Journal articles on the topic 'Women's rights – great britain'
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1
Koh, Won. "The Rise and Fall of Women’s Football in Britain, 1881-1921." Korea Association of World History and Culture 64 (September 30, 2022): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2022.09.64.231.
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This paper examines the early history of British women’s football from 1881 to 1921. The history of women’s football during this period has not yet been seriously studied by Korean historians. There are many people who do not even know the existence of women's football at the end of the 19th century. Many people believe that the football is traditionally a ‘men’s sport’ and that women have entered the male realm as women’s social activities have recently expanded. However, women’s football has a history as long as men’s football. Women’s football first appeared in Britain at the end of the 19th century, the dawn of modern football as we know it now, and developed with great popularity until the early 20th century. The early history of women’s football has significance not only for the history of sports but also for women. It is the women’s own efforts to change traditional perceptions of women and to improve the unfair situation that were the main driving force behind the development of women’s football in the 19th century. These efforts appeared even before the emergence of women’s own political struggles which claim to improve women’s social status and rights. A Study on the early history of women’s football will be of help in understanding the process of women forming themselves as modern subjects.(Kyung Hee University)
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Motruk, Siuzanna. "The impact of the Great War (1914-1918) on women`s suffrage in Great Britain." Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 40 (July 3, 2023): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2023-40.86-99.
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The purpose of the article is to investigate how the First World War aff ected women’s suff rage in Great Britain, to analyze what place was given to women in the political plane during the Great War. Compare the infl uence of women “before” and “aft er” the war, what specifi c changes took place. The methodological basis of the research is based on the princi- ples of objectivity and historicism. During the research, comparative, analytical methods and the method of gender monitoring have been used during the research. Th e scientifi c novelty is based on the involvement of sources and historiography related to the participation of women in the struggle for obtaining voting rights in Great Britain during the Great War, the need to supplement modern Ukrainian research on this issue, to expand the knowledge base, is also im- portant. Conclusions. Th is issue is revealed with the help of documentary materials (memoirs, periodicals). On the examp le of specifi c female images of leading fi gures (in particular, Emmeline Pankhurst, Christabel Pankhurst, Nancy Astor and others), the features of the suff ragist move- ment, which operated in Great Britain before the beginning of the Great War and during it, are analyzed. Th e research used materials from newspaper periodicals from the time of the First World War, the original documents were translated in order to make the research accessible to Ukrainian historical science. The author investigated the participation of women in the political sphere and represented this process on a modern level. Th e methods of women’s struggle for suf- frage are revealed and the reactionary actions of British politics towards feminism are presented. The article analyzes the «Act on People’s Representation» issued in 1918, which granted women limited voting rights. Th e purpose of the article is to explore how the First World War af- fected women’s suff rage in Great Britain. British women were the fi rst to rise in the fi ght for suf- frage among European women. Their activism inspired other women to struggle as they sought to change their situation. Th e study of women’s history is one of the leading and important prob- lems in European historical studies, therefore, in the future, with the involvement of European and international experience and studying the practices of Western European gender studies, which studies will be relevant and widespread in Ukraine as well. Ensuring equality in Ukraine is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Th erefore, the progressive experience of British women in the struggle for voting rights can be very useful.
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Tyrrell, Alex. "Samuel Smiles and the Woman Question in Early Victorian Britain." Journal of British Studies 39, no. 2 (April 2000): 185–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386216.
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When Samuel Smiles (1812–1904) looked back over his career from the vantage point of old age he saw himself as one who had labored for “the emancipation and intellectual improvement of women.” His self-description will surprise those who know him, either through his famous book, Self-Help (1859), where women make fleeting appearances as maternal influences on the achievements of great men, or through the attempts that have been made during the Thatcher years to offer him as an exemplar of a highly selective code of “Victorian Values.” Nonetheless, there is much to be said for Smiles's interpretation: not only was he a prolific author on the condition of women, but his writings on this subject from the late 1830s to the early 1850s were radical in tone and content.By directing attention to these writings, this article makes three points about early Victorian gender relations, radicalism, and Smiles's own career. First, it challenges the lingering notion that this was a time when patriarchal values stifled debate on gender issues. For some historians who write about the women's movement, the early Victorian era has the status of something like a dark age in the history of the agitation for women's rights; this period is overshadowed on the one side by the great debates initiated by Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) and on the other by the new feminist movements that developed after the 1850s. Barbara Caine, for example, has written recently that the exclusion of women from the public sphere was “absolute” in the mid-century years; few women had the financial resources necessary to set up a major journal even if they had been bold enough to do so, and the sort of man who wrote sympathetically about women was concerned primarily with his own needs.
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Kuprieva, Irina A., Elizaveta M. Brykova, Stanislava B. Smirnova, and Olga I. Agafonova. "IMAGE OF MUSLIM WOMEN REPRESENTED BY MEANS OF MODERN ENGLISH." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (July 4, 2019): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.748.
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to show the image of Muslim women and to identify their position at the language level.
Methodology: In this research, the following materials were used for conceptual and semantic analysis: scientific articles including Scopus and WOS bases, the Quran, scientific research findings, dictionaries, etc. Conceptual analysis included several approaches: logical, psycholinguistic and philosophical approaches. Also, descriptive, comparative-historical, and structural analysis were used.
Main Findings: As a result, a new woman has another new image in all aspects of life and at the language level as well. In conclusion, there has been a change in the generally accepted view of the place of women, one of the reasons for this phenomenon has been the resettlement of migrants from the countries of the Middle East to English-speaking countries, in particular to Great Britain.
Applications: This research can be used by women's rights organizations, Muslim women's organizations as well as human rights organizations.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, Muslim women representation reflection and influence on modern English language has been studied.
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Vershinina, D. B. "THE 2019 ELECTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF EVOLUTION OF THE WOMEN's AGENDA IN BRITISH POLITICAL PARTIES." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2023): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2023-7-1-103-111.
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The article attempts to determine the role of the women's agenda in the activities of political parties and the place of women in the parliamentary factions of the leading parties of Great Britain. Based on the analysis of the policies of Labour, Conservatives and Liberal Democrats to the problem of women's promotion in politics, the role of gender quotas as a tool for attracting the female electorate is analyzed. The 2019 General Elections and the tasks political parties were faced with in terms of women's agenda are described in the broad historical context of the evolution of women's politics of the Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democratic parties in the late 20th – early 21st centuries. The author analyzes the election manifestos of the parties in the 2019 elections and concludes about the differences in the approaches to solving women's problems by the right and left parties. In addition, the author reveals the relationship between the women's agenda in the manifestos, the participation of women in the parliamentary factions of parties and women's voting in General Elections.
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Hodson, Jane. "Women write the rights of woman: the sexual politics of the personal pronoun in the 1790s." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 16, no. 3 (August 2007): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947007079113.
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This article investigates patterns of personal pronoun usage in four texts written by women about women's rights during the 1790s: Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), Mary Hays' An Appeal to the Men of Great Britain (1798), Mary Robinson's Letter to the Women of England (1799) and Mary Anne Radcliffe's The Female Advocate (1799). I begin by showing that at the time these texts were written there was a widespread assumption that both writers and readers of political pamphlets were, by default, male. As such, I argue, writing to women as a woman was distinctly problematic, not least because these default assumptions meant that even apparently gender-neutral pronouns such as I, we and you were in fact covertly gendered. I use the textual analysis programme WordSmith to identify the personal pronouns in my four texts, and discuss my results both quantitatively and qualitatively. I find that while one of my texts does little to disturb gender expectations through its deployment of personal pronouns, the other three all use personal pronouns that disrupt eighteenth century expectations about default male authorship and readership.
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Shaver, Sheila. "Abortion Politics, Women's Movements and the Democratic State: A Comparative Study of State Feminism. Edited by Dorothy McBride Stetson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. 380p. $72.00 cloth, $24.95 paper." American Political Science Review 96, no. 4 (December 2002): 869–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402920460.
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This book deals with the politics of abortion and abortion law reform as they have developed in 11 countries of Western Europe and North America during the period of the women's movement's second wave. The stories that are told vary a good deal, even among countries apparently similar in religious composition, political tradition, and legal culture. They include the early and comparatively uncontroversial move to allow abortion on grounds of the mother's physical or mental health in Great Britain, more radical reform in the Netherlands making early abortion available on demand, and the continuing division in Ireland where judicial affirmation of a woman's right to travel outside the country must be counted a win. It is an interesting and worthwhile book for this alone.
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Grayzel, Susan R. "Fighting for Their Rights: A Comparative Perspective on Twentieth-Century Women's Movements in Australia, Great Britian, and the United States." Journal of Women's History 11, no. 1 (1999): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2003.0096.
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Geddes, Jennian F. "Louisa Garrett Anderson (1873–1943), surgeon and suffragette." Journal of Medical Biography 16, no. 4 (November 2008): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jmb.2007.007048.
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Louisa Garrett Anderson, daughter of Britain's first woman doctor, has been largely forgotten today despite the fact that her contribution to the women's movement was as great as that of her mother. Recognized by her contemporaries as an important figure in the suffrage campaign, Anderson chose to lend her support through high-profile action, being one of the few women doctors in her generation who risked their professional as well as their personal reputation in the fight for women's rights by becoming a suffragette – in her case, even going so far as to spend a month in prison for breaking a window on a demonstration. On the outbreak of war, with only the clinical experience she had gained as outpatient surgeon in a women's hospital, Anderson established a series of women-run military hospitals where she was a Chief Surgeon. The most successful was the Endell Street Military Hospital in London, funded by the Royal Army Medical Corps and the only army hospital ever to be run and staffed entirely by women. Believing that a doctor had an obligation to take a lead in public affairs, Anderson continued campaigning for women's issues in the unlikely setting of Endell Street, ensuring that their activities remained in the public eye through constant press coverage. Anderson's achievement was that her work played no small part in expunging the stigma of the militant years in the eyes of the public and – more importantly – was largely instrumental in putting women doctors on equal terms with their male colleagues.
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Popovic-Filipovic, Slavica. "Elsie Inglis (1864-1917) and the Scottish women’s hospitals in Serbia in the Great War. Part 1." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, no. 3-4 (2018): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh170704167p.
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The news about the great victories of the Gallant Little Serbia in the Great War spread far and wide. Following on the appeals from the Serbian legations and the Serbian Red Cross, assistance was arriving from all over the world. First medical missions and medical and other help arrived from Russia. It was followed by the medical missions from Great Britain, France, Greece, The Netherlands, Denmark, Switzerland, America, etc. Material help and individual volunteers arrived from Poland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Norway, India, Japan, Egypt, South America, and elsewhere. The true friends of Serbia formed various funds under the auspices of the Red Cross Society, and other associations. In September 1914, the Serbian Relief Fund was established in London, while in Scotland the first units of the Scottish Women?s Hospitals for Foreign Service were formed in November of the same year. The aim of this work was to keep the memory of the Scottish Women?s Hospitals in Serbia, and with the Serbs in the Great War. In the history of the Serbian nation during the Great War a special place was held by the Scottish Women?s Hospitals - a unique humanitarian medical mission. It was the initiative of Dr. Elsie Maud Inglis (1864-1917), a physician, surgeon, promoter of equal rights for women, and with the support of the Scottish Federation of Woman?s Suffrage Societies. The SWH Hospitals, which were completely staffed by women, by their participation in the Great War, also contributed to gender and professional equality, especially in medicine. Many of today?s achievements came about thanks to the first generations of women doctors, who fought for equality in choosing to study medicine, and working in the medical field, in time of war and peacetime.
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Popovic-Filipovic, Slavica. "Elsie Inglis (1864-1917) and the Scottish women’s hospitals in Serbia in the Great War. Part 2." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, no. 5-6 (2018): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh170704168p.
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The news about the great victories of the Gallant Little Serbia in the Great War spread far and wide. Following on the appeals from the Serbian legations and the Serbian Red Cross, assistance was arriving from all over the world. First medical missions and medical and other help arrived from Russia. It was followed by the medical missions from Great Britain, France, Greece, the Netherlands, Denmark, Switzerland, America, etc. Material help and individual volunteers arrived from Poland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Norway, India, Japan, Egypt, South America, and elsewhere. The true friends of Serbia formed various funds under the auspices of the Red Cross Society, and other associations. In September 1914, the Serbian Relief Fund was established in London, while in Scotland the first units of the Scottish Women?s Hospitals for Foreign Service were formed in November of the same year. The aim of this work was to keep the memory of the Scottish Women?s Hospitals in Serbia and with the Serbs in the Great War. In the history of the Serbian nation during the Great War, a special place was held by the Scottish Women?s Hospitals ? a unique humanitarian medical mission. It was the initiative of Dr. Elsie Maud Inglis (1864?1917), a physician, surgeon, promoter of equal rights for women, and with the support of the Scottish Federation of Woman?s Suffrage Societies. The Scottish Women?s Hospitals, which were completely staffed by women, by their participation in the Great War, also contributed to gender and professional equality, especially in medicine. Many of today?s achievements came about thanks to the first generations of women doctors, who fought for equality in choosing to study medicine, and working in the medical field, in time of war and peacetime.
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Sidorova, Tamara A. "The Women-Historians in F.W. Maitland’s Scientific School: Mary Bateson." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 1 (209) (March 30, 2021): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2021-1-78-88.
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Women-historians make up a small part of the scientific school of the outstanding British historian and lawyer F.W. Maitland (1850-1906). The gender profile of F.W. Maitland’s school was not the subject of special study. The women’s coming in the historical science of Great Britain in 1880-1890s was the result of a broad suffragist movement, granting women equal rights with men in higher education in national universities. The formation of “female” medieval studies was influenced by F.W. Maitland as a scholar and a professor of Cambridge University - his methodological approach, relevance with archival records as the main base of the historical studies, his fruitful publishing activities. Three prominent women-medievalists - Mary Bateson (1850-1906), Helen Maud Cam (1885-1968) and Bertha Haven Putnam (1872-1960), specialized in different spheres of the English medieval history, but in line with the teacher’s methodology, represented F.W. Maitland’s scientific school the most clearly. The scientific activity of Mary Bateson, a recognized and direct student of F.W. Maitland, one of the most famous British scientists in the field of medieval studies, is being investigated.
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Ashrafli, Nazifa. "The gender problem in the 19th century summary." Scientific Bulletin 1, no. 1 (2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/porv2035.
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This article addresses the gender issue of the 19th century. XIX century in England. This century is generally considered Victorian, although this is not quite the correct idea. The Victorian era refers to the period from 1837 to 1901, when Great Britain was ruled by Queen Victoria. So Queen Victoria began her reign only in 1837. In the Victorian era (1837-1901), it was the novel that became the leading literary genre in English. Women played an important role in this growth in the popularity of both authors and readers. Circulating libraries that allowed books to be borrowed for annual subscriptions were another factor in the novel's popularity. The 1830s and 1840s saw the rise of the social novel. It was a lot of things response to rapid industrialization, as well as social, political, and economic challenges associated with it and was a means of commenting on the abuses of government and industry and the suffering of the poor who did not profit from the English economy. Stories about the working-class poor were aimed at the middle class to help create sympathy and foster change. The greatness of the novelists of this period is not only in their veracity description of modern life, but also in their deep humanism. They believed in the good qualities of the human heart and expressed their hopes for a better future. At the end of the eighteenth century, two young poets, W. Wordsworth and S. Coleridge, published a volume of poems called "Lyric ballads". From this moment began the period of romanticism in England, although it did not last long, only three decades, but it was truly bright and memorable for English literature. It was this time that gave us many great novels. Even in the Middle ages, clear and distinct gender boundaries were drawn and stereotypes of gender behavior were defined. Everyone was assigned their own specific roles and their violation caused public hatred. A Victorian married woman was her husband's "chattel"; she had no right property and personal wealth; legal recourse in any question, if it was not confirmed by her husband. Socio-economic changes in the middle of the XIX century lead to changes in the status of women middle and lower strata: gaining material independence and sustainable development socio-economic status, women acquire a social status equal to that of men. Women are beginning to fight against double standards in relation to the sexes, for reforms in the field of property rights, divorce, for ability to work. The next step was to raise the issue of women's voting rights as a means to ensure legislative reform. Women they sought independence from men.
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Davis, Tracy C. "Actresses and Prostitutes in Victorian London." Theatre Research International 13, no. 3 (1988): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300005794.
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Despite the tendency for Victorian performers to be credited with increasing respectability and middle-class status and for actors to receive the highest official commendations, the popular association between actresses and prostitutes and belief in actresses' inappropriate sexual conduct endured throughout the nineteenth century. In the United States, religious fundamentalism accounts for much of the prejudice, but in Great Britain, where puritanical influences were not as influential on the theatre, other factors helped to preserve the derogatory view of actresses. In certain times and places actresses did have real links with the oldest of all ‘women's professions’, but the notion that the dual identity of Roman dancers or the exploits of some Restoration performers justify the popular association between actresses and prostitutes in the Victorian era is patently insufficient. The notion persisted throughout the nineteenth century because Victorians recognized that acting and whoring were the occupations of self-sufficient women who plied their trades in public places, and because Victorians believed that actresses' male colleagues and patrons inevitably complicated transient lifestyles, economic insecurity, and night hours with sexual activity. In the spirit of Gilbert and Gubar's axiom that experience generates metaphor and metaphor creates experience, the actress and the prostitute were both objects of desire whose company was purchased through commercial exchange. While patrons bought the right to see them, to project their fantasies on them, and to denigrate and misrepresent their sexuality, both groups of women found it necessary constantly to sue for men's attention and tolerate the false imagery. Their similarities were reinforced by coexistence in neighbourhoods and work places where they excited and placated the playgoer's lust in an eternal loop, twisted like a Mobius strip into the appearance of a single surface.
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Poole, Anna. "Human Rights in Great Britain." Judicial Review 21, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10854681.2016.1219095.
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Coroban, Costel. "Conflicting attitudes to the war in Europe in women’s diaries from the Great War." Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 12, no. 1 (August 15, 2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v12i1_4.
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This paper discusses the change in women’s mentality towards the concept of war and their own role in it according to autobiographical sources such as was journals, diaries, letters or autobiographical novels authored by women who were present at the front during the Great War. The primary sources quoted in this analysis include letters and diaries from nurses who worked in Dr. Elsie Inglis’s Scottish Women’s Hospitals unit as well as the “testament” of Vera Mary Brittain, famous English Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse and writer and women’s rights activist. Among the secondary sources employed in the analysis are the seminal works of Christine E. Hallett, Maxine Alterio, Santanu Das, Eric J. Leed and Claire M. Tylee. Before arriving at a conclusion, the paper highlights important changes in women’s discourse towards the war as well as the way in which such changes were supported by the novel situation in which women found themselves, namely as active participants at the front, and their aspirations towards equal rights and equal treatment.
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Rose, Sonya O. "Women's Rights, Women's Obligations: Contradictions of Citizenship in World War II Britain." European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 7, no. 2 (August 2000): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713666747.
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Muhammad Aqeel Khan and Muhammad Zubair. "Women's Rights in Pakistan." sjesr 3, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(34-41).
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The critically discusses the women’s rights in Pakistan. For this purpose, it explores the Patriarchal nature of the society and the historical background of women’s rights in Pakistan. Before it does so, the paper also throws light on the status of women in Islam and enumerates the important rights the woman holds in Islamic law because of Islam’s great influence in the state of Pakistan.
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TAYLOR, BARBARA. "Feminists Versus Gallants: Manners and Morals in Enlightenment Britain." Representations 87, no. 1 (2004): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2004.87.1.125.
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ABSTRACT Mary Wollstonecraft is usually portrayed as an Enlightenment thinker. But in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) she denounced ““modern philosophers”” for purveying prejudicial images of women masked in a rhetoric of sexual compliment. This essay explores the relationship between Enlightenment attitudes to women and feminism in Britain, showing the gap that opened up between mainstream enlightened opinion (““modern gallantry””) and women's-rights egalitarianismin the 1790s.
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Juss, S. S. "Freedom of Conscience Rights: Lessons for Great Britain." Journal of Church and State 39, no. 4 (September 1, 1997): 749–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/39.4.749.
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Horrell, Sara. "Living Standards in Britain 1900-2000: Women's Century?" National Institute Economic Review 172 (April 2000): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795010017200107.
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Two composite measures are calculated to map improvements in living standards over the 20th century: the Dasgupta–Weale index and the Human Development Index. A gendered version of the latter is also considered. Indicators of income, leisure, inequality, wealth, health, education and political rights are included. The indices reveal a century of progress. But progress has been neither continuous nor uniformly shared. Downturns are evident in some of the indicators since 1980, demonstrating that the gains are not immutable and need to be protected. Women‘s position has improved if the end of the century is compared to its beginning, but there has been little change in women's position relative to men's over the last few decades on the dimensions considered here.
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Osipkina, Nadezhda Petrovna. "The problem of immigrants in multicultural Great Britain." Voprosy kul'turologii (Issues of Cultural Studies), no. 7 (June 5, 2012): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-01-1207-10.
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The article is devoted to the problems of immigrants in multicultural Great Britain. Individuality and culture are dynamically linked to place, landscape and localization. Each such locality has its own immigration history, which affects living standards, education, and political views. The article shows that the term "multiculturalism" has been divided into the concepts of "common rights" and "minority rights".
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De, Rohit. "Mumtaz Bibi's broken heart." Indian Economic & Social History Review 46, no. 1 (January 2009): 105–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946460804600106.
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This article investigates the formation of a political consensus between conservative ulama, Muslim reformers, nationalist politicians and women's organisations, which led to the enactment of the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act in 1939. The Act was a radical piece of social legislation that gave South Asian Muslim women greater rights for divorce than those enjoyed by other women in India and Britain. Instead of placing women's rights and Islamic law as opposed to each other, the legislation employed a heuristic that guaranteed women's rights by applying Islamic law, allowing Muslim politicians, ulama and women's groups to find common ground on an Islamic modernity. By interrogating the legislative process and the rhetorical positions employed to achieve this consensus, the paper hopes to map how the women's question was being negotiated anew in the space created in the legislatures. The legislative debate over family law redefined the boundaries of the public and the private, and forced nationalists to reconsider the ‘women's question’. The transformation of Islamic law through secular legislation also gave greater licence to the courts in their interpretation, and widened the schism between traditional practitioners of fiqh and modern lawyers.
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Novita Alfiani and Nesita Anggraini. "The theory and practise of legal feminism: examining its impact on the representation of women in Indonesia." Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice 1, no. 1 (November 27, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.62264/jlej.v1i1.3.
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This paper examines Indonesian legal feminist theory on public sector women representation. Data is collected and analyzed by observation in this sociological legal research. According to the findings, gender inequality underpins a variety of attitudes and activities that promote equal rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton's feminism was founded on the conflict. The pursuit of rights requires active lobbying, which has sparked social change, mostly through new laws passed by governments. Feminist legal consciousness shapes legislation. However, legal culture appears to affect activists' different methods of communicating their goals. As pre-18th-century nations, Britain and America have faced political turbulence caused by feminists campaigning for women's suffrage. The UK addressed the matter by legislation, while the US changed the constitution. Contrary to Indonesia, where women's political rights were recognized later, equality was achieved by affirmative action laws to increase women's political representation. However, following socioeconomic shift also limited affirmative action implementation, hindering democratic progress.
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Evans, Mary. "Learning to love it: On teaching women's studies in Great Britain." Women's Studies International Forum 9, no. 2 (January 1986): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(86)90022-1.
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Natiq qızı Bağırova, Zeynəb. "Women's rights as part of human rights." ANCIENT LAND 14, no. 8 (August 26, 2022): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2706-6185/14/52-55.
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İnsan hüquqları dedikdə, dinindən, dilindən, irqindən, cinsindən və etnik mənsubiyyətindən asılı olmayaraq, dünyadakı bütün insanların sadəcə insan olduqları üçün istifadə etdikləri hüquq və azadlıqlar başa düşülür. İnsan hüquqlarının bir hissəsi olaraq qadın hüquqları uğrunda mübarizə 1789-cu il Fransa İnqilabından sonra başladı. Tarixdə ilk dəfə olaraq qadınlar 1791-ci ildə öz Qadın və Mülki Hüquqları Bəyannaməsini nəşr etdilər. Oktyabrın 24-də BMT Nizamnaməsinin qəbulu ilə 1945-ci ildə müasir insan hüquqları rəsmiləşdi. Xüsusən də Nizamnamənin preambulasında insan hüquqlarının müdafiəsinin Birləşmiş Millətlər Təşkilatının əsas məqsədlərindən biri olduğu bildirilir və eyni zamanda kişi və qadınların bərabərliyi məsələsinə toxunulur. Dünyanın bir çox yerində qadın hüquqlarının əhəmiyyət kəsb etmədiyi bir vaxtda qadın hüquqlarına bu cür yanaşma çox vacib hesab olunurdu. 1945-ci ildə Birləşmiş Millətlər Təşkilatının yaradılmasından sonra qadın bərabərliyini təmin edən daxili orqanın yaradılması əsas məsələlərdən biri oldu. Buna görə də 1946-cı ildə BMT-nin tərkibində İnsan Hüquqları Komissiyası və Qadının Statusu üzrə Komissiya yaradıldı. Daha sonra 1979-cu ildə o dövr üçün böyük əhəmiyyət kəsb edən və müstəsna olaraq qadın hüquqlarının müdafiəsi ilə bağlı olan Qadınlara qarşı ayrı-seçkiliyin bütün formalarının ləğv edilməsi haqqında Konvensiya (CEDAW) qəbul edildi. CEDAW Konvensiyasını digər beynəlxalq sənədlərdən fərqləndirən əsas xüsusiyyət ondan ibarət idi ki, digər sənədlərdə ümumilikdə bütün insanlara təminat verilən mülki, siyasi, iqtisadi, sosial və mədəni hüquqların hər biri qadınlar üçün nəzərdə tutulmuşdur. Bəyannamənin iştirakçısı olan dövlətlər qadınları bu cür zorakılıq hərəkətlərindən qorumağa və zorakılığa məruz qalmış qadınlara belə zorakılığın qarşısını almaq üçün lazımi şərait yaratmağa borcludurlar. Ailə münasibətləri də daxil olmaqla, zorakılığın bütün formalarından uzaq yaşamaq hər bir qadının və qızın əsas insan hüququdur. Açar sözlər: İnsan hüquqları, Qadın hüquqları, CEDAW bəyannaməsi, Gender bərabərliyi, BMT Zeynab Natig Baghirova Women's rights as part of human rights Abstract Human rights mean the rights and freedoms that all people in the world, regardless of religion, language, race, gender or ethnicity, enjoy simply because they are human. As part of human rights, the struggle for women's rights began after the French Revolution of 1789. For the first time in history, women published their own Declaration of Women's and Civil Rights in 1791. With the adoption of the UN Charter on October 24, 1945, modern human rights became official. In particular, the preamble to the Charter states that the protection of human rights is one of the main goals of the United Nations, and also addresses the issue of equality between men and women. In many parts of the world, this approach to women's rights was considered very important at a time when women's rights were not important. After the establishment of the United Nations in 1945, one of the key issues was the establishment of an internal body to ensure women's equality. Therefore, in 1946, the Commission on Human Rights and the Commission on the Status of Women were established within the UN. Then, in 1979, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was adopted, which was of great importance for that period and dealt exclusively with the protection of women's rights. The main feature that distinguished the CEDAW Convention from other international documents was that in other documents, each of the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights guaranteed to all people in general was intended for women. The States Parties to the Declaration are obliged to protect women from such acts of violence and to provide the necessary conditions for women who have been subjected to such violence to avoid such violence. Living away from all forms of violence, including family relationships, is a fundamental human right of every woman and girl. Keywords: Human rights, Women rights, CEDAW convention, Gender equality, UN
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Purvis, June. "The Women's Party of Great Britain (1917–1919): a forgotten episode in British women's political history." Women's History Review 25, no. 4 (March 21, 2016): 638–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2015.1114328.
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Ustyuzhaninova, Ekaterina A. "Mediation in Public Law of Great Britain." Administrative law and procedure 6 (June 17, 2021): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2021-6-64-67.
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Mediation as one of alternative dispute resolution means has been successfully applied in the civil relationship sphere in Great Britain for a long time, for example, in cases on protection of consumer rights or cases involving commercial activities. Mediation is not an obligatory condition for addressing a court, refusal from mediation may lead to negative consequences for the parties in the legal expense distribution. Courts are constantly emphasizing their interest in early settlement of disputes including public law ones that are reviewed in the judicial review procedure: the jurisdiction specifically designed for the verification of legality of actions and judgments of the public government.
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Atanasov, Pavlin S. "ABOLITIONISM - THE FIRST POPULAR CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN GREAT BRITAIN." Voprosy vseobshchei istorii, no. 22 (2019): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26170/vvi19-01-05.
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Leshchenko, O. V. "On the legal regulation of human rights in Great Britain." Legal Novels, no. 15 (2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32847/ln.2021.15.18.
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Clements, B., and C. D. Field. "Public Opinion toward Homosexuality and Gay Rights in Great Britain." Public Opinion Quarterly 78, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 523–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfu018.
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Shepard, Alexandra, and Tim Stretton. "Women Negotiating the Boundaries of Justice in Britain, 1300–1700: An Introduction." Journal of British Studies 58, no. 4 (October 2019): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.84.
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AbstractThis introduction places the articles featured in this special issue of the Journal of British Studies within the context of recent scholarship on late medieval and early modern women and the law. It is designed to highlight the many boundaries that structured women's legal agency in Britain, including the procedural boundaries that filtered their voices through male advisers and officials, the jurisdictional boundaries that shaped litigation strategies, the constraints surrounding women's appearance as witnesses in court, the gendered differentiation of rights determined by primogeniture and marital property law, and the boundaries between legal and extralegal activity. Emphasizing the importance of a nuanced approach, it rejects the construction of women's litigation simply as a form of resistance to patriarchal norms and also urges caution against overestimating or oversimplifying the choices available to women in legal disputes or their latitude to operate as autonomous individuals. Gender intersected in British courts with locality, resources, jurisdiction, social status, and familial, religious, and political affiliations to inform different women's access to justice, which involved negotiations between unequal actors within various constraints and in complex alignment with multiple and often competing interests.
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King, Mary C. "Black Women's Labor Market Status: Occupational Segregation in the United States and Great Britain." Review of Black Political Economy 24, no. 1 (June 1995): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02911826.
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An initial exploration of the comparative labor market situation of black women in the United States and Great Britain reveals that race and gender play similar roles in allocating people among broad occupations in both nations despite differences in historical circumstances. However, a closer examination based upon measures of occupational segregation shows that labor market dynamics are quite different. Public employment and education do not reduce racial segregation in Britain as they do in the United States, and the immigrant status of many black Britons does not explain these differences. Only youth is associated with reduced segregation in both countries.
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Browne, Katherine, and Catherine J. Nash. "Resisting LGBT Rights Where “We Have Won”: Canada and Great Britain." Journal of Human Rights 13, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2014.923754.
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Ivanov, DMITRY V., and VALERIA V. Pchelintseva. "INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF THE POST-BREXIT MIGRATION POLICY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM." Journal of Law and Administration 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2022-4-65-34-46.
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Introduction. In March 2022, the Home Office of the United Kingdom of Great Britain published the Statement on New Immigration Plan according to which persons having no right to reside on its territory would be removed to “safe third countries” according to the agreements with such states. On April 13th, 2022, a Memorandum of Understanding between Great Britain and Rwanda was signed prescribing that persons whose applications for asylum were not considered by Great Britain be removed to Rwanda for those applications to be considered by the latter. Incompatibility of the contemporary immigration policy of Great Britain with its international law obligations justifies the topicality of the assessment of its implications for codification and progressive development of international law. Materials and Methods. The assessment of the contemporary immigration policy of Great Britain from the standpoint of international law includes the matching of the provisions of the international and national acts adopted by Great Britain as well as official statements of its state bodies and officials and the provisions of universal treaties and “soft law” acts. The writings of the publicists studying international law aspects of forced migration, asylum and human rights served as theoretical framework of the present study. Research Results. The assessment of the Memorandum of Understanding reveals the incompatibility of its provisions with the international law norms on asylum and human rights. Such international law policy of the state should be regarded as an example of rejection of international law which is referred to as “international law nihilism” in Russian legal doctrine.Discussions and conclusions. The authors argue that further adoption of legal and political measures contrary to states’ obligations under treaties and international custom as well as the absence of expressed official positions of states with regards to such measures may have an impact on construction and application of international law norms governing legal status of forced migrants.
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Koizumi, Kyoko. "Creative Music Education in Japan during the 1920's: The Case of the Elementary School Attached to Nara Women's Higher Teachers College." British Journal of Music Education 11, no. 2 (July 1994): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051700001030.
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‘Creative music-making’, as developed in recent years in Great Britain and other countries, has also become popular in Japanese music education; for many music teachers have come to think seriously about the significance of child-centred music education instead of teacher-centred music education. Such a trend seems to be new. However, as in the United States and Great Britain, child-centred music education has been implemented previously – during the 1920's, in Japan's case. This development began in the Elementary School Attached to Nara Women's Higher Teachers College. The author describes the ideas and practices of creative music education in this school, and its historical background, comparing them with creative music-making today.
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Semyakina, A. V. "Property Rights to Land Plots in the Russian Federation and Great Britain: Dogmatic Approach against Pragmatism." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.128.7.179-191.
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Comparison of the phenomenon of property rights in two unrelated legal systems is an interesting task from the point of view of methodology. A simplifying factor is that English law in its origins was strongly influenced by Roman law, but developed apart from continental legal systems. As a result, using the same terminology in the field of property rights in the Russian Federation and Great Britain, different views have been formed on the nature of property rights to land plots. The paper analyzes the legal structures of real law in both countries and achieves the goal of clarifying the content of controversial terms and classifications existing in the real law of the Russian Federation; taking into account foreign experience the author determines the prospects for the development of domestic concepts of real and absolute rights. The admissibility of comparing property rights to land plots is predetermined by the use of similar legal techniques in both countries, as well as terminology borrowed from Roman law. The paper substantiates the thesis on the admissibility of using the analytical concept of law of W. N. Hochfeld as a comparative legal method of research. Fundamental differences in both legal systems will be in the idea of the object of property rights to land plots, the place of property rights in the classification of rights, in the structure and content of the corresponding legal relationship. Taking into account the analysis of the legal regulation of property rights to land plots in the two countries, theoretical provisions substantiate the conclusion about the need to preserve the idea of the absolute nature of property rights in domestic law.
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Corby, Susan, and Ryuichi Yamakawa. "Judicial regimes for employment rights disputes: comparing Germany, Great Britain and Japan." Industrial Relations Journal 51, no. 5 (September 2020): 374–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irj.12307.
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Chen, Ruomin. "Study on the Tortuous Development of Women’s Higher Education in the United States." International Journal of Education and Humanities 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/pds09a64.
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The development of women's higher education in the United States has gone through nearly two centuries since the 19th century. Social history, religion, politics, economy, and other factors are all influencing the development of higher education for women in the United States. Exploring the development and essence of higher education for women in the United States is of great significance for achieving social equity and safeguarding women's rights.
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Khojabekov, Muftulla. ""EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES"." Tsul legal report 2, no. 1 (July 16, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.lr.1.1./qvsy6279.
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This article examines the rights and privileges provided by national legislation for persons with disabilities in employment. A comparative analysis was carried out with the legislation of foreign countries, such as the USA, Russia, Great Britain, Germany and France. The sharp points encountered in practice are touched upon. The results of the analyzes carried out were reflected in the proposal.
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Johnson, Eliza. "The “Revolutionary Girl with the Titus-Head”: Women's Participation in the 1919 Revolutions in Budapest and Munich in the Eyes of their Contemporaries." Nationalities Papers 28, no. 3 (September 2000): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713687483.
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The First World War represents a watershed in European women's history. The process of female integration into the industrial economy was both speeded up and given official endorsement as the massive mobilization of soldiers created great manpower shortages. The war seemed to accelerate and legitimate the process of female political integration as well, as most postwar European governments met the basic aims of the women's suffrage movement. Despite these advances, the First World War and the interwar years comprised an era which was fraught with conflicts over women's roles, rights, and responsibilities.
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SAVINOVA, E. A. "Differentiation of the conditions for serving a sentence of imprisonment in the penal legislation of Russia and Great Britain." Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System 225, no. 2 (2021): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2021-225-2-38-45.
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Abstract. The article examines the main provisions of the penal legislation of Russia and Great Britain regarding the legal status of convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment. In particular, differences are noted in the scope of rights and legitimate interests, the implementation of which is permissible during the period of punishment. The basic norms of the criminal-executive legislation of Russia and Great Britain, which regulate the conditions of imprisonment, are the object of comparative legal analysis in this case. Key words: conditions of serving a sentence, imprisonment, penitentiary system, penal system.
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Cojocaru, Gheorghe. "Great Britain and the Paris treaty of Bessarabia of October 28, 1922. 100 years after the ratification." Revista de istorie a Moldovei, no. 1-2(129-130) (November 2022): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.58187/rim.129-130.05.
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This article analyzes the position of Great Britain towards the union of Bessarabia with the mother country, Romania, at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919-1920. It is emphasized that English diplomacy firmly supported Romania’s rights over its province between the Prut and Dniester, also formulating certain conditionalities that the Romanian government had to take into account. England had a primary role in the drafting and signing of the Paris Treaty of Bessarabia on October 28, 1920. Among the Great Powers that signed the Treaty, Great Britain was the first to ratify it in 1922, urging the rest of the signatories to follow suit.
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Bogdan, V. V., E. V. Chernykh, and R. W. Khalin. "CONSEQUENCES OF BRexIT FOR CONSUMERS AND LEGISLATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS 'RIGHTS IN GREAT BRITAIN." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-1-204-210.
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This article considers one of the topical issues of the development of legislation on consumer rights protection in the European Union countries in connection with Great Britain’s withdrawal from EU. European legislation on the protection of consumer rights has a number of features since all participants at the very beginning of the EU’s existence pledged to share responsibility for enacting legislation that protects consumer rights. The authors dwell on the problems of consumer rights protection in the UK, the consolidation of the legislation on consumer rights protection, and the models for building relations between the UK and EU: British membership in the European Economic Area (EEA); relations only within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO); cooperation, built on individual terms. In the study, the authors used analytical and formal-legal methods, the method of abstraction which made it possible to formulate conclusions on the conducted research. The authors come to the conclusion that there are strong relations between the rules of the Institute for the Protection of Consumer Rights of Great Britain and the legislation of the EU, so no major changes are currently expected. The Law "On the Rights of Consumers" not only introduced colossal changes in the national English legislation, but also summarized various aspects of consumer legislation in one legislative act. Such consolidation of consumer law in the UK has proved to be one of the most complex and promising legislative acts within the EU. Currently, it is difficult to predict the consequences of the UK’s exit from the EU for consumers and business, not knowing the scenario of the development of transitional or future relations with the EU. Undoubtedly, the next two years of the transition period will be difficult, since the decisions will be made by 27 EU countries without the participation of Great Britain.
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Omirzhanov, Yesbol, Marwa Ghyasi, and Binur Bertayeva. "Taliban's Misconception of Islamic Law in Treatment with Women Rights." Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 8, no. 05 (May 27, 2023): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjhss.2023.v08i05.004.
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The coming to power of the Taliban in Afghanistan in August 15, 2021, changed the social and economic situation in the country. First of all, the changes concerned the rights of women, regarding which new rules are being established. As a result, Afghanistan lost its twenty-year achievements in the field of democracy, human rights, especially women's rights. The main aim of this article is to give full description to the situation of women rights in Afghanistan and give some recommendations on their improvements according to the foreign practice. The scientific significance of the article lies in the fact that the authors tried to give a scientific analysis of the situation with women's rights in Afghanistan, made a comparative analysis with women's rights in other Muslim countries to highlight Taliban Misconceptions of Islamic rules and gave specific recommendations. In this article, the authors used systematic analysis method, historical method, as well as comparative analysis method. In this research, on one hand authors discussed the situation of Afghan Women in the current Taliban’s government, Taliban's decrees regarding women, and the clear violation of the most basic human rights of women. On the other hand, they discussed on Islamic laws, the legal status of women in some Islamic countries. The authors hope, this article, which contains exact recommendations has great practical importance to provide a model that can be useful and effective for the future of Afghan Women.
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Lillich, Richard B. "The Constitution and International Human Rights." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (October 1989): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203374.
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A decade ago Professor Henkin remarked that “there has been almost no examination at all of the relation between international human rights and the American Constitutional version of human rights.” Since then he has done much to fill this gap in the literature, as has, more recently, a distinguished barrister/scholar from Great Britain. Nevertheless, it may be useful, in this symposium celebrating the bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution, to survey both the contribution it has made to the development of international human rights law and the extent to which the latter has influenced the evolution of U.S. constitutional law.
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Smyth, Lisa. "Narratives of Irishness and the Problem of Abortion: The X Case 1992." Feminist Review 60, no. 1 (September 1998): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177898339398.
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This paper considers the ways in which discourses of abortion and discourses of national identity were constructed and reproduced through the events of the X case in the Republic of Ireland in 1992. This case involved a state injunction against a 14-year-old rape victim and her parents, to prevent them from obtaining an abortion in Britain. By examining the controversy the case gave rise to in the national press, I will argue that the terms of abortion politics in Ireland shifted from arguments based on rights to arguments centred on national identity, through the questions the X case raised about women's citizenship status, and women's position in relation to the nation and the state. Discourses of national identity and discourses of abortion shifted away from entrenched traditional positions, towards more liberal articulations.
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Falchi, Federica. "Democracy and the rights of women in the thinking of Giuseppe Mazzini1." Modern Italy 17, no. 1 (February 2012): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2012.640084.
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Addressing Italian workers in his Doveri dell'uomo of 1860, Mazzini unequivocally laid out his thoughts on women's rights. The thinker from Genoa, all the more after his encounters with other political philosophers from different national environments such as Britain and France, saw the principle of equality between men and women as fundamental to his project of constructing first the nation, and second a democratic republic. In his ideas regarding emancipation Mazzini, who spent a good 40 years of his life in exile, was one of a small group of European thinkers who in challenging the established customs and prevailing laws not only hoped for the end of women's social and judicial subordination, but also held that changes to the position of women were essential to the realisation of their political projects. Thanks to this respected group of intellectuals, the issue of female emancipation found a place in the nineteenth-century European debate regarding democracy and the formation of national states. The closeness of the positions of these thinkers, and their commitment in practice as well as theory, mean that it can legitimately be argued that in the course of the nineteenth century a current of feminist thinking took shape. This was born of the encounters between and reflections of various intellectuals who met first in France and then in England, and who came to see women's rights not just as a discrete issue for resolution but as fundamental to their projects for the regeneration of nations, or, as in the Italian case, for the construction and rebirth of a nation.
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Hubený, David. "Spolek československých advokátů v zahraničí během druhé světové války." PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE 53, no. 1 (July 25, 2023): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2023.5.
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The article deals with the Association of Czechoslovak Advocates Abroad in Exile in Great Britain during the Second World War, its rights and aspects of life in exile. Attention is paid to the tasks arising from cooperation with the Czechoslovak government in exile.
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Sverbilova, Tetiana. "POSTREALISM AND NATIONAL MODELS OF EVERYDAY LIFE IN MODERN WOMEN’S PROSE OF GREAT BRITAIN (ANNA BURNS AND BERNADINE EVARISTO)." CONTEMPORARY LITERARY STUDIES, no. 18 (December 13, 2021): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2411-3883.18.2021.246994.
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The article analyzes the poetics of everyday life in the novels of Anna Burns «Milkman» and Bernardin Evaristo «Girl, Woman, Other» in terms of modern theories of postrealism, which exists in the paradigm of both postmodernism and metamodernism. Accordingly, the narrative purpose of everyday rhetoric changes towards the symbolization of the banal as everyday. The traditional realities and details of the various national models of everyday life of both Irish and black British women, such as corporeality, appearance, food, clothing, topos of open space and interiors of private life, family and sexual relations, details of career and professional occupations, education and leisure, sports, various hobbies, etc. It is determined similar and diverse in different local national, racial and cultural matrices within the British postrealism of the gender type, which opposes traditional mimetic realism by the tendency to symbolize and metaphorize reality. In the age of postrealism, this is an attempt in the global world to modernize everyday life up to the level of the main modern problems of mankind. Postrealistic processes of symbolization of everyday life in the aspect related to the processes of globalization of culture is considered. This is the interaction of totalitarian thinking and new global practices of mankind. In this case, according to the principles of transculturation of global culture, it is not a one-sided influence, but interaction and interpenetration. The imagologem of the Other is analyzed as a cultural phenomenon and as a subject of narration. The difference of female images is identified as a national betrayal from the point of view of the patriarchal-tribalist community in the novel by Anna Burns. But the view of «others» in Bernardin Evaristo’s novel is characterized too by a certain monopoly in deviating from this otherness, both in thedirection of trying to preserve national, racial identity, and in the direction of the traditional norm as the oppression of a peculiar and diverse personality. The struggle for the right to an independent identity becomes the main plot of both novels, which move, on the one hand, in the traditional gender themes and, on the other hand, go beyond traditional women’s prose, not least due to symbolic stylistics and poetics in the display of everyday life in postrealist discourse.