chapter focuses on different indicators that cover the school community, the school learning environment, mathematics and science teacher characteristics, mathematics and science classroom learning environments, and students’ attitudes and beliefs. Together, the different indicators of student and school life illustrate some of the many key aspects that make up the school experience.
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Macdonald, Keir. The Impact of Business Environment Reforms on Poverty, Gender and Inclusion. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.006.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how business environment reforms in middle-income countries impacts on poverty, gender and inclusion. Although, there is limited evidence on the direct impact of business environment reforms on poverty, gender, and inclusion, this review illustrates that there is evidence of indirect effects of such reforms. Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations and institutions, in order to remove constraints to business investment and expansion, enabling growth and job creation, as well as new opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I) outcomes, in terms of the potential to remove institutional barriers which exclude formerly marginalised groups from business opportunities, in ways that promote equal access to resources, opportunities, benefits, and services. The literature shows how the business environment affects women in business, and how women’s experiences of a given business environment can be different from those of men. This is the result of disparities in how they are treated under the law, but also based on structural and sociocultural factors which influence how men and women behave in a given business environment and the barriers they face.
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Saha, Amrita, Jodie Thorpe, Keir Macdonald, and Kelbesa Megersa. Linking Business Environment Reform with Gender and Inclusion: A Study of Business Licensing Reform in Indonesia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.001.

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Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations. It is intended to remove constraints to business investment, enabling growth and job creation, and create opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I). While a review of existing literature suggests that in general, there is no direct link between BER and G&I, indirect links are likely through the influence of BER on firm performance. Outcomes will be influenced by the differential ways in which women-led firms experience the business environment when compared to their male counterparts, with disparities based on how they are treated under the law, as well as structural and sociocultural factors. The fact that in many countries, female-led firms are fewer and smaller than those of their male counterparts, and may operate in different sectors, also affects these dynamics. This research offers new insights through an in-depth analysis of the impact of the Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (PTSP) or one-stop shop business licensing reform in 2009 on firm performance in Indonesia, and how these impacts vary based on the gender of firm leadership. The results find that on average, firms benefited from improved business performance (sales), as a direct or indirect effect of this reform, as well as an increase in the number of medium and large-scale firms. Outside Jakarta (Bali, Banten, Lampung), women-led firms experienced a small but significant benefit relative to male-led firms, related to both sales and the number of medium and large-scale firms they run. In Jakarta, women-led firms continued to lag behind men and there were no significant effects on employment, and this held across province and gender. These findings are based on an analysis of the PTSP reform using data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), a survey of small, medium and large firms (i.e. with more than four employees) which took place in Indonesia between 2009 and 2015.
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TANG, Denise Tse-Shang, Stefanie TENG, Celine TAN, Bonnie LAM, and Christina YUAN. Building inclusive workplaces for lesbians and bisexual women in Hong Kong’s financial services industry. Centre for Cultural Research and Development, Lingnan University, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14793/ccrd2021001.

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Workplace inclusion is a core component of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Hong Kong. Workplace inclusion points to the need for employers to recognize diversity among employees, to acknowledge their contributions to the work environment and to raise professional standards for the work force. Diversity within a workplace indicates inclusion of persons with different backgrounds as in racial, ethnic, sex, health status, sexual orientation and gender identity. Women are already less represented at senior levels across various business sectors in Hong Kong. Lesbians and bisexual women face a double glass ceiling in the workplace as a result of both their gender and sexual orientation. Funded by Lingnan University’s Innovation and Impact Fund, and in partnership with Interbank Forum and Lesbians in Finance, Prof. Denise Tse-Shang Tang conducted an online survey and two focus groups targeting lesbians and bisexual women working in Hong Kong’s financial and banking industry. The aim of the study is to examine the specific challenges and barriers faced by lesbians and bisexual women in Hong Kong’s financial services industry. We found that only 37% of survey respondents were out at work, with 23% partially out to close colleagues. In other words, there are still key concerns with being out at work. On the issue of a glass ceiling for LGBT+ corporate employees, 18% of the survey respondents agreed and 47% somewhat agreed that such a ceiling exists. When asked whether it is harder for lesbians and bisexual women to come out in the workplace than it is for gay men, 32% agreed and 46% somewhat agreed. 27% agreed and 39% somewhat agreed with the statement that it is difficult for lesbians and bisexual women to climb up the corporate ladder. Other findings pointed to the low visibility of lesbians and bisexual women in corporate settings, lack of mentorship, increased levels of stress and anxiety, and the fear of being judged as both a woman and a lesbian. Masculine-presenting employees face significantly more scrutiny than cisgender female employees. Therefore, even though discussion on diversity and inclusion has been on the agenda for better corporate work environment in Hong Kong, there still remain gaps in raising awareness of lesbian and bisexual women’s issues.
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SUN, JUNJIANG, GUOPING QIAN, Shuqi Yue, and Anna szumilewicz. Factors influencing physical activity in pregnant women from the perspective of a socio-ecological model: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0073.

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Review question / Objective: The main aim of this review is to analyse the impact factors of material physical activity in an ecological model and to analyse differences in influencing factors between pregnant women's PA and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) , provide a reference for the research, intervention, and policy designation of maternal physical activity. Rationale: In combination with McLeroy et al. (1988)behavior is viewed as being determined by the following: (1) Personal level: the internal factors of the individual characteristics,(sociodemographic and biological, behavior, psychological ); (2) interpersonal level: interpersonal processes and primary groups-formal and informal social network and social support systems,(eg: family、public, etc.); (3)organization level: social institutions with organizational characteristics, such as health services, gyms and may also include influences from health care providers and Physical activity consultant, etc.; (4) community level: relationships among organizations, institutions, and informal networks within defined boundaries，（eg： appropriate facilities、living environment, etc.); and finally (5) public policy level: local, state, and national laws and policies.
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