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Journal articles on the topic 'Women's cancers'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 August 2023

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1

Johnston, Carolyn. "Focusing on women's cancers." Lancet 349, no. 9052 (March 1997): 658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61620-0.

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Silva, Catarina, Rosa Perestrelo, Pedro Silva, Filipa Capelinha, Helena Tomás, and José S. Câmara. "Volatomic pattern of breast cancer and cancer-free tissues as a powerful strategy to identify potential biomarkers." Analyst 144, no. 14 (2019): 4153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an00263d.

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3

The Lancet. "Keeping watch on women's cancers." Lancet 385, no. 9980 (May 2015): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60911-4.

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Fearon, Abbie E., Charlotte R. Gould, and Richard P. Grose. "FGFR signalling in women's cancers." International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 45, no. 12 (December 2013): 2832–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2013.09.017.

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Frank, Thomas S., and Gregory C. Critchfield. "Hereditary risk of women's cancers." Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 16, no. 5 (October 2002): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/beog.2002.0313.

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Antone, Nicoleta, Darya Kizub, Julie Gralow, Jo Anne Zujewski, and Allison Dvaladze. "Identifying Facilitators and Barriers to Patient Advocacy for Women's Cancers: Findings from Eastern Europe/Central Asia WE CAN Summits." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 3 (October 2018): 3s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.10010.

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Purpose Patient advocacy plays an important role in alerting policymakers to the public’s concerns about women's cancers and advancing cancer awareness, early diagnosis and care in high-income countries. Patient advocacy for women's cancers is growing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) but remains less developed and understudied. This study aimed to describe facilitators and barriers to advocacy from the point of view of advocates for women's cancers participating in Eastern Europe/Central Asia Women's Empowerment Cancer Advocacy Network (WE CAN) Summits. Methods We conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with participants representing cancer advocacy organizations from 14 countries attending the 7th Eastern Europe and Central Asia Women’s Empowerment Cancer Advocacy Network (WE CAN) Breast and Cervical Cancer Advocacy Summit held in Romania in 2015. Discussions and interviews were recorded and transcriptions were coded and analyzed. Findings were presented and discussed at the 8th WE CAN EE/CA Summit in Ukraine in 2017. Results Nine in-depth interviews and three focus groups with a total of 36 participants were conducted. Challenges to advocacy included limited collaboration with the medical community, government, and local authorities; a lack of trust between survivors, physicians, and policymakers; difficulty in adapting existing early diagnosis and treatment recommendations to local context and resources; limited organizational professionalism and program monitoring; societal stigma toward cancer; and limited funding. Key facilitators included highly committed staff and volunteers, effective collaboration, and use of social media for networking and to obtain clinical information. Conclusion Our findings highlight the challenges and facilitators of patient advocacy in the Eastern Europe/Central Asia region, involving patient support groups, advocacy organizations, health care systems, policymaking, and societal attitudes and cancer awareness. To advance patient advocacy for women's cancers in the region, the following needs were identified: the dissemination of resourceadapted information for improving patient outcomes, improved program monitoring, and improved dialogue between survivors, medical professionals, and local governments. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . Julie Gralow Consulting or Advisory Role: Puma, Novartis, Genentech/Roche, Pfizer, Merck, Sandoz, Astra Zeneca, Immunomedics Darya Kizub Employment: Everett Clinic Jo Anne Zujewski Employment: Leidos (part time as an independent contractor for Leidos in support of NCI Center for Global Health) Consulting or Advisory Role: performed consulting services for PMK biomedical and BeyondSpring Pharmaceutical
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7

Tse, Dan. "Abstract 4154: mRNA-based immunotherapies to treat women's cancers." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 4154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4154.

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Abstract With its ability to potentially code for any given protein, peptide and fragments, synthetic mRNA has landed itself a broad range of cancer immunotherapy applications, including costimulatory receptors, therapeutic antibodies, vaccines, and cytokines able to change the tumor microenvironment.We have been able to leverage our mRNA platform to generate a vaccine for HPV-associated cervical cancer (CC), as well as an immune-stimulatory cytokine for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), both diseases that disproportionately affects minorities who do not participate in routine medical screenings and contribute to disparity in mortality beyond individual risk factors.IL-12 is a potent pro-inflammatory type 1 cytokine with potential to enter the clinical practice as immunotherapy for cancer. Its use in the form of recombinant protein and/or DNA plasmid has been hampered by issues with systemic toxicity or protein bioavailability within the tumor. To overcome these roadblocks, we developed a novel secreted single chain IL-12p70 mRNA. Intra-tumoral dosing of this mRNA induced tumor regression in a syngeneic and orthotopic mouse model of TNBC. Almost all cervical cancers are HPV (human papilloma virus) associated. We have developed a therapeutic vaccine, based on a single mRNA coding for two de-risked antigens, that is able to induce a T cell response against the oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 of the most common serotype (HPV16). When injected intramuscularly in mice bearing C3.43 masses, this vaccine suppressed tumor growth and generated immunological memory.Currently, these women’s cancers do not have a cure or an effective standard of care. With an efficacy that relies on a few injections and non-invasive routes of administration, we believe our innovative RNA-based pharmaceuticals might close some treatment gaps. Citation Format: Dan Tse. mRNA-based immunotherapies to treat women's cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4154.
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8

Marlow, L. A. V. "Women's understanding of gynaecological cancers and gynaecological cancer screening." Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 37, no. 4 (September 16, 2011): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jfprhc-2011-100157.

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9

Eaton, S. Boyd, Malcolm C. Pike, Roger V. Short, Nancy C. Lee, James Trussell, Robert A. Hatcher, James W. Wood, et al. "Women's Reproductive Cancers in Evolutionary Context." Quarterly Review of Biology 69, no. 3 (September 1994): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/418650.

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10

Fackelmann, K. A. "Male Cancers Raise Women's Breast Risks." Science News 142, no. 6 (August 8, 1992): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3976741.

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11

O'Shaughnessy, Joyce, and Ignace Vergote. "Optimising therapeutic options for women's cancers." European Journal of Cancer Supplements 5, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70008-3.

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12

Coebergh, Jan W. "What global protection against women's cancers?" Lancet 378, no. 9801 (October 2011): 1442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61459-1.

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13

Evcili, Funda, and Mine Bekar. "Prevention of gynecological cancers: the affecting factors and knowledge levels of Turkish women." Journal of Health Research 34, no. 5 (March 19, 2020): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-07-2019-0171.

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PurposeGynecological cancers are preventable and treatable diseases in case of early diagnosis. However, lack of knowledge is one of the factors preventing women from benefiting from early diagnosis. Increasing women's knowledge of gynecological cancers contributes to improving the health of both women and the community. The purpose of this research study was to determine the affecting factors and knowledge level of Turkish women-related gynecological cancer prevention.Design/methodology/approachThis was a cross-sectional descriptive study and was carried out at a state hospital's outpatient clinic between May and June 2019. The sampling included 496 women who are not diagnosed with gynecological cancer in the individual or in the family. Data were collected using the personal information form and Gynecological Cancer Prevention Information Scale (GCPIS). Data were evaluated using the SPSS 22.0 software program. Frequencies, mean and standard deviation were used for the descriptive variables. For the data that met the parametric conditions, those with two groups were analyzed using independent samples t-tests and those with more than two groups were analyzed using F-test.FindingsIn this study, the GCPIS total mean score of women was found 16.22 ± 8.21 (min: 0, max: 35). A statistically significant difference was found between the women's level of knowledge according to the age group of the participants, education level, economic status perception, regular pap-smear test, regular vulva examination and getting information about prevention from gynecologic cancers (p < 0.05).Research limitations/implicationsThis study was conducted on a group of Turkish women and cannot be generalized to other cultures.Practical implicationsThis study can be beneficial for determining the Turkish women's knowledge levels about gynecological cancers of women and for providing data for health education programs planning to be created.Social implicationsThe data of this study can be used to improve women's knowledge and examination skills of gynecological cancers. Thus, the quality of life of women can be improved.Originality/valueHealthcare professionals can play vital roles in presenting needed knowledge about gynecological cancers and raising awareness in women. It is extremely important for women to be informed about gynecological cancers for prevention of gynecological cancers and health improvement.
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Thaker, Premal H., Anil K. Sood, and Lois M. Ramondetta. "Importance of adrenergic pathways in women's cancers." Cancer Biomarkers 13, no. 3 (July 25, 2013): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/cbm-130324.

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15

McCarthy, P. "Re: Healthy People 2000 Review: Women's Cancers." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 89, no. 2 (January 15, 1997): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/89.2.171-a.

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16

Klein, R. "Stat Bite Healthy people 2000 Review: Women's Cancers." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 88, no. 20 (October 16, 1996): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.20.1427.

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17

Poer, S., and S. Erickson. "Congressional Committee Explores Alternative Medicine And Women's Cancers." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 91, no. 14 (July 21, 1999): 1189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/91.14.1189.

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18

Manderson, Lenore, Milica Markovic, and Michael Quinn. "“Like roulette”: Australian women's explanations of gynecological cancers." Social Science & Medicine 61, no. 2 (July 2005): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.052.

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19

Kristjansdottir, Katrin, and Don Dizon. "HER-dimerization inhibitors: evaluating pertuzumab in women's cancers." Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 10, no. 2 (December 10, 2009): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14712590903514090.

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20

Hasan, Faten, Erin Kennedy, Kristin Guertin, Roger Anderson, Wendy Cohn, Jamie Zoellner, and Sibylle Kranz. "Diet Quality and Inflammatory Index Score Among Women's Cancer Survivors." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab051_020.

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Abstract Objectives In 2018, women's cancers accounted for 38.6% of new cases and 26.9% of cancer deaths in females worldwide. The risk of recurrence is partially attributed to lifestyle factors linked to inflammation, including diet quality. Adherence to U.S Department of Agriculture Dietary Guidelines, measured with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), and consuming an anti-inflammatory diet, measured with the Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), are found to improve quality of life and reduce recurrence risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate HEI-2015 and E-DII scores in women's cancer survivors. Methods Survivors of women's cancers (N = 52, 65 ± 12 yrs) were recruited to complete a demographic questionnaire and three 24-hour dietary recalls using the Nutrient Data System for Research (NDSR). HEI-2015 and E-DII scores were calculated from average intakes. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between demographic factors (age, BMI, education, rurality, income, financial security, years since active treatment, and weight goals) and HEI-2015 and E-DII scores. Pearson Correlation was used to examine correlation between the two. Results On average, HEI-2015 score was 55 ± 13.5 (29.7–84.6), lower than the national average, and E-DII score was -1.14 ± 2.24 (−5.66–3.22). 54% of women had anti- inflammatory (&lt;−1), 17% had pro-inflammatory (&gt;1), and 29% women had relatively neutral (−1 to 1) diets. Women with a graduate degree (P = 0.03) and who completed treatment more than 4 years prior (P = 0.01) had higher HEI-2015 scores. There were no associations between SES and E-DII scores. Most notably, higher diet quality was associated with more anti-inflammatory diets (r = −0.67, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions While diet quality of women cancer survivors is comparatively low, the association with its inflammatory potential is a promising avenue for preventing recurrence. Higher E-DII scores are correlated with increased inflammatory markers, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome risk, greater risk ratio and 75% increased mortality for several cancers. Guidelines for reducing inflammation will allow Registered Dietitians to provide specific, evidence-based oncology nutrition services, such as education, counseling, and medical nutrition therapy (MNT). Funding Sources This was funded by the University of Virginia Cancer Center.
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Sherman, Mark E., Miriam Levi, and Lauren R. Teras. "Reproductive Events and Risk of Women's Cancers: From Parturition to Prevention." Cancer Prevention Research 16, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0138.

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Abstract Reproductive events beginning with pregnancy and ending with remodeling of the breast after cessation of breastfeeding alter breast structure and function and produce dramatic changes in systemic biology. In aggregate, these processes lower overall risk for breast, tubo-ovarian and endometrial cancers, albeit differentially by molecular subtypes of these tumors. Herein, we explore opportunities for research on protective mechanisms operative during this period of the life course, with the goal of encouraging studies to advance cancer prevention. See related article by Getz et al., p. 353
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Jones, Sandra C., and Keryn Johnson. "Women'S Awareness of Cancer Symptoms: A Review of the Literature." Women's Health 8, no. 5 (September 2012): 579–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/whe.12.42.

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Improvements in cancer detection and treatment have led to consistent declines in mortality from many cancers. However, many patients present for treatment at a point where more invasive treatment is required and/or treatment outcomes are less than optimal. One factor that has been consistently shown to be associated with late diagnosis and treatment is delay in seeking help for symptoms. This paper reviews the literature on women's awareness of cancer symptoms and aims to identify knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in order to improve help-seeking behaviors. The discovery of substantial gaps in awareness suggest a need for improved community education regarding cancer symptoms.
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Tarallo, Phyllis A. "Developing a Women's Health Cancer Prevention Program in a Liver Transplant Center." Clinical Scholars Review 5, no. 1 (April 2012): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1939-2095.5.1.39.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected in 90% of cervical cancers. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer found in women in developed countries and the second most common in underdeveloped countries. People that undergo organ transplant have a high risk of developing other malignancies, depending on the duration and strength of immunosuppressive therapy. This article presents development and implementation of a women's health cancer prevention program in a liver transplant center.
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Breuer, Eun-Kyoung Yim, and Mandi M. Murph. "The Role of Proteomics in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Women's Cancers: Current Trends in Technology and Future Opportunities." International Journal of Proteomics 2011 (July 25, 2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/373584.

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Technological and scientific innovations over the last decade have greatly contributed to improved diagnostics, predictive models, and prognosis among cancers affecting women. In fact, an explosion of information in these areas has almost assured future generations that outcomes in cancer will continue to improve. Herein we discuss the current status of breast, cervical, and ovarian cancers as it relates to screening, disease diagnosis, and treatment options. Among the differences in these cancers, it is striking that breast cancer has multiple predictive tests based upon tumor biomarkers and sophisticated, individualized options for prescription therapeutics while ovarian cancer lacks these tools. In addition, cervical cancer leads the way in innovative, cancer-preventative vaccines and multiple screening options to prevent disease progression. For each of these malignancies, emerging proteomic technologies based upon mass spectrometry, stable isotope labeling with amino acids, high-throughput ELISA, tissue or protein microarray techniques, and click chemistry in the pursuit of activity-based profiling can pioneer the next generation of discovery. We will discuss six of the latest techniques to understand proteomics in cancer and highlight research utilizing these techniques with the goal of improvement in the management of women's cancers.
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Allemani, C. "Women's Cancers: Prospects for a World-Wide High-Resolution Study Targeted to Cancer Control." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 83s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.64400.

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Background: Breast, ovarian and cervical cancers are a major public health problem world-wide. CONCORD-3 has updated cancer survival trends to 2014 for 18 malignancies, including breast (women), cervix and ovary (15-99 years). World-wide differences in survival from these cancers are striking. Inequalities in survival also exist between and within high-income countries. Aim: The aim is to assess the extent to which variations in the patterns of care explain the world-wide inequalities in survival and the number of avoidable premature deaths. Methods: The CONCORD-3 database includes incidence and follow-up data from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries for 37,513,025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 malignancies during the 15 years 2000-2014, including 7,948,798 women diagnosed with a cancer of the breast, cervix or ovary. I propose to enhance the CONCORD database: 1) by collecting and analyzing detailed data from the medical records (e.g., stage at diagnosis, staging procedures, first course of treatment and, where available, prognostic biomarkers) of women diagnosed with breast, ovarian or cervical cancer in at least two countries per continent, in the most recent year during 2010-2014 for which data are available. 2) by estimating the number of avoidable premature deaths that are attributable to inequalities in five-year survival between and within countries. Results: I will present the protocol for data collection and analysis for discussion. This will include plans for a pilot study to assess the availability of high-resolution data world-wide. Conclusion: The UICC World Cancer Congress will be an ideal platform to discuss and refine the study design with cancer registry colleagues and experts in cancer control and public health from 150 countries. The insights from this project will contribute to the planning and implementation of cancer control strategies for women's cancers.
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Greener, Mark. "Insights into female cancer." Independent Nurse 2022, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/indn.2022.3.13.

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27

Ballinger, TJ, Z. Djuric, S. Sardesai, K. Hovey, C. Andrews, TM Braskey, TE Rohan, et al. "Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Obesity-Associated Cancers in the Women's Health Initiative." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 31, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0475.

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Purpose: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) inhibit fatty acid synthase (FAS), a critical enzyme in lipogenesis, energy balance, and cancer cell survival. We aimed to evaluate the association of PPI use with incidence of common obesity- related cancers in women: postmenopausal breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. Methods: Our study included 124,931 postmenopausal who were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) observational study and clinical trials, and had responded to a year 3 follow-up assessment. We examined prescription and over the counter use of PPI and/or histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) at baseline and year 3, to isolate potential effects of FAS inhibition by PPI rather than simply acid suppression. Incident cancer cases were physician-adjudicated. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between PPI and/or H2RA use and cancer incidence after year 3. Results: There were 7956 PPI ever users (with or without H2RA use) and 9398 H2RA only users. PPI or H2RA use was not associated with risk of breast cancer (n=9186 cases), compared to women who did not use either agent (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.93-1.10 and HR 0.95 95% CI 0.87-1.03, respectively). The incidence of colorectal cancer (n=2280) was significantly lower in PPI users (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61-0.92), but not in H2RA users (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.97-1.31). This association was strengthened with increasing duration (p=0.006) and potency (p=0.005) of PPI use and held regardless of BMI or NSAID use. PPI or H2RA use was not associated with endometrial cancer (n=1231) (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.61-1.07 and HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.91-1.40, respectively), but showed a trend in decreased risk with increasing PPI potency (P=0.048). Conclusions: Among postmenopausal women, PPI use, but not H2RA use, demonstrated an inverse, dose-responsive association with colorectal cancer incidence. This was consistent with preclinical data that FAS inhibition prevents colon cancer progression and supports further investigation of this commonly used medication as a cancer preventive agent. PPI use was not associated with incidence of breast or endometrial cancer.
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Saint-Ghislain, Mathilde, Chloé Levenbruck, and Audrey Bellesoeur. "Adverse events of targeted therapies approved for women's cancers." International Journal of Women's Dermatology 7, no. 5 (December 2021): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.10.006.

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Alvarez Secord, Angeles, and Christine S. Walsh. "Summary of the 44th Annual Meeting on Women's Cancers." Gynecologic Oncology 129, no. 2 (May 2013): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.03.028.

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Rimel, B. J., J. Lester, C. Dang, L. Sabacan, D. Park, and B. Y. Karlan. "A novel clinical trial recruitment strategy for women's cancers." Gynecologic Oncology 133 (June 2014): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.373.

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Olawaiye, Alexander B., and Carolyn Y. Muller. "Summary of the 45th Annual Meeting on Women's Cancers." Gynecologic Oncology 133, no. 3 (June 2014): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.04.041.

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Brewster, Wendy R., and William Cliby. "Summary of the 2011 Annual Meeting on Women's Cancers." Gynecologic Oncology 122, no. 1 (July 2011): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.03.029.

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Manchanda, Ranjit. "Advances in the screening and prevention of Women's cancers." Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 65 (May 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.03.008.

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Abdel-Wahab, M., D. Paez, E. Zubizarreta, and A. Polo. "Improving Access to Treatment of Gynecologic Cancers/Cervix Cancers." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 150s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.70700.

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Aim and purpose: The session aims at outlining actions that the healthcare community can take to improve the current situation and inform cervix cancer control plans. Highlighting the need to address opportunities in the prevention and management of cervix cancer, the session will provide guidance on primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and management of cervix cancer and will discuss the role of radiotherapy, while showcasing examples of collaboration. Audiences: Healthcare professionals with a special interest in women's cancers/cervix cancer and healthcare services planning. Cancer care advocates and patients advocates Decision makers involved in the planning of health care services Stakeholders in LMICs Suggested panel participants: Cherian Varghese, WHO Topic “The UN Joint Global Programme on Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control” The speaker will present this important initiative that builds on the world's collective endeavors so that in a generation, death from cervical cancer ceases to be a public health issue. Kennedy Lishimpi Topic, “Case study: Zambia” Illustrate how Zambia went from having no radiotherapy facilities to being able to offer up-to-date treatment to cancer patients Lusaka, Zambia Ted Trimble, NCI Topic, “NCI Activities in Support of Cervical Cancer” To present the important initiatives of the NCI/NHI to tackle the burden of gynecologic cancers Bethesda, Maryland May Abdel-Wahab, IAEA Topic, “International Program Results on the Ground in Support of Cervical Cancer” The speaker will present available support cooperation, education and training, and the need for enhanced safety and quality and use an example of interventions in Africa.
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Bairros, Fernanda Souza de, Stela Nazareth Meneghel, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Diego Garcia Bassani, Ana Maria Baptista Menezes, Denise Petrucci Gigante, and Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto. "Racial inequalities in access to women's health care in southern Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 27, no. 12 (December 2011): 2364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2011001200008.

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The aim of this population-based cross-sectional study was to investigate access by 20 to 60 year-old women - both black and white - to early detection (pap-smear) exams for breast and cervical cancer in two towns - São Leopoldo and Pelotas - in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Estimates of the association between race/color and access to pap-smear and breast exams were adjusted for income, education, economic class and age. Of the 2,030 women interviewed, 16.1% were black and 83.9%, white. Black women were significantly less likely to have had a pap-smear and/or breast exam than white women. Racial inequalities in access to cancer early detection exams persisted after controlling for age and other socioeconomic factors. Racial differentials in access to early detection (pap-smear) exams for breast and cervical cancers might result from racial and socioeconomic inequalities experienced by black women in access to reproductive health care services and programs.
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Hadley, Donald W., Jean F. Jenkins, Seth M. Steinberg, David Liewehr, Stephanie Moller, Jean C. Martin, Kathleen A. Calzone, Peter W. Soballe, and Ilan R. Kirsch. "Perceptions of Cancer Risks and Predictors of Colon and Endometrial Cancer Screening in Women Undergoing Genetic Testing for Lynch Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, no. 6 (February 20, 2008): 948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.13.0575.

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Purpose Lynch syndrome poses multiple cancer risks, yet attention has focused on screening for colorectal cancer. Estimated risks for endometrial cancer equal risks for colorectal cancer. This study (1) evaluated women's perceived risks for cancers, (2) compared endometrial cancer screening and colonoscopy, and (3) identified predictors of screening before and after genetic testing. Patients and Methods Sixty-five adult women at 50% risk for carrying a cancer-predisposing mutation, without a history of endometrial cancer or hysterectomy, participated in genetic counseling and received unequivocal genetic test results for Lynch syndrome. Participants completed questionnaires before and after receipt of genetic results. Results Pretest, perceived risks for colon cancer were significantly higher than for extracolonic cancers (P < .0001). Use of colonoscopy was significantly higher (P = .006) than endometrial cancer screening. Post-test, carriers demonstrated a significant (P < .0001) increase in their perceived risk for extracolonic cancers and increased both colonoscopy (P = .79) and endometrial cancer screening (P = .11). Mutation status, age, perceived likelihood of carrying a mutation, and communication of test results to their physician independently predicted cancer screening at follow-up. Conclusion Women in families with Lynch syndrome are less aware of their risks for extracolonic cancers and undergo endometrial cancer screening significantly less often than colonoscopy before genetic counseling. Given the significantly increased risks for endometrial and ovarian cancers and the mortality associated with ovarian cancer, additional efforts to inform families of cancer risks and screening recommendations seem prudent. Physicians play a critical role in ensuring appropriate cancer screening in women with Lynch syndrome.
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FRANK, THOMAS S., and GREGORY C. CRITCHFIELD. "Inherited Risk of Women's Cancers: What's Changed for the Practicing Physician?" Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 45, no. 3 (September 2002): 671–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-200209000-00011.

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38

Dizon, Don S., Joanna Schwartz, Adam Rojan, Jane Miller, Leslie Pires, Paul DiSilvestro, Mary E. Gordinier, Richard Moore, Cornelius O. Granai, and Robert D. Legare. "Cross-sensitivity between paclitaxel and docetaxel in a women's cancers program." Gynecologic Oncology 100, no. 1 (January 2006): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.08.004.

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Randall, Thomas C., Linus Chuang, ElkanahOmenge Orang'o, Barry Rosen, Francois Uwinkindi, Timothy Rebbeck, and Edward L. Trimble. "Strengthening care and research for women's cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa." Gynecologic Oncology Reports 21 (August 2017): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gore.2017.06.002.

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40

Karra, Prasoona, Maci Winn, Garnet Anderson, Benjamin Haaland, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Marian Neuhouser, Rebecca Seguin-Fowler, et al. "Abstract 6454: Metabolic obesity phenotype and risk of obesity-related cancers in the women's health initiative." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 6454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6454.

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Abstract Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) may misclassify obesity-related cancer (ORC) risk since metabolic dysfunction can exist at any BMI. We measured the association of metabolic dysfunction, independent of BMI with risk of ORC. Methods: Study included 60% white and 34% black Women’s Health Initiative participants with available baseline cardiovascular disease biomarkers. Metabolic obesity phenotypes were classified as normal weight with no metabolic dysfunction (NWNMD), normal weight with metabolic dysfunction (NWMD), overweight/obese with no metabolic dysfunction (OONMD) and overweight/obese with metabolic dysfunction (OOMD) when defined by Wildman and ATP III criteria. We performed a Cox proportional hazards regression with death as a competing risk adjusting for confounders. Results: Defining by Wildman and ATP III criteria, 17.0%, 6.5%, 31.0%, 45.0%; and 22.2%, 2.4%, 41% and 35% were NWNMD, NWMD, OONMD and OOMD respectively. The risk of all ORC combined was elevated among NWMD (HR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.90-1.39), OONMD (HR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.00-1.32) and OOMD (HR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.18-1.54) when compared to NWNMD using Wildman criteria. Results were similar when defined by ATP III, hs-CRP and HOMA-IR. When stratified by cancer type, NWMD were at increased risk of colorectal cancer when compared to NWNMD (HR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.02-2.82). Individuals who were overweight/obese were at increased risk of cancer for all cancer types though the effect estimates were lower among OONMD phenotype. Conclusions: NWMD and OOMD individuals are at increased risk of all ORC combined, independent of BMI status when compared to individuals with NWNMD. Citation Format: Prasoona Karra, Maci Winn, Garnet Anderson, Benjamin Haaland, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Marian Neuhouser, Rebecca Seguin-Fowler, Cynthia A. Thomson, Mace Coday, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Marcia L. Stefanick, Xiaochen Zhang, Ting-Yuan David Cheng, Shama Karanth, Yangbo Sun, Nazmus Saquib, Margaret Pichado, Su Yon Jung, Fred Tabung, Scott A. Summers, William L. Holland, Thunder Jalili, Marc Gunter, Sheetal Hardikar, Mary C. Playdon. Metabolic obesity phenotype and risk of obesity-related cancers in the women's health initiative [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6454.
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McLaughlin, Patricia J., and Ian S. Zagon. "Novel treatment for triple-negative breast and ovarian cancer: endogenous opioid suppression of women's cancers." Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 14, no. 3 (January 8, 2014): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737140.2014.867234.

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Boggs, Deborah A., Lynn Rosenberg, Lucile L. Adams-Campbell, and Julie R. Palmer. "Prospective Approach to Breast Cancer Risk Prediction in African American Women: The Black Women's Health Study Model." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 9 (March 20, 2015): 1038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.57.2750.

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Purpose Breast cancer risk prediction models have underestimated risk for African American women, contributing to lower recruitment rates in prevention trials. A model previously developed for African American women was found to underestimate risk in the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS). Methods We developed a breast cancer risk model for African American women using relative risks derived from 10 years of follow-up of BWHS participants age 30 to 69 years at baseline. Using the subsequent 5 years of follow-up data, we evaluated calibration as the ratio of expected to observed number of breast cancers and assessed discriminatory accuracy using the concordance statistic. Results The BWHS model included family history, previous biopsy, body mass index at age 18 years, age at menarche, age at first birth, oral contraceptive use, bilateral oophorectomy, estrogen plus progestin use, and height. There was good agreement between predicted and observed number of breast cancers overall (expected-to-observed ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.05) and in most risk factor categories. Discriminatory accuracy was higher for women younger than age 50 years (area under the curve [AUC], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.65) than for women age ≥ 50 years (AUC, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.59). Using a 5-year predicted risk of 1.66% or greater as a cut point, 2.8% of women younger than 50 years old and 32.2% of women ≥ 50 years old were classified as being at elevated risk of invasive breast cancer. Conclusion The BWHS model was well calibrated overall, and the predictive ability was best for younger women. The proportion of women predicted to meet the 1.66% cut point commonly used to determine eligibility for breast cancer prevention trials was greatly increased relative to previous models.
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Woo, Han Min, Kyung Mi Kim, Man Ho Choi, Byung Hwa Jung, Jeongae Lee, Gu Kong, Seok Jin Nam, Sunghoon Kim, Sang Wook Bai, and Bong Chul Chung. "Mass spectrometry based metabolomic approaches in urinary biomarker study of women's cancers." Clinica Chimica Acta 400, no. 1-2 (February 2009): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2008.10.014.

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Abdel-Hadi, Mona, Adel Khalaf, Hanaa Aboulkassem, Noha Naeem, Mohamed Abdel Baqy, and Hassan Sallam. "Cervical intraepithelial lesions in females attending Women's Health Clinics in Alexandria, Egypt." CytoJournal 12 (June 23, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.159240.

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Background: Data from Egyptian studies provide widely varying estimates on the prevalence of preinvasive cervical lesions. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Egyptian women living in Alexandria to clarify the need for implementing a national organized screening program and a vaccination program in our community. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a 6 years period and covered the different socioeconomic levels to have a representative sample for women living in Alexandria. All women included did not have any cervical disorder related complaints. Conventional Pap smears were obtained and diagnosed using the Bethesda system. Women with abnormal Pap smears were managed according to the 2006 consensus guidelines within the available facilities. Persistent abnormal cytological results were referred for colposcopic biopsy. Histological results were grouped into: Reactive changes, CIN 1, CIN 2/CIN 3 and adenocarcinoma in-situ (AIS). Results: Out of the 6173 smears included in the study 6072 (98.36%) were normal and only 101 (1.63%) were abnormal. After colposcopic biopsies, 0.08% had CIN 1, 0.03% had CIN 2, 3 and 0.01% had AIS. Conclusion: We concluded that cervical cancer screening programs, although life-saving for a number of women, are not a sufficiently high priority in our community. Money for national health screening programs should preferably be directed more towards recruiting women for breast cancer screening, since breast cancer accounts for about 33% of all female cancers in Egypt ranking number one, while cervical cancer ranks number 13.
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Utami, I., and Y. Yulianti. "Evaluation of The Counseling on Breast and Cervical Cancers Screening Among Women in Their Reproductive Age." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 1301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211551301.

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Background: Breast and cervical cancers are one of the leading causes of women's mortality. About 87% of cases of cervical cancer occur in developing countries. Breast cancer has the most increasing number amongst other cancers. Moreover, most of the cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in the late stadium. The late diagnosis of cancer cases is most probably due to a lack of screening at the beginning. Aim: The research aimed to discover the evaluation of breast cancer counseling and cervical cancer screening amongst women of their reproductive age. Methods: This research employed a survey method with a cross-sectional approach. The population and 63 samples were respondents taken using total sampling. The instruments were questionnaires. Results: The results showed that 37 respondents (58.7%) showed fair rates on breast cancer counseling, while 36 respondents (57.1%) gave a fair rating on cervical cancer counseling. Conclusion: This research has proven that women in this study gave fair ratings towards the counseling conducted. It is expected for midwives and health promotion teams to improve the promotional and preventive efforts, especially regarding breast and cervical cancer screening. Besides, women should be active in exploring more information and participating in every activity related to reproductive health, especially breast and cervical cancer screening. Keywords: Counseling Evaluation, Breast Cancer, Cervical Cance
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46

Chlebowski, Rowan T., Anne McTiernan, Jean Wactawski-Wende, JoAnn E. Manson, Aaron K. Aragaki, Thomas Rohan, Eli Ipp, et al. "Diabetes, Metformin, and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 23 (August 10, 2012): 2844–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.39.7505.

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Purpose Emerging evidence suggests that metformin may reduce breast cancer incidence, but reports are mixed and few provide information on tumor characteristics. Therefore, we assessed associations among diabetes, metformin use, and breast cancer in postmenopausal women participating in Women's Health Initiative clinical trials. Patients and Methods In all, 68,019 postmenopausal women, including 3,401 with diabetes at study entry, were observed over a mean of 11.8 years with 3,273 invasive breast cancers diagnosed. Diabetes incidence status was collected throughout follow-up, with medication information collected at baseline and years 1, 3, 6, and 9. Breast cancers were confirmed by review of central medical records and pathology reports. Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for breast cancer risk factors, compared breast cancer incidence in women with diabetes who were metformin users or nonusers with breast cancer incidence in women without diabetes. Results Compared with that in women without diabetes, breast cancer incidence in women with diabetes differed by diabetes medication type (P = .04). Women with diabetes receiving medications other than metformin had a slightly higher incidence of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.45), and women with diabetes who were given metformin had lower breast cancer incidence (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.99). The association was observed for cancers positive for both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and those that were negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Conclusion Metformin use in postmenopausal women with diabetes was associated with lower incidence of invasive breast cancer. These results can inform future studies evaluating metformin use in breast cancer management and prevention.
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Barnard, Mollie E., Xutao Wang, Jessica L. Petrick, W. Evan Johnson, and Julie R. Palmer. "Abstract 3007: Psychosocial stressors and breast cancer gene expression in the Black Women's Health Study." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3007.

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Abstract Introduction: Chronic sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation following exposure to psychosocial stressors may influence cancer risk through dysregulation of immune function or adrenergic signaling pathways. Prior research out of the Black Women’s Health Study (BWHS) reported associations between psychosocial stressors and breast cancer risk. We hypothesized that women with greater exposure to psychosocial stressors before their breast cancer diagnosis have higher tumor gene expression of immune-related and adrenergic signaling pathways. Methods: The BWHS is a large, prospective cohort study that has collected health and lifestyle information biennially since 1995. We included data from 417 BWHS breast cancer cases with RNA sequencing data and information on early-life trauma and neighborhood disadvantage. We used the R package DESeq2 to conduct age-adjusted differential gene expression analyses by levels of each stress exposure and described the top differentially expressed pathways using the Molecular Signature Database REACTOME subset of canonical pathways. Targeted analyses of immune-related pathways used CIBERSORT to quantify the proportions of infiltrating immune cells and the R package GSVA for single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) of genes comprising a T cell exhaustion signature. We also used ssGSEA to evaluate a set of genes involved in adrenergic signaling. Given the variability in gene expression for ER+ versus ER- breast cancers, all analyses were run separately for ER+ (n=299) and ER- (n=118) tumors. Results: Pathways related to nervous system development and the metabolism of RNA were differentially expressed by levels of stress exposures among ER+ and ER- cases, while pathways related to immune function and adrenergic signaling were differentially expressed only among ER- cases, and only when evaluating differential gene expression by levels of neighborhood disadvantage. Targeted analyses of tumor immune infiltration showed significantly higher B cell fractions among ER+ cases without exposure to early trauma compared to those with early trauma. The relative fractions of other immune cells did not differ by stress exposure for ER+ or ER- tumors. Findings from ssGSEA gene set analyses indicated similar expression of genes involved in T cell exhaustion and adrenergic signaling pathways by stress exposure levels for both ER+ and ER- breast cancers. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence of differential gene expression by levels of stress exposure; however, the differential expression may be driven by multiple pathways and not just the hypothesized immune-related and adrenergic signaling pathways. Additional studies are needed to describe mechanisms by which psychosocial stressors may influence breast cancer risk, both overall and by gene expression profile. Citation Format: Mollie E. Barnard, Xutao Wang, Jessica L. Petrick, W. Evan Johnson, Julie R. Palmer. Psychosocial stressors and breast cancer gene expression in the Black Women's Health Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3007.
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Sellers, Thomas A., John D. Potter, Aaron R. Folsom, and G. P. Vogler. "Association of incident lung cancer with family history of female reproductive cancers: The Iowa women's health study." Genetic Epidemiology 8, no. 3 (1991): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gepi.1370080306.

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Simon, Michael S., Rowan T. Chlebowski, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Karen C. Johnson, Andrew Muskovitz, Ikuko Kato, Alicia Young, F. Allan Hubbell, and Ross L. Prentice. "Estrogen Plus Progestin and Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 32 (November 10, 2012): 3983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.42.7732.

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Purpose During the intervention phase in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial, use of estrogen plus progestin reduced the colorectal cancer diagnosis rate, but the cancers were found at a substantially higher stage. To assess the clinical relevance of the findings, analyses of the influence of combined hormone therapy on colorectal cancer incidence and colorectal cancer mortality were conducted after extended follow-up. Patients and Methods The WHI study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 16,608 postmenopausal women with an intact uterus who were randomly assigned to daily 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 8,506) or matching placebo (n = 8,102). Colorectal cancer diagnosis rates and colorectal cancer mortality were assessed. Results After a mean of 5.6 years (standard deviation [SD], 1.03 years) of intervention and 11.6 years (SD, 3.1 years) of total follow-up, fewer colorectal cancers were diagnosed in the combined hormone therapy group compared with the placebo group (diagnoses/year, 0.12% v 0.16%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.94; P = .014). Bowel screening examinations were comparable between groups throughout. Cancers in the combined hormone therapy group more commonly had positive lymph nodes (50.5% v 28.6%; P < .001) and were at higher stage (regional or distant, 68.8% v 51.4%; P = .003). Although not statistically significant, there was a higher number of colorectal cancer deaths in the combined hormone therapy group (37 v 27 deaths; 0.04% v 0.03%; HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.78 to 2.11; P = .320). Conclusion The findings, suggestive of diagnostic delay, do not support a clinically meaningful benefit for combined hormone therapy on colorectal cancer.
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Roy, Sharmistha, Mosammat Mira Pervin, Mohd Mejbahul Bahar, Samiron Kumar Mondal, and Md Tariq Hasan. "Incidence and Patient Profile of Carcinoma Breast Patients Presenting in Surgical OPD in a Tertiary Care Hospital." Faridpur Medical College Journal 15, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v15i2.53890.

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Breast cancer is one of the common cancers in women that causes financial health burden and or death in Bangladesh. Economically we are slowly rising from low to middle income country, which is changing our women's lifestyle. Risk factors of breast cancer include lifestyle factors like- age at first childbirth, parity, using oral contraceptives, BMI; which are also changing in our women. This study will look at our current incidence and patient profile of breast cancer patient. This is a retrospective study done in BIRDEM General Hospital. One hundred patient presenting with breast lump during the period of September 2018 -May 2019 were selected by purposive sampling. In <30 years age group 2 (13.6%) patient had cancer, 41% at <40 years, 53% in 51-60 , 83% in 61-70 age group. Thirty four out of 100 breast lump patient were diagnosed with cancer. Eleven had early cancer, 20 had locally advanced cancer, 3 presented with metastasis. In our study risk factor assessment did not show significant increase risk of in patients who are having cancer compared to those having benign breast disease with similar risk factors. The big number of advance and metastatic breast cancers in our study indicates self-breast examination and breast cancer screening program is still inadequate. Further research is required to find out breast cancer biology and pathogenesis rather than blindly accusing urbanized life style. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2020;15(2): 65-68
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