Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'WOMEN'S SATISFACTION'
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McMunn, Burnett Anne Marie. "Social roles and women's health : need satisfaction or normative satisfaction?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/62233/.
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Hsu, Chungwen. "Women's Retirement Income Satisfaction and Saving Behaviors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49586.
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Retirement saving research frequently has investigated the differences between working men and working women and primarily focused on the near retirement and retirement years. There is limited research targeting young to old working-age women including those who do not work for pay and are unemployed.The purpose of this study was to examine what factors affect non-retired working-age (25 years and older) women\'s retirement saving behaviors, retirement savings, and retirement income satisfaction. To implement the study, a research framework was developed based on Deacon and Firebaugh\'s Family Resource Management Model. The research framework for this study consisted of three major sections: (a) input (demographics, saving motives, retirement saving involvement level, retirement information seeking, current financial assets and debts, and future expectations), (b) throughput (retirement saving behaviors such as calculating needed retirement savings, being a retirement saver, starting saving for retirement age, and being a regular retirement saver), and (c) output (the objective retirement savings and the subjective retirement income satisfaction).
An online survey instrument was developed to obtain data for the study. Two pilot tests were conducted to confirm the validity and reliability of the instrument. Data for this study were collected from a national population between May 25, 2012 and May 30, 2012 with 591 valid responses. Several statistical methods were employed: descriptive statistics, one-way between-groups analysis of variance (ANOVA), direct logistic regression, and standard multiple regression.
From the results of the study, only about one-third of the women (31.8%) reported they expect to get the full amount of Social Security retirement income that today\'s retirees get. However, around 60% of the women only save less than $25,000 or none in employer-provided retirement accounts or in personal investments and savings. There is an un-addressed gap between the cognition of the need to save for retirement and real saving action. A regular retirement saver is more likely to save more in employer-provided retirement accounts and to feel more satisfied with that retirement income. Yet, regular retirement savers have less savings in personal investments and savings, possibly because they believe their work investments will be sufficient or some women may make direct deposits to meet the annual limits of retirement plans. Other researchers have not reported this relationship.
Those women who are more cognitively involved with saving for retirement are more likely to calculate needed retirement savings and to be a retirement saver, but they are less satisfied with retirement income from Social Security and from personal investments and savings. Satisfaction level is subjective; thus, those who expect to own more types of assets in retirement may have a higher satisfaction level with the expected income from both employer-sponsored retirement accounts and personal investments and savings. Generally, greater satisfaction with expected retirement income is associated with higher accumulation in retirement savings, and the female savers have much more retirement savings than non-savers. However, there is no difference in the retirement income satisfaction of savers and non-savers.
These findings have implications for financial educators, counselors and advisors, researchers, employers, and policy makers. There are recommendations for women and future research.
Ph. D.
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Rhone, Sharrunn Nicole. "Eating, body satisfaction, ethnicity, and women's relationship with God /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01242007-094902/.
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Thesis (honors)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Lisa Lilenfeld, advisor. Electronic text (45 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 6, 2007 . Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-35).
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Rhone, Sharrunn Nicole. "Eating, Body Satisfaction, Ethnicity, and Women's Relationship with God." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_hontheses/2.
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The hypotheses of the current study are that (1) black women will be more spiritual and (2) will have more knowledge of the Holy Spirit than white women, and (3) spirituality will be negatively correlated with eating disorder symptomatology and body dissatisfaction. (4) African American women will have lower body dissatisfaction and (5) less eating disorder symptomatology than Caucasian women. It is predicted that (6) ethnicity will have more influence on eating disorder symptomatology and spirituality than current and ideal weight. (7) Current weight will have more influence on body dissatisfaction than ethnicity or ideal weight. Finally, (8) the ideal weight of black women will be higher than that of white women. Participants included 95 African American and Caucasian female college students. All the hypotheses were supported. Prospective research can discern whether racial differences in spirituality have causal influence on healthier body image held by many black women.
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Menninger, Sarah Wheeler. "The impact of rising women's salaries on marital and relationship satisfaction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4852/.
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Using data from a national survey, this study examines income and other key variables (division of labor and work-family conflict) and their relationship to marital satisfaction. This study builds upon the body of research regarding working couples and women's increased participation in the paid labor force as well as evaluates the findings in the context of data gathered from the recent United States census. Results from this study also are compared to the findings of other key studies. Emergent data may be used to prepare counselors to work more effectively with couple clients and to assist employers in the development of work life policies for dual career and dual earner employees. Results from the multiple regression revealed no direct effects of income on marital satisfaction. For this sample, increases in work family conflict contributed to less marital satisfaction as did the presence of children. Increased participation in household chores by respondents' partners contributed to increased marital satisfaction. No differences were observed by gender. Limitations of the study, recommendations for further research, and implications for practitioners also are addressed.
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Mehlomakulu, Vuyelwa. "Women's views on and experiences of condom use : an exploration of how this impacts on women's sexual satisfaction and male condom use among women." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10754.
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Includes bibliographical references.Consistent condom use amongst women and men is one of the important safer sexual practices in combating the spread of HIV/AIDS. This dissertation examines factors which hinder or facilitate consistent male condom use, particularly as it relates to women's sexual satisfaction. Findings indicated that women felt that it was important to use condoms during sexual intercourse in order to obtain protection against HIV, STIs and pregnancy. Just over half of the women reported condom use at last sexual intercourse. Women's own sexual dissatisfaction was regarded as one of the main reasons why condoms were not consistently used by women. The results of this study suggest that that while it is important for HIV/AIDS interventions to focus it is also important to better understand a less investigated issue of women's own possible resistance to male condom use.
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Sylvester, Kara. "Women's Satisfaction with their Childbirth Experiences: What Influenced Their Satisfaction and What They Wish They Had Been Told." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SylvesterK2004.pdf.
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Chan, Hoi-kei Gloria, and 陳凱琪. "Rejection concerns accentuate effects of thin-ideal images on women's body satisfaction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45986277.
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Roman, Michelle. "Relationships Between Women's Glass Ceiling Beliefs, Career Advancement Satisfaction, and Quit Intention." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3830.
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Research on the glass ceiling shows that women may encounter obstacles in their pursuit of high-level management positions. The purpose of this quantitative study was to test the explanatory style theoretical framework by examining relationships between women's glass ceiling beliefs, career advancement satisfaction, and quit intention and to determine whether satisfaction with career advancement opportunities mediated the relationship between glass ceilings beliefs and quit intention. Data were collected from 179 working women in the public or private sector and women who exited the public or private sector job market within the past 5 years via Web-based surveys. Glass ceiling beliefs were assessed using the Career Pathways Survey (CPS), career advancement satisfaction was assessed using the Career Satisfaction Measure, and quit intention was assessed using the Intention to Quit Scale and data were analyzed using multiple regression and correlational statistical techniques. Findings indicated significant relationships between the principal variables. Results also showed that career advancement satisfaction had a significant mediating effect on denial, resilience, and acceptance glass ceiling beliefs and quit intention. Findings may be used to help women understand how their glass ceiling beliefs and career satisfaction drivers influence their reaction to workplace events and may be used by employers to implement proactive retention strategies.
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Lee, Audra. "Women's Gender Role Attitudes: Association of Demographic Characteristics, Work Related Factors, and Life Satisfaction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3650/.
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Factors related to women's gender role attitudes were assessed using data from a national survey in 1988 in which 3,507 members of the Young Women cohort were interviewed by phone. The demographic characteristics were education, age, marital status, and region of residence. Older women, married women, and those of Southern residence were hypothesized to have traditional gender role attitudes. These hypotheses were supported by the data (p &tn; .05, p &tn; .05, p &tn; .01, respectively). As hypothesized, those with high educational levels (p &tn; .01) had egalitarian attitudes. Four work related variables (labor force participation, hours worked at one's paid position, personal income, and earnings as percent of total family income) were hypothesized to relate to non-traditional gender role attitudes. Job dissatisfaction was hypothesized to relate to traditional gender role attitudes. Personal income (p &tn; .01) was related to non-traditional gender role attitudes. There was no relationship between labor force participation and hours worked at one's position and gender role attitudes. Percent of total family income (p &tn; .01) was related to traditional gender role attitudes, not egalitarian attitudes, and, as hypothesized, job dissatisfaction (p &tn; .05) was related to traditional gender role attitudes. Life dissatisfaction was hypothesized to relate to egalitarian attitudes; however (p &tn; .01) was associated with traditional, not egalitarian, gender role attitudes. When exploring practical reasons for women working, a negative relationship was found between Southern (p &tn; .01) residence and labor force participation (p &tn; .01) and practical reasons for women working. Higher educational levels (p &tn; .01) were positively related.
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Barokas, Judy. "Development and test of a causal model of midlife women's attainments, commitments and satisfactions." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134938/.
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Russell, Katrina Marie. "Women's participation motivation in rugby, cricket and netball : body satisfaction and self-identity." Thesis, Coventry University, 2002. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/42cf2a98-088e-404f-9ffb-f81911bbc086/1.
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The main reasons behind women's participation in sport have been identified as team membership, cooperation and friendship. This is seen in contrast to competition, status and possible career opportunities found in relation to men's participation in sport. Research also suggests that participation in physical activity and sport increases women's sense of well- being and acceptance of body size and shape. This thesis set out to explore the sporting experiences of women within rugby, cricket and netball. The first aim of the research was to investigate the participation motivation of women within three sports that differ in their levels of acceptability and required physical contact. The second and third aims were to examine how that participation might affect the development of self-esteem and body satisfaction. The fmal aim of the thesis addressed the issue of sporting identity development through exploring how participants in physical/non-physical, 'feminine'/'masculine' sports reflect on their sporting experiences. In addition the thesis considered how distinct parts of sporting participation such as clothing, team dynamics, physical contact and perceptions of sexuality synthesise to form the sporting identity of women rugby players, cricketers and netballers. The research was based on Constructivist/Interpretivist principles and combined both quantitative and qualitative methods. Initially, three questionnaires were used to assess participation motives (Participation Motivation Questionnaire), body image (Multi dimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire) and self-esteem (Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory). The questionnaires were sent to rugby players, cricketers and netballers through their organising bodies. Following the questionnaire stage of the thesis, 30 interviews were conducted to further explore the relationship between participation in sport, perceptions of femininity and the function the body took in developing body satisfaction. Key to the investigation was how sport participation impacted on identity development and the strategies used to maintain that image. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the interview accounts, focusing on the meanings given to sport by the individuals themselves. Social constructionism was used as a framework for interpreting the data. This produced a rich account of sporting experience highlighting how body satisfaction and perceptions of femininity are constructed and reconstructed by sportswomen. Findings from the questionnaires indicated that all sports rated team membership as the most important reason to participate in sport. Key fmdings demonstrated that satisfaction with physical appearance was strongly related to body areas satisfaction and global self-esteem for all sports. There was also no difference between sports on perceptions of physical attractiveness and all sports demonstrated significant relationships between satisfaction with physical appearance and body functioning. Following Stage One of the research process an interview schedule was developed that combined the key fmdings from each questionnaire and questions raised from the literature. The main findings from Stage Two highlighted how important sport is to these women, indicating a variety of techniques used to sustain an athletic image. It was also found that perceptions of femininity focused on the association of physical activity and sexuality. The assumption being that regardless of sport choice women were perceived as lesbian. Other key findings highlighted the transiency of body satisfaction. This refers to increases in body satisfaction through playing sport not being sustained once the athlete has transferred herself to a social context. Other findings relate to the use of the body in sport and the enjoyment of overpowering an opponent. School experiences of sport are identified as key to the development of gender stereotypes and why being regarded as a 'sporty' person is so important. The research on which this thesis is based suggests that sport comes to play an integral part in these women's lives and an activity that guided overall identity development. The thesis also highlights the transiency of body satisfaction and the inevitability of the lesbian stereotype due to participation in sport. The social constructionist interpretation of the data suggests how the shared vocabularies of body idioms that individuals embrace and use to judge other people determine the way in which we value physical behaviours and define physical attractiveness. The respondents demonstrated that regardless of prejudice and poor funding they still want to and enjoy the experience of sport participation. Potential research opportunities are also identified.
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Chartier, Katherine J. "Evaluating the Relationship between Women's Sexual Desire and Satisfaction from a Biopsychosocial Perspective." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/438.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between women's sexual desire and their reported level of sexual satisfaction. This study evaluated biological, psychological, and social factors of desire that might influence satisfaction. The sample for this study consisted of 77 Caucasian individuals, 45 women and 32 men, in their first marriage, who had been married on average 2 years. Results indicated that sexual desire was positively and significantly correlated with sexual satisfaction and that psychological and social factors most strongly explain women's sexual satisfaction. Further, women's perceptions of their own sexual desire, psychological and social, were more strongly associated with sexual satisfaction than their husband's perception of their desire, biological, psychological, or social.
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Öberg, Katarina. "On conditions of Swedish women's sexual well-being : an epidemiological approach /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5843.
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Papich, Sandra G. (Sandra Gene). "Estrogen Replacement Therapy and its Association with Life Satisfaction of Women over Fifty." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500948/.
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This study analyzed the effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), ethnicity, marital status, education level, maternal status and financial security on the perceived life satisfaction of women over fifty. Information was collected from 125 subjects at an independent school district. The instrument was adapted from a life satisfaction scale originally developed by B. Neugarten. Eight demographic items included ERT use, age, menopause status, marital status, educational level, ethnicity and perception of financial security. Statistical analysis consisting of one way analysis of variance, Student Newman-Keuls ad hoc procedure and multiple regression indicated an independent correlation between financial security and education level to life satisfaction scores. Neither ERT nor menopause status was correlated with perceived life satisfaction score of respondents.
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Lee, Audra Marshall Linda L. "Women's gender role attitudes association of demographic characteristics, work related factors, and life satisfaction /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3650.
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Boyes, Allison Wendy. "Women's Selection and Evaluation of Obstetric Hospitals: A Survey of the Northern Sydney Area." University of Sydney, Public Health and Community Medicine, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/393.
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A study of women's views of maternity services in the Northern Sydney Area Health Service was conducted as a result of the changing patterns of use of the Area's 7 obstetric hospitals. 340 primiparous women living in the Northern Sydney Area who had given birth in the previous six months were approached in Early Childhood Health Centres and asked to complete a survey exploring the factors influencing their choice of obstetric hospital, postnatal length of stay in hospital, and overall satisfaction with their choice of hospital. Of the 315 eligible women, 312 (99%) consented to participate and 297 (94%) completed the survey. Overall, reputation of the hospital and quality of nursing care were the most frequent reasons given for choice of hospital and there was some evidence that women selected different hospitals for distinct reasons. Women's postnatal length of stay ranged from less than 1 day to 11 days with an average of 5.3 days. Private patients stayed an average of 1 day longer than public patients, after adjusting for delivery type and pregnancy induced hypertension. There was little evidence that women in the Northern Sydney Area Health Service desire a shorter postnatal stay with the majority of women reporting they were satisfied with their length of stay. Overall, women displayed high levels of satisfaction with their choice of hospital; at least 90% of women attending all hospitals except one reported that they would choose the same hospital for the birth of another baby. This study provides valuable information, based on the experiences of the service users, to help guide the Northern Sydney Area Health Service in the provision of its maternity services to ensure they meet the changing needs of women and their families.
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Boyes, Allison Wendy. "Women's Selection and Evaluation of Obstetric Hospitals: A Survey of the Northern Sydney Area." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/393.
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A study of women's views of maternity services in the Northern Sydney Area Health Service was conducted as a result of the changing patterns of use of the Area's 7 obstetric hospitals. 340 primiparous women living in the Northern Sydney Area who had given birth in the previous six months were approached in Early Childhood Health Centres and asked to complete a survey exploring the factors influencing their choice of obstetric hospital, postnatal length of stay in hospital, and overall satisfaction with their choice of hospital. Of the 315 eligible women, 312 (99%) consented to participate and 297 (94%) completed the survey. Overall, reputation of the hospital and quality of nursing care were the most frequent reasons given for choice of hospital and there was some evidence that women selected different hospitals for distinct reasons. Women's postnatal length of stay ranged from less than 1 day to 11 days with an average of 5.3 days. Private patients stayed an average of 1 day longer than public patients, after adjusting for delivery type and pregnancy induced hypertension. There was little evidence that women in the Northern Sydney Area Health Service desire a shorter postnatal stay with the majority of women reporting they were satisfied with their length of stay. Overall, women displayed high levels of satisfaction with their choice of hospital; at least 90% of women attending all hospitals except one reported that they would choose the same hospital for the birth of another baby. This study provides valuable information, based on the experiences of the service users, to help guide the Northern Sydney Area Health Service in the provision of its maternity services to ensure they meet the changing needs of women and their families.
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Velez, Christine Marie. "Latinas and Sexual Health: Correlates of Sexual Satisfaction." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4408.
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Latinas/os are one of the fastest growing and most heterogeneous minority ethnic groups in the US. One in 5 women in the US are Latina; by 2060, it is projected that Latinas will compose 1/3 of the female population. Latinas continue to experience disparities in sexual and reproductive health outcomes compared to non-Hispanic whites. While factors impacting undesirable consequences of sexual activity for Latinas have been well documented, Latinas' experiences with sexual satisfaction in the broader context of sexual health remains understudied, despite sexual satisfaction having been identified as an integral component of sexual health. A focus on positive sexual health outcomes for Latinas has the potential to challenge known stereotypes about Latina sexuality; specifically, those related to cultural constructs such as acculturation, machismo and Marianismo. Conversations about the positive aspects of sexuality and sexual wellbeing are largely absent from current social work literature, education and practice. Often times, cultural stereotypes about acculturation, machismo and marianismo are perpetuated through risk-based approaches to understanding Latina sexuality. This study seeks to provide insight into factors correlated with sexual satisfaction for Latinas and to increase understanding of differences and similarities amongst Latina subgroups with respect to sexual satisfaction. This study is informed by Intersectionality and Latina Critical Race Theory; these theoretical approaches inform the research methodology and interpretation of findings by centering Latina identities and challenging stereotypes about Latina sexuality through a focus on positive aspects of sexual well-being.
This is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of Wave IV data from the 2008 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) study. Wave IV includes a sample of 287 adult Latina women, who identified as either Mexican (56.9%), Chicana (6.7%), Cuban (4.2%), Puerto Rican (13.8%), and/or Central American (11.7%) or "other" (12.9%), with some identifying as multi-racial. The mean age of participants is 28 years. ANOVA analysis identified no significant group differences amongst Latina subgroups with respect to sexual satisfaction. Bivariate correlations indicated statistically significant associations between sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction. After controlling for income, education and religion, multiple regression analyses showed that relationship satisfaction, number of vaginal sex partners, and frequency of sexual relations were significantly correlated with sexual satisfaction. The more frequent engagement in sexual activity, and the more sexual partners one has is correlated with higher levels of sexual satisfaction.
This study contributes to our knowledge of Latina sexual health, especially our understanding of factors that impact sexual satisfaction. For Latina women, health promotion programs should be designed to enhance interpersonal relationships that are based on mutual respect and care, utilizing culturally relevant approaches. Findings of this study challenge stereotypical cultural constructs related to acculturation, machismo and marianismo. This study shows that quality relationships built on trust, communication and love are strongly correlated with sexual satisfaction, which in turn should impact overall health. These findings support the recognition of positive aspects of sexuality as a critical site of intersectionality as Latinas of all ethnic groups in this sample report high levels of sexual satisfaction, as well as relationship satisfaction and support health promotion and intervention intended to support the cultivation and maintenance of meaningful relationships for Latinas.
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Carter, Amanda N. "Feminist Women’s Health Movement Practices, Mindfulness, Sexual Body Esteem, and Genital Satisfaction." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/403.
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There is a significant issue in society today regarding the lack of knowledge about and positive regard attributed to women’s bodies, but more specifically female genitalia. This is detrimental to women in that it causes us to see ourselves in a negative light, or to overly sexualize certain aspects of ourselves, which may lead to severe psychological damage (American Psychological Association Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls, 2010). The 1970’s Women’s Health Movement presented a way for women to get to know their own bodies in a way that was private from society in order to make their own judgments free from the pressures and input of the larger public: vaginal self-examinations. This study proposed a modified exam, a genital self-exam, as a way to counteract the negative attitudes projected on women’s genitals by giving women a chance to examine and decide for themselves. Participants were encouraged to practice mindfulness, a mental state achieved through focusing one’s awareness on the present moment while calmly accepting one’s feelings, during the exam as accounts of the 1970’s vaginal exams suggest a mindfulness-like attitude was also adopted during exams. This was done by randomly assigning participants to either complete a self-exam or to not and then measuring genital self-image and satisfaction, sexual body esteem, and mindfulness. The results were largely non-significant, save a few interesting minor findings. However, there is evidence to suggest a biased sample; recommendations for further research in this area are suggested.
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Kelley, Shakina. "Sexual Satisfaction in Relationships." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2020/schedule/9.
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Sexual satisfaction is a major component of human behavior. Individuals in relationships have specific demands for sexual satisfaction. Relationships and societal trends may impact the standards for sexual performance. The effects of performance can result in negative transitions in relationships. Therefore, Individuals may also consider outside variables in addition to relationship status, length of relationships, sexual orientation, gender-role, and religiousness. This poster presentation will be based on a literature review. The review reveals positive effects of religiousness on sexual satisfaction for those married more than ten years. In comparison with social behaviors, gender-roles are not influenced by traditional or non-traditional beliefs. When social norms and sexual orientation are paired in correlation with satisfaction in relationships, gay men and lesbians rate higher than heterosexuals in the area of sexual satisfaction. When long-term and short-term relationships are measured based on sexual satisfaction, results indicate long-term relationships are successful due to active communication and no sexual dysfunctions.
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Cooper, Erin B. "A Person-Centered Approach to Understanding Women's Decision to Fake Orgasm." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/285129.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Studies suggest that nearly two-thirds of women fake or have faked orgasm, yet few researchers have explicitly examined this phenomenon. Previous studies have identified some group differences between women who fake orgasm and those who do not on dimensions of sexual experience, emotion regulation, intimacy, relationship status, and sexual functioning. To date, research into this phenomenon has relied solely on variable-centered analyses (e.g., exploratory factor analysis, correlation, and regression). This study used a person-centered approach (i.e., latent class analysis; LCA) to explore differences in women's motives across individuals, using scores from the Faking Orgasm Scale. A 5-class model was determined to be most interpretable and the best fitting to the data. Classes included low, moderate, and high frequency faking orgasm, partner-focused faking orgasm, and pleasure-focused faking orgasm. These classes were then compared on dimensions of sexual functioning, intimacy, and emotion regulation, as well as demographic variables (e.g., age, length of relationship, number of sexual partners). Significant differences were found in sexual desire, sexual activity, and orgasmic consistency, but not in sexual satisfaction. Significant differences were also evidenced in intimacy, general level of emotion dysregulation, and across various dimensions of emotion regulation. No differences across classes were revealed on age, length of relationship, or number of sexual partners. These findings can serve as the foundation for further exploration into understanding women's various styles of interacting sexually with a partner and may have implications for couples therapy, sex therapy, and individual interventions for women struggling with physical and/or emotional intimacy with a partner.
Temple University--Theses
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Rudman, Ann Ingmarsdotter. "Women's evaluations of intrapartum and postpartum care /." Stockholm : Karolinska insitutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-273-6/.
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Terranova-Nirenberg, JoAnn. "A quantitative study investigating supervisory style, satisfaction with supervision and self-efficacy among female clinical training supervisees." Thesis, Capella University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3598484.
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This non-experimental quantitative study investigated the relationship between supervisory style, satisfaction with supervision, and the level of self-efficacy reported by the study participants. The study was based on counselor supervision theories found in the literature. The study investigated whether there was a difference between traditional and non-traditional students' perceived satisfaction with supervision and their level of reported self-efficacy. The Supervisory Style Inventory (SSI), The Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ), and Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE) were the instruments used in this study. The study sample consisted of 72 female doctoral level graduate students who were completing, and post-doc fellows, who had previously completed, their internship training and clinical supervision at various Association of Psychology Postdoctoral & Internship Center training sites in the United States. Correlational and regression analysis was used to investigate the questions and hypotheses one, two and three. Research question four used an Independent Sample t Test to test the difference between the variables. The results showed that there was not a significant correlation between supervisory style and satisfaction with supervision. However, there was a significant correlation between supervisory style, and level of self-efficacy reported by participants. Additional findings showed that there was not a significant correlation among traditional and non-traditional students' perceived satisfaction with supervision and level(s) of reported self-efficacy. Lastly, the research concluded that satisfaction with supervision and the level of self-efficacy reported by the study's participants, did have a significant relationship for both groups when comparing the traditional and non-traditional students who participated in this study.
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McBain, Laura-Lynne. "Women's and men's networks in the workplace : attitudes, behaviours and outcomes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32295.
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Homosociality, the societal norm toward same-gender social bonding, has been hypothesized as an important explanatory variable in the maintenance of occupational segregation by gender and the low status of women in traditionally male-dominated occupations (Lipman-Blumen, 1976; Reagan & Blaxall, 1976). In this investigation of homosociality in the workplace, 257 women and 197 men employed in managerial, supervisory, professional, and technical positions in seven organizations completed a questionnaire regarding their career development and interpersonal relationships in their current organization.
Predictions derived from homosociality theory and the literature and research on mentoring, friendship, and organizational networks were tested. Of the 17 hypotheses associated with five research questions, 8 were fully or partially supported, 6 were not supported, and 3 could not be tested because factor analysis did not support the variable of interest (lifetime attachment). Alpha was apportioned using the Bonferroni inequality procedure; probability levels ranged from .025 to .0025 depending on the number of significance tests conducted for each question. Analysis of variance (Gender x Gender Composition of Network) and simple main effects analysis performed on mentoring and relationship provisions (intimacy, similarity, defiance of convention, respect for differences) scores indicated one significant main effect for gender: women's same-gender networks provided more intimacy than men's. Significant main effects for gender composition were: (a) men's same-gender networks provided more mentoring than their cross-gender networks; (b) women's same-gender networks provided more intimacy than their cross-gender networks; and (c) for both genders, same-gender networks provided higher levels of similarity and defiance of convention than cross-gender networks. Correlational analyses indicated: (a) for women, but generally not for men, homosocial attitudes were significantly related to the size and activities of same- and cross-gender networks; (b) for both genders, same- and cross-gender mentoring and primarily same-gender relationship provisions were positively and significantly related to career- and job-related outcomes.
Homosociality was evident in attitudes, network activities, and outcomes. Results also indicated signs of organizational gender integration. Implications for theory and counselling, and suggestions for future research, are discussed.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Brackin, Lena Anne. "Loneliness, depression, social support, marital satisfaction and spirituality as experienced by the Southern Baptist clergy wife." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279843.
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This was an exploratory study that investigated loneliness, depression, social support, marital satisfaction, and spiritual well-being among clergy wives to examine the levels of these variables present in the lives of these highly stressed women. A questionnaire was sent to 785 wives of ministers ordained and working in the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) in Arizona, Florida, Ohio, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Scales of measurement included the UCLA Loneliness Scale, an adapted Relational Assessment Scale (RAS), a six item segment of the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWB), and a qualitatively coded statement asking for a recent loneliness experience. The scales were preceded by a short demographic section that included a Likert-type rating of the difficulty of the wife's role as clergy wife and of the husband's role as a minister. Results indicate that clergy wives exhibit higher levels of loneliness than would be expected among happily married women. Overall, they have relatively small social networks, but claim to be highly satisfied with them, a counterintuitive finding. Depression levels for this group are no higher than those found in the general population. As expected, the wives exhibit high levels of spiritual well-being. These variables are highly correlated. A multiple regression analysis produced a model composed of depression, social support network number, social support satisfaction, spiritual well-being, and marital satisfaction that explains 53% of the variance in loneliness, although the last two variables explain only 1% additional variance above and beyond the first three. The findings are congruent with nonscientific and anecdotal evidence that indicate loneliness to be a problem for clergy wives while marital dissatisfaction and depression are rare. The qualitative data support the distinctions of Weiss (1973) that there are two major types of loneliness, emotional and social loneliness. The findings also indicate that loneliness and marital satisfaction do not always co-occur, that loneliness and depression do not always co-occur, that social support satisfaction may not always be interpreted identically by participants and social scientists, and that spiritual well-being should be studied further.
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Kleinplatz, Peggy Joy. "The impact of gender-role identity, conformity and choice on women's self-esteem, lifestyle satisfaction and conflict." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5344.
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Pearson, M. Rachel. "Women's sexual satisfaction, commitment, and attachment: Exploring the connections through the use of pro-relationship sexual behaviors." Diss., Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2381.
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The goal of this dissertation was to examine the associations between commitment,
sexual satisfaction, and attachment in women and to explore the mechanisms by which
commitment is associated with sexual satisfaction. This study expanded on previous research to
determine whether three pro-relationship sexual behaviors (disclosure of own needs, motivation
to satisfy partner, and emotional bond experienced after sex) mediated the association between
commitment and sexual satisfaction for securely and insecurely attached women. Based on the
literature, it was expected that the three pro-sexual relationship behaviors would mediate the
relationship between commitment and sexual satisfaction for the securely attached individuals,
but not for the insecurely attached individuals.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology
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Blessing, Aaron C. "The effect of structured teambuilding on athlete satisfaction in NCAA Division III men's and women's soccer players." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1293517.
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Previous research has explored the benefits of structured teambuilding interventions in the team sport environment (Voight & Callaghan, 2001). Structured teambuilding has a positive effect on cohesion, and the link between cohesiveness and successful athletic performance has been well documented (Carron, Colman, Wheeler, & Stevens, 2002), but little research has been carried out in terms of student-athlete enjoyment of their athletic experience based on the incorporation of structured teambuilding as part of the training environment. This study was designed to examine the effect of structured teambuilding on athlete satisfaction in NCAA Division III men's and women's soccer. One hundred and eleven student-athletes from six NCAA Division III soccer teams participated. Sixty-five student-athletes played for teams that used structured teambuilding (STB). Forty-six student-athletes played for teams that did not use structured teambuilding (NSTB). Students indicated average playing time per game and completed the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ) (Riemer & Chelladurai, 1998) at the conclusion of his or her regular season, but prior to any post-season competition. A 2 (use of team building) x 3 (playing status) ANOVA revealed significant main effects for use of team building, F(1, 105) = 9.34,p < .003, and playing status, F(2, 105) = 9.10, p = < .001. Post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences in 8 of the 15 subscales of the ASQ: individual performance, ability utilization, personal treatment, training and instruction, team social contribution, and personal dedication. STB studentathletes recorded significantly higher satisfaction when compared with their NSTB counterparts. Implications for the use of structured teambuilding as a tool for team development, drawing particular attention to the satisfaction of players, are discussed.School of Physical Education
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Stokes, Rachel R. "Analysis of the relationship between women's perceived body image and variables related to personal happiness and satisfaction." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2000. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/208.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Psychology
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SMITH, JACQUELINE R. "THE INFLUENCE OF UPWARDLY MOBILE AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN'S RACIAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT ON ANTICIPATED SATISFACTION OF COUNSELING SERVICES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990547863.
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Hendriks, Alexandra. "Examining the impact of repeated exposure to ideal mediated body images on body satisfaction, self-esteem, and disordered eating in females." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279969.
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Based on principles related to the self-concept, social comparison theory, self-discrepancy theory, and cultivation theory, this study predicted that increases in exposure to mediated ideal bodies would be associated with a greater likelihood to hold beauty-related beliefs and values consistent with those presented in mainstream media. The study further predicted that, by altering the fidelity of the relationship between the ought self and the ideal self, individual difference variables (i.e., body mass index, self-monitoring, intrasexual competitiveness, and self-efficacy) would interact with media exposure to affect body satisfaction. Body satisfaction, in turn, would interact with importance of the physical self to the self-concept to affect self-esteem, which would predict patterns of disordered eating. To test these predictions, 202 undergraduate females completed a survey during class time. Results revealed that fashion magazine consumption (but not television consumption) was positively correlated with beauty-related beliefs. While media exposure did not directly predict body satisfaction, body mass and self-efficacy were direct predictors of body satisfaction. Self-monitoring interacted with body weight and fashion magazine consumption to influence body satisfaction, as did intrasexual competitiveness. Body satisfaction and self-esteem were positively correlated with each other and negatively correlated with characteristics of eating disorders. The implications of these results, as well as suggestions for future research, are discussed.
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Roksana, Kaniz. "Women in Male-Dominated Industry :The Construction Industry : A Study of Women's Disinterest, Professional & Social Barriers, Walkout from Construction Industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-42904.
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Problem: Many women experience problems when trying to enter the construction industry and perceive several barriers in professional practice. As a result, day by day women are losing their interest in building their career within this male-dominated industry and diverting towards other professions. The fact that women are showing less interest to work within construction industry and leaving the industry has been found as a major problem. Since in this male dominated industry around ninety percent labour are men and expecting a large numbers of retirement in the future, therefore today’s construction industry has a strong demand for labour. The construction industry’s representatives want to increase the number of women in this trade, but because of the previous reputation and discriminatory work environment it’s become difficult to attract more women. Therefore, to enhance the participation of women in construction trades, it is necessary to understand women’s perceptions about the nature of work and level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the job. It is also important to know what kind of changes in the work environment can motivate women not to leave this industry? How to eliminate the barriers in professional practice? Purpose: This thesis explores the current position of women in construction industry, and seeks to identify the reasons of women’s disinterest about the industry, job satisfaction and the barriers (professional and social) that compel women to think to change career and leave the construction industry. Method: This study has been performed through a qualitative interview study based on themes, on the subject of women in male-dominated industry. The research data is collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with professionals from Sweden, the USA, Canada, Latvia, Greece, The Netherlands and Bangladesh. The participants were active within the construction industry, and had the designation of project manager, construction engineer or structural engineer. To analysis the data in this research the Thematic Analysis approach has been adopted. Findings: The interviewed women stated that the unpleasant work environment, gender discriminatory behaviours from the male colleagues, less career development opportunities, unfair promotion system and unequal salary compel them to rethink about their career choice and leave the construction industry. The results of this study showed that the barriers women face in professional practice also depends on the geographical position and societal culture.
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Fox-Young, Stephanie. "Uncertainty and difficulty in women's decision making at menopause." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
Find full textAbstract:
Gambling with health and well-being is not usually recommended. However, in the context of menopause, women's decisions are often more related to roulette than reasoned strategies. Currently available literature for general and medical or allied health audiences does not provide clear and unambiguous information on which women can rely to make menopause-related decisions. Three paradigms of menopause can be identified, each competing with the others not only in terms of their definition of menopause but also in their research methodologies and consequent findings. This competition between sources of information about menopause therefore contributes to the uncertainty that women experience when making decisions about menopause related
problems and issues. The effects of this diversity of paradigms of menopause on women's knowledge of menopause and their decision making practices and experiences were examined in three studies conducted in two phases. In the first phase, interviews were held with a representative sample of 381 midlife women. Their knowledge of menopause was found to be reasonable when compared to information commonly available at the time. Forty women who were drawn
from the initial sample then participated in focus groups and reported experiencing uncertainty arising from the information they had accessed about menopause.
In the second phase of the thesis, a model of menopause-related decision making in uncertainty was developed for testing which drew upon the findings of these two studies, and literature of decision making in uncertainty. This
model hypothesised that characteristics of the decision maker, including decision making and information seeking styles; inadequacies of the information; the complexity and difficulty of the decision; and the seriousness, urgency and severity of the problem or issue about which a decision was being made contributed to the level of uncertainty that women experienced. This uncertainty in turn was hypothesised to affect the woman's choice of decision strategy, her satisfaction with the decision and the time it would take her to resolve the matter.
The model of women's decision making in uncertainty was tested in the context of a menopause-related issue or problem in a third study, a self-report questionnaire completed by 166 women. The menopause-related problems and issues about which women were making decisions were varied, but Hormone Replacement Therapy was a common factor in a majority of cases. Women used a range of sources of information, and found them adequate overall, but decision making was reported to be difficult where conflict existed between sources of information and between the woman's and her sources' paradigms of menopause, or where there were inaccuracies or ambiguities in the sources she used. The severity of the problem and, to a lesser extent, the complexity of the decision were also influential factors in decision difficulty, as was the level of uncertainty experienced by the woman. While women were able to manage their uncertainty, it contributed to a sense of the decision being difficult, which in turn reduced their satisfaction with their decision. Although many women used purposeful strategies that were designed to improve their situation or solve their problem, for some, the focus became a search for certainty. Nevertheless, women's satisfaction with their decision regarding appropriate action for menopause-related problems or issues was
dependent on the perceived difficulty of the decision rather than on uncertainty per se or on any characteristic of the problem, the decision maker, or the decision itself.
Past literature and research about the effects of uncertainty in decision making are challenged by the findings of this study. Rather than uncertainty being the core component in decision making in the context of inadequate or unreliable information, the self reported difficulty of the decision is a more critical factor for women engaged in making menopause-related decisions.
Moreover, decision making style, attitude to menopause, information source contact profile, and menopausal status are largely irrelevant in explaining women's behaviour in menopause-related decision making. Further research is necessary to clarify the interrelationships of knowledge, attitude, uncertainty, decision difficulty and satisfaction. In the meantime, however, health professionals should provide assistance with decision making for patients who are experiencing problems or considering options in any field where the evidence is controversial.
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Hughes-Jones, Megan. "Women's recovery in the eating disorders : exploring the role of perceived mutuality in close relationships and social support satisfaction." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7145.
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Despite significant research attesting to the importance of interpersonal relationships and social support to recovery from an eating disorder, little is known about the relational qualities associated with support satisfaction. Furthermore, the extent to which interpersonal relationships and support satisfaction are associated with recovery, specifically, eating disorder symptom severity and readiness to make changes, remains unanswered in the literature.
Relational/Cultural Theory (RCT) emphasizes the importance of relationships to women’s well-being and mental health. RCT posits that chronic disconnection in one’s relationships may result in mental distress, including the development of an eating disorder. Consistent with this perspective on the etiology of an eating disorder, RCT suggests that recovery from an eating disorder may occur within the context of mutual relationships.
The current study employed RCT as a framework to explore associations among perceived mutuality in a close relationship, social support satisfaction, eating disorder and psychiatric symptomatology, and readiness for change in a clinical sample (N = 31) of adult women (> 18 years) struggling with an eating disorder. The study analyzed cross-sectional data collected from the St. Paul’s Hospital Eating Disorders Program, in Vancouver, BC, Canada. As per RCT, it was hypothesized that perceived mutuality in a close relationship and social support satisfaction would be significantly related, and that these two psychosocial variables would be associated with lower eating disorder symptoms and higher readiness for change. Correlational analyses were employed to address the study’s research question. Results did not support any of the predicted relationships. Due to the unexpected primary findings, several exploratory post-hoc analyses were conducted. These follow-up analyses extended the study’s investigation of perceived mutuality, social support satisfaction, and eating disorder and psychiatric symptomatology. Results suggest that certain elements of mutuality in a close relationship may be particularly important to support satisfaction. Furthermore, results offered some support for a relationship between perceived mutuality and attitudinal dimensions characteristic of the eating disorders. Overall, however, study findings were inconsistent with hypotheses based on RCT, and thus, question its application as a model within which to understand recovery from an eating disorder for adult women in a clinical context.
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Sharp, Helen Mary. "Women's expectations of childbirth and early motherhood : their relation to preferred mothering orientation, subsequent experience, satisfaction and postpartum depression." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34690.
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Reports from women experiencing postpartum depression often reflect concerns about babycare, the motherhood role and the self-concept and yet very little prospective research has examined women's prior expectations of childbirth and motherhood- related events in relation to the subsequent outcome of events and the development of postpartum depression. The present work was designed to explore this. It was also designed to investigate whether women differed in their antenatal preferences and experiential reports concerning labour, childbirth, the new-born baby and early motherhood in line with Raphael-Leff's (1983) facilitator/regulator theory of mothering orientations. A sociodemographically representative sample of 205 primiparous women were interviewed once in the third trimester of pregnancy. Data were collected concerning sociodemography, pregnancy context, recent life events, psychiatric history, perceived quality of intimate bonds with key others, antenatal psychiatric symptomatology and cognitive style. Women's preferences and expectations of labour, childbirth, the new-born baby and early motherhood were also assessed at this time. Objective obstetric outcome information was collected from medical records. Women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Cox et al., 1987) at six weeks postpartum and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ; Goldberg, 1978) at three months postpartum. Women's subjective experiences of labour, birth, their baby and early motherhood and the corresponding level of outcome satisfaction were also assessed. High scorers and a random sample of low scorers on the GHQ measure received a Present State Examination (PSE-10; Wing et al, 1990). Women displayed fundamental differences in their individual expectations of and preferences regarding childbirth, the newborn baby and early motherhood. These preferences and women's subsequent experiences followed predictions derived from the facilitator/regulator theory. Greater disparity between women's antenatal preferences or expectations of events and their subsequent experiences was significantly predictive of multiple indices of reduced postpartum psychological wellbeing over and above variables previously implicated in the postpartum depression literature. Different facets of expectation-outcome disparity were important for different women depending on their mothering philosophy. The nature of the external stressors and internal vulnerability factors found to be significant predictors of poor outcome also differed as a function of mothering orientation.
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Borg, Linda, and Lis Fredriksson. "How the exposure to idealized advertisement affect young women's self-esteem and body satisfaction: testing for the influence of lifestyle." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26783.
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Eating disorders and low self-esteem among young women is a growing concern in today’s society. Due to this growing concern, this subject has been given a lot of attention both in media and through academic research during recent years. One area that has been highly criticized and examined is the idealized ideals often presented in media and advertisement today. These ideals can, according to literature, harm young women due to social comparison with these idealized images. According to previous research, this social comparison can have a negative effect on both self-esteem and body satisfaction. Research also show that continued exposure to such ideals can lead to internalization of thin and beauty ideals, which in turn is proven to be a strong predictor for these images negative affect on self-esteem and body satisfaction. Because of these findings and the critique of these ideals in media, this is an important subject to study both because of the ethical concerns with continuing to reinforce these ideals in advertisement, and from a society’s perspective in order to learn who might need extra protection in order to not be harmed by these ideals. Therefore, this study will firstly examine if we can see a negative effect on high school student’s self-esteem and body satisfaction, after being exposed to idealized images (in our case thin-models). Our study will also examine, in a second part, if we can see, depending on the lifestyle of the students, if some girls are more vulnerable than others to the exposure of idealized images. The second part of the study will contribute with information of which young women that need extra protection and attention to not develop low self-esteem due to the pressure of living up to the ideals. The method of our study is mostly of a deductive nature since this is an extensively researched topic, where pre-established methods and theories can be found. However, as the second part of the study has not been previous research this part will use a combination of deductive and inductive strategy. To collect the primary data an experimental design is used, with pre-established measurements for self-esteem and body satisfaction. Moreover, statements regarding the participant’s lifestyle are constructed with the help of AIOs lifestyle questionnaire as an inspiration. The experiment processes consists of two steps. First, the participants are exposed to two images, either thin-model images, normal sized woman images, or control images (which is images without any persons in it). After the exposure, the participants are asked to answer the questionnaire consisting of the self-esteem measurement, the body satisfaction measurement, and the lifestyle statements. The first part of our study did not show any sign of the thin-model image having any effect on the participant’s self-esteem or body satisfaction. However, we found a significant difference between the girls of 15-17 years old and those who were 18-20 years old self-esteem and body satisfaction means. Where the girls 15-17 scored significantly lower in both. Our conclusion of these findings is that there still is a high internalization of unhealthy thin and beauty ideals especially among the younger girls. Therefore, idealized media still is harmful for these girls since they are reinforcing and contributing to these ideals in society. For the second part of the study, we found a significant difference between the Party lifestyle group and the Sport lifestyle group’s self-esteem, where the Party Lifestyle group had a significantly lower self-esteem than the Sport lifestyle group. Further, we could also see a connection throw-out all of our results between self-esteem and body satisfaction, where those who scored low in self-esteem most often also scored low in body satisfaction and the other way around. This finding showed us that those with a party lifestyle are more vulnerable to idealized media exposure in that way that they are more likely to internalize unhealthy beauty and thin ideals.
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Wallis, Julia. "The effects of social media on the body satisfaction of adolescent and young adult females." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18945.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Apparel, Textiles, and Interior Design
Joy Kozar
The thin female body-type perpetuated in the media has historically caused decreased body satisfaction in adolescent and young adult females (Dittmar, 2009). Previous studies have examined the impact of these images in traditional media, but few studies have examined images seen in social media. Therefore, this study examined how social media impacts the body satisfaction of adolescent and young adult females through the variables of age, time spent on social media, social comparison behaviors, and appearance-related attitudes. The study utilized a sample of females between the ages of 14 to 25. As a component of this study, age was broken into two groups, creating a younger (14-18) and older (19-25) group. This allowed the researcher to make comparisons between the two age groups in relation to the variables being studied. An online questionnaire was utilized as part of this study and distributed to college professors, high school instructors, high school and college-age students, and via social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. A total of 357 female respondents between the ages of 14 and 25 years old participated in the study. Of the 357 participants, 140 (39.2%) were in the age category of 14-18 and 217 (60.8%) were in the age category of 19-25. Results indicated that participants who accessed their social media accounts more times per day were more likely to engage in social comparison behavior to fashion models and celebrities and peers. In addition, the more participants compared themselves with fashion models and celebrities and peers, the higher their appearance-related attitudes, which lowered their body satisfaction. Age was not a significant factor in predicting time spent on social media, participation in social comparison behavior, or appearance-related attitudes. However, among the sample, younger participants were overall more satisfied with their body than older participants. It was determined that on average, participants checked their social media accounts between 5 and 15 times a day and spent three or less hours daily on social media. These findings have important implications for the fashion and cosmetics industries and AT educators. The results indicate that social media has an impact on young women’s body satisfaction.
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Dionisio, Nicole J. "The Effect of Objectified Images in the Media on the Development of Body Dissatisfaction and Depressive Symptoms in Filipino American Women." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2968.
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Although Filipinos are becoming one of the largest Asian groups in the U.S there is limited research regarding mental health challenges Filipino women experience specifically regarding body satisfaction and self-image. The goal of this explorative qualitative study was to explore the relationship between objectified images of women in the media and the reported levels of body dissatisfaction in a sample of 8 American-born Filipino women and 8 Philippine-born Filipino women. Objectification theory was used to guide this research and levels of sociocultural influences, body satisfaction, and body consciousness were explored through a qualitative research design using statements from the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3, the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, and the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale. Participants were interviewed individually and the data were coded in order to determine patterns and themes. Results revealed that the Philippine-born participants relied more on images in the media than the American-born participants of the study in relation to what is attractive and fashionable. However as a whole, the data found that the majority of the participating women felt comfortable with their bodies and physical appearance. The results of this study could help create greater awareness of the issues that Filipino American women deal with in relation to their bodies and self-image through the development of initiatives to treat Filipino American women who may be suffering from mental health issues due to objectification as culturally Filipinos typically do not seek psychological intervention. If programs could be designed specifically for Filipinos targeting issues with body satisfaction, fewer Filipinos may be affected by poor body-image.
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Rudd, Rachel R. "Examining the Relationship Between Antecedents of Sexuality and Women's Reported Level of Sexual Satisfaction During the First Five Years of Marriage." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/355.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between antecedents of sexuality and the level of sexual satisfaction in females who had been married no more than five years. Past research has examined communication, presence of orgasm, sexual desire, and frequency of sexual activity and various other antecedents of sexual satisfaction. One relationship that was an addition to those already found in the literature was sexual knowledge as an antecedent to sexual satisfaction. Six questions were formulated for the study: 1. How do females perceive their global sexual functioning? 2. How do females perceive their level of sexual satisfaction? 3. How accurately do females answer questions regarding female and male anatomy and physiology, sexual arousal and response, and sexual technique? 4. What is the relationship between the participants mean scores on the subscales of the Global Sexual Functioning (GSF) and their reported level of sexual satisfaction? 5. What is the relationship between the participants mean scores on the subscales of the Sexual Knowledge Inventory (SKI) and their reported level of sexual satisfaction? 6. What is the relationship between the participants mean scores on the subscales of the Sexual Knowledge Inventory (SKI) and their reported level of Global Sexual Functioning (GSF)? The research questions were tested with data from 217 females who completed a survey with questions about sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction and sexual knowledge. Results found that five variables accounted for 43% of the variance to sexual satisfaction namely: "variety of sexual activities," "not experiencing negative emotions," "frequency of sexual activity," "sexual dysfunction," and "the time intercourse lasts." Conclusions and suggestions for future research are presented.
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Castellanos, Patricia. "The romantic relationships of Latina adolescent mothers| Longitudinal effects of relationship satisfaction, social support, and relationship strain." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618906.
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The demands and challenges of early parenthood place adolescent mothers at high risk for developing adjustment difficulties. The current longitudinal study examined the types of relationships that Latina adolescent mothers have with their partners, based on the young mother's level of acculturation and enculturation. The study also examined positive (e.g., partner support, relationship satisfaction) and negative (e.g., relationship strain) aspects of romantic relationships that impact both relationship continuity and the adolescent mothers' psychological adjustment. One hundred and twenty five Latina adolescent mothers (M age=19.49 years; SD=1.34; of primarily Puerto Rican origin) who reported having a partner and their young children participated in this study at T1; one hundred and eight of these mothers returned for a second assessment 6 months later (T2). The majority of participants resided with their partners (70.4%) and approximately 42% of the young mothers were in relatively long-lasting (3 or more years) relationships with their partners. Around 19% of mothers were married, and marriage and co-residence with partner related to higher perceived instrumental support. Mothers' cultural orientation was related to characteristics of these relationships. Less acculturated mothers and mothers who were highly enculturated were more likely to be married and living with partners. The partners of more enculturated mothers were also more likely to be the child's biological father. Roughly 78% of participants who had a partner at T1 and returned for T2 reported the same partner at T2. Although a few demographic and relationship characteristics were related to continuity (e.g., co-residence and relationship with child's father, having Latino partners, and longer relationships), relationship satisfaction was the only unique predictor of continuity. In regard to associations with mother's psychological distress, non-tangible support, satisfaction, and strain at T1 related to distress at T2. However, strain was the only unique predictor of distress; satisfaction had a marginal effect. Importantly, the association between strain and distress was moderated by satisfaction, such that strain predicted more distress at low and medium levels of satisfaction, but not at higher levels of satisfaction. Results are discussed in light of Latino cultural values, developmental issues, and implications for intervention.
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Schultz, Nicole J. "Balancing faculty careers and family work tenure-track women's perceptions of and experiences with work/family issues and their relationships to job satisfaction /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1182799118.
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Rossouw, Elna. "Die fragmentasie in die Suid-Afrikaanse vrouetydskrifmark : die invloed van "vrou-gerigte" nistydskrifte op die "tradisionele algemene belangstelling"-vrouetydskrif : gaan die "tradisionele algemene belangstelling" Suid-Afrikaanse vrouetydskrif die vloedgolf nuwe "vrou-gerigte" nistydskrif oorleef?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17250.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The appearance and content of magazines in the South African consumer market has changed drastically during the past two decades. Where once only a handful of women’s magazines existed from which readers could choose, shelves in shops today are filled to capacity with glossy publications which address every possible need, interest and desire of feminine readers. This diversification in the South African women’s magazine market happened almost overnight and there is no doubt that the advent of the niche market of women-focused magazines has changed the landscape of the South African magazine. The established traditional women’s magazine of broad general interest had to take cognizance meticulously of the worldwide trend and of various economical, political and socio-cultural factors influencing the successful publication of women’s magazines locally. The aim of this study is to see how the advent and growth of niche-market magazines focused exclusively on matters of interest specifically to women such as home, décor, garden, food, health, lifestyle, handcrafts and parenting have affected the world of the “traditional” South African women’s magazine. The researcher endeavours to answer the question as to whether the traditional women’s magazine of general interest can survive the flood of new “women-directed” magazines and has concluded that in order not only to survive, but to maintain necessary profit margins, the traditional general interest women’s magazine is going to have to adapt its contents urgently and continuously to the needs of its readers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die voorkoms en samestelling van tydskrifte in die Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikersmark het radikaal verander gedurende die laaste twee dekades. Waar daar eers net ʼn tiental vrouetydskrifte was waaruit lesers kon kies, is winkelrakke nou tot boordensvol met glanspublikasies wat elke moontlike behoefte of begeerte van vroulike lesers aanspreek. Hierdie fragmentasie in die Suid-Afrikaanse vrouetydskrifmark het byna oornag gebeur en daar is geen twyfel dat die koms van “vrou-gerigte” nistydskrifte die landskap van Suid-Afrikaanse vrouetydskrifte heeltemal verander het nie. Die gevestigde “tradisionele” vrouetydskrif moes noukeurig kennis neem van hierdie wêreldwye tendens en moes verder ook verskeie ekonomiese, politieke en sosio-kulturele faktore wat die suksesvolle publikasie van vrouetydskrifte beïnvloed, in gedagte hou. Die doel van hierdie studie is om te kyk hoe die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van nistydskrifte wat op bepaalde “vrou-gerigte” onderwerpe soos huis, dekor, tuin, kos, gesondheid, leefstyl, handwerk en ouerskap fokus, die wêreld van die “tradisionele” Suid-Afrikaanse vrouetydskrifte geraak het. Die navorser poog om die vraag of die “tradisionele algemene belangstelling”- vrouetydskrif die vloedgolf nuwe “vrou-gerigte” nistydskrifte gaan oorleef, te beantwoord. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die “tradisionele” vrouetydskrif haar inhoud indringend en op ʼn voortdurende basis sal moet aanpas by die behoeftes van haar lesers, nie alleen ter wille van oorlewing nie, maar ten einde noodsaaklike winsmarges te kan handhaaf.
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Weis, Jillian Marie. "Women's attitudes and perceptions about sexual fantasy and how it relates to sexual satisfaction in a committed relationship a project based upon an independent investigation /." Click here for text online. Smith College School for Social Work website, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/1073.
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Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007Typescript. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-47).
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Kamuche, Felix U. (Felix Uche). "University Effectiveness With Respect to Perceived Student Satisfaction: A Comparative Study of Selected Factors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332762/.
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The problem of this study concerned the needs of business students and their perceptions of effectiveness with respect to their satisfaction at two universities. A related purpose was to measure, evaluate, and analyze students' needs and perceptions of the effectiveness of their universities with respect to their level of education.
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West, Shelia F. "Body image and self perception among African American women aged 18-30." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15053.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Apparel, Textiles, and Interior Design
Melody LeHew
The purpose of this study was to explore how African American women think and feel about their bodies. Specifically, this study examined how Black women define beauty by means of variables such as body shape, skin complexion, and hair texture; whether African American women ages 18-30 compared themselves to media images; and if so, did comparison to these media images impact African American women’s body satisfaction. In addition, this study explored if African American women felt pressure to adopt beauty standards attributed to the dominant culture, as well as the role of racial identity in forming beauty standards and social comparison behavior. Twelve African American women were interviewed and findings of this exploratory research illustrated that the Black community has different standards than the traditional beauty standards of the U.S. Even though interviewees articulated standards of beauty for women in the Black community, there was a lack of uniformity in how these women felt about their own attractiveness: some identified with the Black beauty standards, while others did not. In addition, opinions varied regarding Black women’s engagement in social comparison behavior and whether it was related to racial identity or body satisfaction. Limitations of study included: how Black women define social comparison behavior and racial identity, self-identification of participants, and the lack of Caucasian women included in this study. However, this research still provided rich data exploring Black women’s perceptions of beauty among other issues within the Black community. Future research is required to better understand influences shaping standards of beauty within this subculture of the United States and recommendations are provided in the last chapter.
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Koutrou, Niki. "Assessing the determinants and impacts of, and relationships between, sports club and sports event volunteers' behaviour : the case of women's rugby in England." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14511.
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The purpose of this study is to examine if the experiences of volunteers within women s rugby at both rugby clubs and at the 2010 Women s Rugby World Cup (WRWC) in England provide the basis for the continuation of such activities as well as the transfer of volunteer effort to event-based or club-based activity within the specific sports concerned or across sports to contribute towards society s broader sporting needs. Sport volunteering in the UK accounts for 26% of the total formal voluntary activity, and largely takes place within the Voluntary Sport Club (VSC) system (Sport England, 2003). It provides the basis for the development of grassroots sports. Sport volunteering also takes place at sport events which provide the foundation for elite level sport development. It is known, however, that if the volunteering experience is satisfying then this may lead to higher levels of commitment with the sports organization, the event or the voluntary cause, which may affect volunteers longevity and intentions to continue volunteering (Doherty, 2009). Women s rugby was selected as a case study, as the 2010 Women s Rugby World Cup was held in England. This facilitated comparisons between club and event volunteers. With the cooperation of the Rugby Football Union for Women (RFUW), research participants were identified and recruited via an email invitation including a link to an internet-administered questionnaire. A total of 70 individuals that volunteered for the 2010 WRWC and 168 volunteers involved in the women s rugby clubs completed the online survey. The results indicated that overall and despite some variation in the emphasis of the findings there is evidence in support of the relevance of the widely known determinants of volunteering such as motivation to volunteer, socio-demographic characteristics, satisfaction with the volunteering experience, engagement to sport and volunteering at to the continuation of future club or event volunteering as well as its transfer to other rugby and other sport events. Consequently, event organisers should work closely with club authorities to help volunteers to make a better connection from their club to the sport more widely and with the role of clubs and events to support the sport generally, to develop a shared identity in both clubs and events, that is across the whole sporting experience and to increase volunteers development opportunities through deploying their efforts in more than one setting which may then lead to the development of social capital.
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Mechling, Eileen. "Nurse practitioner clinic utilization by elderly women." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144648.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the utilization patterns of elderly women in a nurse managed clinic (NMC). A convenience sample of 20 women, 65 and older, attending an NMC completed an questionnaire and an interview. A pilot study guided the development of the questionnaire. Interrater reliability was performed to enhance the reliability of the pattern categories developed from the interviews. The findings of this research were that elderly women utilized this NMC for: physical assessment and monitoring; health care information; evaluating a physical need; referral; emotional support; socialization; convenience; cost; familiarity/comfort; health care need; and reliability. Satisfaction was the main component of the clients' perception of their visit to the NMC. Conclusions reached were that utilization of this NMC was based mainly on perceptions of health care needs and that cost, convenience, and familiarity influenced clients in choosing this clinic in addition to their primary care provider.
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Abbasian, Saeid. "Integration på egen hand : En studie av invandrade kvinnoföretagare i Sverige." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3786.
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The principal aim of this thesis is to discover and analyse the motives that make immigrant women start their own businesses in Sweden and to investigate whether this is a way to achieve integration in working life. The empirical material consists of two types of interviews. One type consisted of interviews with five experts on labour market issues, and the other of interviews with 16 female entrepreneurs of Iranian, Chilean and Turkish origin having their own business in the Greater Stockholm region. Results from the first set of interviews indicate that female immigrants who independently start their enterprise rely mainly on their own resources of power and abilities. They are either women with class resources such as higher educations, previous work experience, language abilities and economic savings, or young women with certificates from high schools or universities. The social environment where they grew up, the gender structure and gender roles in the family before and after immigration and time of residence in Sweden also influence the extent to which women immigrants can act independently. According to the experience of the experts, the motives for starting their business are either different structural reasons, e.g. unemployment, lack of suitable or well-paying jobs, lay-offs etc, or personal reasons such as having a meaningful occupation, to support the family, to earn money of their own, to be independent from men and strive for a better standard of living etc. Results from the second set of interviews indicate that the most important resource these women have used when establishing their businesses is class resources such as education and adequate training, different types of work experiences, human capital and in addition to this economic savings. For many of the women in this sample different structural reasons, like unemployment, lack of good job opportunities, discrimination on work places, merge with personal reasons such as strivings to achieve independence, being one’s own boss, to realize one’s plans and ambitions, when starting their business. Independent entrepreneurship is a good way for immigrant women to be integrated in working life especially if they start within certain branches. These are branches in which the women have appropriate university education or vocational training, previous work experience or which correspond to their personal interests. In addition immigrant women become more integrated if an education received abroad is treated as equivalent to the parallel Swedish education or degree. A further factor promoting integration is if they can fully exploit their capacities when developing their own businesses. These conditions help them to feel much more satisfaction in working life as women identify themselves with their actual profession and feel that they have found the “right place” for themselves in the society.
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Vest, Cynthia Ann. "Job Satisfaction Among Women Accounting Educators." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279359/.
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A national survey was conducted to investigate job satisfaction among women accounting educators at four-year college and universities in the United States. The purpose of the study was to determine if differences existed among women accounting educators at research, doctoral, master's, and baccalaureate institutions in three areas relating to job satisfaction: levels of job satisfaction, individual sources of job satisfaction, and structural sources of job satisfaction. Also, the relationships among these three areas of job satisfaction were examined.
A stratified random sample of 755 women accounting educators was selected from the population of 1,519 women. A mailed questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 495 (66%) questionnaires were returned. Women accounting educators expressed satisfaction with co-workers, supervision, and work. They were neutral regarding satisfaction with pay and dissatisfied with promotion opportunities.
A difference was detected between satisfaction with pay and type of institution. Differences were found between individual sources of job satisfaction and type of institution. The differences were attributable to education level and the personality characteristics of conscientiousness and openness. Differences were detected between structural sources of job satisfaction and type of institution. Academic rank, salary, tenure, institutional resources, and job functions accounted for the differences.
Significant relationships were found between individual and structural sources of job satisfaction and levels ofjob satisfaction. Satisfaction with co-workers was related to agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, institutional resources, mentoring, and time spent on research. Satisfaction with pay was related to neuroticism, salary, academic rank, and institutional resources. Satisfaction with promotion opportunities was related to agreeableness, salary, tenure, institutional resources, mentoring, networking, other job functions, and type of institution. Satisfaction with supervision was related to personal roles, agreeableness, salary, institutional resources, mentoring, research, and advising students. Satisfaction with work was related to marital status, personal roles, agreeableness, neuroticism, institutional resources, and mentoring.
It was concluded that differences exist among women accounting educators at research, doctorate, master's, and baccalaureate institutions. Also, it was possible to determine relationships between individual and structural sources ofjob satisfaction and levels ofjob satisfaction.