Academic literature on the topic 'Wolbachia endosymbionts'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wolbachia endosymbionts"
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López-San Juan, Mireya Paloma. "Endosymbionts associated with Diaphorina citri, vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus." Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 27, no. 1 (January 2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2019.12.022.
Full textAbstract:
iaphorina citri is considered the most dangerous citrus pest because it transmits Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB). Like other hemiptera insects, D. citri has developed mutualistic interactions with prokaryotic organisms known as endosymbionts. This symbiosis can be obligatory, when the interaction occurs with a primary endosymbiont, or facultative, when it is a secondary endosymbiont. Symbiosis is essential for various physiological functions, but some endosymbionts can adversely affect the psyllid's abilities. D. citri is associated with a great diversity of endosymbionts, with Candidatus Carsonella ruddii, Candidatus Profftella armatura, Candidatus Wolbachia spp. and Candidatus Liberibacter spp standing out. The aim o symbiotic relationship, prokaryotes, Candidatus Wolbachia, transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus.
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Kondo, Natsuko, Masakazu Shimada, and Takema Fukatsu. "Infection density of Wolbachia endosymbiont affected by co-infection and host genotype." Biology Letters 1, no. 4 (July 13, 2005): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0340.
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Infection density is among the most important factors for understanding the biological effects of Wolbachia and other endosymbionts on their hosts. To gain insight into the mechanisms of infection density regulation, we investigated the adzuki bean beetles Callosobruchus chinensis and their Wolbachia endosymbionts. Double-infected, single-infected and uninfected host strains with controlled nuclear genetic backgrounds were generated by introgression, and infection densities in these strains were evaluated by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique. Our study revealed previously unknown aspects of Wolbachia density regulation: (i) the identification of intra-specific host genotypes that affect Wolbachia density differently and (ii) the suppression of Wolbachia density by co-infecting Wolbachia strains. These findings shed new light on symbiont–symbiont and host–symbiont interactions in the Wolbachia –insect endosymbiosis and strongly suggest that Wolbachia density is determined through a complex interaction between host genotype, symbiont genotype and other factors.
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Richardson, Kelly M., Perran A. Ross, Brandon S. Cooper, William R. Conner, Tom Schmidt, and Ary A. Hoffmann. "A male-killing Wolbachia endosymbiont is concealed by another endosymbiont and a nuclear suppressor." PLOS Biology 21, no. 3 (March 22, 2023): e3001879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001879.
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Bacteria that live inside the cells of insect hosts (endosymbionts) can alter the reproduction of their hosts, including the killing of male offspring (male killing, MK). MK has only been described in a few insects, but this may reflect challenges in detecting MK rather than its rarity. Here, we identify MK Wolbachia at a low frequency (around 4%) in natural populations of Drosophila pseudotakahashii. MK Wolbachia had a stable density and maternal transmission during laboratory culture, but the MK phenotype which manifested mainly at the larval stage was lost rapidly. MK Wolbachia occurred alongside a second Wolbachia strain expressing a different reproductive manipulation, cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). A genomic analysis highlighted Wolbachia regions diverged between the 2 strains involving 17 genes, and homologs of the wmk and cif genes implicated in MK and CI were identified in the Wolbachia assembly. Doubly infected males induced CI with uninfected females but not females singly infected with CI-causing Wolbachia. A rapidly spreading dominant nuclear suppressor genetic element affecting MK was identified through backcrossing and subsequent analysis with ddRAD SNPs of the D. pseudotakahashii genome. These findings highlight the complexity of nuclear and microbial components affecting MK endosymbiont detection and dynamics in populations and the challenges of making connections between endosymbionts and the host phenotypes affected by them.
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Kusmintarsih, Endang Srimurni, and Trisnowati Budi Ambarningrum. "Molecular characterization and phylogeny of Wolbachia pipientis in mosquitoes." Proceeding ICMA-SURE 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/2.procicma.2023.2.1.7837.
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Wolbachia is an intracellular, maternally inherited bacteria that infect a wide variety of arthropods, including several mosquito such as Aedes albopictus, Armigerus, Culex, and Manzonia. However, until now there have been no reports of the existence of endosymbionts from several genera of mosquitoes from Indonesia. Therefore, we screen Wolbachia on several mosquito genera. The aim of the study was to determine the spreading of Wolbachia endosymbiont in mosquitoes from Indonesia. Mosquitoes were taken from various breeding and resting places, the captured mosquitoes were identified, the PCR product was carried out by gel electrophoresis. Visualization of amplicon bands under ultraviolet light. The result showed that the mosquitoes (Manzonia, Aedes albopictus, and Armigerus) tested were positive for the Wolbachia endosymbiont. Analysis phylogeny shows, that Wolbachia in three genus mosquitoes consists of two clades where the first clade consists of Wolbachia from Aedes albopictus and Manzonia, and the second clade consists of Wolbachia from Armigerus and other Wolbachia from some insects as outgroups. Subsequently, the phylogenetic trees based on the wsp revealed that Wolbachia from Aedes samples 1, 2, and Manzonia include monophyletic while Wolbachia from Armigerus is paraphyletic. Wolbachia from Armigerus close to Wolbachia from Tetranychus urticae.
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Cardoso, Anabela, and Jesús Gómez-Zurita. "Food Resource Sharing of Alder Leaf Beetle Specialists (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) as Potential Insect–Plant Interface for Horizontal Transmission of Endosymbionts." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 6 (September 16, 2020): 1402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa111.
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Abstract Recent studies suggest that endosymbionts of herbivore insects can be horizontally transferred to other herbivores feeding on the same host plants, whereby the plant acts as an intermediate stage in the chain of transmission. If this mechanism operates, it is also expected that insect communities sharing the same host plant will have higher chances to share their endosymbionts. In this study, we use a high-throughput 16S rRNA metabarcoding approach to investigate the presence, diversity, and potential sharing of endosymbionts in several species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of a local community specialized on an alder diet in North America. Rickettsia and Wolbachia were predominant in the sample, with strong evidence for each species having their own dominant infection, of either or both types of bacteria. However, all species shared a much lower proportion of a particular Wolbachia type, compatible with the same strain dominant in one of the species of leaf beetles. Crucially, the same 16S rRNA haplotype of Wolbachia was found on alder leaf extracts. The combined evidence and the absence of this strain in a syntopic species of leaf beetle feeding on a different host plant support the hypothesis that at least the initial stages of the mechanism that would allow horizontal transmission of endosymbionts across species feeding on the same plant is possible. The accessibility and characteristics of endosymbiont associations of this system make it suitable for deeper analyses of their diversity and transmission in natural conditions.
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Koçak, Erhan, and Hüseyin Ünal. "Küçük Kırma Biti Cryptolestes ferrugineus (L.) Popülasyonlarında Endosimbiyont Mikroorganizmaların Belirlenmesi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, sp2 (December 21, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp2.93-96.3153.
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Bacterias are the most important members of insect microbial flora. These microorganisms create important food for insects, contribute to nutrient digestion, synthesize useful vitamins and enzymes, bind nitrogen, provide resistance to insecticides, produce pheromones and contribute to insect life in order to compete with insect pathogens; also there are pathogenic bacteria which kill, pacify and control them. More effective, new and environmentally-conscious methods are required to control the pests. First of all, after determining the endosymbiont bacteria composition of pest insects in our country, new control strategies can be made possible to do experiments by considering the characteristics of these bacteria species. Therefore, 10 populations of C. ferrugineus were collected from cereal storages in Adana, Konya, Izmir, Samsun, and Istanbul provinces in order to investigate the presence of secondary endosymbionts in Cryptolestes ferrugineus. Presence of Wolbachia, Rickettsia and Spiroplasma as endosymbiont microorganisms have been determined by applying synthetic primers and PCR method for the first time in our country. Totally, there were 10 populations and three of them have Wolbachia, six of them have Rickettsia and one of them has Spiroplasma. Seven of the total population in Turkey (%70) were found to be infected with at least one endosymbiont. This study is also the first study in the world that show that C. ferrugineus is infected with endosymbionts Wolbachia, Rickettsia and Spiroplasma.
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Kikuchi, Yoshitomo, and Takema Fukatsu. "Diversity of Wolbachia Endosymbionts in Heteropteran Bugs." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 10 (October 2003): 6082–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.10.6082-6090.2003.
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ABSTRACT An extensive survey of Wolbachia endosymbionts in Japanese terrestrial heteropteran bugs was performed by PCR detection with universal primers for wsp and ftsZ genes of Wolbachia, cloning of the PCR products, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of infecting Wolbachia types, and molecular phylogenetic characterization of all the detected Wolbachia strains. Of 134 heteropteran species from 19 families examined, Wolbachia infection was detected in 47 species from 13 families. From the 47 species, 59 Wolbachia strains were identified. Of the 59 strains, 16 and 43 were assigned to A group and B group in the Wolbachia phylogeny, respectively. The 47 species of Wolbachia-infected bugs were classified into 8 species with A infection, 28 species with B infection, 2 species with AA infection, 3 species with AB infection, 5 species with BB infection, and 1 species with ABB infection. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed little congruence between Wolbachia phylogeny and host systematics, suggesting frequent horizontal transfers of Wolbachia in the evolutionary course of the Heteroptera. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed several novel lineages of Wolbachia. Based on statistical analyses of the multiple infections, we propose a hypothetical view that, in the heteropteran bugs, interactions between coinfecting Wolbachia strains are generally not intense and that Wolbachia coinfections have been established through a stochastic process probably depending on occasional horizontal transfers.
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Wasala, Sulochana K., Cedar Hesse, Catherine L. Wram, Dana K. Howe, Inga A. Zasada, and Dee R. Denver. "Unraveling Microbial Endosymbiosis Dynamics in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes with a Genome Skimming Strategy." Applied Microbiology 3, no. 4 (October 20, 2023): 1229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3040085.
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Bacterial endosymbionts, in genera Wolbachia and Cardinium, infect various arthropods and some nematode groups. Manipulating these microbial symbionts presents a promising biocontrol strategy for managing disease-causing parasites. However, the diversity of Wolbachia and Cardinium in nematodes remains unclear. This study employed a genome skimming strategy to uncover their occurrence in plant-parasitic nematodes, analyzing 52 populations of 12 species. A metagenome analysis revealed varying endosymbiont genome content, leading to the categorization of strong, weak, and no evidence for endosymbiont genomes. Strong evidence for Wolbachia was found in five populations, and for Cardinium in one population, suggesting a limited occurrence. Strong Wolbachia evidence was noted in Pratylenchus penetrans and Radopholus similis from North/South America and Africa. Heterodera glycines from North America showed strong Cardinium evidence. Weak genomic evidence for Wolbachia was observed in Globodera pallida, Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchus reniformis, Pratylechus coffeae, Pratylenchus neglectus, and Pratylenchus thornei; for Cardinium was found in G. pallida, R. reniformis and P. neglectus; 27/52 populations exhibited no endosymbiont evidence. Wolbachia and Cardinium presence varied within nematode species, suggesting non-obligate mutualism. Wolbachia and Cardinium genomes differed among nematode species, indicating potential species-specific functionality. This study advances knowledge of plant-parasitic nematode–bacteria symbiosis, providing insights for downstream eco-friendly biocontrol strategies.
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Duarte, Elves H., Ana Carvalho, Sergio López-Madrigal, João Costa, and Luís Teixeira. "Forward genetics in Wolbachia: Regulation of Wolbachia proliferation by the amplification and deletion of an addictive genomic island." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): e1009612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009612.
Full textAbstract:
Wolbachia is one of the smost prevalent bacterial endosymbionts, infecting approximately 40% of terrestrial arthropod species. Wolbachia is often a reproductive parasite but can also provide fitness benefits to its host, as, for example, protection against viral pathogens. This protective effect is currently being applied to fight arboviruses transmission by releasing Wolbachia-transinfected mosquitoes. Titre regulation is a crucial aspect of Wolbachia biology. Higher titres can lead to stronger phenotypes and fidelity of transmission but can have a higher cost to the host. Since Wolbachia is maternally transmitted, its fitness depends on host fitness, and, therefore, its cost to the host may be under selection. Understanding how Wolbachia titres are regulated and other aspects of Wolbachia biology has been hampered by the lack of genetic tools. Here we developed a forward genetic screen to identify new Wolbachia over-proliferative mutant variants. We characterized in detail two new mutants, wMelPop2 and wMelOctoless, and show that the amplification or loss of the Octomom genomic region lead to over-proliferation. These results confirm previous data and expand on the complex role of this genomic region in the control of Wolbachia proliferation. Both new mutants shorten the host lifespan and increase antiviral protection. Moreover, we show that Wolbachia proliferation rate in Drosophila melanogaster depends on the interaction between Octomom copy number, the host developmental stage, and temperature. Our analysis also suggests that the life shortening and antiviral protection phenotypes of Wolbachia are dependent on different, but related, properties of the endosymbiont; the rate of proliferation and the titres near the time of infection, respectively. We also demonstrate the feasibility of a novel and unbiased experimental approach to study Wolbachia biology, which could be further adapted to characterize other genetically intractable bacterial endosymbionts.
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Bordenstein, Sarah R., and Seth R. Bordenstein. "Widespread phages of endosymbionts: Phage WO genomics and the proposed taxonomic classification of Symbioviridae." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): e1010227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010227.
Full textAbstract:
Wolbachia are the most common obligate, intracellular bacteria in animals. They exist worldwide in arthropod and nematode hosts in which they commonly act as reproductive parasites or mutualists, respectively. Bacteriophage WO, the largest of Wolbachia’s mobile elements, includes reproductive parasitism genes, serves as a hotspot for genetic divergence and genomic rearrangement of the bacterial chromosome, and uniquely encodes a Eukaryotic Association Module with eukaryotic-like genes and an ensemble of putative host interaction genes. Despite WO’s relevance to genome evolution, selfish genetics, and symbiotic applications, relatively little is known about its origin, host range, diversification, and taxonomic classification. Here we analyze the most comprehensive set of 150 Wolbachia and phage WO assemblies to provide a framework for discretely organizing and naming integrated phage WO genomes. We demonstrate that WO is principally in arthropod Wolbachia with relatives in diverse endosymbionts and metagenomes, organized into four variants related by gene synteny, often oriented opposite the putative origin of replication in the Wolbachia chromosome, and the large serine recombinase is an ideal typing tool to distinguish the four variants. We identify a novel, putative lytic cassette and WO’s association with a conserved eleven gene island, termed Undecim Cluster, that is enriched with virulence-like genes. Finally, we evaluate WO-like Islands in the Wolbachia genome and discuss a new model in which Octomom, a notable WO-like Island, arose from a split with WO. Together, these findings establish the first comprehensive Linnaean taxonomic classification of endosymbiont phages, including non-Wolbachia phages from aquatic environments, that includes a new family and two new genera to capture the collective relatedness of these viruses.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wolbachia endosymbionts"
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Taraphdar, Tanushree. "Molecular genetic characterization of wolbachia endosymbionts in dipteran pest of silkworm." Thesis, Vidyasagar University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1392.
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Saeed, Abiya. "CHARACTERIZING THE MATERNALLY INHERITED ENDOSYMBIONTS OF SOLITARY BEES." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/10.
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Solitary bees are important pollinators of crops, with species in the family Megachilidae (mason bees) being used for orchard pollination. Commercial movement of these bees also moves their microbiota, including bacterial endosymbionts capable of reproductive manipulation. To test for presence of these bacteria, I screened commercially available species of US orchard pollinators and locally captured solitary bees from Kentucky. I also set up mason bee boxes in five apple orchards to examine recruitment of local pollinators. I conducted 454-pyrosequencing to determine bacterial diversity within four species followed by diagnostic PCR of 30 collected species (184 individuals) to determine infection frequency of selected endosymbionts. Consistent with literature, Wolbachia was abundant in these bees. I also found two other endosymbiotic bacteria, Sodalis (previously undetected in Hymenoptera), and Arsenophonus. Diagnostic screening demonstrated that Sodalis was present at moderate frequency in Osmia aglaia, whereas Arsenophonus was present at low frequency in Lasioglossum pilosum. Neither was found in other bees, but three bee species were infected with Sodalis-like endosymbionts. Although recruitment of bees to bee boxes was ineffective, I was able to independently collect native orchard pollinating Andrenidae species. My results demonstrate that other endosymbionts capable of reproductive manipulation, besides Wolbachia, are present in bees.
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Ellegaard, Kirsten Maren. "Genome Evolution and Niche Differentiation of Bacterial Endosymbionts." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylär evolution, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217724.
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Most animals contain chronic microbial infections that inflict no harm on their hosts. Recently, the gut microflora of humans and other animals have been characterized. However, little is known about the forces that shape the diversity of these bacterial communities. In this work, comparative genomics was used to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of host-adapted bacterial communities, using Wolbachia infecting arthropods and Lactobacteria infecting bees as the main model systems. Wolbachia are maternally inherited bacteria that cause reproductive disorders in arthropods, such as feminization, male killing and parthenogenesis. These bacteria are difficult to study because they cannot be cultivated outside their hosts. We have developed a novel protocol employing multiple displacement amplification to isolate and sequence their genomes. Taxonomically, Wolbachia is classified into different supergroups. We have sequenced the genomes of Wolbachia strain wHa and wNo that belong to supergroup A and B, respectively, and are present as a double-infection in the fruit-fly Drosophila simulans. Together with previously published genomes, a supergroup comparison of strains belonging to supergroups A and B indicated rampant homologous recombination between strains that belong to the same supergroup but were isolated from different hosts. In contrast, we observed little recombination between strains of different supergroups that infect the same host. Likewise, phylogenetically distinct members of Lactic acid bacteria co-exist in the gut of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, without transfer of genes between phylotypes. Nor did we find any evidence of co-diversification between symbionts and hosts, as inferred from a study of 13 genomes of Lactobacillus kunkeei isolated from diverse bee species and different geographic origins. Although Lactobacillus kunkeii is the most frequently isolated strain from the honey stomach, we hypothesize that the primary niche is the beebread where the bacteria are likely to contribute to the fermentation process. In the human gut, the microbial community has been shown to interact with the immune system, and likewise the microbial communities associated with insects are thought to affect the health of their host. Therefore, a better understanding of the role and evolution of endosymbiotic communities is important for developing strategies to control the health of their hosts.
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Yuan, Xincheng. "Comparative genome analysis of Wolbachia strain wPanCI and wPanMK." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/381508.
Full textAbstract:
Wolbachia are maternally transmitted endosymbionts that naturally infect
approximately 40% of all insect species and impose a range of phenotypic effects
upon their hosts, including feminization, parthenogenesis, cytoplasmic incompatibility
(CI) and male-killing. The genetic basis and mechanisms of these phenotypes remain
mostly undetermined. Investigating new strains of Wolbachia can provide important
insight into the biology of the symbiosis. In Drosophila pandora, two distinct
Wolbachia strains co-exist to manipulate host reproduction, which are wPanCI
(causing CI) and wPanMK (causing male-killing) respectively. Furthermore,
wPanMK seems to rescue CI induced by wPanCI. To understand the molecular basis
of CI and male-killing, genome sequencing and comparison projects with wPanCI and
wPanMK were undertaken. To investigate the mechanism of CI, both cifA and cifB
were compared among wMel, wPanCI and wPanMK; the cifB protein in wPanMK is
truncated and has one base pair deletion, which indicating that it may be
non-functional in wPanMK. The similar cifA gene in wPanCI and wPanMK and
wPanMK’s ability to recue CI provide evidence for a previously toxin (cifB)-antitoxin
(cifA) model; however, wPanMK cannot induce CI due to the mutation of cifB
provide evidence that CI mechanism need both cifA and cifB. For male-killing
mechanism, a spaid gene has been described to affect the male-killing in another
endosymbiotic bacterium, Spiroplasma poulsonii. By comparing a spaid-like protein
in different Wolbachia strains, a common structure with a protein-protein interaction
domain and a cell death domain has been described and a spaid-like gene,
wPanMK_288, has been found in wPanMK, which may be the manipulator gene to
induce the male-killing. The study explains both two models of CI mechanism and
provides a common structure and suggests putative genes for the expression of MK in Wolbachia and Spiroplasma.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Science (MSc)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Sontowski, Rebekka, Detlef Bernhard, Christoph Bleidorn, Martin Schlegel, and Michael Gerth. "Wolbachia distribution in selected beetle taxa characterized by PCR screens and MLST data." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-185242.
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Wolbachia (Alphaproteobacteria) is an inherited endosymbiont of arthropods and filarial nematodes and was reported to be widespread across insect taxa. While Wolbachia’s effects on host biology are not understood from most of these hosts, known Wolbachia-induced phenotypes cover a spectrum from obligate beneficial mutualism to reproductive manipulations and pathogenicity. Interestingly, data on Wolbachia within the most species-rich order of arthropods, the Coleoptera (beetles), are scarce. Therefore, we screened 128 species
from seven beetle families (Buprestidae, Hydraenidae, Dytiscidae, Hydrophilidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, and Noteridae) for the presence of Wolbachia. Our data show that, contrary to previous estimations, Wolbachia frequencies in beetles (31% overall) are comparable to the ones in other insects. In addition, we used Wolbachia MLST data and host phylogeny to explore the evolutionary history of Wolbachia strains from Hydraenidae, an aquatic lineage of beetles. Our data suggest that Wolbachia from Hydraenidae might be largely host genus specific and that Wolbachia strain phylogeny is not independent to that of its hosts. As this contrasts with most terrestrial Wolbachia–arthropod systems, one
potential conclusion is that aquatic lifestyle of hosts may result in Wolbachia distribution patterns distinct from those of terrestrial hosts. Our data thus provide both insights into Wolbachia distribution among beetles in general and a first glimpse of Wolbachia distribution patterns among aquatic host lineages.
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Caballero, Rafael De J. "Systematics of the Bemisia tabaci Complex and the Role of Endosymbionts in Reproductive Compatibility." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195357.
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Reciprocal and homologous crosses were carried out using pairs or groups of twenty males and females for three biotypes of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex. Crosses were undertaken for the A biotype-Arizona (AzA), the B biotype-Africa (AzB), and the monophagous, Jatropha (Jat) biotype-Puerto Rico. The maternal haplotype pedigree of parents and selected offspring (F₁, F₂) was determined using the mitochondria cytochome oxidase I sequence. All reciprocal crosses yielded viable female offspring, indicating reproductively compatibility, except for AzB♀ x AzA♂, or AzB♀ x Jat♂ crosses, which yielded females unidirectionally. As an unidirectional pattern was reminiscent of cytoplasmic-mediated incompatibility (CI), the possibility was investigated that the phenotype might be caused by CI-bacteria, instead of a germ line barrier. Using the 16S rRNA sequence three prospective CI-bacterial species were identified in whitefly colonies. A Cardinium spp. (Bacteroidetes) was present in the A biotype (isolates AzA, CulA, RivA, SalA), whereas the B biotype (isolates AzB, FlB1, FlB2) was infected with Rickettsia bellii (Proteobacteria), and a Wolbachia spp. (Proteobacteria) was associated with the Jat biotype. The unidirectional incompatible phenotypes were consistent with CI-bacterial infection of AzA (Cardinium) and Jat (Wolbachia), but no such association was apparent for B biotype-Rickettsia infections. The bidirectional compatibility for Jat x AzA suggested a CI-bacteria-mediated reciprocal rescue. However, that Wolbachia-infected Jat♀ and Cardinium-infected AzA♂ crosses yielded fewer females, compared to AzA-Cardinium♀ and Jat- Wolbachia♂ crosses, suggested that Cardinium could better counter Wolbachia-induced female mortality than Wolbachia. This suggested the possibility that these phylogenetically divergent bacteria might utilize similar CI-mechanisms. In this study, the suspect CI-bacteria were strongly associated with complete or partial obstruction of gene flow in certain crosses, and with sex bias in the AzA x Jat crosses. This is the first evidence that female offspring can be produced between phylogeographically divergent, and polyphagous and monophagous B. tabaci, for which gene flow barriers are widely reported, suggesting that hybridization is utilized as a means of diversification in B. tabaci. The inability to rid colonies of CI-bacteria has necessitated introgression experiments to investigate direct CI-causality over CI-association.
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Ellwood-Thompson, Rhianedd Eleri. "Occurrence and transmission of Wolbachia endosymbionts in the oak gall wasp community : application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55379/.
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Eight Wolbachia variants were identified in the wasp community. Identical Wolbachia variants were identified in inquiline and parasitoid wasp species suggesting that horizontal transmission of Wolbachia occurs in this community
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Martins, Cíntia. "Análises moleculares das formigas lava-pés (Solenopsis spp.) (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) e da presença da endobactéria Wolbachia /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87741.
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Orientador: Odair Correa BuenoBanca: Ana Eugênia C. Campos Farinha
Banca: Denise Selivon Scheepmaker
Resumo: O gênero Solenopsis tem distribuição cosmopolita, mas espécies do grupo S. saevissima, são nativas da América do Sul e inclui as conhecidas formigas lava-pés. Elas foram introduzidas de forma acidental em diversas regiões biogeográficas do mundo. No Brasil possuem ampla distribuição, mas têm preferência por áreas de atividade humana. São formigas altamente agressivas e são responsáveis por acidentes que podem levar a choques anafiláticos e à morte. As formigas apresentam associações de diferentes tipos com outros organismos, inclusive com bactérias endossimbiontes como a Wolbachia, bactéria intracelular que também infecta as formigas do gênero Solenopsis. No presente trabalho, procurou-se caracterizar as populações de lava-pés (Solenopsis spp.) de ampla área do território brasileiro, analisando o parentesco dessas populações e inferindo sobre sua filogenia. Além disso, foi investigada a presença, frequência e distribuição do endossimbionte Wolbachia em populações de Solenopsis spp. no Brasil. A caracterização das lava-pés foi baseada na análise do gene citocromo oxidase I e em estudos filogenéticos. Observou-se desde completa coerência geográfica, até polifilia para as espécies S. invicta e S. saevissima, o que demonstra claramente a diversidade desse gênero de formigas no Brasil. Existe a possibilidade de ocorrer populações isoladas reprodutivamente, tendo como decorrência processos evolutivos de especiação. Além disso, clados com espécies divergentes agrupadas podem trazer evidências de espécies erroneamente identificadas morfologicamente, presente em bancos de dados. O levantamento da ocorrência de Wolbachia foi baseado no gene wsp do endossimbionte e análises filogenéticas foram realizadas para inferir a história evolutiva dessas bactérias nas populações de lava-pés do país. Foi encontrada uma grande... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The genus Solenopsis has a cosmopolitan distribution, but species of S. saevissima group are native from South America and include the known fire ant. They were accidentally introduced in several countries of the world. In Brazil they have wide distribution with preference for areas of human activity. Ants are highly aggressive and responsible for accidents that can lead to anaphylactic shock and death. The ants have different associations with other organisms, including bacteria endosymbionts such as Wolbachia, intracellular bacteria that also infect the ants of the Solenopsis genus. In this study, we sought to characterize the populations of fire ants (Solenopsis spp.) in a wide area of Brazil, analyzing the relationship of these populations and inferring their phylogeny. Furthermore, we investigated the presence, frequency and distribution of the endosymbiont Wolbachia in those populations of Solenopsis spp. in Brazil. The characterization of fire ants was based on analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I gene and on phylogenetic studies. It was observed that there were complete geographical coherence and polyphyly for the species S. invicta and S.saevissima, which clearly demonstrate the diversity of this genus of ants in Brazil. There is the possibility to occur reproductively isolated populations, leading to evolutionary processes of speciation. Furthermore, clustered clades with divergent species can bring evidences of species wrong morphologically identified, presents in databases. The survey of the occurrence of Wolbachia was based on the wsp gene of the endosymbiont and the phylogenetic analyses were performed to infer the evolutionary history of these bacteria in the populations of fire ants. There was a great diversity of Wolbachia in the genus Solenopsis, with 51% of the analyzed colonies presenting infection and the highest incidence was found in populations from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Lentz, Christian [Verfasser]. "Target-based discovery of novel inhibitors of enzymatic targets from Wolbachia endosymbionts and evaluation as antifilarial drug candidates / Christian Lentz." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1080864466/34.
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Lentz, Christian Stephan [Verfasser]. "Target-based discovery of novel inhibitors of enzymatic targets from Wolbachia endosymbionts and evaluation as antifilarial drug candidates / Christian Lentz." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-32648.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Wolbachia endosymbionts"
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Landmann, Frédéric. "The Wolbachia Endosymbionts." In Bacteria and Intracellularity, 139–53. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781683670261.ch10.
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Hoerauf, Achim, and Kenneth Pfarr. "Wolbachia Endosymbionts: An Achilles’ Heel of Filarial Nematodes." In Issues in Infectious Diseases, 31–51. Basel: KARGER, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000104231.
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Sunish, I. P. "Wolbachia Endosymbiont and Mosquito Vectors, with Emphasis on Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination." In Genetically Modified and other Innovative Vector Control Technologies, 247–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2964-8_12.
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Takasuka, Keizo, and Kazuharu Arakawa. "The Method of Eliminating the Wolbachia Endosymbiont Genomes from Insect Samples Prior to a Long-Read Sequencing." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 101–12. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2996-3_8.
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Landmann, Frédéric. "The Wolbachia Endosymbionts." In Bacteria and Intracellularity, 139–53. American Society of Microbiology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0018-2019.
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Suh, Sung-Qui, and Meredith Blackwell. "The Beetle Gut as a Habitat for New Species of Yeasts." In Insect-Fungal Associations Ecology and Evolution, 244–56. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195166521.003.0010.
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Abstract The study of endosymbioses continues to accentuate the extraordinary impact that microorganisms have had on the ecology and evolution of invertebrates, especially insects. One only has to learn of the studies of Buchneria and Wolbachia and their interactions with a wide variety of arthropods to wonder at the dramatic effect of endosymbionts on their hosts (van Meer et al. 1999; Dale et al. 2001; Funk et al. 2001). The study of eukaryotic endosymbionts, however, has lagged somewhat behind that of the prokaryotes. Nevertheless, fungi are increasingly being recognized as important endosymbionts of insects. It is difficult to predict which insects might be associated with fungi because even close relatives feeding on similar nutrient resources may vary in whether they are associated with bacterial or fungal symbionts, or for that matter with any symbiont (Buchner 1965; Martin 1987).
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Ayoade, Femi, and Tosin S. Ogunbiyi. "The Potential for Wolbachia-Based Mosquito Biocontrol Strategies in Africa." In Mosquito Research - Recent Advances in Pathogen Interactions, Immunity, and Vector Control Strategies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104099.
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The three foremost medically important mosquito species of public health importance belong to the genera Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex. The Anopheles mosquito is the most important in the transmission of human malaria, while members of the genera Culex and Aedes are more important in the transmission of arboviruses. Reducing the number of competent vectors has been identified as a logical method for the control of malarial and arboviral vector-borne diseases. This chapter provides an update on the potentials of biological vector control, specifically the release of endosymbionts to help limit the reproductive capability of mosquitoes, thereby reducing the population of the disease vectors in Africa. There are examples of successful suppression of mosquito-borne diseases by the establishment of Wolbachia in mosquito populations elsewhere, however, there has been no such report from the African continent. Although the establishment of stable maternally transmissible Wolbachia in natural mosquito populations is yet to be achieved in Africa, this area of research is experiencing unprecedented progress within the past decade. Many of the research efforts are hereby highlighted, including the problems and prospects of establishing a Wolbachia-based biocontrol program in Africa.
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"Discovery of Symbiont–Host Horizontal Genome Transfer: A Beetle Carrying Two Bacterial and One Chromosomal Wolbachia Endosymbionts." In Insect Symbiosis, 323–42. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203009918-23.
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Primrose, Sandy B. "The Most Influential Bacterium: Wolbachia pipientis." In Microbiology of Infectious Disease, 148–54. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863843.003.0019.
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Wolbachia is an endosymbiont of arthropods that can manipulate their reproductive fitness via cytoplasmic incompatibility. This phenomenon has been used successfully to reduce the transmission by mosquitoes of viral diseases. Genome analysis has shown that Wolbachia has shed many genes for cell wall biosynthesis but has large amounts of repetitive DNA and DNA of mobile genetic elements. Prophage WO encodes the Eukaryotic Association Module that is the site of many genes for eukaryotic-like proteins. Other parts of the genome also encode eukaryotic-like proteins but the role of these proteins is not understood. The genome encodes a type IV secretion system that permits transfer of effectors to the insect host. Wolbachia can manipulate its hosts in ways other than reproductive fitness, for example, increased fecundity, feminization, resistance to insect viruses. Wolbachia can infect invertebrates other than arthropods. Wolbachia-infected nematodes cause elephantiasis and infected filarial worms cause river blindness. Both diseases can be successfully treated by using antibiotics to kill Wolbachia.
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Negri, Ilaria, and Marco Pellecchi. "Sex Steroids in Insects and the Role of the Endosymbiont Wolbachia:A New Perspective." In Sex Hormones. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/26892.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Wolbachia endosymbionts"
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Mohammed, Muhamad Azmi, Ameyra Aman Zuki, Suhana Yusof, Nurul Wahida Othman, Badrul Munir Md Zain, and Salmah Yaakop. "Classification of endosymbiont Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in opiine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." In THE 2017 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2017 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5027954.
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"Genome assembly of a new Wolbachia pipientis strain: a promising source for studying Drosophila melanogaster endosymbiosis." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-077.
Full textReports on the topic "Wolbachia endosymbionts"
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Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.
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Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with select, well-studied, biologically and phylogeographically representative biotypes of B. tabaci, and (ii) to attempt to 'cure’ select biotypes of certain symbionts to permit assessment of the affect of curing on whitefly fitness, gene flow, host plant preference, and virus transmission competency.To identify the diversity of bacterial community associated with a suite of phylogeographically-diverseB. tabaci, a total of 107 populations were screened using general Bacteria primers for the 16S rRNA encoding gene in a PCR. Sequence comparisons with the available databases revealed the presence of bacteria classified in the: Proteobacteria (66%), Firmicutes (25.70%), Actinobacteria (3.7%), Chlamydiae (2.75%) and Bacteroidetes (<1%). Among previously identified bacteria, such as the primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, and the secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Wolbachia, a Rickettsia sp. was detected for the first time in this insect family. The distribution, transmission, and localization of the Rickettsia were studied using PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Rickettsia was found in all 20 Israeli B. tabaci populations screened as well as some populations screened in the Arizona laboratory, but not in all individuals within each population. FISH analysis of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults, revealed a unique concentration of Rickettsia around the gut and follicle cells as well as its random distribution in the haemolymph, but absence from the primary symbiont housing cells, the bacteriocytes. Rickettsia vertical transmission on the one hand and its partial within-population infection on the other suggest a phenotype that is advantageous under certain conditions but may be deleterious enough to prevent fixation under others.To test for the possible involvement of Wolbachia and Cardiniumin the reproductive isolation of different B. tabacibiotypes, reciprocal crosses were preformed among populations of the Cardinium-infected, Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations. The crosses results demonstrated that phylogeographically divergent B. tabaci are reproductively competent and that cytoplasmic incompatibility inducer-bacteria (Wolbachia and Cardinium) both interfered with, and/or rescued CI induced by one another, effectively facilitating bidirectional female offspring production in the latter scenario.This knowledge has implications to multitrophic interactions, gene flow, speciation, fitness, natural enemy interactions, and possibly, host preference and virus transmission. Although extensive and creative attempts undertaken in both laboratories to cure whiteflies of non-primary symbionts have failed, our finding of naturally uninfected individuals have permitted the establishment of Rickettsia-, Wolbachia- and Cardinium-freeB. tabaci lines, which are been employed to address various biological questions, including determining the role of these bacteria in whitefly host biology.