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1

Kampen, John. "4QInstruction: Divisions and Hierarchies, by Benjamin Wold." Dead Sea Discoveries 28, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685179-02802003.

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2

Harris, Bob. "Scotland and the French Revolutionary War, 1792—1802, by Atle L. Wold." English Historical Review 132, no. 554 (February 2017): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cew408.

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3

Skedsmo, Tone. "Den norske kunstsamler Rasmus Wold Meyer 1858–1916." Konsthistorisk Tidskrift/Journal of Art History 57, no. 3-4 (January 1988): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00233608808604192.

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Bachman, Longfield, and Warren-Leigh. "Claiming “What We Must Have”: How The Wold Sisters Helped Win Ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment." Oregon Historical Quarterly 122, no. 2 (2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5403/oregonhistq.122.2.0104.

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Correa, Romar. "“On the History and the Mathematics of the Wold-Juréen (1953) Utility Function, And Its Basis for the Modeling of Giffen Behavior” revisado." Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought 10, no. 1 (June 20, 2023): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/ijhe.85773.

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Robert Sproule (2022A) demuestra que la función de utilidad de Wold-Juréen se caracteriza por la Giffenity y bajo condiciones particulares el bien Giffen es un bien inferior. Demostramos que solo un cambio de signo en la función de utilidad es suficiente para que la mercancía sea un bien Giffen y un bien inferior sin ninguna restricción impuesta sobre los parámetros del problema.
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Lawson, Dorothy, Charles Plummeridge, and Keith Swanwick. "Music and the National Curriculum in Primary Schools." British Journal of Music Education 11, no. 1 (March 1994): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051700001996.

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Abstract:This inquiry focused on the initial implementation of the National Curriculum for music in primary schools. The findings – from 39 schools in different parts of England – indicate that although some teachers are confident about introducing the new curriculum, many perceive problems implementing the programme as presently formulated. In particular there is a reluctance to teach music history and notation to the extent specified and concern is expressed by class teachers over their ability to cope with all the requirements. Successful implementation wold seem to depend on the presence of supportive head teachers, proactive subject coordinators and appropriate INSET programmes.
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Croft, Pauline. "The Reputation of Robert Cecil: Libels, Political Opinion and Popular Awareness in the Early Seventeenth Century." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 1 (December 1991): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679029.

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On 29 April 1612 the London letter writer John Chamberlain penned another of his regular epistles to his friend Sir Dudley Carleton, ambassador in Venice. For weeks a chief news item had been the declining health of the Lord Treasurer, Robert Cecil Earl of Salisbury. ‘I wish I could send you better assurance’ Chamberlain wrote, ‘but as far as I can learn there is more cause of fear than hope’. Salisbury was journeying to Bath, where he had often sought relief before, but he had been ‘very yll by the way yesterday and was almost gon once or twise’. His death was assumed to be imminent. ‘He is alredy much lamented and every man sayes what a misse there wold be of him and indeed [he] is much prayed for’. The news later in June was more of a surprise. Salisbury's passing, on the return journey from Bath, had been followed not by the expected tributes to his irreplaceability, but by a flood of ‘outragious speaches’.
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Grund, Brigid S., Spencer R. Pelton, Todd A. Surovell, Neffra A. Matthews, and Tommy A. Noble. "Bison Jump Location is Primarily Predicted by Minimizing Visibility at the Wold Site, Johnson County, Wyoming." American Antiquity 81, no. 4 (October 2016): 752–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600101076.

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The Wold Bison Jump (48JO966) is a communal bison (Bison bison) hunting site in Johnson County, Wyoming. It likely represents a single kill event precipitated by Great Plains foragers between A.D. 1433 and 1643. Operating the jump required that prehistoric hunters drive stampeding bison up a steep slope in order to position them within a V-shaped drive line configured to funnel them toward a cliff. Using iterative models of least cost paths, topographic cross-sections, and visibility analysis, we test which landscape-embedded variables are optimized at the jump site as compared to other potential localities across the study area. We find that this site’s placement is primarily explained by minimizing the distance at which the cliff face is visible and secondarily by minimizing the cost of slope and curvature routes ascending into the drive lines. Our procedure could hypothetically be used to predict optimal jump locations on similar landscapes.
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9

Jurczyk-Romanowska, Ewa, and Piotr Kwiatkowski. "From Presumption to DNA – Evolution of the Institution of the Parentage of a Child in the One-hundred-year History of Polish Law." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2019-0021.

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Abstract After the end of World War I, in 1918, Poland regained its independence to once again find its place on the map of the world after 123 years. Thus, Polish jurists were faced with the task of creating an entirely new legal order, in the realm of the law of the state system as well as criminal, administrative, civil, and family law. The evolution of the questions pertaining to the parentage of a child was key in the realisation of the child’s right to know their identity, in granting children citizenship of the newly founded state of Poland, and in securing their social, civil, and political rights. The laws of the previous governments would clearly stigmatise children born illegitimi thori. The year 1946 brought the first mitigation of the division into marital and non-marital children, and in 1950 the division was abolished. The subsequent legislative changes were aimed to follow the advances in biological and medical sciences. In its directives the Supreme Court wold accept the successive methods of establishing parentage moving gradually from the prevalence of personal sources in court proceedings to that of DNA tests. Exegesis of legal text and analysis of judicial decisions and literature. After one hundred years of adapting legal regulations to social changes and scientific discovery Poland still faces the necessity to regulate the crucial issues of in vitro fertilisation and surrogacy. The one-hundred-years evolution of legislation and jurisdiction in Poland in the context of the development of new methods of establishing parentage is described in the present paper.
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10

van Emden, Helmut F., and John Gurdon. "Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild. 5 August 1908 — 20 January 2005." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 52 (January 2006): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2006.0022.

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Miriam Louisa Rothschild was born at Ashton Wold, Northampton, on 5 August 1908 and died there on 20 January 2005, at the age of 96. She had no traditional education, but was tutored in natural history by her father and her uncle. Her first scientific studies were on parasites of marine snails and seabirds, but one of her principal achievements was the six–volume work cataloguing the Rothschild flea collection over a 30–year period. Her other main area of research was the chemical ecology of insects, particularly in mimicry, and the sequestering of toxic compounds from plants, in which she was a pioneer. She was still actively working in this area at the time of her death. Parts of her house and glasshouses were modified for research, but much of her chemical ecological work was performed in collaboration with some of the best natural–product chemists in the world. Nature conservation was dear to her heart and she developed the production of wildflower seeds on her farm and techniques for their establishment; she also lobbied energetically on behalf of nature reserves. She combined all this with the management of a large estate including a profitable farm, and was much loved by her tenants.
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11

Pastrana, Juan, José Contreras, and Josep Pica. "LA DEMONIZACIÓN DEL COMUNISMO DURANTE LA II GUERRA MUNDIAL EN "MUNDO: REVISTA DE POLÍTICA EXTERIOR Y ECONOMÍA" THE DEMONIZATION OF COMMUNISM DURING WOLD WAR II IN "MUNDO: REVISTA DE POLÍTICA EXTERIOR Y ECONOMÍA"." Vínculos de Historia. Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 04 (2015): 348–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh.v0i4.165.

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12

Abdugaffarovich, Yuldashev Otabek. "World Election History and Uzbekistan." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 6964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr2020512.

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13

Stepanchuk, Olga. "ACTIVITIES OF OLEH SHTUL-ZHDANOVYCH DURING WORLD WAR II." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 8 (December 30, 2020): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.11206.

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The aim of the article is to study the political, social and cultural activities of Oleh Shtul-Zhdanovych during World War II. In the process of the research general and special historical methods and basic principles of historical knowledge were used. The principles of historicism and scientificity allowed to analyze the activities of Oleh Shtul-Zhdanovych seen in the perspective of social and political events of the time. The principle of objectivity helped to critically analyze the literature and source base of the study. The principle of systematicity allowed to form a holistic picture of the activities of Oleh Shtul-Zhdanovych during World War II. Being based on the available source base, the article presents an unprecedented generalized image of Oleh Shtul-Zhdanovych’s activity during World War II, comprising the scientific novelty of the research. The author made conclusions that the political activity of Oleh Shtul-Zhdanovych during World War II was quite active and diverse. He became a member of the OUN (M) marching groups and actively participated in the political life of occupied Kyiv, closely cooperating with leading figures of the nationalist movement, especially with Olena Teliha and Oleh Olzhych.Oleh Shtul-Zhdanovych’s social and cultural activity during World War II is represented by his work in the editorial office of the newspaper “Ukrainske Slovo” (“Ukrainian Word”) (Kyiv). Oleh Shtul-Zhdanovych’s cooperation with Taras Bulba-Borovets was of great importance, while its purpose was to unite all independent forces against a common enemy. In fact, their cooperation supported a permanent political connection between the OUN (M) and the forces of Taras Bulba-Borovets. According to Oleh Shtul-Zhdanovych, the main goal of any struggle was to gain Ukraine’s independence. In general, the research provides an estimation of the political, social and cultural activities of Oleh Shtul-Zhdanovych in the Ukrainian lands during World War II.
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14

Qizi, Eraliyeva Munira Zaylobidin. "THE ROLE OF JALALUDDIN MANGUBERDI IN WORLD HISTORY." International Journal Of History And Political Sciences 03, no. 05 (May 1, 2023): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/volume03issue05-05.

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15

Mądry, Wojciech. "Władysław Kowalenko – zapomniany poznański prekursor badań nad rolą morza dla studiów słowiańskich we wczesnym średniowieczu." Przegląd Archiwalno-Historyczny 3 (2016): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2391-890xpah.16.004.14892.

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Artykuł przedstawia sylwetkę i losy zmarłego przed pięćdziesięciu laty, a dzisiaj niemal zupełnie zapomnianego związanego z Poznaniem badacza Słowiańszczyzny, Władysława Kowalenki. Wykazana jest w nim zarówno nieliczna literatura odnosząca się do jego osoby oraz przede wszystkim niewykorzystane dotychczas liczne materiały archiwalne. W dalszej części przedstawione są wczesne zainteresowania Kowalenki skupiające się wokół osadnictwa grodowego Wielkopolski, oraz jego działalność w okresie okupacji na tajnym Uniwersytecie Ziem Zachodnich. Czasy, w jakich przyszło mu żyć po wojnie, a także sytuacja polityczna epoki PRL wywarły niebagatelny wpływ na kierunek jego dalszej pracy naukowej. Pomimo tego, oraz podeszłego już wieku w ostatnich kilkunastu latach jego życia nastąpił znaczny rozwój jego zainteresowań badawczych związanych z dziejami morskimi Słowiańszczyzny zachodniej i południowej, znajdujący swój wyraz w licznych publikacjach. Kierował też pracami redakcyjnymi jedynego wielotomowego kompendium wiedzy o wczesnej Słowiańszczyźnie jakim jest do dzisiaj Słownik starożytności słowiańskich. Obecnie dorobek naukowy Kowalenki nadal jest wykorzystywany przez badaczy i cytowany w ich pracach Władysław Kowalenko – a forgotten pioneer of research on the importance of sea for the Slavic nations in the early Middle Ages from Poznań The articles presents the character and the life of Władysław Kowalenko, a researcher in Slavic studies connected to Poznań, who died 50 years ago and is now almost entirely forgotten. The article presents primarily the archive materials which had not been used so far, and includes the scarce pieces of literature concerning Kowalenko. The subsequent part of the article presents his early interest in the town settlements in Greater Poland and his activity during the occupation in an underground University of the Western Lands. The times in which he lived after the Second Wold War and the political situation of socialist Poland significantly influenced the direction of his academic work later on. It can be noticed that in the final years of his life, despite the circumstances and despite his advanced age, a significant development of his research interests related to the marine history of the western and southern parts of the Slavic area can be observed, which was expressed in numerous publications. Kowalenko also supervised the editorial work on the only multi-volume encyclopedia concerning the early Slavic history – the “Dictionary of Ancient Slavic History”. At present, the academic legacy of Kowalenko is still used by researchers and quoted in their works.
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16

Mahaletskyi, Andriy. "HISTORICAL MEMORY ABOUT THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN UKRAINE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 12 (March 31, 2023): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112049.

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The aim of the work is to investigate the state and development of the historical memory of the First World War in Ukraine, to find out the reasons that led to the forgetting one of the bloodiest pages of Ukrainian history. The methodology of the investigation is based on using application of the principles of historicism and objectivity, which are important in the characterization of historical events related to the state policy and memory. The historical-genetic method allows to find out the path of the Great War memory in Ukraine. The historical-systemic method provides consideration of the socio-political processes in their interrelationship and cause-to-effect dependence. The scientific novelty consists in systematization of the processed literature and sources regarding commemoration of the First World War, its origin and evolution. The indicated archival documents were introduced into scientific circulation by the author for the first time. Conclusions: The First World War marked the end of the long XIX century and brought drastic changes in the political, social and economic systems of the world. It was a fratricidal war for Ukraine that had extremely important long-term consequences. This is a forgotten war despite more than 4 million Ukrainian participants and about 1,5 million dead people in modern Ukraine. Commemoration in the different countries differs. Though there are certain common trends. Most of participating countries, except for Eastern European countries, actively supported the memory of the dead from the very first years. However, on the territory of the former Russian Empire, revolutionary events and the memory of it displaced memories of the “imperialist” war. The end of the XX century becomes a turning point in the historical policy of individual countries and since 2014, interest in studying the history of the First World War in Ukraine has been actively growing.
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Stelnykovych, Serhii, Oleksandr Zhukovskyi, and Olga Bilobrovets. "NAZI OCCUPATION AND DISMANTLING OF COMMUNIST MONUMENTS IN UKRAINE DURING WORLD WAR II." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 8 (December 30, 2020): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.11205.

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This paper considers the measures undertaken by the Nazi occupation administration to dismantle Communist monuments in Ukraine during World War II. The research methodology integrates general scientific and special historical methods and the basic principles of historical research, namely: historicism, scientificity, objectivity, and systematicity. The principles of historicism and scientificity have contributed to complex representation of the processes of dismantling the Bolshevik monuments in interconnection and interrelation with the events of that period. The principle of objectivity has facilitated the analysis of the outlined issues taking into account the objective historical regularities, based on a critical analysis of the specialized literature and sources. The principle of systematicity has been used togain a holistic picture of Communist monuments dismantling in Ukraine during World War II. This paper is the first research considering the measures to dismantle Communist monuments in Ukraine under the Nazi occupation on the basis of a comprehensive range of historical sources. The authors come to the conclusion that dismantling of Communist monuments in Ukraine was initiated at the beginning of the Nazi occupation. Bolshevik monuments were often demolished, whereas monuments without any ideological charge were preserved. The policy was supported by the local population, who associated ideological monuments with the Bolshevik anti-Ukrainian policy of the interwar period. To sustain anti-Soviet sentiments, the occupation administration promoted the local initiatives to erect monuments with anti-Bolshevik content (mostly monuments in memory of the Ukrainians executed by the NKVD). The evidence from this study indicates that Bolshevik ideological monuments were completely demolished on the territory of Ukraine during World War II.
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Dittfeld, Anna, Katarzyna Gwizdek, and Anna Brończyk-Puzoń. "History of endocrinology in the world and in Poland." Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism 23, no. 3 (2017): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18544/pedm-23.03.0086.

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19

Rao, Rojukurthi Sudhakar. "Continental African Awe Era (CAWE) in Modern World History." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 4, no. 7 (July 2023): 973–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.4.723.48563.

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20

Bozorova, Nazokat Маmasoatovna. "INCREASING STUDENT ACTIVITY IN HISTORY CLASSES AND THE USE OF LOCAL SECOND WORLD WAR HISTORY ISSUES." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 06 (June 28, 2021): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-13.

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In the learning process, the main task is to teach history, rely on a national basis, study the traditions of our people, such as enlightenment, tolerance, hospitality, caring, faith, kindness, honor and instill them in our hearts. young people. As in the case of the education system, the growing demand for lessons in modern history, the variety of subjects, the growing attention to historical sources, the daily need for modern pedagogical and information and communication technologies - this is the real picture of today’s education.
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Bozorova, Nazokat Маmasoatovna. "INCREASING STUDENT ACTIVITY IN HISTORY CLASSES AND THE USE OF LOCAL SECOND WORLD WAR HISTORY ISSUES." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 02, no. 06 (June 30, 2021): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-06-29.

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In the learning process, the main task is to teach history, rely on a national basis, study the traditions of our people, such as enlightenment, tolerance, hospitality, caring, faith, kindness, honor and instill them in our hearts. young people. As in the case of the education system, the growing demand for lessons in modern history, the variety of subjects, the growing attention to historical sources, the daily need for modern pedagogical and information and communication technologies - this is the real picture of today’s education.
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22

Володимир Васильович Очеретяний and Інна Іванівна Ніколіна. "THE PROCESS OF CREATING THE NAZI CAMP SYSTEM IN POLAND DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111817.

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This article analyzes the process of creating the German camp system in Poland. The Nazi racial politics towards the Jews promoted their isolation from the so-called "full part of society". For this purpose, two main mechanisms for their separation were created: concentration camps, some of which were transformed into "factories of death", and Jewish ghettos. The establishment of concentration camps in Poland was preceded by a long process of organizational and legal registration first in Germany itself, and later on the territories occupied by it. This process was accompanied by numerous Jewish pogroms and arrests, which was an integral part of the Nazi anti-Semitic policy. Concentration camps were carefully thought out and well-organized institutions with a refined mechanism of prisoners’ maintenance, coercion and punishment. Different by their intended purpose were "death camps" that were not intended to hold prisoners, but to destroy them quickly and in large scale. Most of them were located on the territory of Poland, where the Jews from all over Europe were brought. These included Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau and Maydanek. It was observed in the article that German concentration camps were created to isolate, repress and destroy the undesirable elements of the regime. Despite the early formation of this system, its dissemination in the territories occupied by the Nazis, particularly in Poland, took place in 1938-1939s. At that time the German concentration camps turned into an instrument of ruthless anti-Semitic policy that became a classic genocide. Due to the fact that the concentration camps capacities did not allow to sufficiently fulfill their tasks, during 1939-1945s in Poland, new, so-called "death camps" were established. They were equipped with gas chambers and crematorium that carried out large-scale destruction of the Jews.
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Олександр Вікторович Мосієнко. "PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN AT THE SOUTH-WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR: ANALYSIS OF HISTORIOGRAPHY." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.11184.

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Modernity alongside with new technologies development, fundamental changes in the printing industry and informatization of society presented the mankind with such an invention as propaganda. It became an integral part of authoritarian and totalitarian political regimes of the XXth century. However, as a tool of consciousness manipulation, it was actively used by the empires during the "long" XIXth century. In the conditions of the First World War propaganda played a significant role in the mobilization processes and in the formation of the enemy's image. The article attempts to assess the effectiveness of the propaganda during the First World War. The article examines the researches that analyze the events of the war from the point of view of Soviet, modern Ukrainian and foreign historiography and contain descriptions of the propaganda campaign on the front line and in the rear. The state of modern historical research is highlighted and the prospects of further research are indicated. The study of the experience of the First World War and the information component of the fighting can be useful, given the fact that the Russian Federation today uses ideological stamps of that period.The analysis of existing studies on the issues of the First World War in general and its propaganda component in particular proves an increasing interest in the investigation of information warfare topic. Since 2014, the number of studies devoted to the First World War has increased in domestic and foreign research. The Ukrainian regions were a part of Austria-Hungary and Russia, so the usage of the Ukrainian national question in the propaganda of those states was significant. However, the issue of the propaganda war between the two empires is not covered comprehensively.The first study on this subject was of general practical character. The first foreign scholars who examined propaganda were mass communication specialists. For Soviet historical science, the priority task was to study the revolutionary events of 1917 and the period of the civil war. The events of 1914-1918 were interpreted only as an imperialist war, their study was conducted tendentiously. Modern historiography on the First World War reflects the main directions of the European historical school at the beginning of the XXIst century with a focus on social and socio-cultural history. Foreign historiography is represented by Russian, European and American authors. In their research considerable attention is paid to the topic of military psychology and cultural-anthropological aspects of war. The analysis of the extent of the given problem research in the studies of foreign historians suggests a sufficient level of its investigation. Modern historians pay much attention to the ideological aspect, the analysis of visual propaganda. The interest in considering the mechanisms for the formation of images of the enemy, its state and allies increased. A promising object of historical research is the study of the verbal and nonverbal aspects of the propaganda production of both empires.
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Kuzovova, Natalia. "THE ROLE OF UKRAINE’S PARTY ARCHIVES IN THE SHAPING OF THE SOVIET MYTH OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN THE 60S-80S OF THE 20TH CENTURY (A CASE STUDY OF THE ARCHIVE DEPARTMENT OF KHERSON OBLAST COMMITTEE OF THE CPU)." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 8 (December 30, 2020): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.11207.

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The goal of the paper is to study the activity of the party archives of the Communist Party of Ukraine (the CPU) in 1960-1980, aimed at creating sets of documents about the Second World War - the documents of personal origin and thematic collections; to determine the main principles that guided the archival institutions while conducting the selection of fund-forming agents and documents which in their opinion were supposed to adequately reflect the Second World War events; to characterize the directions of search, archeographic and publishing work of Soviet archivists; to analyse the information content, completeness, and reliability of the created sets of documents, the consequences of the party archives' activity for the historical memory of the Second World War events. Research methodology. In the course of the research, general scientific and specific historical methods of source and archival heuristics, scientific criticism of sources, diplomatic, textual, and hermeneutical analysis were used. Scientific novelty. The paper introduces the previously unpublished documents on the history of party archives into scientific discourse and reveals the technologies for falsifying the Second World War history at the level of archival institutions during the specified period.Conclusions. In the course of the research, it was found out that the document collections were made in violation of the principles of archival science, which led to the shaping of the Soviet myth of the Great Patriotic War. However, as a result of their activities, the archivists accumulated a lot of interesting historical material, which was not made public due to ideological principles and it creates a certain field for contemporary studies on the history of the Second World War.
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Bilobrovets, Olga. "THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF UKRAINE AND POLAND: CHANGING APPROACHES AND DISCOURSE." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 9 (December 25, 2021): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112014.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the research on the First World War, specifically focusing on changing topics and new discourses, clarifying the place and role of the Great War in the historical memory of Ukrainian and Polish peoples over the centuries and analyzing the means of its actualization and memorialization. The research methodology is based on comparative studies aiming to shed light on convergence and divergence in the historical memory of the First World War in Ukraine and Poland over the past hundred years. The historical-analytical method is employed to characterize the Ukrainian and Polish historiography on the Great War and analyze the information space to identify current trends in representing war events, new discourses, and commemorative practices. The scientific novelty. The study highlights new approaches to the study of the First World War by historians and demonstrates the growth of its role and importance in the historical memory of Ukraine and Poland in the first decades of the XXI century. Conclusions. The First World War, though being an epoch-making event in the history of mankind for decades, was considered a "forgotten" war and received little attention in the historical research of Ukrainian and Polish scholars. In Soviet historiography, it was positioned as the war of the imperialists and did not arouse much interest. Polish historians mainly focused on studying the solution to the Polish issue during the war, the activities of Polish socialist political parties, and the revival of Polish statehood. Only in the late 90's of the twentieth century, a number of studies on the Great War appeared in Poland and Ukraine, with topics of research and discourses revealing such global phenomena as refugees, showing economic, social, and cultural aspects of the war, clarifying the personal, emotional, and psychological level of its perception by the population of warring countries. On the 100th anniversary of the beginning and end of the Great War, the popularization of knowledge about the war was intensified through the creation of special programs, documentaries and feature films, a series of interviews, TV and radio programs with famous historians discussing the main events and consequences of the war, reflecting on its lessons and prevention of future military conflicts. In Poland, the jubilee anniversaries of the war facilitated the resumption of activities to perpetuate the memory of the war participants through the installation of monuments, memorials, and the creation of museum exhibits.
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Safikhodjaeva, Nodira Nabievna. "EVACUATION OF ORPHANS TO UZBEKISTAN DURING WORLD WAR II." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-09-01.

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This article discusses the evacuation of orphans to Uzbekistan during World War II. The domestic workers, who were among the true creators of the victory, showed examples of unparalleled courage, cohesiveness, and great courage in the face of the inhuman and innumerable sufferings, endless calamities, and calamities inflicted by Nazi Germany. Uzbekistan has been at the forefront of meeting the material needs of defense, has spared no effort to demonstrate its noble human qualities.
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Safikhodjaeva, Nodira Nabievna. "EVACUATION OF ORPHANS TO UZBEKISTAN DURING WORLD WAR II." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-09-01.

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This article discusses the evacuation of orphans to Uzbekistan during World War II. The domestic workers, who were among the true creators of the victory, showed examples of unparalleled courage, cohesiveness, and great courage in the face of the inhuman and innumerable sufferings, endless calamities, and calamities inflicted by Nazi Germany. Uzbekistan has been at the forefront of meeting the material needs of defense, has spared no effort to demonstrate its noble human qualities.
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Олександр Вікторович Мосієнко. "AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN AND RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA AMONG THE PRISONERS OF WAR DURING WORLD WAR I: ANALYSIS OF PRACTICES." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111828.

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The article traces the peculiarities of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian propaganda on prisoners of war and interned persons. The state of the study of the topic in the modern historical literature is analyzed and unresolved aspects are indicated. The use of prisoners of war for political and military purposes was sought by both empires. In the course of the First World War, the Russian command took such a step as the formation of military units from the prisoners of war of the hostile army – Czechs, Slovaks and Serbs. These units were created not only as purely military but also political units – for the agitation of the Slavic population of Austria-Hungary to the rebellion against government. In the Habsburg monarchy also hoped to use prisoners of war to undermine the combat capability of the Russian army. For this purpose, the Austro-Hungarian camps began the differentiation of the prisoners on a national basis. Ukrainian and Polish prisoners of war of the czar’s army were under privileged conditions, better provided with food, as well as better conditions for leisure and educational practices. Significant work in this direction was deployed by Ukrainian organizations that functioned on the territory of Austria-Hungary. Political agitation was supplemented by religious, which was carried out by Ukrainian priests from Galicia and Bukovina. National-cultural propaganda of the Union of the Liberation of Ukraine (SVU) and the separation of prisoners on national grounds for the Austrian military command were a means of recruiting volunteers for front-line propaganda, organizing an uprising in the rear of the Russian army in the Caucasus and the Kuban. Imperial propaganda was carried out mainly through print media specifically designed for prisoners of war.A promising object of historical research is the study of the content and visual aspects of propaganda, the peculiarities of the cooperation of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian authorities with representatives of national organizations in organizing propaganda among prisoners of war.
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Mosienko, Oleksandr. ""ASIAN ENEMY": THE IMAGE OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN PROPAGANDA OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 13 (December 21, 2023): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112059.

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Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine peculiarities of the formation of the image of the Russian Empire as an enemy in Austro-Hungarian propaganda during the First World War. Methodology. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization) were used to collect information and analyze it. Methods of visual anthropology, history of propaganda were used. The analysis of the received information made it possible to recreate the wartime processes using the method of reconstruction. The scientific novelty is that for the first time, on the basis of the collected materials, the peculiarities of Austro-Hungarian propaganda in creating the image of the enemy from the Russian Empire during the First World War were analyzed, the aspects of creating the image of the internal enemy were noted, and conclusions were drawn about the results of the propaganda of the Habsburg Empire. Conclusions. Austro-Hungarian propaganda used the image of a "threat from the east". It has been established that already in 1914, military personnel on the front lines and the population in the rear formed certain attitudes towards Russia. Propaganda has fulfilled its task of forming the image of the enemy. The process of creating specialized institutions that were engaged in propaganda in the Habsburg Empire, the use of such means as caricatures and films is considered. The image of the external enemy was supplemented by an internal enemy. The Jewish, Polish and Ukrainian population of the border areas became such an enemy for Austria-Hungary. The higher military command of the Habsburgs tried to shift the responsibility for the defeats of the first stage of the war on these national minorities. On the domestic information front, visual propaganda was represented by posters, postcards, and films. The state of modern research on the issue is highlighted and the prospects for further research are outlined.
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Alyoshina, Oksana. "MISSIONARY AND CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES OF ST. VOLODYMYR’S BROTHERHOOD OF KYIV PROVINCE (THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES)." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 9 (December 25, 2021): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112025.

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This article analyzes the charitable and missionary activities of St. Volodymyr’s Brotherhood. These areas were of primary importance in the Brotherhood’s activities and reflected the intentions of the Russian authorities to consolidate the Orthodox religion on the territory of Right-Bank Ukraine and Galicia during World War I. The methodology of the paper is based on the principles of historicism alongside the general scientific and special-historical methods: critical, analytical, synthesis, and generalization. Scientific novelty. On the basis of the little-known archival documents, the missionary activity of the Brotherhood among the Jews was analyzed, the quantitative indicators of the so-called “christenings” were introduced into scientific circulation. The main aspects of philanthropic activities of the Brotherhood during World War I were revealed. Conclusions. The new economic conditions associated with the results of the reform in the Russian Empire and the rapid pace of modernization demanded additional investments and the presence of the most loyal population in rather troublesome “neighborhoods”, which included Kyiv as part of Right-Bank Ukraine, from the authorities. The revival of religious institutions, perceived as “foreign” in the first half of the century, was part of the imperial plan to build a new model of loyalty and identity in the “Russian world” in which Orthodoxy had a prominent place. The desire of some Jews to go beyond the traditional constraints associating with Judaism and turning them into “foreigners” proved to be in tune with the tasks assigned to the brotherhoods in the context of their missionary activities. The charity of the brotherhoods during World War I had a completely pragmatic basis. In this way, the Russian authorities relied on the loyalty of Galician Greek Catholics (with far-reaching prospects for their conversion to the Orthodox faith).
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Rakhmonqulova, Zumrad. "WORLD WAR I AND TURKESTAN: SOME INFORMATION ABOUT CAPTURED TURKISH SOLDIERS." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-11-12.

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The Turkish soldiers captured by Tsarist Russia in the First World War, like the people of Turkestan, were mobilized to work in the rear. There will be a brotherhood between them and the workers from Turkestan. When the war ended, the captured Turkish soldiers tried to return to their homeland from Russia via Central Asia. Among the captured Turkish soldiers were many intellectuals, some of whom came to Central Asia. They teach in schools and madrassas in Tashkent, Fergana, Andijan, Samarkand, Khiva and Bukhara.
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Khasanov, Bunyod K. "PUBLIC EDUCATION ACTIVITIES OF NAMANGAN PROVINCE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 03, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-03-11-01.

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In the article, during the Second World War, the activities of the public education system of the Namangan region, the courses to end illiteracy, the training of military personnel for the front, the attendance of schoolchildren, the positive and negative aspects of the education system are covered based on the analysis of primary documents.
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Sałata, O. "CRIMEA AND MAINLAND UKRAINE: ON THE WAY TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD (1945-1954)." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 11 (December 1, 2022): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112045.

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The article provides an overview of the monographs of P.V. Satsky, devoted to the peculiarities of the socio-economic development of Crimea in the first decade after the end of World War II and the problems the solution of which was related to the inclusion of the peninsula into Soviet Ukraine.
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Kuzovova, Natalia. "SOVIET REPRESSION AGAINST REFUGEE JEWS FROM THE TERRITORY OF POLAND AND CZECH-SLOVAKIA BEFORE AND AT THE BEGINNING OF WORLD WAR II." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 9 (December 25, 2021): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112018.

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Purpose: to analyze a set of documents stored in the funds of the State Archives of Kherson region – cases of repressed refugees from Poland and Czechoslovakia in 1938-1941. Based on historiographical and source studies on this topic, to outline the general grounds for arrest and persecution of refugees by Soviet authorities and to find out why Jews – former citizens of Poland and Czechoslovakia – found themselves in the focus of repression. Research methodology. The main research methods were general and special-historical, as well as methods of archival heuristics and scientific criticism of sources. Scientific novelty. Previously unpublished documents are introduced into scientific circulation: cases of repressed refugees from Poland and Czechoslovakia, analysis of the Soviet government's policy towards Jews who tried to escape from the Nazis in the USSR and the Union Republics in southern Ukraine, including Kherson. The forms of repression applied by the NKVD to refugee Jews are analyzed, and the consequences of such a policy for the German government's policy of genocide in the occupied territories are examined. Conclusions. The study found that the formal reason for the persecution of Jewish refugees was the illegal crossing of the border with the USSR, since the Soviet Union, like many countries in the world, refused to accept Jews fleeing the Nazi persecution. The Soviet government motivated this by the fact that refugee Jews spread mood of defeat and panic, spied for Germany, Britain, and Poland, had anti-Soviet views, and conducted anti-Soviet campaigning. As a result of the arrests and deportations of Jewish refugees, the Jewish population, particularly in southern Ukraine, was unaware of the persecution of Jews in lands occupied by Nazi Germany. In fact, the Jewish refugees sent to the concentration camps, along with the Germans of Ukraine and the Volga region, were the only groups of people thus "evacuated" by the Soviet authorities on ethnic grounds. However, due to the enemy's rapid offensive, refugees who did not fall into the hands of the NKVD shared the tragic fate of Ukrainian Jews during the Holocaust.
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Penikas, H. "History of the World Largest Credit Risk Losses in 1972–2018." Higher School of Economics Economic Journal 24, no. 1 (2020): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1813-8691-2020-24-1-9-27.

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Ольга Анатоліївна Колесник. "FROM VOLYN TO BABYN YAR: UKRAINIAN COMPONENT IN THE MUSEUM OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN GDANSK AS A POLISH SITE OF MEMORY." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111823.

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The Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk was opened on the 23rd of March 2017 and one of the main aims of the institution was to represent the history of the war with the focus on the Eastern and Central Europe. However, from the very beginning, when the idea of creating of such museum developed in 2008, it has become the memory battleground for Polish intellectuals as well as for Polish politicians. The overall situation led to the change of the director of the museum and several pieces in the permanent exhibition after its official opening. From this point of view Ukrainian topics in the permanent exhibition do not only represent the Polish vision of the Second World War, but they also show the issues relevant for the Polish-Ukrainian dialogue nowadays. Among the main Ukrainian topics, which are represented in the main exhibition, there are several theme groups: 1) September 17, 1939; 2) occupation and collaboration; 3) violence against the Jewish population; 4) ethnic cleansing in Volyn and Eastern Galicia; 5) forced workers in the Third Reich; 6) deportations and resettlement. The analysis of the aforementioned historical themes shows that the exhibition presents the main events which are being investigated in the current Ukrainian historiography and not all of them have a direct connection with Polish history (for instance, forced labor or mass shootings of the Jews on the pre-war Soviet territory). At the same time, the event like Volyn massacre is represented as ethnic cleansing, while pogroms against the Jews in 1941 in Lviv are put in a wider context of violence at the beginning of the war alongside with other similar pogroms in Jedwabne.
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Вікторія Сергіївна Панченко. "WORLD VOLINES COURT ON THE VALUE OF LEGAL AND REGULAR IN THE YEAR OF UKRAINIAN REVOLUTION OF THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.11188.

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Introduction The transformational processes occurring in Ukraine today have necessitated the search for new forms of the judicial system organization. The system should be effective, simple and accessible to the public. Most of these requirements correspond to the Peace Court, which under different names has been successfully operating in England, Israel, Italy, Switzerland, the USA and Canada.T herefore, today it is important to study the practice of its formation and development.Goal: based on the analysis of the normative framework of the peace courts functioning in 1917-1919, their judicial practices and conditions of activity, to determine the degree of effectiveness of local justice and its role in establishing the rule of law and order in the Volyn province during the National Revolution.Results After the formation of the Ukrainian governments, the judicial reforms were launched, which changed the structure and competence of local courts. In 1917-1919, the Higher Regional Courts were closed, and their cases were transferred to peace courts. From 1919, the latter could consider the claims worth up to 10,000 rubles and criminal cases with losses of up to 60,000 rubles. Peace judge Petro Ilkevich, commenting on these changes, with pride and sadness said: "No state in the world has such a judicial individual power with such an extensive competency as our peace justice!" The judge's doubts and anxieties were due to big amounts work that judges had to perform then.The Ukrainization of the judicial process became a difficult issue during the judicial reform. The relevant law was adopted on March 1st, 1918, but it was not fully implemented. The shortage of funds, professionals and time prevented its implementation. However, given the enthusiasm of the Volyn judges, their documentation was conducted in Ukrainian already in 1918. The increased attention to the jurisdiction normalization and the improvement of the judicial system testified the Government's desire to ensure the priority of the laws and their strict observance by practical steps. At the same time, the complicated internal political situation, that forced the government to balance on the verge and find compromises, did not allow to fully control the implementation of laws on the ground. The implementation of legislative innovations, as practice shows, completely depended on the initiative and commitment of regional managers and officials, including judges, to the Ukrainian endeavor.The overthrow of autocracy and the proclamation of the national power in the face of the Central Rada, along with the wave of popular upheaval and revolutionary enthusiasm, caused the growth of crime, looting and local anarchy. In 1917-1919, one judge at Zhytomyr Peace Congress on average considered 404 criminal and 287 civil cases, with 60% of the proceedings being completed within two or three months, 39.5% lasting to six months and only 0.5% due to independent reasons lasting more than a year. At the same time, only 7% of the sentences were appealed in higher courts. These indicators convincingly prove the effectiveness of the legal process and the professionalism of the judges who made decisions regardless of the political conjuncture, taking into account only the laws and the sense of justice.Difficult financial situation made it complicated for peace judges to fulfill their duties. For example, V. Lebedinsky, the head of the peace congress, wrote: "Although the judge is a representative of the supreme power in the province, but is forced to lead a poverty-like life – ragged clothes, unable to provide a decent education to his children, be treated if necessary and hold servants, he lives half-starved." The housing issue also remained unresolved. The influx of refugees to the province, as well as the destruction of buildings through military operations, made it virtually impossible to rent a decent room for the court The buildings for courts were allocated on a residual principle, which meant their low quality and high cost. Due to small salaries, the court offices remained without scribes and secretaries. This made judges, tired of their direct duties, stay late in the evening to complete the documents themselves.Conclusion. In 1917-1919s, the Volyn peace courts continued to administer justice in the region and provide qualified legal assistance to the population. Ukrainian governments have taken measures to build the structure and increase the competence of local courts, but ignored the logistical support of judicial activities. At the same time, education, rich professional and life experience helped peace judges partially solve these difficulties.
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Abdullayevna, Fayzullayeva Klara. "THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL CAMPS IN GERMANY DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 03, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-03-01-01.

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The history of special camps in the Soviet zone is practically an aspect of the Soviet occupation policy in Germany that has not been studied in historiography. This article highlights and analyzes various aspects of the history of these special camps: the reason for their creation, the course of the deployment of the camp system during the Second World War, the nature of the contingent held in the camps, their staffing, as well as the place of special camps in the system of Soviet military administration bodies and their role in the activities of Soviet state security bodies in East Germany in the first post-war years.
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Burieva, Khayriya A. "ON THE HISTORY OF EVACUATION MEASURES IN UZBEKISTAN DURING WORLD WAR II." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 03, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-03-11-04.

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This article discusses on the history of evacuation measures in Uzbekistan during World War II. In addition to the urban population, agricultural workers (500 thousand people) were also involved in the construction of these industrial facilities. In the materials of the archives of the Republic of Uzbekistan, one can find facts confirming the participation of the population in construction work. The leadership of the republic actively carried out work to provide these enterprises with workers. Measures to attract the local population to work at the factories were continuous in the subsequent war years.
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Doniyorov, Alisher Kh, and Valisher E. Abirov. "THEORETICAL CONCEPTUAL VIEWS ON THE EMERGENCE OF THE NATION IN WORLD HISTORIOGRAPHY." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 03, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-03-10-01.

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The article discusses and analyzes theoretical approaches to the emergence of people in the world. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem of ethnos and ethnicity, ethnogenesis and ethnic history based on the approaches of primordialism, constructivism and instrumentalism are considered. The main purpose of the analysis of these approaches is to identify the current fate of the Uzbek people and the views associated with its formation, and which path is optimal for its further development. The essence of the theory of “ethnos” is explained and its consequences are considered. A critical opinion is given about the leading position of Soviet protectionism (the state of protecting one’s views) in ethnological studies of Uzbekistan. A new theoretical and methodological approach to local history is needed, related to the origin of the people, the peoples of the region, at the same time, it is important to solve this problem in the history of Uzbekistan.
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Mahmudboeva, Dilnoza U. "SOCIO-POLITICAL FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEMINIST MOVEMENTS IN THE WORLD." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 03, no. 08 (August 1, 2022): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-03-08-02.

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Despite the activity of the feminist movement in our country, there are still misunderstandings and misconceptions. However, this is one of the common problems not only for our country, but for all mankind. For this reason, in this article, we have tried to compare different scientific and historical perspectives that realistically assess feminism. Also, the article reveals theoretical and empirical evidence of women's individuality, dignity and independence, education and professional activities, participation in public and civil life in the context of historicity.
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Pollock, Sheldon. "Literary History, Indian History, World History." Social Scientist 23, no. 10/12 (October 1995): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3517886.

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43

Podobied, Olena. "THE DISPLACED PERSONS ERA IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE CHILD AND THE SCIENTIST." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 8 (December 30, 2020): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112012.

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Review: Larissa Zaleska Onyshkevych. Bombs, Borders, and Two Right Shoes. World War II Through the Eyes of a Refugee Child. Lviv: Litopys publ., 2018. 258 p. It is proved that the book of memoirs by Larysa Zaleska Onyshkevych is a valuable source on the history of Displaced Persons and refugees from Ukraine in post war West Germany. We can learn from its pages how refugee children lived, what they felt, what they dreamed about, what they were afraid of during the DP era, what factors influenced the formation of their worldview and civic position.
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Akhmedshina, Faniya Avzalovna. "GENDER ASPECT OF THE PROBLEM OF CHILD MARRIAGES IN THE WORLD AND UZBEKISTAN." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 04, no. 05 (May 1, 2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-04-05-03.

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The problems of child marriages in the modern world are becoming more and more relevant. In the article, based on numerous data from many countries, as well as for Uzbekistan, the problems of early marriages, early childbirth, their negative impact on the health of young mothers and their children are considered. Child marriage is considered a form of forced marriage, provided that both parties have not expressed full, free and informed consent to the marriage and are under 18 years of age, widely accepted as the age at which a person becomes an adult and receives full civil rights.
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Stelnykovych, Sergiy. "EUROPEAN MIGRANT CRISIS AS CONDITIONED BY THE FULL-SCALE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 14 (May 29, 2024): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112073.

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The aim of the paper is to analyse the current European migrant crisis, as the massive movement of Ukrainian refugees to the EU countries, beginning after the full-scale Russian military invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The methodology of the research is based on general scientific and special historical methods, sociological and demographic tools, the theory of human capital, the concept of «push and pull factors», the foundations of the neoclassical economic macro-level theory of migration. The topicality of the research is conditioned by the fact that it is the first attempt to examine the European migrant crisis. The cause of this is the movement of millions of Ukrainian refugees to the European Union because of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the largest European migrant crisis since the Second World War has been caused by the Russian full-scale military invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. It has led to the displacement of millions of Ukrainian refugees, mostly women and children particularly to the EU. The Temporary Protection Directive for refugees from Ukraine has been activated for the first time, and all EU countries have supported it unanimously. Due to the relative front line stability, most Ukrainians have returned to their motherland. Today, there are about 6.5 million Ukrainian refugees in the world, and more than 6 million of them are in the EU. The solution to the European migrant crisis caused by the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war is only possible if Ukraine wins.
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Mamarajabov, Gayrat Abdulkhakimovich, and Fazliddin Jovlievich Izzatullaev. "HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ART OF EMBROIDERY IN THE UZBEK NATIONAL CRAFT." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 06 (June 28, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-12.

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The art of embroidery, embodied in the world famous masters of the Uzbek people and the national fabrics they create, with its brilliance, variety of colors, Islamic conditions has found its place in the world national art. Although our national embroidery has evolved over the centuries and is distinguished by beauty, diversity and regional differences, in turn, they complement each other. The word kashta comes from the Persian-Tajik language and means "kashida", which means to pull, sew. Embroidery is an important branch of the applied arts of the Surkhandarya oasis. Among the embroidery items of the population of the oasis are suzana, zardevor, borposh, sandalposh, jainamaz, lolabolish, belars (belt), kettle, bag for salt, bag for spoons, glass bag, brick, towels designed to cover beds.
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V.C.P. "World History." Americas 46, no. 4 (April 1990): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500076926.

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Seshan, Radhika. "World History and the World History of Science." Asian Review of World Histories 7, no. 1-2 (January 23, 2019): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340054.

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Andrii Mahaletskyi. "THE MYTH OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR AS A TOOL OF RUSSIA’S PROPAGANDA INFLUENCE IN THE HYBRID WAR AGAINST UKRAINE." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 8 (December 30, 2020): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.11208.

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The purpose of this paper is to observe the formation of Russia’s myth of the Great Patriotic War as a tool of Russian propaganda influence and its uses in the Russo-Ukrainian war. The research methodology. The study applies the principles of historicism and objectivity that are essential for revealing historical events in the state policy sphere. The historic and genetic method is employed to determine the sources, development and uses of the myth of the Great Patriotic War as an element of the Russian Federation’s propaganda. The historical and systematic method sustains the analysis of socio-political processes in their interrelation and causal dependence. The scientific novelty of the paper. The research determines the preconditions for the formation of the myth of the Great Patriotic War, its development and subsequent use by the Russian Federation for propaganda purposes in the hybrid war against Ukraine. Conclusions. President Putin’s rise to power in Russia and his goal to assert Russian strength and power in the world, active imperial ambitions, and attempts to maintain control over the post-Soviet space, supported by military actions, necessitated the revival and active use of the myth of the Great Patriotic War. Mythologization of the events of the Second World War became an element of ideological struggle and propaganda activity in Ukraine and other post-Soviet countries. Armed actions against Ukraine were preceded by the formation of the “victorious people” attitude in the Russian society, with the myth of the Great Patriotic War being its integral part. Therefore, the Kremlin has managed not only to distract the population from internal problems, but also achieved massive support for Russiaʼs hostilities on the territories of other countries. By pursuing the policy of “appropriating” victory in the war, the Russian government thereby diminishes the contribution of both the allied states and the former Soviet republics to the defeat of Nazism.
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Zhiryakov, Olexandr, and Serhii Pachev. "Using the alternative history method in the study of World War II." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 4 (342) (2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-4(342)-16-26.

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Abstract:
The article discusses the scientific experience of using the „alternative history” method in the study of the history of the Second World War. The authors revealed the peculiarities of the methodology for applying this method in world historical science until the middle of the twentieth century, showed its research capabilities and shortcomings. The features of the use of the method of alternative history in the modern historiography of the Second World War are revealed. The purpose of this article is to compare the main methodological approaches to the application of the method of „alternative history” in the historiography of World War II, to determine the degree of their appropriateness and correctness. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set: to consider the genesis of the method of „alternative history”, to establish and reveal its key provisions, the algorithm of use, application and features of use in British and Russian historiography. At the present stage, the method of alternative history makes it possible to significantly expand the cognitive possibilities in the study of the history of the Second World War. Its use was pioneered by representatives of Anglo-American historiography. In the post-Soviet space, this method was established much later.
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