Journal articles: 'Wollastonite composites'

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Cortés-Hernández, Dora A., Sergio Ortega, and Akemi A. Nogiwa-Valdez. "Apatite Formation on Zirconia Based Composites." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.445.

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Bioactive Mg-PSZ composites were developed by using wollastonite ceramics either as a constituent of the composite formulation or as a bioactive bed during the biomimetic treatment in simulated body fluids. The zirconia composites were prepared by uniaxial pressing of powder mixtures and sintered at 1550oC in air. Wollastonite containing zirconia/alumina composites were also sintered at 1350oC. The composites were immersed in SBF for 7 days on a bed of wollastonite powder and then re-immersed in 1.5SBF for 7 days. Tests were also performed with no wollastonite bed. A highly bioactive surface was observed on the Mg-PSZ/CaSiO3 and Mg-PSZ/Al2O3 composites. A homogeneous apatite layer was detected on the Mg-PSZ/CaSiO3 composites immersed for only 7 days in SBF. No apatite was formed on the Mg-PSZ/Al2O3/CaSiO3 composite. During the sintering mechanism at either 1550 or 1350oC small amounts of aluminosilicate phases are formed. These phases inhibited the apatite formation.

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Yang, Ming Shan. "The Reinforcement of Acicular Wollastonite on Polypropylene." Advanced Materials Research 92 (January 2010): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.92.283.

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The wollastonite/PP composites were manufactured by twin-screw extruder and the effects of compatabilizer, feeding method and screw configuration on the properties of wollastonite/PP composites were investigated in this paper. The dispersion of fibrous wollastonite in PP matrix was determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the strength, toughness and flowability of the composite were simultaneously guaranteed by using three different types of PP resins, and the interfacial adhesion was improved greatly by adding the compatabilizer of PP-g-MAH, which increases the comprehensive properties of wollastonite/PP composite. The fibrous dispersion of wollastonite in PP matrix was achieved by using of side feeding and the weak-shear screw configuration, which reaches the good reinforcing effect.

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Hemra, Khanthima, Takaomi Kobayashi, Pavadee Aungkavattana, and Sirithan Jiemsirilers. "Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of fly ash-based geopolymer composites by wollastonite reinforcement." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 31, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v31i4.1230.

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The present study investigated the mechanical and thermal properties of geopolymer composite. The geopolymer composite was prepared by mixing fly ash and wollastonite with the alkaline activator, which was 6 M KOH:K2SiO3 in a mass ratio of 1:1 and a solid:liquid mass ratio of 3:2. The compressive strength at 28 days of geopolymer was 33.3 MPa and possessed the highest strength of 38.3 MPa when 30 wt% wollastonite was added. The flexural strength presented differently whereby it increased from 2.1 MPa to 6.8 MPa. It increased remarkably up to 200% with the addition of 50 wt% wollastonite. The geopolymer composites were exposed to high temperatures at 800℃ to 1100°C for 2 h. Cracks were reduced since 20 wt% wollastonite was added. A high percentage of wollastonite presented excellent thermal stability. The total weight loss of the geopolymer composite at temperatures of 30℃ to 1400°C was minimized. It decreased from 25% to 12% when 50 wt% wollastonite was added, and the dilatometric data resulted in a dimensional change of almost zero. The phase development of the geopolymer composites at high temperatures showed the crystallization of leucite, kalsilite, calcium silicate, calcium aluminium silicate, and calcium aluminium oxide, which were the high temperature stable phases. The results indicated that wollastonite reinforced fly ash-based geopolymer composites are promising for use in high temperature applications.

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Wang, Cai Li, Shui Lin Zheng, and Huai Fa Wang. "Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 6(PA6) Filled with Wollastonite and Inorganic Modified Wollastonite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.522.

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Some novel composites were prepared with polyamide 6(PA6) filled with wollastonite particles and wollastonite inorganic modified by aluminium silicate composite materials (WIMS) as fibrous fillers. Subsequently, these composites were investigated for tensile, charpy notched impact, bending strength, bending modulus and heat distortion temperature, and the mechanism of PA6 reinforced by WIMS was discussed through SEM photos of wollastonite and WIMS and the current two most popular equations: Pukanszky equation and Nielsen equation.The results show that the PA6 products filled with WIMS have superior mechanical properties(tensile strength 71.65Mpa, bending strength 106.61Mpa, bending modulus 3258.22Mpa) than that of uncoated wollastonite and pure PA6, and the heat distortion temperature increases by 88.6°C than pure PA6 and 17.2°C than wollastonite. Inorganic modification of wollastonite can improve the joint interface between wollastonite and PA6, thus improving their mechanical properties.

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Javed, Khalid, Farah Kanwal, Saadat Anwar Siddiqi, Shahid Atiq, Waheed Mushtaq, and Khalil Ahmed. "Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Wollastonite Polyindole Composites to Study their Electrical Conductivity Behaviour." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 62, no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.62.2.2019.67.75.

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In this work pure polyindole and its composites with wollastonite have been prepared by using anhydrous ferric chloride (FeCl3) as an oxidizing agent. Wollastonite (CaSiO3) was prepared by sol gel method using citric acid, calcium nitrate and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) for the synthesis of composites. Particle size of the synthesized wollastonite was 58.8 nm. Effect of wollastonite weight percentages ranging from 1-25% of the polyindole in polyindole wollastonite (PIn/CaSiO3) composites was studied. Chemical structure was elucidated for polyindole/wollastonite (PIn/CaSiO3) composites and wollastonite (CaSiO3) was done through Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed successful fabrication of polyindole/wollastonite (PIn/CaSiO3) composites and wollastonite (CaSiO3) particles. Scanning electron microscopic technique was used for surface morphological studies. Thermal stability of the composites was examined through thermogravimetry. Four probe method was used to measure DC-conductivity of the samples. Composites showed DC conductivity in the range, 3.71´10-7 Siemens per centimeter.

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Amarababu, B., and V. Pandu Rangadu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Mineral Wollastonite Particulate Filled Vinyl-Ester Resin Composites." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 37 (August 2014): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.37.91.

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In the present research presents influence of coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane sprayed on to the wollastonite particulate powder before it dispersed into the vinylester/composites. Firstly two different composites were developed in which wollastonite is filled with vinylester resin and same wollastonite was sprayed with coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane then filled with vinylester resin. The particle functionalization with a bi-functional coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane was observed to have a significant effect on the curing process and subsequent physical properties of the composites. Wollastonite functionalization favors the composite fabrication with a lower curing temperature as compared to the as-received particle filled vinyl ester resin composites. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increased thermo-stability in the particles functionalized filled vinyl ester resin composites as compared to the unmodified particle filled counterparts. The uniform particle dispersion and the chemical bonding between filler and vinyl ester resin matrix were found to contribute to the increased thermal stability and enhanced tensile strength and modulus.

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Amarababu, B., and V. Pandu Rangadu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Mineral Wollastonite Particulate Filled Vinyl-Ester Resin Composites." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 37 (August 6, 2014): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-ycy6bl.

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In the present research presents influence of coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane sprayed on to the wollastonite particulate powder before it dispersed into the vinylester/composites. Firstly two different composites were developed in which wollastonite is filled with vinylester resin and same wollastonite was sprayed with coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane then filled with vinylester resin. The particle functionalization with a bi-functional coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane was observed to have a significant effect on the curing process and subsequent physical properties of the composites. Wollastonite functionalization favors the composite fabrication with a lower curing temperature as compared to the as-received particle filled vinyl ester resin composites. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increased thermo-stability in the particles functionalized filled vinyl ester resin composites as compared to the unmodified particle filled counterparts. The uniform particle dispersion and the chemical bonding between filler and vinyl ester resin matrix were found to contribute to the increased thermal stability and enhanced tensile strength and modulus.

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Panin, Sergey V., Qitao Huang, Vladislav O. Alexenko, Dmitry G. Buslovich, Lyudmila А. Kornienko, Filippo Berto, Svetlana A. Bochkareva, Iliya L. Panov, and Natalya V. Ryabova. "Design of Wear-Resistant UHMWPE-Based Composites Loaded with Wollastonite Microfibers Treated with Various Silane Coupling Agents." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 4511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134511.

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The tribomechanical properties of the wear-resistant ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)-based composites loaded with wollastonite microfibres silanized with various coupling agents (“KH-550”, “Penta-1006”, and “OTS”) were investigated. It was demonstrated that the mechanical properties of UHMWPE-based composites filled with various amounts of wollastonite (7–23 wt. %) increased by 1.3 times (yield strength) and by 1.8 times (elastic modulus), while the wollastonite silanization further improved yield strength by 9% in some cases. It was demonstrated that the composite loaded with 23 wt. % wollastonite silanized with the “KH-550” coupling agent possessed the maximum wear resistance under “moderate” conditions of tribological loading. Under “severe” conditions, the composites containing 23 wt. % wollastonite silanized with the less efficient “OTS” and “Penta-1006” agents showed the greatest wear resistance during dry sliding friction. Wear resistance significantly depended on filler weight fraction and the load–speed mode of the tribological tests. Based on the obtained experimental data on the mechanical (including impact toughness) and tribological properties of the UHMWPE-based composites loaded with wollastonite, the optimal compositions (the filler content and the type of the coupling agent) for two load–speed modes were designed using the developed computer algorithm. The composites provided the predefined high tribomechanical properties for operation in the metal-polymer friction units compared to neat polymer.

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Yuhaida, Ismail, Husseinsyah Salmah, Hanafi Ismail, and Zainuddin Firuz. "Tensile Properties of Wollastonite Filled High Density Polyethylene/Natural Rubber Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.215.

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Wollastonite is one type of inorganic filler. The effects of wollastonite loading on tensile properties of wollastonite (WS) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE)/Natural Rubber (NR) composites was studied. The HDPE/NR/WS composites were prepared by using Brabender EC Plus at a temperature of 180 °C with rotor speed of 50 rpm for 10 min. It was found that the increasing of wollastonite loading had decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break, whereas the Young’s modulus of the HDPE/NR/WS composites had increased with the increasing of wollastonite loading.

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Abdul Karim, Ahmad Fikri, and Hanafi Ismail. "The effects of a compatibiliser on processing, tensile properties and morphology of polystyrene (PS)/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)/wollastonite composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 26, no. 8-9 (October 2018): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391118809436.

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Thermoplastic elastomer composites of polystyrene (PS) blended with styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)–filled wollastonite were prepared using a laboratory scale internal mixer. The compatibiliser used in this study was maleic anhydride (MAH). The torque developments, morphology, and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus and impact strength were studied. PS/SBR/wollastonite composites with the addition of MAH had higher torque than PS/SBR/wollastonite composites without MAH. Tensile strength, impact strength and elongation at break were reduced by increasing filler loading, both for composites with and without MAH. Composites with MAH had higher tensile strength but lower impact strength and elongation at break as compared with composites without MAH. The Young’s modulus increased with the wollastonite loading, whereas at a similar wollastonite loading, composites with MAH exhibited higher values of Young’s modulus than composites without MAH. Scanning electron microscopy on fracture surfaces showed better filler–matrix adhesion for composites with MAH.

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Adams, L. A., E. R. Essien, and E. E. Kaufmann. "Mechanical and bioactivity assessment of wollastonite/PVA composite synthesized from bentonite clay." Cerâmica 65, no. 374 (June 2019): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132019653742584.

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Abstract Glass/polymer composites can mimic the natural structure of bone by possessing a fiber-matrix configuration which provides appropriate physical and biological properties. Wollastonite ceramics are known for their promising bioactivity and biocompatibility when applied in bone regeneration. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has various attractive properties including biocompatibility and degradability which may be exploited as a polymer matrix in composites for biomedical applications. Therefore, a cost-effective method of preparing wollastonite/PVA composites is desirable by starting from bentonite clay as a silica source for the glass, instead of traditional alkoxysilanes. The composite prepared was characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to evaluate its compressive strength, morphology, phase composition and bioactivity, respectively. Results obtained revealed for the composite a compressive strength of 0.3 MPa, the ability to induce apatite on its surface when immersed in a simulated body fluid for 7 days and desirable controlled degradation. Hence, this method can be up-scaled for preparation of wollastonite/PVA composite commercially for possible use in bone regeneration.

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Nogiwa-Valdez, Akemi A., Dora A. Cortés-Hernández, J. M. Almanza-Robles, and Alejandra Chávez-Valdez. "Bioactive Zirconia Composites." Materials Science Forum 509 (March 2006): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.509.193.

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Zirconia-alumina composites with additions of a CaO-SiO2 glass are prepared by uniaxial pressing and sintering. In order to promote bioactivity, the composites are biomimetically treated. The effect of immersion time in simulated body fluids (SBF) and that of the presence of a wollastonite powder bed, as a calcium ion provider, on the apatite forming ability are investigated. The influence of replacing the simulated body fluids each 7-day-period for a more concentrated solution is also studied. A bonelike apatite layer is observed after 21 days of immersion when the SBF is renewed, whether the bed of wollastonite powder is present or not. However, a thicker layer is formed by using wollastonite and the agglomerates of the apatite layer are finer on the composites containing CaO-SiO2 glass.

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Hassanpoor Tichi, Ali, and Hadi Gholamiyan. "Using wollastonite nanomaterials in gypsum-wood composites." BioResources 17, no. 4 (August 12, 2022): 5695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.5695-5706.

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In this study, the effect of wollastonite on mechanical, physical, and morphological properties of composites made of sesame stem (Sesamum indicum L.) and gypsum was investigated. The mixing ratio of sesame stem as a lignocellulosic material with gypsum at three levels (10:90, 20:80, and 30:70) and wollastonite at three levels (0%, 5%, and 10%, based on dry weight of cement) were considered as the variables. Fire resistance (weight loss) was tested according to ISO 11925-3 and DIN EN 634-1 and two specifications for the mechanical and physical properties. Microstructural properties of composites were evaluated by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) imaging. The results showed that boards containing wollastonite increased the physical and mechanical properties compared with gypsum board without wollastonite. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bonding of the boards decreased with increased sesame stem content, and its maximum value was obtained when using 10% sesame stem. The addition of 10% wollastonite is recommended to significantly improve the fire retardancy of the boards. The results from SEM images showed that the wollastonite can fill in the gaps inside the boards and create a solid structure.

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Butylina, Svetlana, Marko Hyvärinen, and Timo Kärki. "Weathering of wood-polypropylene and wood-wollastonite-polypropylene composites containing pigments in Finnish climatic conditions." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 5 (September 7, 2015): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2014-0066.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the resistance of wood-polypropylene and wood-wollastonite-polypropylene composites containing pigments to natural weathering. Design/methodology/approach – Natural weathering of composites was conducted in Finnish climatic conditions for one year. The colour of the composites was determined with a spectrophotometer, the morphology of the composite surface was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the changes in the polymer structure in surface layer of the composites were analysed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Charpy impact strength was determined with an impact tester. Findings – The pigments used in this study reduced the colour change of the composites exposed to outdoor weathering as compared with the un-coloured composite. The carbon black pigment was more effective than the iron oxide pigment. Moreover, only the carbon black pigment was found to reduce the degradation of the surface layer of the composites. The addition of the carbon black pigment had a positive effect on the dimensional stability of the composites in a water absorption test. Only the combination of the carbon black pigment and wollastonite resulted in a composite which was capable to retain its Charpy impact strength both after one year of outdoor weathering and cyclic treatment. Research limitations/implications – This study is a part of continuous research on the development of wood-polymer composites (WPUs) suitable for outdoor applications in Finnish climatic conditions. The first part of the study, which has been published earlier, showed the results of weathering of composites in accelerated tests in comparison with 1,000 hours outdoor exposure during summer time (June and July). Outdoor weathering limited to 1,000 hours cannot give an objective view on the weathering behaviour of composites in Finnish climatic conditions. The results of the current study were obtained from one-year outdoor exposure of composites. Originality/value – The wood-polypropylene composite made with the combination of the carbon black pigment and wollastonite can be recommended for outdoor applications. The study provides useful information on the resistance of wood-polypropylene composites to weathering in Finnish climatic conditions.

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Dutkiewicz, Maciej, Hasan Erhan Yücel, and Fatih Yıldızhan. "Evaluation of the Performance of Different Types of Fibrous Concretes Produced by Using Wollastonite." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 6904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196904.

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Production of cement and aggregate used in cement-based composites causes many environmental and energy problems. Decreasing the usage of cement and aggregate is a crucial and currently relevant challenge to provide sustainability. Inert materials can also be used instead of cement and aggregates, similar to pozzolanic materials, and they have positive effects on cement-based composites. One of the inert materials used in cement-based composites is wollastonite (calcium metasilicate-CaSiO3), which has been investigated and attracted attention of many researchers. This article presents state-of-the-art research regarding fibrous concretes produced with wollastonite, such as mortars, conventional concrete, engineered cementitious composites, geopolymer concrete, self-compacting concrete, ultra-high-performance concrete and pavement concrete. The use of synthetic wollastonite, which is a novel issue, its high aspect ratio and allowing the use of waste material are also evaluated. Studies in the literature show that the use of wollastonite in different types of concrete improves performance properties, such as mechanical/durability properties, and provides environmental–economic efficiency. It has been proven by studies that wollastonite is a material with an inert structure, and, therefore, its behavior is similar to that of a fiber in cementitious composites due to its acicular particle structure.

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YUAN, XIAOWEN, ALLAN J. EASTEAL, and DEBES BHATTACHARYYA. "MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF ROTOMOULDED WOLLASTONITE-REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 07 (March 20, 2007): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207036916.

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This paper describes the development of a new processing technology for rotational moulding of wollastonite microfibre (WE) reinforced polyethylene (PE). Manufacturing wollastonite-polyethylene composites involved blending, compounding by extrusion, and granulating prior to rotational moulding. The properties of the resulting composites were characterised by tensile and impact strength measurements. The results show that tensile strength increases monotonically with the addition of wollastonite fibres, but impact strength is decreased. In addition, the processability is also decreased after adding more than 12 vol% WE because of increased viscosity. The effects of a coupling agent, maleated polyethylene (MAPE), on the mechanical performance and processability were also investigated. SEM analysis reveals good adhesion between the fibre reinforcements and polyethylene matrix at the fracture surface with the addition of MAPE. It is proposed that fillers with small particles with high aspect ratio (such as wollastonite) provide a large interfacial area between the filler and the polymer matrix, and may influence the mobility of the molecular chains.

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Kozin, A., R. Fedyuk, Yu Il'inskiy, S. Yarusova, P. Gordienko, and Mohammad Ali Mosaberpanah. "EFFECT OF WOLLASTONITE ON THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE." Construction Materials and Products 3, no. 5 (December 24, 2020): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-5-34-42.

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Improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of cement composites should be accompanied by the disposal of industrial waste of various generation. Therefore, the paper proposes the principles of controlling the strength properties of concrete, which consist in the complex effect of wollastonite obtained from boron production waste on the processes of structure formation of the cement matrix. When this introduced in an amount of 2-8 wt. % wollastonite has a dual function as a mineral filler and a reinforcing fiber. It has been proven that in the presence of wollastonite, the concrete mix becomes lighter without reducing its physical and mechanical properties. It was revealed that the early strength for all the developed compositions with the addition of wollastonite increases due to the acceleration of hydration processes. Calcium silicate, which is wollastonite CaSiO3, has a close chemical composition with cement clinker, especially with Ca2SiO4 belite and Ca3SiO5 alite. This leads to the formation of a chemically homogeneous and, as a result, hardened microstructure. Elongated wollastonite fibers with good adhesion to the cement stone provide effective micro-reinforcement of the concrete composite. Using the results will lead to the possibility of designing high-strength concretes, including for special structures

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Chuayjuljit, Saowaroj, and Thatisorn Karnjanamayul. "Ultrafine Wollastonite Reinforced Polypropylene/Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber Thermoplastic Elastomers." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.945.

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In this study, tensile properties, thermal stability and morphology of polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene rubber/wollastonite (PP/EPDM/wollastonite) thermoplastic elastomer composites were tested and evaluated as a function of their compositions in comparison with PP/EPDM blends and native PP. PP was melt mixed with two loadings of EPDM (20 and 30% (w/w)) and for the composites each of these with three loadings of wollastonite (10, 20 and 30 parts by weight per hundred of the PP/EPDM resin) on a twin screw extruder and then injection molded. Both PP/EPDM blends provided a higher elongation at break but a lower tensile strength and Young’s modulus as compared with those of the neat PP. However, the addition of wollastonite microparticles (particle size of 1200 mesh) into the blends increased the Young’s modulus in a dose-dependent manner with increasing wollastonite loadings, whilst the tensile strength and elongation at break were decreased. Moreover, the thermal stability was improved by the presence of either EPDM or wollastonite in the PP matrix.

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Akinci, Akin. "Dry sliding friction and wear behavior of self-lubricating wollastonite filled polycarbonate composites." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 67, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-01-2013-0003.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the friction and wear performance of pure polycarbonate (PC) and 5-30 per cent wollastonite-filled (by weight) PC were comparatively evaluated under dry sliding conditions. Wear tests were carried out at room temperature under the loads of 5-20 N and at the sliding speeds of 0.5-1.5 m/s. Design/methodology/approach – The microstructures of the wollastonite, pure PC and composites were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The friction and wear tests were realized using a pin-on-disk arrangement against the hardened AISI 4140 steel. Findings – The result of this study indicated that the coefficients of friction wear rate of the materials were significantly influenced by an increase in wollastonite content. The friction coefficient of the PC was getting decreased from 0.457 to 0.198 with an increase in wollastonite content, depending on applied loads and sliding speeds. On the other hand, the results showed that the wear rates of pure PC and wollastonite-filled PCs decreased with an increase in loads. The wear rate of the PC decreased from 1.2 × 10−6 to 8.7 × 10−6 mm3/m with an increase in wollastonite content, depending on applied loads. Originality/value – There are many reports which deal with the friction and wear performance of the polymers and polymer composites. However, the effect of wollastonite effect on tribological performance of PC has up to now not been extensively researched.

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Podporska, Joanna, Marta Błażewicz, Barbara Trybalska, and Łukasz Zych. "A novel ceramic material with medical application." Processing and Application of Ceramics 2, no. 1 (2008): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac0801019p.

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Until now the basic methods used in manufacturing of wollastonite have been chemical (melting together with glass crystallization process, chemical coprecipitation) and sol - gel methods. A new and promising way of wollastonite fabrication is controlled pyrolysis of polysiloxane precursors with inorganic fillers. Heat treatment of such mixtures leads to the formation of wollastonite-containing ceramics already at about 1000?C. This is a relatively inexpensive and efficient method which enables to obtain complex shapes of the samples. The aim of this work was to obtain sintered, wollastonite-containing bioceramics and determine its bioactive features. Samples were sintered at three different temperatures: 1000, 1100 and 1200?C. Then the bioactivity of the wollastonite-containing ceramics was investigated by the ?in vitro? test in simulated body fluid. On the basis of the achieved results, it can be assumed that the obtained material possesses bioactive features.

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Karle, Anuja H., and Vinod B. Tungikar. "Optimization of wollastonite reinforced epoxy composites." Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021): 5153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.688.

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Souza, Divanizia N., Adeilson P. Melo, Maria G. Oliveira, and Linda V. E. Caldas. "Dosimetric characterization of wollastonite-teflon composites." physica status solidi (c) 4, no. 3 (March 2007): 1175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200673869.

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WANG, CAILI, SHUILIN ZHENG, GUIHUA LIU, LIJING WANG, PENG HUANG, and ZHAOHUA WANG. "PREPARATION OF WOLLASTONITE COATED WITH NANO-ALUMINIUM SILICATE AND ITS APPLICATION IN FILLING PA6." Surface Review and Letters 17, no. 02 (April 2010): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x10014144.

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Taking wollastonite as raw material, aluminium sulfate and water glass as coating modifier, a new type of wollastonite coated with nano-aluminium silicate powder-materials was obtained by chemical depositing method. By modificating this powder-materials with silane and filling it in PA6, the PA6 composite materials were obtained. The modificated powder-materials were characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, EDX, and FT-IR. The mechanism of this powder-materials modificated by silane was discussed. It was shown that the surface of wollastonite was coated with nano-aluminium silicate evenly, the average grain size of aluminium silicate was 54 nm, filling 30% of this powder-materials modified by silane in PA6, the mechanical properties and the heat distortion temperature of the PA6 composites filled by it were notably enhanced.

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Zhao, Jingzhe, Zichen Wang, Liwei Wang, Shaofeng Yang, Hua Yang, and Muyu Zhao. "Differences between two TiO2/wollastonite composites with wollastonite having different particle sizes." Materials Letters 41, no. 1 (October 1999): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(99)00100-7.

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Ryu, Hyun-Seung, Jung Kun Lee, Hwan Kim, and Kug Sun Hong. "New type of bioactive materials: Hydroxyapatite/α-wollastonite composites." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 5 (May 2005): 1154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0144.

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A new type of bioactive materials, hydroxyapatite (HA)/α-wollastonite (α-Wol) composites, were prepared. The sintering behavior, phase evolution, and in vitro bioactivity of hydroxyapatite/α-wollastonite composites were examined. The properties of HA/α-Wol composites were quite different from those of HA ceramics or α-Wol ceramics. HA/α-Wol composites sintered 1300 °C for 2 h exhibited a dense microstructure consisting of grains in the range of 0.3–1.0 μm in diameter. During sintering, a complex phase evolution between HA and α-Wol was observed. At 1300 °C, the formation of the Si substituted HA and the additional α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were observed using Fourier transform infrared and x-ray diffraction analysis. Further heat treatment at 1350 °C transformed part of the HA and α-Wol into a new phase with the composition: Ca12P6Si2O31. The in vitro bioactivity of the HA/α-Wol composites with a weight ratio of 25:75 and 50:50 sintered at 1300 °C was better than that of α-Wol monophasic ceramics. This result revealed that the silica of α-Wol and the orthosilicate of Si substituted HA provided nucleation sites for the bonelike apatite layer. The phosphate present in the HA or α-TCP phases promoted the nucleation of a bonelike apatite layer on the surface of the composites. The dissolution rate of α-Wol phase in simulated body fluid was faster than α-TCP or HA phase. Therefore, HA/α-Wol composite is the bone replacement material of controllable bioactivity and degradation rate with relative content between HA and α-Wol phase.

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Reddy, Gowkanapalli Ramachandra, Mala Ashok Kumar Kumar, Ati Ramesh, Mehaboob Basha, Nadadur Karthikeyan, and Kolimi Madhava Reddy. "Preparation of GF/Wollastonite Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composite: Mechanical Properties." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 58, no. 1 (April 27, 2015): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.58.1.2015.26.33.

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Performance of injection moulded short wollastonite fibre and chopped glass fibre reinforced hybrid epoxy composites was studied. The results showed that hybridisation of glass fibre and wollastonitewas in congruence to epoxy glass fibre composite system. Effect of fibre length, fibre orientation in matrix and analysis and fracture surface was undertaken. The mechanical properties of injection moulded, chopped glass fibre/wollastonite/epoxy hybrid composites were investigated by considering the effect of hybridisation by these two fillers. It was observed that the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the filled epoxy were higher than those of unfilled epoxy. The effect of filler on epoxy matrix subjected to the tensile strength and modulus was studied and compared with the rule of mixture. The actual results are marginally low as compared with the values obtained by the rule of hybrid mixtures (RoHM).

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Santos, George Gonçalves dos, Luisa Queiroz Vasconcelos, Isabela Cerqueira Barreto, Fúlvio Borges Miguel, and Roberto Paulo Correia de Araújo. "Wollastonite and tricalcium phosphate composites for bone regeneration." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 9 (July 4, 2022): e12011931662. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31662.

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In recent decades, researchers in bone tissue bioengineering have focused on developing and improving bioceramics efficient in presenting physical-chemical characteristics similar to bone tissue, aiming to mimic cellular events and mechanisms involved in osteogenesis. Among the materials used, wollastonite (W) has stood out in recent years, mainly due to its bioactivity. Besides, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is also used primarily due to its osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity. Given their ionic compositions and the physical-chemical properties of W and TCP, scientists have associated these two materials during the synthesis of bioceramics that unite the characteristics of each material into a single biomaterial, called composite. This design enables a variety of association that allows improvements in the biological behavior of these materials. Therefore, W/TCP composites have shown excellent performance, in vitro and in vivo, as they start to exhibit fundamental properties for bone regeneration. These characteristics indicate the use of these new biomaterials in future clinical applications, especially in cases of extensive bone losses, which remain a significant challenge for scientists and biomedical professionals. Nevertheless, despite the advances achieved, many questions must be clarified, and essential to comprehend the mechanisms involved in osteogenesis after implantation. Thus, this study aimed to contextualize the use of W/TCP composites for bone regeneration, to support further studies necessary to identify the biological behavior of these bioceramics and ensure use in clinical practice.

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Danilova, Sakhayana N., Sofia B. Yarusova, Nadezhda N. Lazareva, Igor Yu Buravlev, Oleg O. Shichalin, Evgeniy K. Papynov, Ivan G. Zhevtun, Pavel S. Gordienko, and Aitalina A. Okhlopkova. "A Study of the Wear Mechanism of Composites Modified with Silicate Filler." Ceramics 5, no. 4 (October 13, 2022): 731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics5040053.

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The article considers the effect of a filler based on synthetic wollastonite (CaSiO3), which is introduced into a polymer matrix made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, on the tribotechnical parameters of the produced polymer composite material. Behavioral features of composites after friction were investigated by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the introduction of wollastonite into the polymer matrix contributed to a reduction in the friction coefficient by 23% and the wear rate by four times. In the micrographs of the friction surfaces of the obtained composite, the formation of new secondary structures oriented along the friction direction, different from the initial polymer matrix, was revealed. The presence of wear products (oxidized polymer groups) and CaSiO3 on the friction surfaces was recorded by infrared spectroscopy. It was established that the synthesized CaSiO3 particles were deformed under the action of shear forces and participated in tribochemical processes.

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Chimchikova, M. K. "BASALT AND WOLLASTONITE AS FILLERS OF THE POLYMER MATRIX." Herald of KSUCTA, №3, 2021, no. 3-2021 (September 27, 2021): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2021.3.423-428.

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The objects of research are mineral fillers mined in the Kyrgyz Republic. The change in the deformation-strength properties of composites based on divinylstyrene thermoplastic elastomer on the amount of fillers of the polymer matrix has been investigated. Basalt and wollastonite were used as fillers in the composition of the composite material.

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Morales-Flórez, Victor, J. A. Toledo-Fernández, R. Mendoza-Serna, Manuel Piñero, Nicolás de la Rosa-Fox, A. Santos, and Luis Maria Esquivias Fedriani. "Mechanical Properties of Bioactive Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Aerogels." Key Engineering Materials 423 (December 2009): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.423.155.

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Hybrid silica-organic polymer aerogels based on tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) have been synthesized, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) have been used as organic phases. Synthetic wollastonite powder was added as bioactive phase. The composites were prepared by dispersing wollastonite powder in the sol with the assistance of high power ultrasounds to control the gelling time. Wet composites were dried under supercritical conditions of the solvent. The mechanical characterization was performed by uniaxial compression and by nanoindentation. Young`s modulus from uniaxial compression increase from 5 MPa to 100 MPa for increasing MTES content and also rupture modulus was enhanced from 0.85 MPa to about 50 MPa, so the incorporation of cross linkers in this kind of aerogels, was proven to enhance the mechanical resistance. However the inclusion of wollastonite powders provokes a dropping of the Young’s modulus and hardness. All the composites showed bioactivity by the formation of an apatite layer when immersed in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF).

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Yuan, Xiao Wen, Debes Bhattacharyya, and Allan J. Easteal. "Effect of Coupling Agents and Particle Size on Mechanical Performance of Polyethylene Composites Comprising Wollastonite Micro-Fibres." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.265.

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The usefulness of rotational moulding (rotomoulding) as a polymer processing technique is often limited by the selection of polymers, which in most cases happens to be polyethylene (PE). In the present study, PE polyethylene was blended with wollastonite microfibres and maleated polyethylene (as a coupling agent) with the purpose of developing an improved material for rotational moulding. The incorporation of wollastonite fibres without any coupling agent improved the tensile strength, but showed a reduction in impact strength. As expected, the most significant enhancement due to wollastonite was in the tensile modulus.. The addition of a coupling agent improved both the impact strength and the processability, especially when wollastonite was coated with aminosilane. Scanning electron microscopy revealed good adhesion between the coated fibre reinforcement and the polyethylene matrix at the fracture surface.

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Yusubov, F. F. "Tribological Properties of Frictional Composites Containing Wollastonite." Russian Engineering Research 42, no. 7 (July 2022): 676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x22070322.

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Pattanayak, Deepak K. "Apatite wollastonite–poly methyl methacrylate bio-composites." Materials Science and Engineering: C 29, no. 5 (June 2009): 1709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2009.01.019.

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Colorado, Henry A., Wei Yuan, Zhanhu Guo, Juanri Juanri, and Jenn-Ming Yang. "Poly-dicyclopentadiene-wollastonite composites toward structural applications." Journal of Composite Materials 48, no. 16 (July 4, 2013): 2023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998313494098.

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Lyngdoh, Gideon A., Sami Doner, Sumeru Nayak, and Sumanta Das. "Finite Element-Based Numerical Simulations to Evaluate the Influence of Wollastonite Microfibers on the Dynamic Compressive Behavior of Cementitious Composites." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 8, 2021): 4435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164435.

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This paper investigates the dynamic compressive behavior of wollastonite fiber-reinforced cementitious mortars using multiscale numerical simulations. The rate dependent behavior of the multiphase heterogeneous systems is captured in a multiscale framework that implements continuum damage towards effective property prediction. The influence of wollastonite fiber content (% by mass) as cement replacement on the dynamic compressive strength and energy absorption capacity is thereafter elucidated. An average compressive strength gain of 40% is obtained for mortars with 10% wollastonite fiber content as cement replacement, as compared to the control mortar at a strain rate of 200/s. The rate dependent constitutive responses enable the computation of energy absorption, which serves as a comparative measure for elucidating the material resistance to impact loads. Approximately a 45% increase in the dynamic energy absorption capacity is observed for the mixture containing 10% wollastonite fibers, as compared to the control case. Overall, the study establishes wollastonite fibers as a sustainable and dynamic performance-enhanced alternative for partial cement replacement. Moreover, the multiscale numerical simulation approach for performance prediction can provide an efficient means for the materials designers and engineers to optimize the size and dosage of wollastonite fibers for desired mechanical performance under dynamic loading conditions.

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Taghiyari, Hamid R., Roya Majidi, Ayoub Esmailpour, Younes Sarvari Samadi, Asghar Jahangiri, and Antonios N. Papadopoulos. "Engineering Composites Made from Wood and Chicken Feather Bonded with UF Resin Fortified with Wollastonite: A Novel Approach." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040857.

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Wood-composite panel factories are in shortage of raw materials; therefore, finding new sources of fibers is vital for sustainable production. The effects of chicken feathers, as a renewable source of natural fibers, on the physicomechanical properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and particleboard panels were investigated here. Wollastonite was added to resin to compensate possible negative effects of chicken feathers. Only feathers of the bodies of chickens were added to composite matrix at 5% and 10% content, based on the dry weight of the raw material, particles or fibers. Results showed significant negative effects of 10%-feather content on physical and mechanical properties. However, feather content of 5% showed some promising results. Addition of wollastonite to resin resulted in the improvement of some physical and mechanical properties. Wollastonite acted as reinforcing filler in resin and improved some of the properties; therefore, future studies should be carried out on the reduction of resin content. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) demonstrated the formation of new bonds between wollastonite and carbohydrate polymers in the wood cell wall. It was concluded that chicken feathers have potential in wood-composite panel production.

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Mohammadi, M., P. Alizadeh, and Z. Atlasbaf. "Investigation on electrical properties of wollastonite glass-ceramic and wollastonite glass-ceramic/TiO2 composites." Physics and Chemistry of Glasses: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part B 58, no. 5 (October 22, 2017): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.13036/17533562.58.5.020.

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Santos, G. G. dos, E. C. A. Meireles, and F. B. Miguel. "Wollastonite/TCP composites for bone regeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis." Cerâmica 66, no. 379 (September 2020): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132020663792926.

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Abstract Composite biomaterials have gained notoriety in recent decades due to the ability to combine desirable properties of each material. Thus, associating bioactivity of wollastonite (W) with biodegradability of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) becomes promising for bone repair. Therefore, this study investigated, through systematic review and meta-analysis, in vivo studies that evaluated histomorphometrically the bone repair after implantation of W/TCP composites. The searches were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS/BIREME/Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases. A total of 312 studies were identified in the databases, of which 6 were included. In data comparison, it was considered the percentage of neoformed bone (NB). Composites with a higher percentage of W and/or in the scaffold format presented higher NB. These results suggested that the association of these two materials, as well as the porous scaffold format, was determinant on NB, which makes these new composites potential for clinical use.

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Skorokhoda, Volodymyr, Nataliya Semenyuk, Iryna Dziaman, and Oleg Suberlyak. "Mineral Filled Porous Composites Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone Copolymers with Bactericidal Properties." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.02.187.

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The polymerization of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate compositions with polyvinylpyrrolidone has been investigated in the presence of mineral fillers (hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite and wollastonite). The influence of the nature and amount of mineral filler on polymerization kinetics and composition of copolymers has been determined. In the composite structure silver particles were obtained via silver nitrate reduction by polyvinylpyrrolidone tertiary nitrogen. The synthesized silver-containing composites possess bactericidal properties against E. colі and S. aureus bacteria, in particular.

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Yang, Xingxing, Chunxia He, Hongxia Yan, Min Wang, and Limei Zhao. "Effect of three different mineral components on the properties of wood flour/high-density polyethylene composites: A comparison." BioResources 13, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 5569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.5569-5579.

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To investigate the properties of wood flour/high-density polyethylene composites (WF/HDPE) filled with different kinds of mineral components (CaCO3, talc powder, and wollastonite), WF/HDPE was prepared via a molding method. The thermal properties of WF/HDPE were analyzed with a comprehensive thermal analyzer, and the mechanical properties were measured. The moisture resistance was indicated by 24 h water absorption. The results indicated that both the mechanical and physical properties of WF/HDPE samples were improved remarkably by adding CaCO3, talc powder, or wollastonite. The tensile strength with talc powder was 83% higher than the composites without the additive. The maximum residual weight of the composites with added talc powder was 21.8% at 600 °C, which was 7.47% higher than that of the composites without additive. The composites with added talc powder exhibited better water resistance. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the addition of talc powder enhanced the interaction between the components.

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Choudhary, Rajan, Inna Bulygina, Vladislav Lvov, Anna Zimina, Sergey Zhirnov, Evgeny Kolesnikov, Denis Leybo, et al. "Mechanical, Structural, and Biological Characteristics of Polylactide/Wollastonite 3D Printed Scaffolds." Polymers 14, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 3932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193932.

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The present work aimed to study the synergistic response of bioresorbable polylactide/bioactive wollastonite scaffolds towards mechanical stability, mesenchymal stromal cell colonization, and antibacterial activity in the physiological environment. Wollastonite was synthesized at 800 °C within 2 h by sol-gel combustion method. The surface area was found to be 1.51 m2/g, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) micrographs indicated the presence of porous structures. Fused deposition modeling was used to prepare 3D-printed polylactide/wollastonite and polylactide/hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs confirmed the interconnected porous structure and complex geometry of the scaffolds. The addition of wollastonite decreased the contact angle of the scaffolds. The mechanical testing of scaffolds examined by computational simulation, as well as machine testing, revealed their non-load-bearing capacity. The chemical constituent of the scaffolds was found to influence the attachment response of different cells on their surface. The incorporation of wollastonite effectively reduced live bacterial attachment, whereas the colonization of mesenchymal cells was improved. This observation confirms polylactide/wollastonite scaffold possesses both bactericidal as well as cytocompatible properties. Thus, the risk of peri-implant bacterial film formation can be prevented, and the biological fixation of the scaffold at the defect site can be enhanced by utilizing these composites.

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Unal,, Η. "Performance of Polyamide-6 /Wollastonite / Kaolin Hybrid Composites." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 10, no. 6 (December 2002): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm.2002.10.6.407.

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Greish, Y. E., and P. W. Brown. "Characterization of wollastonite-reinforced HAp-Ca polycarboxylate composites." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 55, no. 4 (2001): 618–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4636(20010615)55:4<618::aid-jbm1056>3.0.co;2-9.

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Santos, Alberto, Mohamed Ajbary, José A. Toledo-Fernández, Víctor Morales-Flόrez, Abdelhak Kherbeche, and Luis Esquivias. "Reactivity of CO2 traps in aerogel–wollastonite composites." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 48, no. 1-2 (March 18, 2008): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-008-1719-y.

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Li, Haiyan, Wanying Zhai, and Jiang Chang. "In vitro biocompatibility assessment of PHBV/Wollastonite composites." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 19, no. 1 (June 19, 2007): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-007-3170-y.

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Greish, Y. E., and P. W. Brown. "Characterization of wollastonite-reinforced HAp-Ca polycarboxylate composites." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 56, no. 3 (2001): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4636(20010905)56:3<459::aid-jbm1116>3.0.co;2-s.

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Kodal, M., S. Erturk, S. Sanli, and G. Ozkoc. "Properties of talc/wollastonite/polyamide 6 hybrid composites." Polymer Composites 36, no. 4 (April 3, 2014): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.22993.

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Ponamma, Deep Lakshmi, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Sasikumar Swamiappan, Shobana K, Sergey Kaloshkin, Fedor Senatov, Rajan Choudhary, and Lakshmi R. "Fabrication and Bioactivity Studies of Wollastonite/Polycaprolactone Composites." International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials 10, no. 2 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnbm.2022.10054351.

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Lakshmi, R., Rajan Choudhary, Fedor Senatov, Sergey Kaloshkin, Shobana Kothandam, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, and Sasikumar Swamiappan. "Fabrication and bioactivity studies of wollastonite/polycaprolactone composites." International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials 10, no. 2 (2023): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnbm.2023.132511.

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Butylina, Svetlana, and Timo Kärki. "Resistance to weathering of wood-polypropylene and wood-wollastonite-polypropylene composites made with and without carbon black." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2013-0019.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study natural and accelerated weathering of wood-polypropylene (WF-PP) and wood-wollastonite-polypropylene composites made with and without carbon black. Design/methodology/approach – Natural weathering was conducted in Ruokolahti, Finland in the time of year when solar radiation was maximal. The accelerated weathering tests included exposure to a xenon-arc source with and without spray, and a cyclic test consisting of water immersion–freeze–thaw stages. Findings – Both the type of weathering and the formulation of the composite determined the degree of change in their properties. Weathering, including xenon-arc exposure with spray resulted in much higher changes of colour of non-pigmented composites compared to natural weathering or xenon-arc weathering without spray. Both UV irradiation and moisture had an adverse effect on the Charpy impact strength of non-pigmented composites. Carbon black containing composites performed better than non-pigmented composites. Research limitations/implications – This study is a part of an ongoing research on the development of wood-polymer composites (WPCs) suitable for outdoor applications in Finnish climatic conditions. Outdoor weathering limited to 1,000 h cannot be used for the prediction of the service life of composites and was used here solely for comparative purposes. Originality/value – This paper will help to understand the effect of different weathering factors on the behaviour of WF-PP and wood-wollastonite-polypropylene composites made with and without carbon black (as UV stabiliser). The study demonstrated that while accelerated weathering tests provided useful information on the resistance of WF-PP composites to different weathering factors, they cannot be used alone to predict the behaviour of WPCs meant for outdoor application.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wollastonite composites'

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