Relevant bibliographies by topics / Women's rights – Case studies

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Women's rights – Case studies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Women's rights – Case studies"

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Desivilya, Helena Syna, and Dalit Yassour-Borochowitz. "The Case of CheckpointWatch: A Study of Organizational Practices in a Women's Human Rights Organization." Organization Studies 29, no. 6 (June 2008): 887–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840608088708.

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The present study aims to discern the ways whereby gender-role perceptions and women's perspectives on political conflict and peace processes inform the organizational development process, reflected in organizational structure and processes. In order to achieve this we studied CheckpointWatch, a women's voluntary organization devoted to monitoring and reporting human rights violations of Palestinians crossing Israeli military checkpoints. The research is a qualitative study. Data gathering was designed to collect information from two sources: (1) interviews with key informants in the organization, and (2) documents transmitted over the organization's internal communications network. The findings illustrate the complexities involved in the organizational development processes of a women's peace and human rights organization, its vacillation between transition into a more formalized NGO and its holding on to the social movement organization, grassroots stage. The study also demonstrates the significance of feminist ideology with its embedded complexity and internal paradoxes, which infiltrates into organizational structure, operational processes and activities. Finally, this research highlights the fundamental role of the cultural and sociopolitical context in women's organizational practices. Overall, the study contributes to organization studies by shedding light on the intricacies of organizational dynamics in women's Peace and conflict resolution organizations.
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Everett, Elizabeth. "Women's rights, the family, and organisational culture: A Lesotho case study." Gender & Development 5, no. 1 (February 1997): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/741922302.

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Rizal, Faisol. "Hak-Hak Kesehatan Reproduksi dalam Islam dan Aborsi." Tafáqquh: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Keislaman 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52431/tafaqquh.v3i2.46.

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In the system quo, in terms of studies Women have always occupied a low position, limited and threatened. In this context, there is an attempt to empower women through several agencies to re-arrange the order of the spirit of global ethics, which includes the concept of justice and equality in rights and duties. With some contemporary approaches, and taking into account the conservative approach, the issue of women’s reproductive rights can be observed comprehensiveely. Conservative foothold in this case, can be considered as a material consideration in the hope footing and shooting accuracy issues that can unite goodnes solution by one of the male and female. This research resulted in the finding that women's reproductive rights are women's rights, and in its settings, especially family planning should women get the attention of her husband. In connection with the regulation of birth, can be practiced by a majority of scholars of international law and agreements. Instead, under the agreement the majority of scholars, too, the practice of abortion is prohibited. It is also supported by legislation at the practice level.
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Ying, Hu. ""How Can a Daughter Glorify the Family Name?" Filiality and Women's Rights in the Late Qing." NAN NÜ 11, no. 2 (2009): 234–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138768009x12586661923027.

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AbstractThis paper examines married daughters' filiality toward their natal families through three case studies. The protagonists are Qiu Jin (1875?-1907), Wu Zhiying (1868-1934) and Xu Zihua (1873-1935). Using the lens of filiality, we are able to observe the finer nuances of their gendered self-conception within the context of the rapidly changing world at the end of China's imperial era. I argue that the language and sentiment of filiality facilitated a substantial broadening of women's rights: in expanding what a literati daughter can claim as her intellectual inheritance, in providing the basis of a legal argument for a daughter's inheritance rights, and in offering a conduit for the experience of women's participation in political changes.
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Boris, Eileen. "Homework and Women's Rights: The Case of the Vermont Knitters, 1980-1985." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 13, no. 1 (October 1987): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/494388.

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Bektas, Eda, and Esra Issever-Ekinci. "Who Represents Women in Turkey? An Analysis of Gender Difference in Private Bill Sponsorship in the 2011–15 Turkish Parliament." Politics & Gender 15, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 851–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x18000363.

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AbstractIn this study, we examine substantive representation of women in the 2011–15 Turkish Parliament by focusing on sponsorship of private members’ bills by members of parliament (MPs) across eight major issue areas. The Turkish case offers new insights into women's representation, not only because this topic is unexplored in the Turkish context but also because it provides an opportunity to examine the tension between gender as a social identity and ideology as a political identity in a legislature characterized by disciplined political parties and low gender parity. Findings indicate that women MPs in Turkey substantively represent women by sponsoring more bills on women's rights and equality issues than their male colleagues, despite their low numbers in parliament and affiliation with highly disciplined parties. Party ideology also shapes women MPs’ issue priorities depending on the emphasis placed by the parties on different issue areas. Whereas left-wing women MPs sponsor more bills on women's rights and equality issues defined with a feminist accent, right-wing women MPs sponsor more bills on issues regarding children and family. Left-wing women also differ significantly from right-wing women in their sponsorship of bills on health and social affairs issues, as left-wing parties prioritize those issues more than right-wing parties.
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Chervanova, D. A. "Universality of human rights as their main property." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 2 (July 24, 2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.02.5.

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The author considers the issue of protection of universal women's rights. The first thing that draws attention is the concept of human rights and their importance in the world, the essence of universal human rights. The article is devoted to defining the place and role of women's rights in the catalog of human rights. In particular, on the basis of the international legal analysis the acts which have laid the foundation of legal protection of women are allocated; based on international legal acts, periodic systematization of the most important milestones in the formation of women's rights is carried out - formations in the development of gender rights are determined; the analysis of the legal status of women in society is carried out from the standpoint of both legal protection and the real state of affairs, so the problematic issues which face further improvement of the protection of women's rights are highlighted. International case law on the protection of women's rights is considered. Relevant decisions of the European Court of Human Rights are given. The system of international universal human rights standards is studied, their characteristics are given. The system of legal registration of women's rights institutions in the context of international standards is described, the problematic issues of their implementation, provision and protection through basic mechanisms of human rights protection at different levels are studied, the practice of human rights mechanisms is analyzed. It is concluded that the main problems in the realization of women's rights, which are pervasive, are the use of domestic violence and discrimination in employment. It is these issues, both at the level of the international community and in national legal systems, including Ukraine, that should be the focus of attention.
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Madhok, Sumi. "On Reading The Logics of Gender Justice." Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 26, no. 4 (2019): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz049.

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Abstract This ambitious and remarkable book provides us with a new, creative, and critical site for feminist scholarship and leads the way in producing historically and contextually specific empirical datasets and analysis of the deeply complex area of global women's rights. As is often the case with important work, the book engenders a supplementary set of hard questions to be asked both of itself and of the wider literature. In particular, the book enables us to raise two sets of further questions: first, about the links between law, policy making, women's rights, and social transformation, and second, to raise methodological and conceptual questions in the wake of empirically operationalizing intersectionality on a global scale.
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Fikri, Fikri. "Fleksibilitas Hak Perempuan dalam Cerai Gugat di Pengadilan Agama Parepare." Al-Maiyyah : Media Transformasi Gender dalam Paradigma Sosial Keagamaan 12, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/almaiyyah.v12i1.678.

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This study aimed to know about the flexibility of women's rights in divorce at Parepare Religious Court and how the judge resolved divorce case. This study was conducted with qualitative research with a focus on case studies, with a juridical, socio-anthropological, philosophical and psychological approach. The results of this study shows; 1) Judge's decision in Case No.171/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Pare is flexible in deciding divorce case. The case of divorce is a reflection of equality and justice in women's rights to law enforcement in the Religious Courts. Divorced as well as eliminating patriarchal culture by placing women as second class; 2) The judge at Religious Court in Parepare can approve in a divorce case for several reasons as follows; disputes and quarrels occur between husband and wife, the husband persecutes and hurts his wife's body, the husband betrays his wife to another woman.
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Fadlillah, Amin, and Ibanah Suhroardiyah Shiam Mubarokah. "Strengthening Women's Rights among Students: Case Study at The Pondok Pesantren of Tahfidz al-Qur'an Ebqory Jember." An-Nisa': Jurnal Kajian Perempuan dan Keislaman 15, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/annisa.v15i1.70.

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Accumulatively, the number of female students who stay in Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia is higher than that of male students. However, the reality is that this fact is not directly proportional to the existence of education to strengthen the rights of female students in Islamic boarding schools along with the curriculum and educational materials of Islamic boarding schools that tend to position women as male objects. This can be seen by teaching the Kitab Uqud al-Lujjain which is considered not to reflect gender equality. This article aims to examine the methods used by Pondok Pesantren Tahfidz al-Qur'an Ebqory Jember on the issue of strengthening women's rights among students. This study uses a qualitative research method in which data related to the object of research are obtained through in-depth observation, interviews, and literature review. This data was then analyzed and written descriptively-critically which resulted in a clear conclusion. The results of this study indicate that the strategy of strengthening women's rights in Ebqory is carried out by two methods, namely theoretically and practically. Theoretically, strengthening women's rights is done by studying the Kitab Sittin al-Adliyah, a kitab that discusses 60 authentic hadiths about the position of women in Islam and gender studies training. Practically, students are provided with individual skill training such as training as a host and cooking training.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women's rights – Case studies"

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Svedberg, Douglas. "Gaining international legitimacy by improving women's rights and gender equality : The case of Nicaragua." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402545.

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A reoccurring argument in previous research is that autocracies implement policy changes for women’s rights in order to gain international legitimacy. The idea is that by showing the international community that they are on-board with the global movement to empower women; focus is diverted they from their shortcomings in other democratic aspects. What is left out of the discussion though, is how such legitimization take shape. With help of qualitative content analysis, this thesis aims to investigate whether Nicaragua, an increasingly autocratic state which has implemented policy changes to improve women’s rights and gender equality, has gained international legitimacy in the reports of two different watch dog organizations, Amnesty International and Freedom House, and simultaneously received less criticism for their flaws as a state. The results of the analysis are not straightforward but provides two key findings that suggests that the theory cannot be completely dismissed. The first one is that, by comparing the reports by Freedom House, less criticism is detected simultaneously as the two policy changes are referred to more often in year 2012 compared to year 2011 which supports the theory. The second finding is that the amendments of Comprehensive Violence against Women Law in 2013 is referred to rather differently between Amnesty International and Freedom House, which brings more complexity to this issue. Thus, future research on the subject with similar methodology should analyze data from more than two organizations in order to understand if any view is more common than the other.
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Jändel, Sara. "Fights for Rights : A Case Study of Two Vigilante Women's Movements: The Suffragettes and The Gulabi Gang." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353038.

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This thesis is a comparative case study of the Suffragette movement and the Gulabi Gang, two women’s movements using violence as a political strategy to fight patriarchal structures. Studying vigilante women’s movements is important as the current literature on the relationship between women and violence is deficient, focusing on women as victims of violence but neglecting the idea of women as contributors to violence. This study therefore aims to challenge the idea of female pacifism and to acknowledge women as rational, and sometimes violent, actors. This will be done by comparing the Suffragette movement and the Gulabi Gang, two most-different cases of vigilante women’s movements, with the purpose to find the motivations behind their strategic choice of violence. The study is of an explorative kind, aiming to contribute to the existing theories of vigilantism with why some women’s groups have felt compelled to step outside of traditional stereotypes and norms attributed to women to achieve their goals. The result shows that the existing theories explaining the motivations to vigilante actions coincide with the Suffragettes and the Gulabi Gang. They are however also proven to not adequately explain why some women’s movements use violence. This study therefore contributes, to the existing theories, with the conclusion that women’s movements use violence, generally seen as a masculine strategy, to shock and surprise the people and the decision-makers. The use of violence, in other words, creates a disturbance in the societal structures as a result of women generally being unexpected to use such strategies. It furthermore creates opportunities for the groups to increase the attention devoted to them in ways that would not have been possible if the groups would use more feminine strategies.
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Rodriguez, Fernandez Gisela Victoria. "Reproduciendo Otros Mundos: Indigenous Women's Struggles Against Neo-Extractivism and the Bolivian State." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5094.

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Latin America is in a political crisis, yet Bolivia is still widely recognized as a beacon of hope for progressive change. The radical movements at the beginning of the 21st century against neoliberalism that paved the road for the election of Bolivia's first indigenous president, Evo Morales, beckoned a change from colonial rule towards a more just society. Paradoxically, in pursuing progress through economic growth, the Bolivian state led by President Morales has replicated the colonial division of labor through a development model known as neo-extractivism. Deeply rooted tensions have also emerged between indigenous communities and the Bolivian state due to the latter's zealous economic bond with the extractivist sector. Although these paradoxes have received significant attention, one substantial aspect that remains underexplored and undertheorized is how such tensions affect socio-political relations at the intersections of class, race and gender where indigenous women in Bolivia occupy a unique position. To address this research gap, this qualitative study poses the following research questions: 1. How does neo-extractivism affect the lives of indigenous women? 2. How does the state shape relations between neo-extractivism and indigenous women? 3. How do indigenous women organize to challenge the impact of state-led extractivism on their lives and their communities? To answer these questions, I conducted a multi-sited ethnographic study between October 2017 and June 2018 in Oruro, Bolivia, an area that is heavily affected by mining contamination. By analyzing processes of social reproduction, I argue that neo-extractivism leads to water contamination and water scarcity, becoming the epicenter of the deterioration of subsistence agriculture and the dispossession of indigenous ways of life. Because indigenous women are subsistence producers and social reproducers whose activities depend on water, the dispossession of water has a dire effect on them, which demonstrates how capitalism relies on and exacerbates neo-colonial and patriarchal relations. To tame dissent to these contradictions, the Bolivian and self-proclaimed "indigenist state" defines and politicizes ethnicity in order to build a national identity based on indigeneity. This state-led ethnic inclusion, however, simultaneously produces class exclusions of indigenous campesinxs (peasants) who are not fully engaged in market relations. In contrast to the government's inclusive but rigidly-defined indigeneity, indigenous communities embrace a fluid and dual indigeneity: one that is connected to territories, yet also independent from them; a rooted indigeneity based on the praxis of what it means to be indigenous. Indigenous women and their communities embrace this fluid and rooted indigeneity to build alliances across gender, ethnic, and geographic lines to organize against neo-extractivism. Moreover, the daily responsibilities of social reproduction within the context of subsistence agriculture, which are embedded in Andean epistemes of reciprocity, duality, and complementarity, have allowed indigenous women to build solidarity networks that keep the social fabric within, and between, communities alive. These solidarity networks are sites of everyday resistances that represent a threat and an alternative to capitalist, colonial and patriarchal mandates.
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Johansen, Kine Fjell. "The state and civil society in Uganda, Kenya and South Africa : the case of women’s movements." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6875.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Both democracy and civil society is seen to be dysfunctional in many African countries. Political leaders are not accountable to the people and citizens’ participation in the democracies is low. Particularly, women have often been neglected both within formal politics and the civil society. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate the role of the women’s movements in Uganda, Kenya and South Africa. The study has focused on the relationship between the women’s movement and the state, and further addressed the extent to which the women’s movements have been able to direct the state and influence policymaking for improved women’s rights and gender equality in the respective countries. The thesis has found that the relationship between the women’s movements and the state in the three countries inhibits very different characteristics that give rise to varying degrees of success from the work of the women’s movements. Further, the relationship has been subjected to changes in accordance with the overall political developments in the three countries. In Uganda and South Africa the political transitions of the mid 1980s and early 1990s, each respectively represented a period of good connection and communication between the women’s movements and the state. The women’s movements were able to present a strong voice and, thereby, were able to influence the state for the adoption of national gender machineries. After the political transitions, the relationship between the women’s movements and the state in both Uganda and South Africa has, however, become more constrained. In South Africa, the debates on women’s rights and gender equality have been moved from the terrain of the civil society and into the state, leading to a seemingly weakened voice for the women’s movement outside the state. In Uganda, the women’s movement have come to be subjected to pressure for co-optation by the government. The government does not genuinely uphold a concern for increased women’s rights and gender equality, and the women’s movement has at times been directly counteracted. Further, in Kenya, the women’s movement’s relationship with the state is characterised by competition rather than communication. The women’s movement is subjected to high degrees of repression, attempts of cooptation and silencing from the state, and the women’s movement have been effectively restricted from presenting a strong voice and influence the state to any great. The three case- studies illustrates that the political opportunity structures present at a particular time influence the extent to which women’s movements can work effectively in different contexts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Menige Afrikaland se demokrasie sowel as burgerlike samelewing word as disfunksioneel beskou. Politieke leiers doen geen verantwoording aan die mense nie, en burgers se deelname aan demokrasie is gebrekkig. Veral vroue word afgeskeep in die formele politieke sfeer én die burgerlike samelewing. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die rol van die vrouebewegings in Uganda, Suid-Afrika en Kenia te ondersoek. Die studie konsentreer op die verhouding tussen die vrouebeweging en die staat, en handel voorts oor die mate waarin die verskillende vrouebewegings die staat kan lei en beleidbepaling kan beïnvloed om beter vroueregte en gendergelykheid in die onderskeie lande teweeg te bring. Die tesis bevind dat die verhouding tussen die vrouebewegings en die staat in die drie lande onder beskouing baie uiteenlopende kenmerke toon, wat wisselende grade van sukses in die vrouebewegings se werk tot gevolg het. Voorts verander dié verhouding namate die oorkoepelende politieke bestel in die drie lande verander. Uganda en Suid-Afrika se politieke oorgange in die middeltagtiger- en vroeë negentigerjare onderskeidelik het ʼn tydperk van goeie bande en kommunikasie tussen die vrouebewegings en die staat verteenwoordig. Die vrouebewegings se stem het groot gewig gehad en kon dus die staat beïnvloed om nasionale beleid en werkswyses met betrekking tot gender in te stel. Ná die onderskeie politieke oorgange is die verhouding tussen die vrouebeweging en die staat in sowel Uganda as Suid-Afrika egter aansienlik ingeperk. In Suid-Afrika het die debat oor vroueregte en gendergelykheid van die gebied van die burgerlike samelewing na die staat verskuif, wat die vrouebeweging se stem buite die staat aansienlik verswak het. In Uganda is die vrouebeweging weer onderwerp aan druk van koöpsie deur die regering. Die regering blyk nie werklik besorg te wees oor beter vroueregte en gendergelykheid nie, en die vrouebeweging word by tye direk teengewerk. Daarbenewens word die Keniaanse vrouebeweging se verhouding met die staat gekenmerk deur kompetisie eerder as kommunikasie. Die vrouebeweging het te kampe met heelwat onderdrukking en koöpsie- en muilbandpogings van die staat, en word in effek daarvan weerhou om hul menings te lug en die staat in enige beduidende mate te beïnvloed met die oog op groter doelgerigtheid en beter beleidbepaling wat vroueregte en gendergelykheid betref. Die drie gevallestudies toon dat die politieke geleentheidstrukture op ʼn bepaalde tydstip ʼn uitwerking het op die mate waarin vrouebewegings doeltreffend in verskillende kontekste kan funksioneer.
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Ada, Tchoukou Julie Ynes. "Legal Development and the Democratization of Human Rights in Post-modern Africa: A Case for the Legal Regulation of Cultural Violence Against Girls." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42652.

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The problem of cultural violence against girls in Nigeria has been discussed at length. A number of scholars have conducted empirical studies, others developed theories and tools to be used in measuring and monitoring improvement on eliminating specific cultural practices. This scholarship is vitally important. They launch feminist and other anthropological works into an arena of anti-violence work which without a doubt have a significant impact and far-reaching repercussions for girls who experience violence in Nigeria. Yet, despite the systemic change over the past years, the problem of violence against girls in Africa, more specifically Nigeria, is still persistent within cultural communities. Building on the important foundational works of these authors, my dissertation analyses this problem from a different perspective. This thesis identifies several governance gaps within the Nigerian legal framework that needs to be addressed before existing legal mechanisms can adequately address the problem of violence against girls. To ensure a proper examination of the different dimensions and changing patterns of cultural violence against girls, the dissertation focuses on the practice of child marriages within Muslim communities in Northern Nigeria. The complexity of the issues addressed in this dissertation required a variety of theoretical tools to unpack the different fields of inquiry. The dissertation uses a critical legal studies and feminist framework in studying the problem of cultural violence against girls in Nigeria. It also uses textuality, a method of inquiry within Dorothy Smith’s feminist socio-legal methodology, to investigate the text-based organization of social policy in Nigeria to ultimately reveal a legal and political system used as an instrument for consolidating power and legitimizing anti-women principles as traditional values. Using these tools, the thesis analyzed the complexity of the problem of cultural violence through a focus on co-existing institutional frameworks, that is, formal and informal legal structures and the roles they play in shaping the experiences of girls within cultural communities.
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Woldegies, Belete Deribie Dr. "Economic Empowerment Through Income Generating Activities and Social Mobilization: The Case of Married Amhara Women of Wadla Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1414506522.

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Burgan, Rebecca. "A Feminist Oversight: The Reproductive Rights of Women in Prisons." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1400191200.

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Chen, Pei-Ching. "Women's studies and the women's movement in Taiwan /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2639.

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Essays (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2006.
Theses (Dept. of Women's Studies) / Simon Fraser University. Senior supervisor : Dr. Helen Hok-Sze Leung. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.
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Sabine, Kathryn Rose. "Post-Roe: In defense of reproductive rights." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291635.

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Second wave feminists almost necessarily withdrew from the quagmire of motherhood politics to focus more directly on reproductive rights policy. Many third wave feminists have not yet experienced the hardships and heartache of attempting to balance career and motherhood, so there is a generational rift at play within the feminist movement. Being inclusive of all women's experiences and choices will help feminists create a reproductive rights policy that meets the needs of more women in their decisions to mother (or not) and provide invaluable information feminists need in seeking to address disparate measures of economic and social stability mothers are subjected to. By meeting the needs of more women, the feminist movement creates a sympathetic political constituent base to draw from when backlash efforts are enacted against such policies.
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Troh, Christian. "Violation of women's rights : Female Genital Mutilation FGM." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96445.

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This study intends to analyze the causes of the high prevalence of the practice of female genital mutilations (FGM) in Sudan, Nigeria, and Iraq. For the attainment of this objective, the researcher had used the secondary data collection and the qualitative data analysis method. The results of the study indicate that the factors of culture, religion and society are the three most important ones which had directly contributed towards the high prevalence of FGM in the different developing nations like Sudan, Nigeria and Iraq among others. More importantly, the results also indicate that the practice of is an attempt on the part of the male dominated society of these nations to not only control the sexuality of the women but of almost all the aspects of their life. Furthermore, this ritual while adversely affecting the wellbeing as well as the health of the women and the girls is a gross violation of the human rights or the basic fundamental rights of the girls and the women. In addition to these, it had been seen that although the different nations of the world like Sudan and Iraq in the recent years had taken the help of various measures, legislations and others but they have failed to help these nations to effectively reduce the high prevalence of FGM. However, in the relation mention needs to be made of the nation of Nigeria which in the recent years had been able to reduce the prevalence of FGM by more than half through the usage of adequate implementation and monitoring strategies for the effective usage of the different legislations, regulations and others related to FGM. This as a matter of fact has important implications for the nations like Iraq and Sudan since they also have the option to reduce the high prevalence of FGM in their territory through the usage of similar measures. Lastly, the study recommends the usage of adequate implementation, monitoring and evaluation strategies for the legislations, regulations and others related to FGM, empowerment of women and the spread of required awareness regarding the harmful effects of FGM on the health and the wellbeing of the women for reducing the high prevalence of the same.

Due to Convid 19 the presentation was virtual. 

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Books on the topic "Women's rights – Case studies"

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Institute, African Gender, ed. Translating commitment into policy and practice?: 3 case studies. Durban: Agenda, 1999.

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Samina, Awan, ed. Women emancipation in South Asia: A case study of Fatima Jinnah. Lahore: Centre for South Asian Studies, University of the Punjab, 2003.

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(Pakistan), Church World Service, ed. Women empowerment: Reference material. Karachi: Church World Service Pakistan, 2005.

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Restructuring class and gender: Six case studies. Kraków: NOMOS, 2012.

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Programme, Safer Cities, ed. The global assessment on women's safety. Nairobi: Safer Cities Programme, UN-HABITAT, 2008.

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Asia, UNICEF/South, ed. Women's right to life and health: A book of case studies. Kathmandu: United Nations Children's Fund, Regional Office for South Asia, 2004.

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Albertini, Josefina. 4 mujeres, nuestros derechos. [Paraguay]: CIPAE, 1995.

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Victoria. Office of Women's Policy . Women's safety, women's voices. Melbourne: Office of Women's Policy, Dept. of Premier and Cabinet, 2002.

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Dhaatri Resource Centre for Women and Children--Samata. Contesting women's rights within the political economy of mining in India. Secunderabad: Dhaatri Resource Centre for Women and Children, 2010.

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Mathew, Suseela. Breaking the barriers: Towards women's empowerment. Bangalore: Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Women's rights – Case studies"

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Roberts, Tomi-Ann. "Bleeding in Jail: Objectification, Self-Objectification, and Menstrual Injustice." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 53–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_6.

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Abstract In this first-person recollection, Roberts describes in frank detail an expert witness in a civil rights case on behalf of former inmates subjected to a strip and body cavity search in a women's jail. As Roberts relates, the procedure was monitored by female deputies and conducted en masse, and those who were menstruating had to remove their soiled tampons or pads in front of the group and, in some cases, bleed down their legs and onto the floor. Deputies are alleged to have verbally abused the inmates during the procedure. This case, Roberts says, has opened her eyes to the ways the shame and disgust that menstruation engenders gets deployed to debase disenfranchised women. Roberts asserts that this is a uniquely misogynist form of punishment, meted out by and against bodies and minds that have been colonized by objectification and self-objectification, becoming a grotesque platform to dehumanize women who land on the wrong side of the law and who live in bodies that menstruate.
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Marks, Katriel, and Rhonda Phillips. "Analysing non-legal barriers to land ownership by women." In Land governance and gender: the tenure-gender nexus in land management and land policy, 100–112. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247664.0009.

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Abstract This chapter explores barriers to women's land ownership. It investigates the potential factors behind why women's rights to own land are often ignored despite laws permitting women to own and inherit land. Measures of gender equality are correlated, as presented in the World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Index 2020 (economic participation and equality, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment) to percentages of land held by women in a nation. Commonalities between case studies on women's land ownership around the world are discussed as well.
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Steele, Linda, and Beth Goldblatt. "The Human Rights of Women and Girls with Disabilities: Sterilization and Other Coercive Responses to Menstruation." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 77–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_8.

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Abstract Steele and Goldblatt argue that menstruation is a key site for discrimination and violence against women and girls with disabilities and that the law has been complicit in sustaining these injustices. The authors make this argument by exploring the law as it relates to sterilization and provide an overview of some of the legal dimensions of menstruation in relation to women and girls with disabilities. The authors offer Australia as a case study of the human rights challenges for this population. The study concludes with a call for critical menstruation studies scholarship to engage with the legal dimensions of menstruation in relation to women and girls with disabilities and consider how mainstream menstruation activism can address this population’s experiences and needs.
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Drauth, Carlo Manuel. "Case Studies." In DAX-Firms and Human Rights, 141–201. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19883-1_7.

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Bronkhorst, Ruud. "Case Studies." In The Economics of Human Rights, 83–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59166-3_17.

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Hayakawa, Noriyo. "Nationalism, Colonialism and Women: the Case of the World Woman’s Christian Temperance Union in Japan." In Women's Rights and Human Rights, 16–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333977644_2.

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Bronkhorst, Ruud. "Summary Case Studies." In The Economics of Human Rights, 109–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59166-3_18.

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Bawa, Sylvia. "Culture, Rights, and African Women’s Futures." In The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77030-7_41-1.

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Bawa, Sylvia. "Culture, Rights, and African Women’s Futures." In The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies, 2487–501. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28099-4_41.

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Saeed, Lutforahman. "Selling Dog Meat Case." In Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights, 167–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83086-1_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Women's rights – Case studies"

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Omomeji, M. J., and O. Adeola Olajide. "Women’s Access to Land and its Implications for Empowerment in Nigeria: The Case of Ilorin East Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria." In 28th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Research Conference AIUWA The Gambia. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v28n3p8.

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There is a gender gap observed in access, ownership and control of land and other productive resources which is not in favor of women in Nigeria. While most studies on access to land resource have related it to food security, this study however examined its implications for the empowerment of women in the study area. Multistage sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 120 households from the population. Questionnaires were used to elicit information from the sample, and its administration was interactive. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between women's empowerment and access, control, and ownership of land resource. The regression analysis showed that land ownership, rights to land, and decision-making power over land had significant effects on the empowerment status. The study recommends that laws that will ensure and protect women's access and rights to land should be put in place and such laws should be properly monitored and evaluated. Keywords: Access to Land, Women’s Empowerment, Land Ownership, control of land Proceedings Reference
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Georgopoulos, Dionisis. "The Military Model in I.T. and Computer Studies: A Violation against Women's Rights in Work and Education." In 2011 15th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics (PCI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pci.2011.7.

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Gomes, Aline Rezende, Leonardo Pires Novais Dias, Gleidison Bomfim Boaventura dos Santos, and André Vinicius Moraes Dias. "DERMATOMYOSITIS: A RARE PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME IN BREAST CANCER." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1022.

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Breast cancer, the most frequent malignancy diagnosed in women, can feature uncommon presentations such as paraneoplastic syndrome, including dermatomyositis (DM). DM is a rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that affects adults and children, predominantly women. Many epidemiological studies demonstrated that adults with DM have an increased risk for malignancy. Early evidence came from case reports, but this link was later confirmed in case-control and population-based studies. According to recent data, the association between DM and malignancy ranges from 7 to 30% of cases. Therefore, when facing a diagnosis of DM, it is mandatory to perform a comprehensive oncological screening on the affected patient. The malignancies associated with DM comprise numerous tumors. In general, the DM delivers progressive symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and typical skin changes. The literature indicates that oncological treatment promotes amelioration of the rheumatologic condition in breast cancer cases. Although, cancer treatment alone is insufficient to adequately control the cutaneous and myopathic manifestations of DM, which can significantly affect the quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach, including close collaboration with rheumatologists and dermatologists, is crucial in diagnosing and managing oncology patients with DM. Unfortunately, till date, there is no consensus or protocols to guide the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of these patients. Global scientific knowledge of the topic still requires additional data to improve medical care for these patients. A 51-year-old woman, formerly healthy, progressively presented with a diffuse erythematous rash, Gottron’s papules, V sign, Shawl sign, Holster sign, and mechanic’s hands, in addition to proximal muscle weakness. After prompt investigation, the patient was diagnosed with DM. Hence, the patient underwent comprehensive neoplastic screening that revealed bilateral breast malignancy. Invasive ductal carcinoma was detected in the right breast and HER2 overexpressing invasive ductal carcinoma in the left breast. Staging indicated no metastases, and the patient was classified as cT2N2M0 in the left breast (stage IIIA) and cT2N0M0 in the right breast (stage IIA). Thus, the treatment plan began with steroids, followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and, at last, the patient underwent a bilateral mastectomy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisted of a scheme with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. The surgical therapy plan was mastectomy with axillary dissection for the left breast and mastectomy with selective lymphadenectomy for the right breast. The medical team observed improvement in signs and symptoms correlated to DM throughout treatment. During follow-up, there was no evidence of reactivation of the rheumatological condition.
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Muhtada, Dani. "State and the Protection of the Minority Rights in Indonesia: The Case of the Ahmadi Group." In 1st International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies (ICILS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icils-18.2018.2.

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Marquis, Jenefer, and Theodor Wyeld. "Ancestral Forces in Contemporary Indigenous Australian Women's Art: 3 Case Studies of Multi-dimensional Cultural Heritage Knowledge." In 2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv.2010.60.

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Alfitri, Dr. "Why Do Companies Pay Their Alms Tax (Zakat)? Case Studies Of Compliance With Corporate Zakat Obligation In Islamic Commercial Banks In Indonesia." In 1st International Conference of Law and Justice - Good Governance and Human Rights in Muslim Countries: Experiences and Challenges (ICLJ 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclj-17.2018.6.

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Souza, Carolina de, and Manoel Antônio dos Santos. "“IT’S AS IF THERE IS NO COUPLE”: EXPERIENCES OF LESBIAN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER AND THEIR PARTNERS IN HEALTH SERVICES." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2085.

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The model of a woman expected in health services is as follows: adult, mother, and heterosexual. Any woman who breaks this pattern is invisibilized or goes through services that are not adequate for her particular demands. Most of the time, lesbian women go unnoticed in health services, and the identification of their sexual orientation does not occur directly, in consultations with the women, but by the identification of others of characteristics considered as male gender, such as short hair, masculine way of walking, and type of clothes. Objective: This study aims to understand the meanings attributed by a lesbian couple to the discrimination suffered in health services. Methodology: This is a qualitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory study that had gender studies as theoretical references. One woman with breast cancer and her partner participated. An in-depth interview was conducted with each of the participants and, subsequently, the data were analyzed and discussed from the perspective of the inductive thematic content analysis. Results: The participants reported more than one experience of discrimination with the health professionals they encountered throughout the cancer treatment: sexist comments, invisibilization, and denial of the relationship of the two as a couple, among others. It can be said that women are taught, since they are born, to be mothers, to take care of others, and to “give pleasure to the other.” Thus, the sexuality of women is denied, repressed, and feared. These gaps invisibilize lesbianities within the healthcare system. Conclusion: The findings of this study also allow us to look toward the health issues of lesbian women, whose vulnerabilities are amplified by the need to defend their dissident identities and sexualities when they are in contact with health services. Fighting the inequities experienced by lesbian women in the health sector is a challenge for the effective implementation of health rights, with respect to citizenship and dignity.
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Ferreira Filho, Darley de Lima, Nancy Cristina Ferraz de Lucena Ferreira, and Thais de Lucena Ferreira. "ANALYSIS OF WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER WHO UNDERWENT IMMEDIATE OR LATE BREAST RECONSTRUCTION." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1004.

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Introduction: Breast reconstruction is a right guaranteed by the public health system for women who undergo mastectomy. However, there are factors that delay the performance of this procedure in the Unified Health System in Brazil. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of immediate or late breast reconstruction in women with breast cancer in a reference hospital in the state of Pernambuco. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective, analytical study, with a descriptive approach of 400 cases of breast reconstruction from 2010 to 2020. The data were collected through a surgical care survey with breast cancer patients who underwent breast reconstruction. Then, they were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 18, with the percentage rates of the categories assessed by the χ2 test, considering a 5% significance level. The comparison of the analysis was significant (p <0.005), showing that the described profile is the most frequent one in the group of assessed patients. Results: Most patients were aged between 46 and 59 years (45.3%), brown (61.1%), married (79.1%), who studied until high school (60.7%), homemakers (45%), nonsmokers (84.9%), and who do not drink alcohol (94.9%). According to the TNM system, 84% of the patients were in the early stages (0, I, and IIa), underwent immediate reconstruction after mastectomy or resection (70.3%); reconstructive surgeries had local flaps, both in the lower, upper, or medial-lateral pedicle; and implants were performed in 70% of the patients. According to the molecular subtype, Luminal A represented 60% of the patients, followed by Luminal B with 16%, triple negative with 15%, and HER-2 with 9%. Conclusion: The findings support that patients with higher schooling are prone to undergoing immediate breast reconstruction. Thus, the number of immediate breast reconstruction procedures in patients with breast cancer has increased significantly.
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Turan, Abdulmenaf, and Mahmut Güler. "Sustainable Environmental Policy in Turkey: Climate Change Case." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00603.

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Environmental problems have become the main agenda of all countries in the world since 1970’s. Various reports have been written, international meetings have been held and various contracts, agreements and action plans were accepted according to these decisions. Each of these arrangements has reflected to policies of countries. The most important issue of international meetings is that environmental values and natural resources should be used rationally and without extravagancy, should be protected and sustained considering the policy of using rights and benefits of current and future generations. In this sense, the concept of “sustainable development” which aims at enabling economic growth and is defined as an environmentalist view in included in the report called Our Common Future which is prepared by Bruntland in 1987 and presented to United Nations Commission of Environment and Development. Later on, this principle was accepted as the main principle of meeting in RIO Summit of 1992. Turkey which is one of the developing countries did not remain out of this process and determined environmental policies in accordance with decisions in global level. Turkey participated in both meetings mentioned above; carried out preparation studies according to these principles and adapted these principles to legal regulations and policies about environmental and economic development. In this study, first of all historical development of sustainable development concept in global sense will be explained and then it will be evaluated how this principle influences environmental policies in Turkey in analytical way together with examples of practice.
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Trager, Erin C. "Case Studies From Implementation of the First Commercial Leasing Processes for Areas of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Under the U.S. Renewable Energy Regulations, 30 CFR 585." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23502.

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President Barack Obama announced on April 22, 2009 that the U.S. Interior Department (USDOI) had completed the Final Renewable Energy Framework or rulemaking process (i.e., regulations) to govern management of the Renewable Energy Program for the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) within USDOI is responsible for overseeing the implementation of this framework. It establishes a program to grant leases, easements, and rights-of-way for orderly, safe, and environmentally responsible renewable energy development activities, such as the siting and construction of offshore wind generating facilities on the OCS, as well as other forms of renewable energy such as wave, current, and solar. To date, five commercial wind energy leases have been issued for areas on the U.S. OCS and several other areas are at various stages in the process leading to leasing. The leases issued for two states in particular — Delaware and Virginia — help serve as case studies for how the U.S. regulatory process for ocean wind leasing operates. This paper will discuss the process by which these leases were issued and next steps, which will illustrate the implementation and best practices of the U.S. regulatory process for offshore wind leasing.
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Reports on the topic "Women's rights – Case studies"

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Myers, Beth. Garment workers' rights are women's rights: Suggestions for future studies on support for socially responsible businesses. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-318.

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Walsh, Alex, and Ben Hassine. Mediation and Peacebuilding in Tunisia: Actors and Practice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.061.

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This Helpdesk Report is part mapping of the mediation and peacebuilding actors in Tunisia and part review of the available literature. There are a host of governmental and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that are involved in the mediation of conflicts and peacebuilding, both in formal and informal ways. There is overlap in the principles and goals of peacebuilding and mediation; many organisations conduct both practices, intermingling them. Local, regional, national and international actors have applied mediation and peacebuilding to many different types of conflict in the past decade in Tunisia, involving varied parties. The case studies included in this rapid review cover conflicts relating to labour and the economy, the environment, basic services, constitutional/political disputes, and women’s rights. They involve local communities, the unemployed national and regional trade unions, civil society organisations (CSOs), national utility and mineral companies, and political parties.
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Smyth, Ines. Transformative Leadership for Women's Rights (TLWR): Lessons and recommendations from Oxfam's experiences. Oxfam, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2018.2289.

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The aim of promoting gender equality and women’s rights as integral parts of development efforts is enshrined in the key strategies and plans of many organizations. This is the case for the individual affiliates that comprise Oxfam International (OI), and the Oxfam confederation as a whole. This report sets out to assist Oxfam to better understand and learn from the Confederation’s work in this area to date. The purpose of the report is to provide an initial mapping of work on transformative leadership for women's rights (TLWR) in order to offer suggestions, impetus and a programmatic framework for the development of an ambitious global program on TLWR. It is intended to complement and drive Oxfam’s efforts to bring about the transformation of the pervasive gender inequality that limits women’s wellbeing, confidence and potential, reproduces negative masculinity traits, and contributes to the inequity dominant in contemporary societies.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Drivers of Compliance with International Human Rights Treaties. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.130.

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Are international human rights treaties associated with better rights performance? The appetite for a conclusive answer has driven a number of large scale quantitative studies that have broadly shown little or no effect, and sometimes even a backsliding. However, the headline conclusions belie much more complicated findings, and the research methods used are controversial. These issues undermine confidence in the findings. Comparative and individual case studies allow for more detailed information about how domestic human rights activists use international human rights laws in practice. They tend to be more positive about the effect of treaties, but they are not as systematic as the quantitative work. Some indirect measures of treaty effect show that the norms contained within them filter down into domestic constitutions, and that the process of human rights reporting at the UN may be useful if dialogue can be considered an a priori good. It is likely that states are driven to comply with human rights obligations through a combination of dynamic influences. Drivers of compliance with international law is a major, unresolved question in the research that is heavily influenced by the worldview of researchers. The two strongest findings are: Domestic context drives compliance. In particular: (1) The strength of domestic non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and links with international NGOs (INGOs), and (2) in partial and transitioning democracies where locals have a reason to use the treaties as tools to press their claims. External enforcement may help drive compliance when: (1) other states link human rights obligations in the treaties to preferential trade agreements, and (2) INGOs ‘name and shame’ human rights violations, possibly reducing inward investment flows from companies worried about their reputation. Scholars also identify intermediate effects of continued dialogue and norm socialisation from the UN’s human rights reporting processes. Interviews with diplomats involved in UN reporting say that the process is more effective when NGOs and individual governments are involved.
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Zilberman, David, and Eithan Hochman. Price Evaluation and Allocation of Water under Alternative Water Rights Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561062.bard.

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This project developed conceptual and empirical frameworks to analyze the water management politics as water scarcity increases. The analyses showed that increased scarcity will tend to encourage a transition from systems in which water is allocated administratively to water trading. However, transaction costs and political economy considerations placed barriers on the introduction of markets. The recent droughts - both in Israel and California were shown to cause an increase in water use efficiency by adoption of modern technologies and improvement of water conveyance systems. The drought led to institutional innovations and an increased reliance on trading as mechanisms for water allocation. Case studies from both countries demonstrate that reducing barriers to water trading and increasing farmers' flexibility in exchange of water will lead to efficient outcomes and much better uses of existing water resources.
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Johnson, Vicky, Tessa Lewin, and Mariah Cannon. Learning from a Living Archive: Rejuvenating Child and Youth Rights and Participation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/rejuvenate.2020.001.

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This paper reflects the findings of the first phase of the REJUVENATE project, which set out to understand and map approaches to integrating children, youth, and community participation in child rights initiatives. We did this through a scoping of existing practitioner and academic literature (developing a project-based literature review matrix), a mapping of key actors, and the development of a typology of existing approaches. All three of these elements were brought together into a ‘living archive’, which is an evolving database that currently comprises 100 matrices, and a ‘collection’ of key field practitioners (many of whom we have interviewed for this project). In this paper we: (1) present a user-friendly summary of the existing tradition of substantive children’s participation in social change work; (2) share case studies across various sectors and regions of the world; (3) highlight ongoing challenges and evidence gaps; and (4) showcase expert opinions on the inclusion of child rights and, in particular, child/youth-led approaches in project-based work.
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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.

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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
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Carty, Anthony, and Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.

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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.
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Beach, Rachel, and Vanessa van den Boogaard. Tax and Governance in the Context of Scarce Revenues: Inefficient Tax Collection and its Implications in Rural West Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.005.

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In recent years, domestic and international policy attention has often focused on broadening the tax base in order to include a greater share of the population in the ‘tax net’. This is based, in part, on the hope that the expansion of taxation will result in positive ‘governance dividends’ for taxpayers. However, the implications of extending the tax base in rural areas in low-income countries has been insufficiently considered. Through the case studies of Togo, Benin, and Sierra Leone, we demonstrate that extending taxation to rural areas is often highly inefficient, leading to few, if any, revenue gains when factoring in the costs of collection. Where revenues exceed the costs of collection, they often only cover local government salaries with little remaining for the provision of public goods and services. The implications of rural tax collection inefficiency are thus significant for revenue mobilisation, governance and public service delivery, accountability relationships with citizens, and taxpayer expectations of the state. Accordingly, we question the rationale for extending taxation to rural citizens in low-income countries. Instead, we argue for a reconceptualisation of the nature of the fiscal social contract, disentangling the concept of the social contract from the individual. Rather, a collective social contract places greater emphasis on the taxation of wealth and redistribution and recognises that basic rights of citizenship are not, or should not, be contingent on paying direct taxes to the government. Rather than expanding taxation, we argue for the expansion of political voice and rights to rural citizens, through a ‘services-first’ approach.
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Goswami, Amlanjyoti, Sudeshna Mitra, Deepika Jha, Kaye Lushington, and Sahil Sasidharan. Land Records Modernisation in India: An Institutional, Legal & Policy Review. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195489305.

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This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems at the national level. Introducing property records and patterns of ownership in India, it provides an overview of various central government schemes promoting land records modernisation. It discusses the systemic and legal characteristics of land records and the proposed shift to conclusive land titling system, drawing attention to issues of tenure and property rights, especially in the urban and peri-urban context. Presenting multiple case studies on ongoing modernisation initiatives in some of the study states, the volumes also looks at the roles of multiple institutional stakeholders and the interfaces between them. Operational challenges faced in this transition to technology have also been discussed, in an attempt to bring out an overall picture of crucial issues and best practices across state-level diversities. The objective is to highlight the possibility of multiple trajectories and look at ways in which states can learn from each other by sharing experiences, while simultaneously acknowledging that there are certain issues that are typical of a particular state and must be resolved via deeper engagement with the local terrain.
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