Journal articles: 'Women’s violence'

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Cardi and Pruvost. "Thinking Women’s Violence." History of the Present 5, no. 2 (2015): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/historypresent.5.2.0200.

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Swan, Suzanne C., Laura J. Gambone, Jennifer E. Caldwell, Tami P. Sullivan, and David L. Snow. "A Review of Research on Women’s Use of Violence With Male Intimate Partners." Violence and Victims 23, no. 3 (June 2008): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.3.301.

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This article provides a review of research literature on women who use violence with intimate partners. The central purpose is to inform service providers in the military and civilian communities who work with domestically violent women. The major points of this review are as follows: (a) women’s violence usually occurs in the context of violence against them by their male partners; (b) in general, women and men perpetrate equivalent levels of physical and psychological aggression, but evidence suggests that men perpetrate sexual abuse, coercive control, and stalking more frequently than women and that women also are much more frequently injured during domestic violence incidents; (c) women and men are equally likely to initiate physical violence in relationships involving less serious “situational couple violence,” and in relationships in which serious and very violent “intimate terrorism” occurs, men are much more likely to be perpetrators and women victims; (d) women’s physical violence is more likely than men’s violence to be motivated by self-defense and fear, whereas men’s physical violence is more likely than women’s to be driven by control motives; (e) studies of couples in mutually violent relationships find more negative effects for women than for men; and (f) because of the many differences in behaviors and motivations between women’s and men’s violence, interventions based on male models of partner violence are likely not effective for many women.

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Temple, Jeff R., Rebecca Weston, and Linda L. Marshall. "Physical and Mental Health Outcomes of Women in Nonviolent, Unilaterally Violent, and Mutually Violent Relationships." Violence and Victims 20, no. 3 (June 2005): 335–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.20.3.335.

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Despite equivocal findings on whether men or women are more violent, the negative impact of violence is greatest for women. To determine how gender asymmetry in perpetration affects women’s health status, we conducted a study in two phases with 835 African American, Euro-American, and Mexican American low-income women in Project HOW: Health Outcomes of Women. In Phase 1, we used severity and frequency of women’s and male partners’ violence to create six groups: nonviolent (NV), uni-directional male (UM) perpetrator, uni-directional female (UF) perpetrator and, when both partners were violent, symmetrical (SYM), male primary perpetrator (MPP), and female primary perpetrator (FPP). The MPP group sustained the most threats, violence, sexual aggression, and psychological abuse. They also reported the most fear. Injury was highest in the MPP and FPP groups. In Phase 2, we examined group differences in women’s health status over time for 535 participants, who completed five annual interviews. Surprisingly, women’s health in the MPP and FPP violence groups was similar and generally worse than if violence was uni-directional.

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Bruton, Crystal, and Danielle Tyson. "Leaving violent men: A study of women’s experiences of separation in Victoria, Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 51, no. 3 (December 7, 2017): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865817746711.

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Despite decades of feminist efforts to educate the community about, and improve responses to, domestic violence, public attitudes towards domestic violence continue to misunderstand women’s experiences of violence. Underlying such responses is the stock standard question, ‘Why doesn’t she leave?’ This question points to a lack of understanding about the impacts and threat of violence from an abusive partner on women’s decisions to leave the relationship. Moreover, it places sole responsibility for ending the relationship squarely upon women, assuming women are presented with numerous opportunities to leave a violent relationship and erroneously assumes the violence will cease once they do leave. This study explores women’s experiences of separating from an abusive, male partner through women’s narratives (n = 12) in Victoria, Australia. Findings reveal that fear was a complex influencing factor impacting upon women’s decision-making throughout the leaving process. The findings show that women seek to exercise agency within the context of their abusers’ coercively controlling tactics by strategically attempting to manage the constraints placed on their decision-making and partner’s repeated attempts to reassert dominance and control.

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Arnell, Linda. "The (Dys)Functionality of Girls’ and Young Women’s Violence." Affilia 32, no. 4 (June 7, 2017): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109917712585.

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This article explores how professionals talk about girls’ and young women’s use of violence; more specifically, how violence is constructed and conceptualized and its effects on social work practice. The data analyzed consist of focus group sessions with 11 professionals within social and youth work. The findings revealed that violence is conceptualized through interpretative repertoires as social functionality, psychological functionality, or dysfunctionality, which affect the professionals’ conceptualizations of violence and social work practice. Accordingly, a multifaceted understanding of violence is needed, otherwise girls’ and young women’s violent acts risk being diminished and made into an individual problem to solved.

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Madhani, Farhana I., Rozina Karmaliani, Cyra Patel, Carla M. Bann, Elizabeth M. McClure, Omrana Pasha, and Robert L. Goldenberg. "Women’s Perceptions and Experiences of Domestic Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 1 (September 29, 2016): 76–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515585533.

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This community-based observational study of 1,325 women seen for antenatal care examined how women in Pakistan define violence against women (VAW), with an emphasis on domestic violence, what an acceptable response to violence is, reasons for remaining silent, and whether participants are willing to disclose incidents of domestic violence to others. Nearly half of the study participants believed that physical violence was VAW. Verbal abuse, controlling behavior by the husband, conflict with in-laws, overburdening domestic work, and threatening to leave or remarry were also considered VAW. However, only five respondents (0.4%) considered sexual abuse to be VAW. Most women who screened positive for domestic violence responded by remaining silent or verbal fighting back. None sought professional help. Women who decided to remain silent feared that the abuse would escalate or that responding would not help them. Women cited social stigma and concerns about the impact of the violence on children as reasons for not disclosing violent incidents to others or seeking professional help. Women’s lack of autonomy further reduced their ability to take steps against violence. Although societal norms, particularly patriarchal beliefs and women’s subordination to men, likely explain women’s tolerance of abuse, their recognition of physical abuse as violence indicates that they do not necessarily believe it is always justified. Educational interventions to drive changes in the social norms around gender violence along with effective and enforceable legal measures are likely required to ensure women’s safety.

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Kreft, Anne-Kathrin. "Responding to sexual violence: Women’s mobilization in war." Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 2 (October 16, 2018): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318800361.

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Gender scholars show that women in situations of civil war have an impressive record of agency in the social and political spheres. Civilian women’s political mobilization during conflict includes active involvement in civil society organizations, such as nongovernmental organizations or social movements, and public articulation of grievances – in political protest, for example. Existing explanations of women’s political mobilization during conflict emphasize the role of demographic imbalances opening up spaces for women. This article proposes a complementary driving factor: women mobilize politically in response to the collective threat that conflict-related sexual violence constitutes to women as a group. Coming to understand sexual violence as a violent manifestation of a patriarchal culture and gender inequalities, women mobilize in response to this violence and around a broader range of women’s issues with the goal of transforming sociopolitical conditions. A case study of Colombia drawing on qualitative interviews illustrates the causal mechanism of collective threat framing in women’s collective mobilization around conflict-related sexual violence. Cross-national statistical analyses lend support to the macro-level implications of the theoretical framework and reveal a positive association between high prevalence of conflict-related rape on the one hand and women’s protest activity and linkages to international women’s nongovernmental organizations on the other.

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Beecheno, Kim. "Faith-Based Organisations as Welfare Providers in Brazil: The Conflict over Gender in Cases of Domestic Violence." Social Inclusion 7, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i2.1977.

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What does the growth of faith-based organisations (FBOs) in social welfare mean for women’s rights and gender equality, especially within advocacy services for women experiencing domestic violence? Through empirical research within a Catholic-based organisation providing welfare services to abused women in São Paulo, Brazil, this article argues that FBOs can negatively impact the provision of women’s rights when conservative and patriarchal views towards gender and women’s roles in society are maintained. A heavily matrifocal perspective, where women’s identity and subjectivity are mediated through their normative roles as wives, mothers and carers of the family, appears to offer little possibility of change for abused women, who are encouraged to forgive violent husbands and question their own behaviour. Mediation between couples is promoted, undermining women’s rights upheld through Brazil’s domestic violence law (Lei Maria da Penha no 11.340). Furthermore, the focus of family preservation, supported by a patriarchal state, means that violence against women (VAW) appears to be subordinated to a focus on family violence and violence against children. In this case, faith-based involvement in social welfare rejects the feminist analysis of VAW as a gender-based problem, viewing it as a personal issue rather than a collective or political issue, making women responsible for the violence in their lives.

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Kruttschnitt, Candace. "Violence By and Against Women: A Comparative and Cross-National Analysis." Violence and Victims 8, no. 3 (January 1993): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.8.3.253.

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Drawing from different kinds and levels of analysis, this article synthesizes current knowledge on women’s violent offending and victimization cross-nationally. Individual-level data indicate characteristics and situations that put women at risk for violence within particular countries. Aggregate-level data concentrate on women’s risks of violent encounters across nations and the societal-level factors that are associated with these risks. This multinational, multilevel approach reveals substantial gaps between our understanding of the types of encounters in which women are at greatest risk for violence and the societal correlates that predict gender distributions in violence across nations.

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Barr, Úna, and Natalie Christian. "A qualitative investigation into the impact of domestic abuse on women’s desistance." Probation Journal 66, no. 4 (October 20, 2019): 416–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550519881684.

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While criminological literature, criminal justice practice, and to a lesser extent, state policy have acknowledged a link between women’s criminalisation and gendered violence (MoJ, 2018; Österman, 2018; Prison Reform Trust, 2017; Roberts, 2015), there has been much less acknowledgement of the role of historical and contemporaneous experiences of violence in the desistance scripts of criminalised women. Combining findings from two research projects exploring gender and desistance, this article argues that (i) criminalised women’s experiences of gendered violence are such that any exploration of gender and desistance which does not acknowledge this is incomplete, (ii) coercion and control can inform women’s entry into the criminal justice system, (iii) expressions of agency and resistance in abusive interpersonal relationships can also inform women’s offending, yet (iv) women’s experiences of desistance from crime can mask the harm they face in coercive, controlling, and violent relationships. Thus, the article argues for a reframing of desistance from crime as desistance from harm both theoretically and in practice, and considers what this might entail.

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Al-Modallal, Hanan. "Disclosure of Spousal Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515585538.

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The objectives of this study were to identify reasons behind not disclosing spousal violence and examine relationships between these reasons and women’s demographic profile including the experience of spousal violence. Jordanian women ( N = 709) aged 16 to 66 years ( M = 32.6, SD = 8.7) attending health care centers were recruited. Results indicated that women’s intentions to maintain the family unit and use of patience with abuser represented the top two reasons for not disclosing violence. Non-significant relationships were, generally, identified between not disclosing spousal violence and women’s demographic profile. Women’s justification of spousal violence and witnessing parental violence were the proposed reasons for women’s lack of disclosure of violence. Implications for this study include health professionals’ use of evidence-based knowledge and skills to deal with victims of violence. Researchers’ roles include creating physical and emotional environment that urges disclosure of violence. Furthermore, they can contribute with health professionals in the implementation of health education programs directing victims and perpetrators in the places where they can be located. Proper collaboration between health professionals, researchers, and policy makers may significantly limit suffering of victims of violence.

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Jordan, Carol E. "Violence and Women’s mEntal Health." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 10, no. 4 (September 23, 2009): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838009339753.

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Rodriguez, Jeyle Ortiz, Esteban Picazzo Palencia, and Elías Alvarado Lagunas. "The Effect of Different Forms of Violence on Women’s Attitudes Toward Gender Equality and Decision-Making Capacity." Affilia 33, no. 2 (November 6, 2017): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109917738744.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect of different forms of violence on Mexican women’s attitudes and decision-making capacity. Specifically, attitudes toward gender equality are included as a mediator between violence and women’s decision-making capacity. Results reveal that attitudes are a partial mediator between physical, sexual, and psychological violence and women’s decision-making capacity. While physical, economic, and sexual violence negatively affect women’s decision-making capacity, economic violence against women increases their involvement in decision-making.

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Lysova, Alexandra. "A Violent Event Perspective on Women’s Involvement in Incidents of Severe Partner Violence." Violence and Victims 33, no. 5 (October 2018): 813–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00094.

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There is a shortage of research that examines experiences of partner violence (PV) among high-risk, incarcerated women using a situational perspective. This study uses a “violent event perspective” and data from the Canadian-Based Women’s Experiences of Violence study to examine the sequential actions of intimate partners in a violent event. It also identifies the types of violent events based on women’s involvement in the incidents of severe PV. A total of 135 incarcerated women reported 295 incidents of severe violence with a partner. Findings suggest that PV experiences of women in this clinical sample are highly heterogeneous but mostly represent extreme forms of both victimization and perpetration. This study also identifies the heterogeneity of the types of PV events by providing insight into novel forms of violent dynamics.

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Kim, Hee Jin, Madhu Sudhan Atteraya, and Ho Yeol Yoo. "Women’s agency freedom through empowerment against domestic violence: Evidence from Nepal." International Social Work 62, no. 3 (April 18, 2018): 1088–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818767255.

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Agency freedom is the process through which women can obtain power and control over making decisions about their own life choices. In this study, women’s agency freedom was measured based on women’s ability to make decisions and their help-seeking practices against domestic violence. We examined how women’s higher agency freedom prevented them from being victims of domestic violence. The study analyzed 3373 women from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The results revealed that women’s decision-making participation and help-seeking practices had a negative relationship with domestic violence. Women’s help-seeking practice had moderating effects on the relationship between women’s decision-making participation and domestic violence.

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Lehrner, Amy, and Nicole E. Allen. "A Qualitative Investigation of the Role of Gender in Young Women’s Dating Violence in the United States." Violence Against Women 24, no. 14 (February 20, 2018): 1697–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801218754408.

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The relevance of gender has been a central debate in the intimate partner violence (IPV) literature. The current qualitative study explored the role of gender in shaping the social context, meaning, and reception of young women’s IPV in the United States. A total of 36 undergraduate women were recruited from a larger sample for in-depth interviews. Emergent themes suggest that women’s violence was construed as nonequivalent to men’s violence, including the perceived triviality of women’s violence, contingencies under which women’s violence is deemed acceptable, and the status of male IPV as unacceptable. Gender was important for participants and bystanders in determining whether they interpreted behaviors as meaningful acts of violence.

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Mahjebeen, Joanna. "Women’s Vulnerabilities, Women’s Voices: Narratives on Patriarchies and Domestic Violence in Assam." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 2, no. 2 (December 2017): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632717737440.

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The article is an attempt to understand the phenomenon of domestic violence through an exploration of the lived experiences and vulnerabilities of women on whom violence had been inflicted in their ‘safe havens’. Focusing primarily on domestic violence, the narratives also bring to light the gendered aspects of women’s relationship with their family members and expose multiple patriarchies systematically maintained in the family in the context of Assam, a region where women were always thought to enjoy a better status. At a deeper level, the article, while examining a woman’s positionality in her own family, also challenges this notion of ‘a better status’ in the region.

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Rocha, Luciane de Oliveira. "Black mothers’ experiences of violence in Rio de Janeiro." Cultural Dynamics 24, no. 1 (March 2012): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0921374012452811.

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This exploratory essay approaches gendered aspects of anti-black violence through the experiences of black mothers whose children were the victims of homicide in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Commonly understood to primarily affect black men, urban violence in Brazil has less-visible effects on black women. Their struggles to survive encompass not only their own fights against poverty, discrimination, and race and gender discrimination, but it also entails the consequences of violent acts perpetrated or facilitated by the state upon black men in their families. However, these experiences are either invisibilized or not taken into consideration in traditional analyses of violence. How can black women’s experiences deepen the analysis of anti-black violence and enrich African diaspora studies? Do the violent deaths of their relatives contribute to black women’s radicalization and activism? What are the main components of their political struggles? This essay addresses these issues in the framework of African diaspora scholarship and black feminist theory.

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Ignjatović, Tanja. "VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN INTIMATE PARTNER RELATIONSHIPS AND INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE TO WOMEN’S NEEDS." Primenjena psihologija 12, no. 4 (January 16, 2020): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2019.4.385-408.

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Although there are tendencies to portray women in partner relationships as physically equally aggressive as men, initiating violence, revenge, and using deadly force almost as much as men, men’s violence against women is more pernicious, characterized by more severe and frequent acts of greater range, manifestations, and with more severe consequences. It is therefore unjustified to speak of gender symmetry, and present this type of violence in gender-neutral terms. This paper provides an overview of the most important features of the observed phenomenon, focusing on psychological violence, which plays a key role in “breaking the resistance”, and in providing a “voluntary sacrifice”, i.e., coercive control, structural in nature and extending to all aspects of a woman’s life. Paradoxically, leaving a violent partner is a risk factor for violence and is considered to be potentially more dangerous than staying in a relationship. In the literature, help seeking and coping strategies used by women who have experienced violence are conceptualized in various ways, and research confirms that they depend on the features of violence and the resources available. It is shown that the crucial precondition for women who want to break out of the circle of violence and begin a new life is a fact that professionals understand the gender nature of violence, that effective social control of violent behaviour is established, that women are lent support through specialized independent programs over a longer period, which should be multidimensional and well synchronized, so as to include women, and take into account their needs, reinforcing their sense of security and space for action.

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Dhewy, Anita, and Bella Sandiata. "Political and Legal Novelty as the Contribution of Indonesian Women’s Movement in the Advocacy on Affirmative Policy in Election and Law on the Abolition of Domestic Violence." Jurnal Perempuan 24, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v24i1.313.

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This article discusses the novelty of the women’s movement in encouraging women’s political representation and advocating for the elimination of domestic violence. Data is obtained through interviews with actors involved in the women’s movement, especially actors from civil society organizations. The results of the study show that the women’s movement in the Advocacy on Affirmative Policy in Election becomes a sign of the inclusion of women in the political agenda. While the women’s movement in the advocacy for Law on the Abolition of Domestic Violence dismantles private and public dichotomies that are detrimental to women in the context<br />of domestic violence. This study also shows that women’s movements need strong concepts, adaptive strategies and synergies with various elements to be able to push the women’s agenda and encourage change.

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Edwards, Katie M., Danielle R. Probst, Erin C. Tansill, and Christine A. Gidycz. "Women’s Reactions to Interpersonal Violence Research." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 28, no. 2 (August 30, 2012): 254–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260512454721.

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Dasgupta, Shamita Das. "On Violence Against Women’s 10th Anniversary." Violence Against Women 10, no. 12 (December 2004): 1401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801204270558.

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Renker, Paula Rinard, and Peggy Tonkin. "Women’s Views of Prenatal Violence Screening." Obstetrics & Gynecology 107, no. 2, Part 1 (February 2006): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000195356.90589.c5.

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Dutton, Mary Ann. "Complexity of Women’s Response to Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 19, no. 11 (November 2004): 1277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260504269683.

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Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel, Nelva Mata-Pariente, and Juncal Plazaola-Castaño. "Women’s Response to Intimate Partner Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 21, no. 9 (September 2006): 1156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260506290421.

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Kurtoğlu, Ayça. "Book Review: Women’s violence in Question." European Journal of Women's Studies 17, no. 3 (July 19, 2010): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13505068100170030803.

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Wesely, Jennifer K. "Considering the Context of Women’s Violence." Feminist Criminology 1, no. 4 (October 2006): 303–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085106293074.

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Choi, Anna W. M., and P. Y. Chan. "Women’s use of force: Hostility intertwines in Chinese family context." Qualitative Social Work 19, no. 2 (October 11, 2018): 192–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325018805529.

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Women can be both victims and perpetrators of intimate partner violence but there is still little understanding of female-to-male intimate partner violence perpetration. Women’s motives for using force in intimate partner violence are currently understudied, and study through social service case record allows researchers to gather more objective descriptions of the violent events. Cultural values play a vital role in intimate relationships and impact how women react in conflicts. This study aimed to explore the motives of Chinese women who use force in intimate relationships, changes after using force, and the intervention provided from the retrospective analysis of case records. Results showed that Chinese women share some of the motivations reported by women from Western cultures, with additional motives related to family roles and in-law relationships relevant in Chinese culture. Understanding women’s needs through their underlying motives for perpetrating intimate partner violence is essential for providing effective gender- and cultural-specific interventions.

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Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel, Nieves Rodriguez-Madrid, Juncal Plazaola-Castaño, Isabel Montero-Piñar, Vicenta Escribà-Agüir, Nayra Márquez-Herrera, Carlos Sanz-Peregrín, and Adela Nevot-Cordero. "Inhibiting and Facilitating Factors to End a Violent Relationship: Patterns of Behavior Among Women in Spain." Violence and Victims 28, no. 5 (2013): 884–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00055.

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The objective of this study are (a) to explore the factors, which facilitate or inhibit women’s responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) and their ability to leave a violent relationship; (b) to identify patterns of behavior in abused women based on their perception of the violence and the actions they take to find help or a solution to the problems derived from IPV. Semistructured interviews were carried out. The critical path is defined as the sequence of decisions and actions taken by affected women to address the violence they experienced. Based on this concept, we identified several factors that affect women’s responses to violence, and categorized them into inhibiting and facilitating factors. We also identified three patterns of behavior: the first one is theoretically as the ideal critical path, whereas in the third pattern the process is less like the ideal critical path.

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Orengo-Aguayo, Rosaura E., and Erika Lawrence. "Missing the Trees for the Forest: Understanding Aggression Among Physically Victimized Women." Partner Abuse 5, no. 3 (2014): 297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.5.3.297.

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Research on physically victimized women’s aggression has focused on distal predictors and correlates of aggression and on women’s self-reported motivations for their aggression. The absence of examinations of contextual predictors of women’s intimate partner violence has resulted in a limited understanding of the proximal circumstances in which physically victimized women perpetrate aggression. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the situational contexts in which physically victimized women use physical aggression in their relationships by analyzing a detailed narrative of a specific violent episode. Women were significantly more likely to use physical aggression under the following conditions: (a) when they were the first to initiate the physical aggression; (b) when their partners engaged in either moderate or severe violence as opposed to extremely severe physical violence; (c) when their partners were sober as opposed to drunk or high; and (d) when they were experiencing a specific emotion as opposed to a combination of emotions such as fear, anger, and sadness. Women’s motivations for being aggressive were moderated by their partners’ severity of aggression. When men perpetrated moderate physical aggression, women’s aggression was largely emotion-driven. When men engaged in severe physical aggression, women’s physical aggression was motivated by a combination of wanting to retaliate and emotional arousal. When men engaged in extremely severe physical aggression, there was a trend for women’s physical aggression to be motivated primarily by self-defense. These results suggest that the context of a specific argument is important in understanding why physically victimized women perpetrate aggression.

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Nieder, Christina, Christoph Muck, and Joscha Kärtner. "Sexual Violence Against Women in India: Daily Life and Coping Strategies of Young Women in Delhi." Violence Against Women 25, no. 14 (February 4, 2019): 1717–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801218824056.

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This study assesses the current situation concerning sexual violence against women in India and women’s individual coping strategies. We conducted 15 semistructured interviews with 17- to 22-year-old Indian college students. First, results about the current situation showed threatening circumstances for women and revealed how deeply sexual violence affects women’s lives. Second, to cope with sexual violence women mentioned three types of strategies, namely (a) safety, (b) avoidance, and (c) empowerment strategies. In the discussion, we suggest that women’s use of safety and avoidance strategies are safety behaviors that play a key role in maintaining women’s fear and societal dynamics.

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Pedersen, Louise. "Moving Bodies as Moving Targets: A Feminist Perspective on Sexual Violence in Transit." Open Philosophy 3, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2020-0134.

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AbstractActs of sexual violence in transit environments are everyday occurrences for women across the globe, and the fear of being on the receiving end of sexual violence severely impacts women’s mobility patterns. Gill Valentine, in her examination of women’s fear of male violence and women’s perception and use of public space, has argued that the impact on women’s mobility amounts to a spatial expression of patriarchy. The aim of this paper is to expand upon Valentine’s notion of “the spatial expression of patriarchy” by engaging feminist philosophy within the context of sexual violence against women on public transportation. More specifically, I will argue for two particular interpretations of the spatial expression of patriarchy, one structural and one relational. It follows from my view that solutions to overcoming and ending sexual violence against women on public transportation hinge on both a structural and a relational understanding of the spatial expression of patriarchy.

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Sunmola, Adegbenga M., Olusegun A. Mayungbo, Gregory A. Ashefor, and Luqman A. Morakinyo. "Does Relation Between Women’s Justification of Wife Beating and Intimate Partner Violence Differ in Context of Husband’s Controlling Attitudes in Nigeria?" Journal of Family Issues 41, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19868831.

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Controlling and domineering attitudes of husbands are risk factors for women’s experience of physical, sexual, and emotional violence in Nigeria. Other studies imply that husband’s attitudes may also influence the risk of women’s justification of wife beating. Consistently, it was hypothesized that husband’s controlling and domineering attitudes would influence the relationship between women’s justification of wife beating and the three types of violence experience. Participants were 19,360 nationally representative sample of married women in Nigeria. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Regression analyses were conducted to analyze the contributions of justification of wife beating and husband attitudes to the three types of women’s violence experience. Findings showed that women who justified wife beating experienced more physical, sexual, and emotional violence. The relationship of justification of wife beating still persisted with sexual and emotional violence in the context of husband’s controlling and domineering attitudes. Implications of study findings were discussed.

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Mesch, Gustavo S. "Women’s Fear of Crime: The Role of Fear for the Well-Being of Significant Others." Violence and Victims 15, no. 3 (January 2000): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.3.323.

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A number of explanations have been suggested in the literature for the finding that women consistently report higher levels of fear of crime than males. The “shadow” hypothesis argues that fear of crime among females reflects fear of sexual assault. The “intimate” hypothesis argues that women’s fear of crime is the result of exposure to intimate violence. Females’ fear of crime is expected to be explained by their fear of partners’ violence. The main argument of this article is that women’s fear of crime might be the result of traditional family gender roles. When asked, women might express fear not only for their own well-being but for that of their children. A survey of a representative sample of women in the third largest city of Israel was used to test this assumption. Women’s fear of crime was found to be affected by fear of sexual assault and fear of violent partners. In addition, consistent with the argument of this study, women’s fear of violent and sexual victimization of their children had a significant effect on their perception of fear. Future directions for research are suggested.

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Dutka, Joanna. "Przemoc wobec kobiet i kobieca agresja w kontekście ról płciowych i mylnego uznania („misrecognition”)." Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna 3, no. 2 (July 14, 2018): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fped.2014.3.2.20.

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This article seeks to examine basic patterns of violence against women, myths surrounding those mechanisms as well as situations, in which women are perpetrators of the violence. The purpose to draw attention to the fact, that violence affects women’s lives in social, economical and political areas, regardless if said violence happens in the public sphere or private sphere as well as how omission and lack of acknowledgement and deformation of female experience with violence affects women’s social standing.

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Sanawar, Saifa Binte, Mohammad Amirul Islam, Shankar Majumder, and Farjana Misu. "WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN BANGLADESH: INVESTIGATING THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP." Journal of Biosocial Science 51, no. 2 (March 6, 2018): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932018000068.

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SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess whether women’s empowerment ensures reduced intimate partner violence (IPV). The differential relationship between women’s empowerment and IPV among married women in Bangladesh was investigated using 2007 Demographic and Health Survey data. Logistic regression models were used to assess whether women’s empowerment had any influence on their likelihood of experiencing IPV while controlling for other covariates. The analyses revealed that older cohorts of women, who were more empowered, were more vulnerable to physical violence than less-empowered, younger women. The likelihood of being affected by physical violence among less-empowered, childless women was greater than that of more-empowered women with only male children. Less-empowered, uneducated women were more likely to experience physical violence than more-empowered, primary-educated women. Less-empowered women who had been married for less than 5 years were more likely to suffer from physical violence than more-empowered women who had been married for more than 19 years. The likelihood of experiencing sexual violence was not found to have any significant association with women’s empowerment. The findings suggest that although women’s empowerment in Bangladesh is gradually improving, some sub-groups of empowered women are still susceptible to IPV.

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Katz, Jennifer, Vanessa Tirone, and Melanie Schukrafft. "Breaking Up Is Hard to Do: Psychological Entrapment and Women’s Commitment to Violent Dating Relationships." Violence and Victims 27, no. 4 (2012): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.4.455.

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Psychological entrapment occurs when people continue investing in unfavorable situations after already devoting too much to lose. We predicted that women who already invested more time and resources into their relationships would exert effort to improve their relationships following partner violence. In turn, these efforts were expected to increase women’s subjective investment in, and thus, commitment to violent relationships. Undergraduate women (N = 98) in heterosexual relationships reported on partner violence and relationship duration at Time 1 and relationship sacrifices, subjective investment, and commitment at Times 1 and 2. As expected, women with violent partners who were in longer term relationships sacrificed more 6 weeks later. Unexpectedly, in multivariate analyses, Time 2 sacrifices were not significantly associated with Time 2 subjective investment, although subjective investment was positively associated with concurrent commitment. These results provide preliminary evidence for women’s entrapment in violent relationships.

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HUMPHREYS, JANICE, BARBARA PARKER, and JACQUELYN C. CAMPBELL. "Intimate Partner Violence Against Women." Annual Review of Nursing Research 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 275–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.19.1.275.

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Intimate partner violence against women has received considerable attention from nurse-researchers over the past 10 years. Although the amount and sophistication of both quantitative and qualitative research have changed over time, nursing research on intimate partner violence against women has not lost its perspective; nurse-researchers have continued to address women survivors’ full range of human responses to violence. Research into violence during pregnancy and battered women’s psychological responses to abuse have received considerable attention. Research into violence during pregnancy and battered women’s psychological responses to abuse have received considerable attention. Research into violence during pregnancy accounts for fully 20% of all the reviewed nursing research. The largely qualitative research into women’s psychological. responses to violence is particularly rich and remarkably similar across multiple studies. International studies on intimate partner violence are beginning to appear in the literature and research that addresses the unique experience of ethnically diverse women is occurring with greater frequency. The purpose of this chapter is to review nursing research on intimate partner violence against women in the past decade. Future directions for nursing research, practice, and education are included.

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Gharacheh, Maryam, Nooredin Mohammadi, Fahimeh Ranjbar, Hamid Emadi Kochak, and Simin Montazeri. "A phenomenological study of the experience of domestic violence in Iranian women with HIV." Journal of Biosocial Science 52, no. 2 (May 29, 2019): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932019000336.

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AbstractThis study explores the lived experience of domestic violence in HIV-infected women in Iran using a qualitative phenomenological approach. Data were collected in 2014 through in-depth interview of twelve HIV-infected women purposefully selected from a counselling centre in Tehran. The qualitative data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The main theme that emerged was ‘the sunset of life’ – an emotional numbing and fragile marital relationship resulting from the violence suffered by the women. From this, three sub-themes expressing women’s feelings of hopelessness were extracted: ‘the destroyed life’, ‘being in the destiny prison’ and ‘living on the edge of annihilation’. The results revealed that although the experience of domestic violence had devastating effects on women’s lives, HIV infection was the factor that forced them to remain trapped in violent relationships. The findings emphasize the importance of designing comprehensive violence prevention strategies tailored to meeting the needs of HIV-infected women in Iran.

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Bardall, Gabrielle, Elin Bjarnegård, and Jennifer M. Piscopo. "How is Political Violence Gendered? Disentangling Motives, Forms, and Impacts." Political Studies 68, no. 4 (December 3, 2019): 916–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321719881812.

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How is political violence gendered? We connect the traditional political violence literature’s emphasis on categorizing attacks to the gender and politics literature’s analysis of the barriers to women’s political participation. Our framework separates gendered political violence into three elements. Gendered motives appear when perpetrators use violence to preserve hegemonic men’s control of politics. Gendered forms emphasize how gender roles and tropes differentially shape men’s and women’s experiences of violence. Gendered impacts capture the subjective meaning-making processes that occur as different audiences react to political violence. This approach offers researchers and policymakers greater analytic precision regarding how political violence is gendered.

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Sedziafa, Alice Pearl, Eric Y. Tenkorang, and Adobea Y. Owusu. "Kinship and Intimate Partner Violence Against Married Women in Ghana: A Qualitative Exploration." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 14 (January 10, 2016): 2197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515624213.

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In African societies, kinship ties determine how women are socialized, their access to power and wealth, as well as custody of children, often considered important factors in married women’s experience of intimate partner violence (IPV). Yet studies that examine how kinship norms influence IPV are scant. Using in-depth interviews collected from women identifying with both matrilineal and patrilineal descent systems, we explored differences in Ghanaian women’s experiences of IPV in both kin groups. Results show that while IPV occurs across matrilineal and patrilineal societies, all women in patrilineal societies narrated continuous pattern of emotional, physical, and sexual assault, and their retaliation to any type of violence almost always culminated in more experience of violent attacks and abandonment. In matrilineal societies, however, more than half of the women recounted frequent experiences of emotional violence, and physical violence occurred as isolated events resulting from common couple disagreements. Sexual violence against matrilineal women occurred as consented but unwanted sexual acts, but patrilineal women narrated experiencing violent emotional and physical attack with aggressive unconsented sexual intercourse. Contextualizing these findings within existing literature on IPV against women suggests that policies aimed at addressing widespread IPV in Ghanaian communities should appreciate the dynamics of kinship norms.

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Goldstein, Karen M., and Sandra L. Martin. "Intimate Partner Physical Assault Before and During Pregnancy: How Does It Relate to Women’s Psychological Vulnerability?" Violence and Victims 19, no. 4 (August 2004): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.4.387.64168.

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Most studies of intimate partner violence tend to be behaviorally focused, with scant attention paid to women’s perception of vulnerability in their relationships. Since past research has linked such feelings and cognitions to women’s health problems, it is important to examine multiple aspects of relationships when studying partner violence. Therefore, this study examines women’s perceptions of vulnerability as they relate to their experiences of physical assault by their partner before and during pregnancy. A sample of 86 prenatal care patients were interviewed. The women reported their experiences of partner physical assault using the Conflict Tactics Scale 2, and they reported their perceptions concerning their relationships using the Women’s Experiences with Battering Scale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses found that experiencing intimate partner physical assault was highly predictive of women’s perceptions of vulnerability and loss of control in their relationships, with women who have been in physically violent relationships for longer periods of time being the most likely to express such feelings. Given that previous research has found such perceptions tied to negative health outcomes, clinicians are urged to evaluate their female patients’ feelings of vulnerability as well as their experiences of intimate partner physical assault.

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Di Lellio, Anna. "Seeking Justice for Wartime Sexual Violence in Kosovo." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 30, no. 3 (February 22, 2016): 621–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325416630959.

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At different times, and for different reasons, Kosovo informal and organized women’s networks have dealt with wartime sexual violence in different ways: they have followed either a strategy of silence or one of speech. Throughout, they have struggled to disentangle gender from ethnicity, straddling the line between a deep connection with local culture and domestic and international norms and agendas. This article tells their story, which in broader terms is the story of the subjectivity of women’s rights activists—domestic and international—as it connects with the normative framework of transitional justice. The case of Kosovo shows that transitional justice meaningfully engages local actors as a human rights project sensitive to political change, more than as a “toolkit” which packages truth, reconciliation and justice with recipes for implementation. The case of Kosovo also confirms that lobbying by women’s networks is crucial to the inclusion of women’s perspectives in transitional justice, and that the exclusion of women from decision making results in a net loss for women’s concerns. I would take the argument even further, and suggest that the inclusion of women and their agendas, as well as the struggle by women’s networks for inclusion, is necessary for human rights transformation.

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Black, Alice, Darrin Hodgetts, and Pita King. "Women’s everyday resistance to intimate partner violence." Feminism & Psychology 30, no. 4 (June 17, 2020): 529–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353520930598.

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Aotearoa/New Zealand’s rate of reported intimate partner violence (IPV) is among the highest in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In this article, we step behind the statistical trends to document the ways in which violence manifests in women’s everyday lives and the subtle, imperfect ways in which they respond through the development of various resistive tactics. We explore how these women navigate their daily lives with violence, paying particular attention to moments of adaptation, agency and resistance. With the help of Te Whakakruruhau (Māori Women’s Refuge), we conducted semi-structured discussions with eight women (four staff members and four former clients) who revealed how deeply enmeshed IPV can become within the conduct of everyday life. This necessitates their development of tactics for surviving the danger associated with mundane practices, such as grocery shopping, sleeping and doing the dishes. In responding to everyday violence, the women in our study create moments of routine and radical freedom in the midst of the chaos that comes with IPV.

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Lenskyj, Helen. "Unsafe at Home Base: Women’s Experiences of Sexual Harassment in University Sport and Physical Education." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 1, no. 1 (October 1992): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.1.1.19.

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This investigation of sexual harassment in university sport begins by developing a theoretical framework based on feminist analyses of male violence, and examining the links between violence and the ideology of male sport. The organization of sport and physical education in Canadian universities is then described, and university women’s experiences of male violence in sport-related contexts is investigated, with particular reference to the issues of power relations in coaching and control of women’s bodies. Relevant findings from a preliminary survey of women’s experiences of sexual harassment in sport contexts are presented throughout the discussion, and recommendations are developed.

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Bergen, Raquel K., and Kathleen A. Bogle. "Exploring the Connection Between Pornography and Sexual Violence." Violence and Victims 15, no. 3 (January 2000): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.3.227.

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This article examines the relationship between sexual violence and pornography. Data about women’s experiences of sexual violence and their abusers’ use of pornography were collected at a rape crisis center from 100 survivors. Findings include that 28% of respondents reported that their abuser used pornography and that for 12% of the women, pornography was imitated during the abusive incident. The effects of pornography on women’s experiences of sexual violence are discussed.

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Silva, Susan De Alencar, Kerle Dayana Tavares de Lucena, Layza de Souza Chaves Deininger, Hemílio Fernandes Campos Coelho, Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo Vianna, and Ulisses Umbelino dos Anjos. "ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON WOMEN’S HEALTH." Journal of Human Growth and Development 25, no. 2 (October 20, 2015): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.103009.

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McAfee, Robert E. "Domestic violence as a women’s health issue." Women's Health Issues 11, no. 4 (July 2001): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-3867(01)00112-8.

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Heath, Iona. "Domestic violence as a women’s health issue." Women's Health Issues 11, no. 4 (July 2001): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-3867(01)00113-x.

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Moracco, Kathryn E., Carol W. Runyan, J. Michael Bowling, and Jo Anne L. Earp. "Women’s experiences with violence: A national study." Women's Health Issues 17, no. 1 (January 2007): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2006.03.007.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Women’s violence'

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