Journal articles on the topic 'Women and literature – english-speaking countries'
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Ihnatenko, I. "FROM THE HISTORY OF FEMINIST RESEARCH OF FEMALE BODY AND SEXUALITY IN ENGLISH-SPEAKING AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 146 (2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.146.3.
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This article presents the analysis of the feminism history toward the female body, which has figured alternately as the source of women's oppression and as the locus of a specifically female power. Drawing on Europian and American feminist literature, the author of the article shows how feminist scholars focus first of all on the reproductive body and on female's sexuality. The key message of all these scientific works is that corporealities of women may be seen as making vulnerable to male domination and control, both directly through the exercise of superior physical power, and indirectly through social compulsions and the representation of sexual difference across a variety of discourses. It is shown that for feminist scholars, the body has always been of central importance for understanding women embodied experience, cultural and historical construction on the female body in the various contexts of social life.
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Colvin, Sarah, Elke P. Frederiksen, and Elizabeth G. Ametsbichler. "Women Writers in German-Speaking Countries: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook." Modern Language Review 95, no. 3 (July 2000): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3735598.
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Patelia, Vinodkumar. "SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN INDIA THROUGH ENGLISH LITERATURE." VIDYA - A JOURNAL OF GUJARAT UNIVERSITY 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47413/vidya.v1i1.111.
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The common forum to unite the whole world under a single language is majorly accelerated by English. Different countries with their diversities in culture, social structure, and literature gave expression to their ideas with a commonly recognized language –English. Indian writing in English has also established its identity worldwide with this globally accepted language itself. The main objective of this article is to analyse the role played by Indian writers and literature in bringing transformation in society. The bold step taken by women writers to express their views questioning patriarchy is discussed. Contemporary challenges faced by Indian society are briefly highlighted.
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Sharma, N. D., and G. B. McKelvie. "Genital Tract Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma—A Case Report and Discussion." Scottish Medical Journal 30, no. 1 (January 1985): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308503000111.
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A case of renal cell carcinoma presenting with metastases in the female genital tract is reported. Clinical and histological features distinguishing primary and secondary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the genital tract are discussed. It is emphasised that when a clear cell adenocarcinoma is found, particularly in a post-menopausal woman, metastatic renal carcinoma has to be excluded. Although so far there are 61 cases reported in the world literature from English speaking countries, we believe that this is the first case reported from the United Kingdom.
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Gausia, Kaniz, Jena D. Hamadani, Md Manirul Islam, Mohammed Ali, Sultana Algin, Mohammed Yunus, Colleen Fisher, and Jacques Oosthuizen. "Bangla translation, adaptation and piloting of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 33, no. 3 (September 15, 2008): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v33i3.1138.
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Standardized questionnaires for screening common health problems in the community often need to be translated for use in non-English speaking countries. There is a lack of literature documenting the process of translation of such questionnaire/scale that would enable their application in cross-cultural settings and standardization of the procedure. This paper reports the process of translation into Bangla of the widely used Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for use in Bangladesh. Three methods: forward translation, committee translation, and back translation were used to ensure the equivalence of the translated version. Both the English and Bangla versions were piloted among 10 social science graduates who were proficient in both the languages. The concurrence of each respondent between the two versions showed a correlation coefficient of 0.98 (p<0.01). The Bland-Altman test also showed a high degree of agreement. The piloted version was also tested with 15 women in the postnatal period and found to be suitable for women with lower educational attainment. The documentation of the translation process and the lessons learnt would be helpful in similar settings where screening questionnaires need to be adapted for local use.DOI = 10.3329/bmrcb.v33i3.1138Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2007; 33: 81-87
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Murphy, Emilie K. M. "Exile and Linguistic Encounter: Early Modern English Convents in the Low Countries and France." Renaissance Quarterly 73, no. 1 (2020): 132–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2019.493.
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The history of religious migration and experience of exile in the early modern period has received a great deal of attention in recent years. Neglected within this scholarship, however, is sustained discussion of linguistic encounter within these often fraught transcultural and transnational interactions. This article breaks new ground by exploring the linguistic experiences of religious exiles in English convents founded in the Low Countries. Most women within English communities in exile were linguistically challenged; focusing on the creative ways these women subsequently negotiated language barriers sheds new light on female language acquisition and encounter during this period.
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Lang, Jutta, and Dieter Zapf. "Quotas for Women Can Improve Recruitment Procedures." Journal of Personnel Psychology 14, no. 3 (July 2015): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000124.
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Abstract. In this study, among a sample of 388 participants located in German-speaking countries, from different career levels and all having an employment relationship, we examined the influence of gender on the frequency of use of different job search strategies. The main focus lies on passive job search behavior, which is considered to be an important determinant of career success. The data suggest considerable gender differences in the frequency of use of passive job search strategies. Results of mediation analyses showed that the gap between men and women became smaller with respect to the influence of proactivity and management aspirations and disappeared for individuals in leadership positions. The implications of these findings are discussed in the light of the literature and quota debate.
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Pascal, Marie C., and Caroline S. E. Homer. "Models of Postnatal Care for Low-Income Countries: A Review of the Literature Abstract." International Journal of Childbirth 6, no. 2 (2016): 104–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.6.2.104.
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PURPOSE:This review aims to identify the key features of effective models of postnatal care involving midwifery personnel and to determine which models may be appropriate for implementation in low-income countries.STUDY DESIGN:A narrative synthesis of English language, peer-reviewed articles from 2004 to 2014 was undertaken. Four online library databases were searched. Inclusion/exclusion criterion and a quality appraisal were applied.MAJOR FINDINGS:Twenty-two studies were included in the review, but only 4 were from low-income countries. Midwifery-led models of postnatal care are cost-effective to provide high-quality care in every settings for every women in respect of 2 core components of quality care that are woman-centered care and continuity of care. Midwifery postnatal care is provided at hospital, in community settings, and at home, all presenting different strengths and weaknesses. Combinations of models of midwifery postnatal care and collaboration between stakeholders have had positive impacts on the quality of postnatal care. To be completely effective, this requires a better management and support of midwifery personnel though. Women and midwifery personnel’s satisfaction needs to be considered to identify the local means and needs and to plan a suitable model of midwifery postnatal care at each location.MAIN CONCLUSION:Low-income countries could develop a midwifery-led model of postnatal care. This will require identifying women and midwifery personnel’s needs and the available resources and involving the stakeholders collaboratively to provide a suitable model of midwifery postnatal care. Education and practice will need to be addressed as well as promotion to the population. There is a need to conduct more research on midwifery postnatal care in low-income countries to evaluate how to best use them and what aspect of the midwifery postnatal care can be strengthened.
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Nurnaningsih, Nurnaningsih, Mardiana Ahmad, Isharyah Sunarno, and Nur Aliya Arsyad. "RISK FACTORS FOR THE ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan 11, no. 1 (June 26, 2022): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36720/nhjk.v11i1.305.
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Background: Anemia in pregnancy is still a global public health problem and is the largest contributor to morbidity and mortality. Some studies report that risk factors for anemia vary from place to place, so more in-person observations are needed regarding anemia risk factors.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the risk factors of anemia in pregnant women. Methods of using literature review studies.
Design: This study design is a literature review to search and review article from database and the theory which is descriptive.
Data Sources: Search for scientific articles using the Mendeley application by entering the keyword "Risk Factors, Anemia, Pregnancy" with Published year 2018-2021, English and Indonesian, full text, National journal has ISSN and open access.
Review Methods: The literature review method using narrative review based on inclusion criteria, namely articles discussing anemia in pregnant women, published in 20158-202, International and National Publications, having ISSN National Journals, Articles using English, original articles, full text and open access. While the Exception Criteria for Articles other than English, type of research literature review and RCT, articles are then collected and a journal summary is made containing the name of the researcher, the year the journal was published, the title of the study, the method and a summary of the results or findings. The summary of research journals is entered into a table according to the format, and 10 articles are eligible.
Results: From the 10 selected articles, it can be concluded that the risk factors for anemia, especially in developing countries, are multifactorial, including micro-iron deficiency, folate, and vitamins A and B12 as well as anemia due to parasitic infections such as malaria and hookworms or chronic infections such as TB, HIV, parasites. intestines, infection of working mothers (farmers), contaminated drinking water sources, consumption of coffee/tea and diet. Meanwhile, other factors in Indonesia are unfavorable geographical location, level of education, lack of public awareness of health, socio-economic situation, parity (number of children), and chronic energy shortages (KEK).
Conclusion: Anemia is still a global health problem and still has to be addressed, especially in developing countries. Therefore, efforts are needed to better understand the main causes of anemia, including iron deficiency as well as other nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and Hb disorders related to anemia so that appropriate action can be given. Biochemical measurement of micronutrients (especially iron and Vitamin A), inflammatory signs in addition to hematological index when assessing anemia clinically are also urgently needed.
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Valle-Palomino, Nicolás, Mirtha Mercedes Fernández-Mantilla, Danae de Lourdes Talledo-Sebedón, Olinda Victoria Guzmán-González, Vanessa Haydee Carguachinchay-Huanca, Alfonso Alejandro Sosa-Lizama, Brunella Orlandini-Valle, and Óscar Manuel Vela-Miranda. "Suicidal Ideation and Death by Suicide as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish-Speaking Countries: Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 21 (October 24, 2023): 6700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216700.
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Suicidal behaviors and constructs are putting at risk the accomplishment of Objective 3 of Agenda 2030 for sustainable development in Spanish-speaking countries. The current study’s principal objective is to explain the presence of suicidal ideation and deaths by suicide as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish-speaking countries based on a review of the scientific literature. The PRISMA model was used as the main method while considering the criteria of periodicity, language, typology, and country in order to choose the 28 articles that were analyzed from the following three databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, and ProQuest Coronavirus Research Database. Suicidal ideation and death by suicide exhibited a growth trend during the COVID-19 pandemic, including post-pandemic, especially in kids, adolescents, and young women of university age belonging to lower socioeconomic strata and presenting risk factors like living in rural areas, poor mental health, unemployment, and family death due to COVID-19.
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Roomruangwong, Chutima, and C. Neill Epperson. "Perinatal depression in Asian women: prevalence, associated factors, and cultural aspects." Asian Biomedicine 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0502.024.
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Abstract Background and Objective: Although perinatal depression is a worldwide problem, most of the studies related to this issue have been conducted in Western countries. This paper summarizes the literature on the prevalence as well as associated factors among Asian countries where the cultural attitudes, customs, and norms are considerably different from those in Western countries. Methods: We conducted a literature search using MEDLINE (PubMed) from 1968, PsychINFO from 1970, and SCOPUS database from 1982 using keywords “depression”, “antenatal”, “antepartum”, “pregnancy”, “postnatal”, “postpartum”, “perinatal”, “after childbirth” and “Asia”. Only the articles published in English were included. Results: The overall prevalence of depression during pregnancy and postnatal period are about 20% and 21.8%, respectively. The factors related to perinatal depression can be grouped into the following categories, individual characteristics, husband/marital relationship, pregnancy-related, infant-related, and other psychosocial issues. While there is considerable overlap between Asian and Western countries with respect to risk factors for perinatal depression, premarital pregnancy, conflict with mother in-law, and dissatisfaction with infant’s gender are more specific to Asian cultures. Conclusions: Studies conducted in Asian countries suggest that the prevalence of perinatal depression is slightly higher than in Western countries. There are several unique culturally related issues that clinicians treating pregnant and postpartum Asian women should be aware as they contribute to an increased risk of depression in these women.
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Peltzer, Raquel I., Karina Conde, Maria Ayelen Biscarra, Aldana Lichtenberger, and Mariana Cremonte. "Broadening the evidence for the Theory of Planned Behavior: predicting heavy episodic drinking in Argentinean female and male youth." Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas 17, no. 2 (July 23, 2017): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v17i2.323.
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Introduction: Although the Theory of Planned Behavior has successfully been applied to explain heavy episodic drinking, recent reviews have identified gaps in the literature. Among them the role of gender, scarce research from non English speaking countries (and thus, other drinking contexts) and lastly, contradictory results regarding the measures used to evaluate social norms and perceived behavioral control. Objective: We aim to broaden the evidence for the Theory of Planned Behavior by evaluating the capacity of the model to predict heavy episodic drinking in Argentinean female and male youth. Methods: In this study a psychometrically sound measure is used and which evaluates both dimensions of social norms and perceived control. We measured Theory of Planned Behavior variables and last month heavy episodic drinking at two-time frames. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed. Results: Attitude was the main predictor of heavy episodic drinking intention; there were gender differences, among women perceived behavioral control and subjective norm were also predictors of heavy episodic drinking intentions. The intention was the main predictor of heavy episodic drinking for both genders, while perceived behavioral control was also a predictor among women. Conclusions: Theory of Planned Behavior allows us to better understand the motivational variables related to heavy episodic drinking intention and performance, and thus, to design appropriate prevention interventions.
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Sarsar, Saloua, Zaineb Chatbi, Hafsa Taheri, Hanane Saadi, and Ahmed Mimoni. "A case of hepatocellular carcinoma recurring during pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212200.
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The hepatocellular carcinoma is more common in African and Asian countries with an incidence in women at around 5.5/10,000. Hepatocellular carcinoma is an aggressive tumour, with high recurrence rates, reaching around 50%. Hepatocellular carcinoma is rare in pregnant women. In the English literature, we have found only one case of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence during pregnancy that was described in a 39 years old patient with the recurrence occurring during her second pregnancy. In our work, we describe the second case of pregnancy complicated by recurrent, advanced and inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. We also present a literature review about management challenges and the importance of multi-disciplinary care in pregnant women with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Aydın, Ruveyde, Jennifer Lynn Barkin, and Kamile Kukulu. "Attempts to strengthen maternal functioning in the postpartum period: A literature review." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 3 (December 23, 2016): 5751. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i3.4170.
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Objective: This study aims to examine that the effects of home visiting, prenatal education, parent classes, and tele counselling on maternal functioning.Methods: The search process was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar using key words of “motherhood’’, ‘‘maternity functioning’’, ‘‘postpartum’’, ‘‘postpartum care’’, ‘‘home visiting’’, ‘‘prenatal education’’, ‘‘parent classes’’, ‘‘tele counseling’’ and a combination of them English-Turkish language papers were searched between 2000 and 2015 years. All studies relating to subject was included.Results: Discharge occurs shortly after birth in some countries such as the United States and Turkey, women do not receive adequate care, training and counseling and the demands of childrearing often exceed the mother’s expectations.Conclusion: Women should be supported with training programs, home visits, and phone counseling aimed at optimal maternal child health and development.
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Kolakowsky-Hayner, Stephanie A., Yelena Goldin, Kristine Kingsley, Elisabet Alzueta, Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla, Paul B. Perrin, Fiona C. Baker, Daniela Ramos-Usuga, and Fofi Constantinidou. "Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Study of Gender Differences in 59 Countries." Medicina 57, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080789.
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Background and Objectives: There is strong evidence in the literature that women experience psychological disorders at significantly higher rates than men. The higher rates of psychological disorders in women may partly be attributable to gender differences in response to stressors and coping styles. The objective of this study was to contribute to the growing body of literature investigating gender differences in mental health outcomes and coping styles during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in a large sample of individuals from 59 countries with variable demographic and socio-cultural characteristics. Materials and Methods: Survey data were collected from the general population following a snowball sampling method, and the survey was promoted through social media platforms and mailing lists. Participants included 6882 individuals from the general population from 59 countries around the world. A combination of both standardized and adapted measures was used to create a survey, originally in English and then translated to Spanish, Italian, French, German, and Turkish. Results: Compared with men, women presented with higher levels of trauma-related distress; had a harder time decompressing; were more depressed, anxious and stressed; showed decreased frustration tolerance and reported lower quality of sleep and an increased likelihood of taking sleep medication or other natural sleep remedies. Overall, women tended to be more vulnerable during the pandemic in developing symptoms consistent with various forms of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic distress. However, they also were more likely than men to use a variety of adaptive coping strategies, including concentrating on doing something about the situation and getting emotional support from others. Conclusions: A high prevalence of mood symptoms was noted among women. In addition to meeting the physical health needs of the population, emphasis needs to be given to mental health and the prevention of psychiatric disorders, particularly in women.
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Geda, Nigatu Regassa, Matthew G. Nosworthy, Robert Tyler, and Carol J. Henry. "Women-Led Pulse Agriculture for Enhanced Household Nutrition Security in East African Countries." Journal of Agricultural Science 16, no. 7 (June 15, 2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n7p10.
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Pulse crops are significant sources of starch, fiber, protein and micronutrients for the human population. Four East African countries (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda) have huge potential of pulse production but are constrained by several challenges in the production-consumption chain. This scoping review has assessed the challenges and opportunities related to women-led, nutrition-sensitive pulse agriculture in the four East African countries. This scoping review is based on data from major scientific databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, which are commonly used for research purposes, as well as grey literature. The criteria used were studies conducted in Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, or Rwanda; grey literature which includes reports, theses, and other unpublished materials that may be relevant to a particular topic (years 2010 to 2023); observational studies, including case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies that assessed pulse crop production and consumption; and those published in English. Evidence from these countries shows that the historical gender gap and low level of participation by women in the sector have had adverse effects on the production of pulses. There are also social and cultural barriers that severely constrain women’s role in pulse agriculture, such as poor knowledge of the benefits of pulses, constraining cultural practice and gender-based norms in the pulse sector, limited access to market, land and finance, underdeveloped delivery/supply chain and extension services, less developed value addition culture, and the stigma of pulse consumption. This study identifies multiple avenues to ameliorate the identified socioeconomic, cultural and policy constraints, including promoting women-led pulse production through increasing access to financing for small-scale pulse crop farmers, improving market access through better marketing and distribution networks, and investing in infrastructure to support pulse production and consumption.
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Christaki, Victoria, Eirini Orovou, Maria Dagla, Antigoni Sarantaki, Sofia Moriati, Giannoula Kirkou, and Evangelia Antoniou. "Domestic Violence During Women’s Life in Developing Countries." Materia Socio Medica 35, no. 1 (2023): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/msm.2023.35.58-64.
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Background: The lack of information relating to the definitive factors causing domestic violence has resulted in the lack of sound and effective programs; this makes the need for further research in domestic violence more imperative. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the factors and impacts of domestic violence in developing countries. Methods: This study is a significant contribution to the existing literature, based on the use of data from the international literature of the last ten years and the evaluation of the degree that the domestic violence affects the lives of women both at an individual as well as a community level. Studies related to the scope of this review from international databases (Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus) were used. The inclusion criteria comprised studies in English, published between 2012 and 2022 and studies which, apart from the prevalence or types of domestic violence investigated social factors related to violence in women of different ages in developing countries. Results: The results of the study showed that partners-husbands are the main perpetrators of domestic violence. The prevalence of domestic violence ranged between 29.4% and 73.78%, with the highest prevalence observed in Bangladesh. Conclusion: The factors affecting domestic violence were the young age of marriage, the low education level, non-proper execution of household chores, financial issues, patriarchic families, non-proper cooking according to the husband’s desire, dowry issues, giving birth to a girl, poverty, women’s work but also women’s unemployment, other children in the family and their neglect according to the husband, husband’s unemployment and the personal experiences of domestic violence for both partners. In addition, significant risk factors were the husband’s addiction to substances and the wife’s refusal for sex.
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Hoang, Lisa. "Experiences of Female Undergraduate Engineering Students in Academia and Industry: A Literature Review." American Journal of Youth and Women Empowerment 3, no. 1 (June 14, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajywe.v3i1.2596.
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Higher educational settings have a slow rise of women in engineering programs. This literature review synthesizes existing research and has intentions to gain further understanding of female undergraduate engineering students—such as perceptions and experiences—on their respective university campus and internship programs through answering the below the main research: What is the nature of the experience of female undergraduate engineering students on university campus and in internship programs? This literature review provides important insights of needing support programs at early stages for students in their undergraduate education. Early interventions such as informal mentor relationships provide female students with stronger engineering identities for female engineering students. Ten research articles are examined in this literature review. The selection criteria emphasize on primary, peer reviewed articles that had to be in English with recent publications (earliest publication date of 2007) in the engineering or STEM field, the article revolved in higher education settings with students, faculty or staff as participants, article research objectives involve with gendered issues or mentorship programs and lastly, the articles involve with internship or academic support. Although the literature across were all in English, this literature review contains research from other countries—though mainly are from United States—Australia, England, Brazil, Spain and Kazakhstan. The variety of countries included provided consistencies that contextual support and supportive programs are crucial for fostering greater self-efficacy, persistency and resiliency for female undergraduate engineering students.
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Moyo, Enos, Perseverance Moyo, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira, Grant Murewanhema, and Andrew Ross. "Mapping Evidence on the Determinants of Postnatal Care Knowledge among Postpartum Women in sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review." Global Journal of Health Science 15, no. 12 (October 13, 2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v15n12p16.
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Maternal and neonatal deaths continue to pose significant public health challenges globally. In 2020, low-to-middle-income countries accounted for over 95% of all maternal deaths. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region most severely impacted, accounting for 70% of global maternal deaths in 2020. Most of the maternal deaths and about a third of child deaths occur in the postnatal period. These unnecessary deaths can be avoided if postpartum women have adequate knowledge about postnatal care (PNC). This literature review’s aim was to determine the factors that influence PNC knowledge among postpartum women in SSA. The methodology of this literature review was loosely guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. Peer-reviewed articles describing determinants of PNC knowledge among postpartum women in SSA published in English between 2013 and 2023 were searched using several search engines. All the twenty-five articles used in this literature review reported on quantitative cross-sectional studies. Some of the individual-level determinants of PNC knowledge identified in this review include place of residence, age of the mother, marital status, educational status of the mother, and the socio-economic status of the woman while the health system-level determinants include distance to a healthcare facility, source of PNC information, place of delivery, and previous maternal healthcare service experience. To improve PNC knowledge of postpartum women, we recommend developing rural areas through improving transport networks, improving the socio-economic status of women, and devising strategies to increase maternal and child health services utilization.
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Shrestha, Shanta Kumar, Joanne Travaglia, and Chandni Joshi. "A Narrative Synthesis of the Published Literature on Antenatal Care in Low and Middle Income Countries." Health Prospect 13, no. 1 (October 29, 2014): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v13i1.11341.
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Background: Good quality antenatal care is one of the recommended strategies to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and improve health outcomes of the mother and her child. The utilization and quality of antenatal care in low and middle income countries is not well documented and hence deserves further study. This is a literature review of antenatal care in low and middle income countries on its utilization, the barriers and facilitators, and the available evidence of effectiveness and quality of antenatal careMethod: A systematic review of the published literature was conducted which also included published systematic reviews. Studies published between 2002 and 2012 were identified by searching Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL. This was supplemented by papers provided by international advisors from grey literature and snowballing search of reference list of all included papers. Only English language studies in low and middle income countries on antenatal care were includedResults: Twenty-three papers met the inclusion criteria. Health-facility based studies reported near universal access to antenatal care, which was not the case for community based studies. Women received at least one antenatal visit but fewer women had the recommended number of visits. Socioeconomic status and women’s education were the most frequent and the strongest predictors of antenatal care use. Antenatal care promoted the use of skilled birth attendant at delivery, but did not contribute to reductions in maternal mortality and stillbirths. The quality of care was reported as unsatisfactory; major issues being poor client-provider relationship and inferior quality of counselling.Conclusion: In order to increase the utilization of antenatal care, in the short term, less educated women from socioeconomically disadvantaged households require targeting. Long-term improvements require a focus on improving female education. Further research is needed to explore the quality of antenatal care in order to validate its effect on maternal and child health.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v13i1.11341 Health Prospect Vol.13(1) 2014: 12-23
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Kamitani, Emiko, Yuko Mizuno, Megan Wichser, Adebukola H. Adegbite, Julia B. DeLuca, and Darrel H. Higa. "Mapping the Study Characteristics and Topics of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Research Literature: A Scoping Review." AIDS Education and Prevention 31, no. 6 (December 2019): 505–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2019.31.6.505.
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Since WHO released the first PrEP guidance in 2012, the PrEP research literature has rapidly increased, but PrEP uptake is still low. To identify research gaps, this scoping review describes study characteristics, identifies populations, and maps study topics in PrEP publications. We identified 561 PrEP primary studies published in English between 2006 and 2018. The most commonly used study design was cross-sectional. Almost half of studies were conducted in non-U.S. countries and focused on men who have sex with men. We mapped study topics using five categories. The most studied category was Potential PrEP user/prescriber (41.3%) followed by Considerations while on PrEP (28.2%), PrEP efficacy and safety (20.9%), Cost-effectiveness or economic evaluation (5.2%), and Methods of and experiences with PrEP clinical trials (4.2%). Although the PrEP literature has dramatically increased, some research areas (e.g., PrEP awareness in non-U.S. countries, intervention studies to promote PrEP use) and populations (e.g., Black women) are still understudied.
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McKenzie, Gemma, Glenn Robert, and Elsa Montgomery. "Exploring the conceptualisation and study of freebirthing as a historical and social phenomenon: a meta-narrative review of diverse research traditions." Medical Humanities 46, no. 4 (May 2, 2020): 512–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2019-011786.
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Freebirthing is a clandestine practice whereby women intentionally give birth without healthcare professionals (HCPs) present in countries where there are medical facilities available to assist them. Women who make this decision are frequently subjected to stigma and condemnation, yet research on the phenomenon suggests that women’s motivations are often complex. The aim of this review was to explore how freebirth has been conceptualised over time in the English-language academic and grey literature. The meta-narrative methodology employed enables a phenomenon to be understood within and between differing research traditions, as well as against its social and historical context. Our research uncovered nine research traditions (nursing, autobiographical text with birthing philosophy, midwifery, activism, medicine, sociology, law and ethics, pregnancy and birth advice, and anthropology) originating from eight countries and spanning the years 1957–2018. Most of the texts were written by women, with the majority being non-empirical. Empirical studies on freebirth were usually qualitative, although there were a small number of quantitative medical and midwifery studies; these texts often focused on women’s motivations and highlighted a range of reasons as to why a woman would decide to give birth without HCPs present. Motivations frequently related to women’s previous negative maternity experiences and the type of maternity care available, for example medicalised and hospital-based. The use of the meta-narrative methodology allowed the origins of freebirth in 1950s America to be traced to present-day empirical studies of the phenomenon. This highlighted how the subject and the publication of literature relating to freebirth are embedded within their social and historical contexts. From its very inception, freebirth aligns with the medicalisation of childbirth, the position of women in society, the provision of maternity care and the way in which women experience maternity services.
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Wood, Shannon N., Nancy Glass, and Michele R. Decker. "An Integrative Review of Safety Strategies for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 22, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018823270.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent and a leading source of morbidity and mortality to women worldwide. Safety planning is a cornerstone of harm reduction and violence support in many upper income countries. Far less is known about safety strategies used by women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where the IPV support service infrastructure may be more limited. This study aimed to review the literature regarding safety strategies in LMICs. A PubMed search was conducted using search terms “safety,” “coping,” “harm reduction,” and “intimate partner violence.” Inclusion criteria comprised IPV studies mentioning characterization and utilization of safety strategies that were written in English and conducted in an LMIC. Our search yielded 16 studies (in-depth interviews, n = 5; focus group discussions, n = 2; case study, n = 2; mixed qualitative methods, n = 4; mixed methods, n = 1; and semi-structured quantitative survey, n = 2). Four distinct themes of strategies emerged: engaging informal networks, removing the stressor/avoidance, minimizing the damage to self and family through enduring violence, and building personal resources. IPV-related safety strategies literature primarily emerged from site-specific qualitative work. No studies provided effectiveness data for utilized strategies. Across geoculturally diverse studies, results indicate that women are engaging in strategic planning to minimize abuse and maximize safety. Women highlighted that safety planning strategies were feasible and acceptable within their communities. Further research is needed to test the effectiveness of these strategies in decreasing revictimization and increasing health and well-being. Further adoption of safety strategies into violence programming could increase monitoring and evaluation efforts.
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Bastian, Amber, Courtney Parks, Amy Yaroch, Fiona H. McKay, Katie Stern, Paige van der Pligt, Sarah A. McNaughton, and Rebecca Lindberg. "Factors Associated with Food Insecurity among Pregnant Women and Caregivers of Children Aged 0–6 Years: A Scoping Review." Nutrients 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 2407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14122407.
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With a global focus on improving maternal and child nutrition through the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, it is important to understand food insecurity in pregnant women and families with young children, as food insecurity at these life stages can have ongoing negative health consequences. However, factors that influence food insecurity among this population group are not well understood. This scoping review investigates the factors that influence food insecurity among pregnant women and households with young children aged 0–6 years living in high-income countries. A scoping literature review was conducted using four electronic databases. The search combined terms relevant to: food security, determinants, pregnancy and family and high-income countries. Only full text and English language articles were included. The search identified 657 titles and abstracts; 29 articles were included in the review. A majority (70%) of the studies were conducted in the United States and were mostly either cross-sectional or secondary data analysis of existing population data. Factors associated with food insecurity were identified and grouped into 13 constructs. These included social, economic and health risk factors, food access and utilization factors and health and dietary outcomes. This scoping review identifies the factors associated with food insecurity among pregnant women and families with young children that could be used to better measure and understand food insecurity, which could assist in developing program and policy responses. This review also highlights the lack of literature from high-income countries outside the US.
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Damayanti, Lina, Astri Pradini, and Mitha Salsabila. "A Review of the Optimal Effects of Sunscreen Usage in Women Residing in Tropical Climate Regions for Melasma Prevention: Insights from Literature Analysis." ACTA Medical Health Sciences, Volume 2 No 3 (February 29, 2024): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35990/amhs.v2n3.p148-156.
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Melasma is a hyperpigmented patch that is generally found on the face, especially on the cheeks, chin, upper lip, and can extend to the neck. The color of hyperpigmentation in melasma varies, generally light brown to black with an irregular shape. Melasma is often found in countries with tropical climates with skin types III-V. This happens because countries with these climates are exposed to more sunlight. To reduce excessive UV exposure to the skin, you can use sunscreen. Optimal use of sunscreen must also be considered in order to reduce the incidence of melasma. This literature review uses four databases (Google scholar, PUBMED, NCBI and PERDOSKI) using the relevant keywords namely "melasma" and "sunscreen" to find the source of articles published in 2010 to 2022. The search results get 142 articles. in Indonesian and English. After selecting based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 relevant articles were obtained which will be discussed in this literature review. In this literature review, the results show that there is a significant relationship between optimal use of sunscreen for women in countries with tropical climates, especially Asia, and the incidence of melasma. Melasma occurs mostly in women with Fitzpatrick III-V skin types and is susceptible to age 25-60 years. Patients with melasma who used sunscreen optimally by applying it every 2 hours showed a decrease in the degree of severity of melasma compared to those who did not repeat the use of sunscreen.
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Bär, Gerald. "‘Ossian fürs Frauenzimmer’? Lengefeld, Günderrode, and the Portuguese Translations of ‘Alcipe’ and Adelaide Prata." Translation and Literature 22, no. 3 (November 2013): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2013.0127.
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This article examines German and Portuguese Ossian translations by female writers, particularly translations of Dar-thula, one of Macpherson's most popular pieces. Charlotte von Lengefeld's and Karoline von Günderrode's German translations raise the question of whether Ossian was considered a suitable subject for women, offering further insights into the reasons for the astonishing popularity of Macpherson's publications in German-speaking countries. The Portuguese versions of the Marquesa de Alorna and Adelaide Prata and their favourable reviews shed light on their acceptance in nineteenth-century Portugal. Comparison of the different approaches and objectives of these four translators together with the analysis of their different source texts and skills is intended to contribute to debate on translation and gender studies.
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Abou Rached, Ruth. "Remembering the literary achievements of Daizy Al-Amir." Journal of Contemporary Iraq & the Arab World 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00012_1.
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Eminent Iraqi writer Daizy Al-Amir passed away in Houston, USA in November 2018. Born in Alexandria in 1935, she was a prolific short-story writer who wrote and travelled across many countries and continents throughout the course of her life. Daizy Al-Amir’s legacy to Arab and women’s literature, particularly in Beirut, are many-faceted. This article pays tribute to two important aspects of Daizy Al-Amir’s work: her literary works published with the highly influential literary journal Al-Ādāb from the 1960s and her short stories about women in the Arab world that were published in Arabic‐English translation.
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Sgayer, Inshirah, Shirin Dabbah, Rola Khamisy Farah, Maya Wolf, Nadine Ashkar, Lior Lowenstein, and Marwan Odeh. "Spontaneous Rupture of the Unscarred Uterus: A Review of the Literature." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 78, no. 12 (December 2023): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ogx.0000000000001205.
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ABSTRACT Importance Uterine rupture is defined as a nonsurgical disruption of all layers of the uterus. Most ruptures occur in the presence of a scar, usually secondary to a previous cesarean delivery. Rupture of an unscarred uterus is rare and is associated with severe maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objective To outline the literature on potential predisposing factors, clinical findings, and maternal and fetal outcomes of a rupture of an unscarred uterus. Evidence Acquisition PubMed was searched for the phrases “uterine rupture,” “unscarred,” and “spontaneous.” Individual case reports, retrospective case series, and review articles in English between 1983 and 2020 were included. Results We found 84 case reports in 79 articles. The mean maternal age was 29.3 (SD, 5.7) years; 38 women (45.2%) were nulliparous. Uterine rupture occurred in 37% of the women at term; in 9.9%, the gestational age was ≤12 weeks. The most common clinical presentations were abdominal pain (77.4%), signs of hypovolemic shock (36.9%), fetal distress (31%), and vaginal bleeding (22.6%). The most common risk factors were the use of uterotonic drugs for induction or augmentation of labor and a prior curettage procedure. The most frequently ruptured site was the body of the uterus. Hysterectomy managed 36.9% of the ruptures. Four women died (4.8%). Perinatal mortality was 50.6%. Perinatal death was higher in developing than developed countries. Conclusions and relevance Although rare, spontaneous rupture of the unscarred uterus has serious consequences to the mother and the fetus and should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in pregnancy. Target Audience Obstetrician-gynecologists, family medicine physicians. Learning Objectives After completing this activity, the learner will be better able to describe the consequences of spontaneous rupture of the unscarred uterus to the mother and fetus; discuss risk factors for spontaneous rupture of the unscarred uterus and its potential occurrence in nulliparous, antepartum, and the first trimester; and discuss how timely assessment of a pregnant woman presenting with abdominal pain impacts survival of the mother and child.
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Christiansen, Mats, Mika Handelsman-Nielsen, and Manijeh Mehdiyar. "THE GRAYING RAINBOW: TRACING LGBTQI AGING IN SCANDINAVIAN LITERATURE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2475.
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Abstract Background: There have been several international reviews about aging LGBTQI health and living conditions, but where policy, social insurance, and services differ. The Public Health Agency of Sweden was given a government assignment to review the literature on LGBTI, emphasizing Scandinavian literature. Method: This scoping review includes peer-reviewed literature published in English or Scandinavian languages from January 1, 2012, to May 2022. Literature was searched in PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), Social Science Database, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA), and Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database. Initially, 11,428 articles were found. After removing duplicates using Rayyan and reviewing titles and abstracts, 54 articles were read in full. After the final review, 16 articles remained. Thematic analysis was used to produce themes from the reviewed literature. Findings: The following two themes were identified: Aspects of health and Living conditions. Studies were primarily interpretive. There is a lack of studies about some subgroups of older LGBTQ people in this context; for instance, there are insufficient studies on older lesbian women and gay men. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies on somatic health for older LGBTQ people, generally. Comparatively, albeit in small samples, we better understand trans descriptions of aging than lesbian women and gay men. There were no studies found on intersex individuals. Implications: There remains a paucity of literature regarding the life and living conditions for LGBTQI older adults in Nordic countries.
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A., Muhammed, Lee K., Said S.M., Shariff-Ghazali S., and Ibrahim A.H. "Planned Home Birth as a Safe Alternative to Hospital Birth for Low-Risk Women: A Systematic Review." African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery 6, no. 1 (March 7, 2023): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-dnq6bnpk.
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Home birth is a widely practised norm among women in most developing countries. Studies continue to evaluate the safety of planned home birth (PHB) for low-risk women in high-income countries. However, such studies are scarce in Africa and other developing countries. The study examined PHB as a safe alternative to planned hospital birth for low-risk women. An electronic search was carried out on databases such as Medline database, Cochrane, Google Scholar, PubMed, and CINAHL to identify studies published in English from January 2007 to December 2017. A Meta-analytic study, systematic reviews, and observational (prospective and retrospective) studies were included in the literature reviews. The studies were analyzed using descriptive and narrative synthesis. The strength and or limitations of each study were assessed. Sixteen eligible articles were finally reviewed. PHB is equally safe in terms of complication (especially postpartum haemorrhage) compared to planned hospital birth. PHB would have a similar outcome in reducing maternal death for low-risk women if compared with planned hospital birth. Although neonatal asphyxia is mixed across studies, PHB is associated with a similarly low rate of neonatal intensive care unit admission. It was also indicated that there was no increase in neonatal mortality for PHB, especially for parous women. PHB compared to the hospital is associated with a similar low risk of maternal complications, maternal deaths, newborn complications, and newborn deaths, especially for parous women. Therefore, PHB is a safe alternative to hospital birth for low-risk women. While studies that are more recent are required to evaluate its feasibility and safety in developing countries, PHB (if properly attended) may reduce maternal and newborn complications and death associated with unplanned home births.
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NGWAKWE COLLINS, C. "Gender equality and extreme poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa." Demography and social economy, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2020.04.056.
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This article assesses the link between the four pillars of gender equality and extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, the objective of the paper is to empirically examine whether the four pillars of gender equality, namely women’s health, women education, political participation of women and economic participation facilitate extreme poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. Data were collected from the World Bank development indicators and World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Index for 25 sub-Saharan African countries whose data appear on both indexes for three years into the SDGs era. Th e paper applied a quantitative approach with secondary data on poverty gap index drawn from the World Economic Forum Poverty Gap Index for sub-Saharan Africa. Data for twenty-fi ve sub-Saharan African countries were analysed using the fi xed-eff ect panel data regression approach using the Hauseman model selection test. Findings from the analysis indicate that, ceteris paribus, an increase in the threegender equity variables namely economic participation of women, education of women and political participation and leadership of women in sub-Saharan Africa has a signifi cant potential to reduce extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa within the sample of study. Since the fi ndings of this study have shown that extreme poverty can be reduced through increased women participation in economic activity, education and leadership, the SDG of poverty alleviation can be improved in sub-Saharan Africa through better government provision of economic, educational and leadership opportunities for women such as providing women with free-interest small business start-up funds, free education for women and supporting women to ascend and survive in political and leadership positions in sub-Saharan Africa through a balanced quota for female leadership positions. Given that the women’s health variable did not prove to be signifi cant on extreme poverty, further research is recommended to separate the health variable into rural health and urban health variables in order to examine the possibility that either of the health clusters might contribute signifi cantly to reducing extreme poverty. Th is paper contributes to existing literature by providing an empirical evidence to show that gender equality in sub-Saharan Africa is a viable policy strategy for achieving the SDGs 2030 Agenda of extreme poverty eradication in sub-Saharan Africa; the paper also provides empirical model for future study.
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Vandenberghe, Hanne. "Representation of Women in the News: Balancing between Career and Family Life." Media and Communication 7, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i1.1627.
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An in-depth literature review showed that women, despite their increasingly prominent roles worldwide, continue to be persistently underrepresented and stereotyped in news media. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which the representation of women changed over time in two Dutch-speaking Belgian newspapers <em>De Standaard </em>and <em>Het Laatste Nieuws</em>. An automated quantitative content analysis revealed that there is no increase of the number of women in the newspapers between 2005 and 2015. On the contrary, women are significantly less represented over time in the popular newspaper<em> Het Laatste Nieuws</em>. A qualitative analysis on two cases about women stepping into a leadership position—in 2012 (Catherine De Bolle<em> </em>as head of the Federal police) and in 2014 (Dominique Leroy<em> </em>as CEO of a Belgian telecom company)—showed that the press emphasised their femininity, their being a role model for other women, their being part of a family and having certain looks. Moreover, these women are clearly portrayed as ‘the best candidate’ pointing at the selection procedures and their capabilities to perform professionally. Probably, this strong emphasis is a way of justifying that these women are not selected because of positive discrimination. Further analysis of cases of both men and women stepping into top positions across countries and media platforms is recommended.
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Yunitasari, Esti, Dwi Utari Wahyuning Putri, Ni Ketut Alit Armini, Neisya Pratiwindya Sudarsiwi, and Vimala Ramoo. "Analysis of factors that affect the utilization of antenatal care in developing countries: a systematic review." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, no. 02 (February 1, 2023): S162—S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.ind-s2-37.
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Objective: To explain the factors related to the implementation of antenatal care in developing countries. Methods: The systematic review was conducted in June 2020 and comprised literature search on Scopus, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed and Garba Rujukan Digital databases for cross-sectional, survey-based, prospective, mixed-method, correlational, experimental, longitudinal, cohort and case-control studies published after 2015 in either English or Indonesian. The studies included involved pregnant women and discussed the factors of implementing antenatal care in developing countries, and explained the factors related to the implementation of antenatal care in accordance with the World Health Organisation recommendation. The Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study framework was used, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics with a narrative approach. Results: Of the 9,733 studies initially found, 50(0.005%) were shortlisted for full-text review, and, of them, 15(30%) were reviewed and analysed. There were 3(20%) each from Pakistan and Ghana, 2(13.3%) each from Nepal and India, and 1(6.66%) each from Jordan, Egypt, Yemen, South Africa and Vietnam. Overall, 10(66.6%) were cross-sectional studies. There were five factors identified regarding antenatal care; behaviour intention, social support, accessibility of information, personal autonomy, and action situations, including economic status, availability of facility and transportation. Conclusion: Antenatal care in pregnant women in developing countries is influenced by several factors, and economic status and the availability of facilities and infrastructure optimise the use of such services. Keywords: Pregnancy, Prenatal care, Maternal mortality, Autonomy.
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Hernandez-Flórez, Nubia, Alvaro Lhoeste-Charris, Francia Moncada-Navas, Yildret Del Carmen Rodríguez Ávila, and Jorge Luis Barboza Hernandez. "Suicide risk factors in university students: A review from the literature." Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 6, no. 6 (December 5, 2022): 2726–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v6i6.3726.
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The objective of the research is to carry out a review of the literature about suicide risk factors in young university students. The methodology used is quantitative descriptive with a bibliometric approach, under the PRISMA method. The search was carried out in three databases: Clarivate Web of Science, MDPI and Taylor and Francis that had the variables of suicide risk factors. Inclusion criteria were used such as: study variables, years 2019 to 2022, published in Spanish and English,scientific reports research results, research with clinical and non-clinical population. After the application of the Boolean operators, the total sample is (n=10360) and after screening with the PRISMA method (n=45). Results: The United States, followed by China and Bangladesh, are the countries that produce the most on the subject. The most frequent risk factors are: depression, anxiety, stress, academic commitments, lack of opportunities, low income and race. The students with the highest suicide rates are in the health area such as medicine and nursing, in addition, there is more suicide intent in women than in men.
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Das, Rimasree. "A study of diasporic elements in the select works of Margaret Atwood, Jhumpa Lahiri and Kiran Desai." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (2023): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.83.53.
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After the two world wars and India's independence from the British in 1947, English-language writing in India has advanced significantly. Since the two world wars and India's independence from the British in 1947, Indian Writing in English, as it was once known, has advanced significantly with a few countable writers on the horizon. There weren't many writers in the corpus of works that were produced in the English language by Indian writers, especially before the label changed from Indo-Anglian Literature (that was named such before) to Indian Writing in English. The two most recent female authors to contribute to the field of Indian English literature are Kiran Desai and Jhumpa Lahiri, yet their creativity transcends the confines of gender. They speak to an Indian culture that has experienced social anguish and cultural displacement both inside and outside of their own nation as a result of globalisation and immigration. They express the suffering of Indian immigrants who have migrated in foreign countries and are filled with sentiments of loneliness and displacement while having no other options for freedom on many fronts. The selection of these two highly regarded and award-winning authors was made for a variety of reasons, including the fact that they are both contemporary writers with a wide range of parallels and differences. They share a lot of traits, yet they also naturally vary in overt and subtle ways. Nonetheless, the literary output they provide readers with is overwhelmingly impressive, and they give voice to the world's silent immigrants. They present sorrowful, yet true, stories. For instance, the fictional character Biju from Kiran Desai's novella “Inheritance of Loss” has heart breaking anecdotes to share with us about his status as an illegal immigrant and how he concealed from American Immigration police agents by vanishing from the restaurant and through the hotel's mouse hole. There are now tens of thousands of Bijus living in countries like the United States, Germany, France, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, etc. Lahiri contrasts the two lives of two brothers who are travelling in opposite directions in her novel “Lowland”, which is a poignant and emotional depiction of immigrants. State terrorism claims the life of a young man as the wealthy continue to amass ever-increasing wealth at the expense of the poor, who continue to live in poverty. The “Lowland”, which was nominated for the prestigious Man Booker Prize in 2013, is sensitive to the brutal realities of society and the way the state uses the rural and ignorant majority for political purposes. The handling of female characters in immigrant stories also calls for a critical examination of Lahiri and Desai's literary creations. Another one of the well-known female writer Margaret Atwood in her novel “Surfacing” the main subject is separation. This is established in the opening chapter, as it is revealed that the narrator is politically dispossessed as an English speaker living in Quebec at a period when Québec was wanting to become an independent French-speaking nation. The narrator compares human contact to that of animals because she feels cut off from the people around her. As an illustration, the narrator thinks of an animal "at the instant the trap closes" while overhearing David and Anna having sex. Extremist David, who argues that Canada would be better off without the "fascist pig Yanks" and advises that they be driven out of the country by assault beavers, is the face of nationalism. The researcher opted to pick these two Indian immigrant women writers and Margaret Atwood for the dissertation as a result.
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Esquivel-Santoveña, Esteban Eugenio, Teri L. Lambert, and John Hamel. "Partner Abuse Worldwide." Partner Abuse 4, no. 1 (2013): 6–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.4.1.6.
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Research on partner abuse has lagged in much of the world where attention has been on other problems (such as famine and war) and other crimes against women (e.g., honor killings, genital mutilation). We conducted a sweeping review of scholarly articles published in peer-reviewed journals and by government agencies outside of the United States and English-speaking developed nations that provided quantitative data on physical, psychological, and sexual abuse of intimate partners as well as consequences, risk factors, and attitudes. One hundred sixty-two articles reporting on more than 200 studies in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and Europe met the inclusion criteria from various types of samples. Most of the studies reported on female victimization only, but 73 reported on both male and female victimization.We also conducted an analysis of data from our literature review, including 1 major cross-national study, to determine the relationship among prevalence of abuse, social factors, and women’s empowerment. Results indicate that partner abuse is a widespread problem around the world, with multiple causes. Overall prevalence of abuse is higher in Third World countries compared to the United States, and rates for physical and psychological abuse are comparable across gender in most countries when all types of samples are considered. No significant association was found between rates of partner violence (PV) and a nation’s level of human development. However, a significant relationship was found between a nation’s level of gender empowerment and rates of PV by both males and females but only for university dating samples from the International Dating Violence Study (IDVS). In addition, an analysis of the IDVS indicates that efforts by 1 partner to dominate the other are positively correlated with physical abuse perpetration for women, but not for men. Among the limitations of this review was the relatively few numbers of large population studies that ask about both male and female perpetration and victimization and the consequences and context of PV. Implications of the findings include the need for a broader conceptualization of PV as not merely a gender problem but also (and perhaps primarily) a human problem.
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Kalra, Harish, Thach Tran, Lorena Romero, Prabha Chandra, and Jane Fisher. "Burden of severe maternal peripartum mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review." Archives of Women's Mental Health 25, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-021-01201-9.
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AbstractPeripartum severe mental disorders (PSMDs) encompass schizophrenia, affective psychosis, and psychotic and non-psychotic forms of bipolar disorders. PSMDs are well documented in high-income countries. However, much less is known about the prevalence of PSMDs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim was to review the available literature systematically and estimate the prevalence of PSMDs among women in LMICs. We searched the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Maternity and Infant Care databases systematically from the date of inception to Dec 31, 2020, for English-language publications with data on the prevalence of PSMDs among women in World Bank–defined LMICs. Selection of studies, extraction of data and assessment of study quality were each undertaken independently by at least two of the investigators. A total of five studies (completed in three countries spanning two continents) met the inclusion criteria. Five studies reported cumulative incidence of postpartum psychosis (ranging from 1.1 to 16.7 per 1000 births). We found no studies on the prevalence of severe mental disorder during pregnancy in these settings. Marked heterogeneity in methodology precluded meta-analysis. These findings indicate that PSMDs occur at a similar prevalence in low- and middle-income to high-income countries. However overall, there is a paucity of high-quality evidence from these settings. There is a need for rigorous studies with standardized methods to increase knowledge of the nature, prevalence, and determinants of PSMDs among women in resource-constrained LMICs to inform policies, service development, program planning and health professional training.
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Zhirova, M. Yu, and S. V. Kondratyuk. "Criminal-legal and criminological aspects of infanticide in the countries of the anglo-saxon system of law." Vektor nauki Tol’attinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria Uridicheskie nauki, no. 4 (2022): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2220-7457-2022-4-18-27.
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The paper considers the criminal-legal and criminological aspects of killing by a mother of her newborn child (neonaticide crimes). The urgency of the research is caused by the application of the experience of foreign schools in the domestic legal science. The scientific thought of the Anglo-Saxon legal school has achieved considerable results in the sphere of preventing such social phenomenon as neonaticide; however, in the domestic scientific literature, these achievements did not find proper representation. The paper covers the study of neonaticide in the Anglo-Saxon scientific literature. The authors summarize the results of the studies covering the issues of classification and prevention of neonaticide in Anglo-Saxon law. Based on the provisions of Anglo-Saxon law, the authors review the terminology of this phenomenon. The paper analyzes the issues of state prosecution in the cases of neonaticide. The authors note the multiplicity of interpretations of the elements of this crime; identify the contradictions in American and English judicial practice. The study shows that the Anglo-Saxon legal system pays attention to the psychological state of a parturient woman and other elements of the subjective aspect of a crime. Minimizing the severity of criminal punishment for the neonaticide crimes taking into account the psychological state of a parturient woman contributes to strengthening the criminal protection of the life of newborns. The definition of the situation of the commission of a crime, the sequence of actions of a guilty person when preparing and executing the infanticide is valuable for the domestic science. In the structure of the way of committing a crime, the authors specify the actions of causing fatal injuries to a newborn, show the differences of this crime from the abandonment of a child in a helpless condition. Other actions specific to a neonaticide crime are specified. The authors conclude that for the domestic criminology, measures used in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon law system are applicable. Preventive measures include wide social assistance to women of reproductive age. To the opinion of scientists dealing with Anglo-Saxon law, compulsory education of young women on the issues of sexual health is an effective prophylaxis direction. Such prophylaxis direction is also applicable in the domestic practice.
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Köhler, Realm, Sudathip Sae-tan, Christine Lambert, and Hans Konrad Biesalski. "Plant-based food taboos in pregnancy and the postpartum period in Southeast Asia – a systematic review of literature." Nutrition & Food Science 48, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 949–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-02-2018-0059.
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PurposeFood taboos during pregnancy and the postpartum period have been linked to increased risk of maternal and neonatal death. This paper aims to present plant-based food restrictions on Southeast Asian women during pregnancy and after giving birth and the rationale behind such cultural practices.Design/methodology/approachGoogle® Scholar, PubMed and Scopus search using the term food taboo, its synonyms and truncations, in combination with the terms pregnancy, postpartum and breastfeeding, and with the name of the Southeast Asian countries, was conducted from January to February 2017. Articles were included in the review if their full texts were accessible online, in English, published from 2005 to 2016 and if they contained primary data from either quantitative or qualitative method.FindingsA total of 281 articles were downloaded, and 28 were included in this review. The food taboos and the reasons for avoidance were collated and grouped per their occurrence and according to the country or countries where they are practiced. In total, 14 papers generated data on food taboos during pregnancy, 16 papers on postpartum food taboos and/or 6 on breastfeeding.Research limitations/implicationsThis review pools together relevant information about plant-based food taboos Southeast Asian women adhere to during pregnancy and after giving birth. However, data are absent for some of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, and there is a need for more research to get up-to-date information on the local women’s adherence to these cultural practices.Practical implicationThe knowledge of these practices can support stakeholders who are contributing to the reduction of maternal and under-five mortality ratios in Southeast Asia.Originality/valueThis is the first review paper on food taboos covering all ASEAN members and highlighting the need for cultural sensitivity to properly address maternal and child health problems in the region.
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Susilowati, Fitri, Krisna Yetty, Riri Maria, and Ichsan Rizany. "Gambaran personal hygiene dengan kejadian infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) pada wanita: A systematic literature review." Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan 18, no. 3 (May 7, 2024): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i3.128.
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Background: Lack of personal hygiene in women can result in urinary tract infections (UTI). UTI is a disease caused by the proliferation of microorganisms in the urinary tract. Purpose: To analyze personal hygiene features that can influence the incidence of UTI in women. Method: Systematic review research design using the PRISMA flow diagram. Researchers used PIO and searched for English language articles published in 2018-2023. The databases used include ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The MeSH used in the literature are woman, working woman, personal hygiene, feminine hygiene products, menstrual hygiene products, and urinary tract infections. Results: The sample size of the reported studies ranged from 82-1,045 conducted in various countries including India, the United States, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Africa. Based on literature searches, it was found that UTIs can be caused by poor genital and perineal hygiene practices, poor hygiene during menstruation, the use of reused cloth sanitary napkins, the use of non-cotton underwear, and the habit of holding in urination. Conclusion: The incidence of UTIs in women is caused by personal hygiene such as poor genital and perineal hygiene practices, poor hygiene during menstruation, the use of reusable cloth sanitary napkins, the use of non-cotton underwear, and the habit of holding in urination. Keywords: Personal Hygiene; Urinary Tract Infection (UTI); Woman. Pendahuluan: Kurangnya menjaga kebersihan diri pada wanita dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya infeksi saluran kemih (ISK). ISK merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh berkembang biaknya mikroorganisme pada saluran kemih. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis gambaran personal hygiene yang dapat memengaruhi kejadian ISK pada wanita. Metode: Desain penelitian tinjauan sistematik dengan menggunakan diagram alur PRISMA. Peneliti menggunakan PIO dan mencari artikel berbahasa Inggris yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2018-2023. Database yang digunakan antara lain, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Scopus. MeSH yang digunakan dalam literature adalah woman, working women, personal hygiene, feminine hygiene products, menstrual hygiene products, dan urinary tract infections. Hasil: Ukuran sampel dari penelitian yang dilaporkan berkisar antara 82-1.045 yang dilakukan diberbagai Negara termasuk India, Amerika Serikat, Turki, Arab Saudi dan Afrika. Berdasarkan penelusuran literatur ditemukan bahwa ISK dapat disebabkan oleh praktik perilaku kebersihan alat kelamin dan perineum yang buruk, kebersihan saat menstruasi yang kurang baik, penggunaan pembalut berbahan kain yang digunakan kembali, penggunaan celana dalam yang bukan berbahan katun, dan kebiasaan menahan buang air kecil. Simpulan: Kejadian ISK pada wanita disebabkan oleh personal hygiene seperti praktik perilaku kebersihan alat kelamin dan perineum yang buruk, kebersihan saat menstruasi yang kurang baik, penggunaan pembalut berbahan kain yang digunakan kembali, penggunaan celana dalam yang bukan berbahan katun, dan kebiasaan menahan buang air kecil (BAK). Kata Kunci: Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK); Kebersihan Pribadi; Wanita.
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van Bergen, Diana, Ozlem Eylem-Van Bergeijk, and Amanda Heredia Montesinos. "Attempted suicide and suicide of young Turkish women in Europe and Turkey: A systematic literature review of characteristics and precipitating factors." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): e0253274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253274.
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Background The increased risk of suicidal behaviour among Turkish women living in Europe and Turkey is a serious public health problem. This study compares and synthesises the empirical evidence of demographic, social, psychological and interpersonal characteristics and precipitating factors in the suicides and attempted suicides of Turkish women in Europe and Turkey. Methods We systematically searched eight databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Med Line, Web of Science, Smart Cat, Safety Lit, BASE and Ulakbim), using search terms in English, Turkish, German and Dutch, as well as the reference lists of the retrieved papers. We extracted data on countries/regions, population characteristics, sample characteristics, recruitment, method of data collection, type of suicidal behaviour (suicide or attempted suicide) and precipitating factors and characteristics. The results were qualitatively synthesised. Results We retrieved nine studies on attempted suicide in Europe (from Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands), 17 studies on attempted suicide in Turkey and 10 studies on suicide in Turkey (36 in total). Overall, we found similar precipitating factors and characteristics of attempted suicide and suicide in Turkey and Europe, including socio-demographic factors (young age and not being enrolled in the labour market), poverty and, to some extent, mental illness. Moreover, conflicts with family or spouses and violence against women, including so-called honour violence, were particularly common for women living in or originating from traditional areas in Turkey. Conclusion The framework of intersectionality is relevant to understanding our results, because structural inequalities in gender roles, gender role expectations as well as power imbalances among socio-economic classes collectively impact the suicidal behaviour of Turkish women. Moreover, the importance of violence against women points to the cultural continuity of the patriarchal and oppressive structures of Europe and Turkey. Suicide prevention efforts should address cultural attitudes underlying violence against women and girls through community education programmes, cultural and gender-sensitive care provision and jurisdiction.
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Mekonnen, Alemayehu Gonie, and Yohannes Moges Mittiku. "Early-onset of sexual activity as a potential risk of cervical cancer in Africa: A review of literature." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 3 (March 22, 2023): e0000941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000941.
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Introduction In most African countries, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women, both in terms of incidence and fatality. In the existing literature, age is risk factor for developing cervical cancer since it occurs mainly after the middle life of women. However, there have been contradictory findings in the literature on whether early sexual intercourse is linked to cervical cancer, with some studies indicating no relationship and others reporting an increased risk. Hence, this review analyzed data from recently published studies on cervical cancer. Methods Seven databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medscape, EMBASE, African Journals Online and Science Direct) were searched for papers published from January 2000 to March 2022 in English. Ten studies were included in analysis. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA 11. Heterogeneity between-study was explored by forest plot and inconsistency index (I2). The publication bias was checked by a funnel plot and Egger’s test. The pooled estimates of odds ratios were calculated by a random-effects model. Results In the subgroup analysis, there was no significant association between early sexual activity and cervical cancer. However, the overall pooled analysis of these ten studies revealed that there is an association between early sexual debut and cervical cancer. In the random effect model, we found a pooled odds ratio of 2.95 (95% CI = 1.06, 4.83), indicating that women who began sexual intercourse before the age of 18 had a higher risk of getting cervical cancer than adult women. Conclusion In this analysis, women who began having early sexual debut had a greater risk of developing cervical cancer than those who initiated sexual intercourse later in life. Delaying the age of first sexual activity among adolescents could help prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer.
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Fu, Yuanqing, Xin Liu, Bing Zhou, Alice C. Jiang, and Lingying Chai. "An updated review of worldwide levels of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid in human breast milk by region." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 15 (April 8, 2016): 2675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016000707.
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AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) levels in human breast milk worldwide by country, region and socio-economic status.DesignDescriptive review conducted on English publications reporting breast-milk DHA and AA levels.SettingWe systematically searched and identified eligible literature in PubMed from January 1980 to July 2015. Data on breast-milk DHA and AA levels from women who had given birth to term infants were included.SubjectsSeventy-eight studies from forty-one countries were included with 4163 breast-milk samples of 3746 individuals.ResultsWorldwide mean levels of DHA and AA in breast milk were 0·37 (sd0·11) % and 0·55 (sd0·14) % of total fatty acids, respectively. The breast-milk DHA levels from women with accessibility to marine foods were significantly higher than those from women without accessibility (0·35 (sd0·20) %v. 0·25 (sd0·14) %,P<0·05). Data from the Asian region showed the highest DHA concentration but much lower AA concentration in breast milk compared with all other regions, independent of accessibility to marine foods. Comparison was made among Canada, Poland and Japan – three typical countries (each with sample size of more than 100 women) from different regions but all with high income and similar accessibility to fish/marine foods.ConclusionsThe current review provides an update on worldwide variation in breast-milk DHA and AA levels and underlines the need for future population- or region-specific investigations.
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Ilozumba, Onaedo, Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade Abejirinde, Marjolein Dieleman, Azucena Bardají, Jacqueline E. W. Broerse, and Sara Van Belle. "Targeting strategies of mHealth interventions for maternal health in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e019345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019345.
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IntroductionRecently, there has been a steady increase in mobile health (mHealth) interventions aimed at improving maternal health of women in low-income and middle-income countries. While there is evidence indicating that these interventions contribute to improvements in maternal health outcomes, other studies indicate inconclusive results. This uncertainty has raised additional questions, one of which pertains to the role of targeting strategies in implementing mHealth interventions and the focus on pregnant women and health workers as target groups. This review aims to assess who is targeted in different mHealth interventions and the importance of targeting strategies in maternal mHealth interventions.Methods and analysisWe will search for peer-reviewed, English-language literature published between 1999 and July 2017 in PubMed, Web of Knowledge (Science Direct, EMBASE) and Cochrane Central Registers of Controlled Trials. The study scope is defined by the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes framework: P, community members with maternal or reproductive needs; I, electronic health or mHealth programmes geared at improving maternal or reproductive health; C, other non-electronic health or mHealth-based interventions; O, maternal health measures including family planning, antenatal care attendance, health facility delivery and postnatal care attendance.Ethics and disseminationThis study is a review of already published or publicly available data and needs no ethical approval. Review results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017072280.
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Goyal, Geeta. "Gender, Borders and Boundaries in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre." Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal 03, no. 02 (April 5, 2024): 276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.59231/sari7703.
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The concept of borders and boundaries is one of the important themes in English literature. It might refer to national borders or divisions within countries or symbolize physical barriers, societal divisions or personal limitations. Metaphorically, borders and boundaries might mean the boundaries based on caste, color, creed or sex or represent expectations and prejudices or search for selfhood and identity. Writers from the marginalized communities take up the themes of construction of identity in their writing. Similarly, African-American writers, while addressing the issues of race, gender and class, illustrate their struggle and experiences. Their own lives serve as an inspiration to write about the trauma of displacement and slavery. The English novel in the 18th and 19th century largely focused on women primarily confined to the roles of wife, mother and homemaker. However, some novelists such as Mary Wollstonecraft and Aphra Behn challenged gender stereotypes and advocated for greater female autonomy and intellectual freedom. Similarly, Jane Austen, Elizabeth Gaskell, Thomas Hardy, Charlotte Bronte etc. questioned the prevailing attitudes and provided a fresh perspective on gender issues. Whereas Jane Austen celebrates intelligent and strong-willed female characters who resist societal pressures, Gaskell delves into the lives of working-class women and those on the margins of society. Similarly, Hardy chooses the sub-title A Pure Woman for his novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles in order to question the Victorian norms. The paper discusses Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and analyses how the novel embodies rebellion against societal constraints by presenting an unconventional heroine who is able to move beyond boundaries and carve her path amid restrictions imposed by society in which she lives.
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Signorelli, Marcos Claudio, Stav Hillel, Daniel Canavese de Oliveira, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Kelsey Hegarty, and Angela Taft. "Voices from low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol of primary healthcare interventions within public health systems addressing intimate partner violence against women." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e019266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019266.
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IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) considerably harms the health, safety and well-being of women. In response, public health systems around the globe have been gradually implementing strategies. In particular, low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) have been developing innovative interventions in primary healthcare (PHC) addressing the problem. This paper describes a protocol for a systematic review of studies addressing the impacts and outcomes of PHC centre interventions addressing IPV against women from LMIC.Methods and analysisA systematic search for studies will be conducted in African Index Medicus, Africa Portal Digital Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Index Medicus for the Southeast Asia Region, IndMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database (LILACS), Medecins Sans Frontieres, MEDLINE, Minority Health and Health Equity Archive, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scientific Electronic Library Online, (SciELO) and Social Policy and Practice. Studies will be in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published between 2007 and 2017, addressing IPV against women from LMIC, whose data quantitatively report on the impacts and outcomes for survivors and/or workers and/or public health systems preintervention and postintervention. Two trilingual reviewers will independently screen for study eligibility and data extraction, and a librarian will cross-check for compliance. Risk of bias and quality assessment of studies will be measured according to: (1) the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias for randomised controlled trials and (2) the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS). Data will be analysed and summarised using meta-analysis and narrative description of the evidence across studies. This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols(PRISMA P) guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will be based on published studies, thus not requiring ethical approval. Findings will be presented in conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017069261.
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Theeb, Laith, Alaa Tarazi, Mohammad Al-Kasaji, and Hamza Alduraidi. "Evaluating knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward breast cancer and breast cancer screening among females in Arab countries of the Middle East: A systematic literature review." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e18761-e18761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e18761.
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e18761 Background: Among all types of cancer, breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in women and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females globally. Developing countries possess approximately 60% to 70% of all worldwide breast cancer deaths. Despite the increasing efforts to expand awareness and encourage screening, breast cancer is still the most frequently diagnosed form of the disease in Arab countries. In this study, we aim to systematically review the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of middle-eastern Arab women toward the recognition of early breast cancer symptoms, risk factors, and screening. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus to identify relevant literature. Search terms included “Knowledge” OR “attitude” OR “practice” AND “breast cancer” AND “Arab region” OR “middle east region”, and other relevant and equivalent terms. All English language studies which achieved the inclusion criteria were included. Each article was independently screened by two researchers in two levels (title/abstract and full-text screening). Data extracted included, but was not limited to, country, study design, study population, sample size, level of knowledge, attitudes, practices, conclusions, and limitations for each study. Results: Out of the 1182 publications identified, 14 cross-sectional studies were included with respondents aged 15 and above. Study populations varied from females attending healthcare centers, to country residents and students. Five studies reported the level of overall BC knowledge, where respondents with low levels of knowledge ranged from 19.7% to 67%. The most chosen risk factors for BC were personal or family history (n = 5), and prior radiation (n = 2). A breast lump or mass was the most chosen warning sign (n = 5), followed by an armpit lump (n = 2). Regarding screening, women who had ever performed breast self-examination (BSE) ranged from 30.3% in Yemen to 57.5% in Oman, while those who consistently performed BSE ranged from 17.4% to 27.9%. Women who had ever undergone mammography ranged from 1.6% to 40%. Barriers to screening included system-related barriers (n = 2), feeling healthy (n = 2), fear of the results (n = 2), and others. Better screening practices were mostly associated with a higher level of education (n = 5), and personal or family history (n = 4). Conclusions: The majority of Arab women in the middle east had heard about breast cancer, but had a low level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward breast cancer and its screening methods, which was also variable among different counties. Multiple barriers to screening were found. Such findings can raise the need for programs that elevate knowledge, and provide accessible screening programs that solve for the barriers to screening in the Arab region.
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Haryanti, Priyani, Santhna Letchmi Pandugaran, and Musheer A. Aljaberi. "The Modification and Psychometric Test of Anemia Complication Prevention Instruments Based on The Health Belief Model." Asian Journal of Health and Applied Sciences 2, no. 3 (April 17, 2024): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53402/ajhas.v2i3.409.
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The high maternal mortality rate in middle-income countries is mostly caused by pregnancy complications, one of which is anemia in pregnancy. Behavioral instruments that use the health belief model are osteoporosis prevention, oral hygiene in pregnant women, and disaster preparedness. This instrument needs to be developed because based on previous literature searches it has not shown how the health belief model concept can be used to help pregnant women prevent anemia complications. This research aims to test the construct validity and reliability of the modified questionnaire for preventing anemia complications based on the health belief model. An internal validity test was conducted in Yogyakarta. Five specialists from different health fields - nurses, midwives, nutritionists, health promotion experts, and medical doctors- participated in the study. Some of the things that were done were as follows: 1) defining appropriate concepts and objectives; 2) defining and identifying domains; and 3) defining and creating items. 4) creating the measuring instrument, 5) finalizing the translation with the help of two native English speakers 7) preparing the test instrument for the content validity test, 6) running the validity test with five medical professionals, 7) Applying the Index of Content Validity (I-CVI) to the analyses. 8) Using Cronbach's alpha to conduct a reliability test on thirty pregnant women. The content validity index of the crucial indicator of behavioral prevention of consequences from anemia is one, and the relevance indicator also returns one, resulting in a total score of 0.99. Expert agreement in English has a kappa value of 0.442. Results of reliability using Cronbach's alpha of 0.807. The instrument for preventing anemia issues in pregnant women is valid and reliable, according to the study's findings.
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Anderson de Cuevas, Rachel Mary, Pooja Saini, Deborah Roberts, Kinta Beaver, Mysore Chandrashekar, Anil Jain, Eleanor Kotas, Naheed Tahir, Saiqa Ahmed, and Stephen L. Brown. "A systematic review of barriers and enablers to South Asian women’s attendance for asymptomatic screening of breast and cervical cancers in emigrant countries." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (July 2018): e020892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020892.
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ObjectivesThe aim of this review was to identify the cultural, social, structural and behavioural factors that influence asymptomatic breast and cervical cancer screening attendance in South Asian populations, in order to improve uptake and propose priorities for further research.DesignA systematic review of the literature for inductive, comparative, prospective and intervention studies. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE/In-Process, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, CDSR, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES from database inception to 23 January 2018. The review included studies on the cultural, social, structural and behavioural factors that influence asymptomatic breast and cervical cancer screening attendance and cervical smear testing (Papanicolaou test) in South Asian populations and those published in the English language. The framework analysis method was used and themes were drawn out following the thematic analysis method.SettingsAsymptomatic breast or cervical screening.ParticipantsSouth Asian women, including Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bhutanese, Maldivian and Nepali populations.Results51 included studies were published between 1991 and 2018. Sample sizes ranged from 25 to 38 733 and participants had a mean age of 18 to 83 years. Our review showed that South Asian women generally had lower screening rates than host country women. South Asian women had poorer knowledge of cancer and cancer prevention and experienced more barriers to screening. Cultural practices and assumptions influenced understandings of cancer and prevention, emphasising the importance of host country cultures and healthcare systems.ConclusionsHigh-quality research on screening attendance is required using prospective designs, where objectively validated attendance is predicted from cultural understandings, beliefs, norms and practices, thus informing policy on targeting relevant public health messages to the South Asian communities about screening for cancer.PROSPERO registration numberCSD 42015025284.
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Elghblawi, Ebtisam. "75: HPV INFECTION IN WOMEN: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR LIBYAN HEALTHCARE." BMJ Open 7, Suppl 1 (February 2017): bmjopen—2016–015415.75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015415.75.
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Background and aims:The increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-linked conditions like genital warts (GWs) among women is a worldwide concern. Sexual contact is the chief route of transmission of genital HPV infections and it has been estimated that about 70–80% of sexually active individuals will be exposed to genital HPV in their lifetime. Sexually active women under 25 years old have the highest rates of genital HPV infection. GWs are estimated to affect about 1% of sexually active women aged between 15 and 49 years old worldwide, with peak prevalence occurring in the twenties (20–29). GWs are seen in the dermatological or gynaecological outpatient clinics as there is no a STD clinic per se in Libya.Goal:To explore the evidence for possible interventions that might reduce the prevalence of genital warts.Objective:To examine the literature relating to the knowledge and attitudes of patients and others, and the behaviours (KAB) connected with GWs.Methods:The search strategy for this review was based on the context of “KAB”, and the key search words used were “genital wart”, “condyloma acuminate”, and “venereal warts”. The search was then focused on literature involving knowledge and GWs, attitudes and GWs and behaviours and GWs, in developing and developed countries. A database was used which integrated EBSCO, Scopus, Cochrane, life science database, journals, and peer review, and the English-language literature which were explored for the last ten years.Results:Many women are still uncertain about the basic facts regarding HPV and cervical cancer and GWs.Conclusion:From the literature review it has been found that there is a wide range of reported levels of knowledge about HPV internationally.This project demonstrated significant gaps in knowledge among many women worldwide about genital and HPV infection which varies according to ethnicity, socio-economic and other demographic characteristicsAustralian women in the literature seemed to be well informed about genital infection and HPV and this can possibly be attributed to the broad educational campaign about HPV connected to their vaccination campaign.Moreover, Dermatologists need robust to acquire new skills in constructing answerable questions, efficiently searching electronic bibliographic databases, and critically appraising different types of studies.