Relevant bibliographies by topics / WO3-x

Academic literature on the topic 'WO3-x'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "WO3-x"

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Lin, Hong-Ming, Chiun-Yen Tung, Chi-Ming Hsu, and Pee-Yew Lee. "Catalytic properties of nanocrystalline WO3−x, Pt/WO3−x, and Pd/WO3−x particles." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 5 (May 1995): 1115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1115.

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The gas-condensation technique is used to produce the nanocrystalline (NC) WO3−x, Pt/WO3−x, and Pd/WO3−x powders under different atmosphere and pressure. HRTEM images show that a coherently bonded interface exists between Pt or Pd and WO3−x. The nanocrystal WO3−x, Pt/WO3−x, and Pd/WO3−x grow into a needle shape with a plate inside when these as-evaporated powders are compacted and sintered at 900 °C for 2 h. The plate grows preferentially in {220} plane along the 〈0011〉 direction. However, the mean particle size of nanophase Pt and Pd increases only from <10 nm to 30 nm and 50 nm, respectively. The results of CO oxidation show that nanophase Pt/WO3−x powders have better catalytic effects on converting CO to CO2 than nanophase WO3−x and Pd/WO3−x powders.
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Bashirom, Nurulhuda, and Qiao Ling Lee. "Synthesis of Visible-Light Active Monoclinic WO3 by Thermal Oxidation of Tungsten Powder for Photoreduction of Cr(VI)." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.405.

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In this paper, visible-light-active monoclinic WO3 powders were synthesized by thermal oxidation of W powders at 200 – 1000 °C in air atmosphere. Morphology and crystal structure of annealed W powders were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively. Based on SEM and XRD results, a spherical orthorhombic-W3O8 obtained at 200 °C was transformed into a dendritic monoclinic WO2 + tetragonal WO3 + monoclinic WO3 structures at 400 °C accompanied by a color transition from grey into green. At 600 °C, yellow monoclinic WO3 + monoclinic WO2.96 powder was produced that ascribed to oxygen vacancies. Photocatalytic activity of annealed W powders demonstrated 70.7% Cr (VI) removal after 150 min on sample annealed at 1000 °C. This ascribed to high photoactivity of monoclinic WO3. Nevertheless, the dendritic monoclinic WO2 + tetragonal WO3 + monoclinic WO3 obtained at 400 °C exhibited the lowest Cr (VI) photoreduction i.e. 45.2% implies less photoactive monoclinic WO2 and sluggish electron transport at oxide-oxide interfaces.
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Franco, Douglas Faza, Hassen Fares, Antônio Eduardo De Souza, Silvia Helena Santagneli, and Marcelo Nalin. "Glass formation in the Sb2O3-SbPO4-WO3 system." Eclética Química Journal 42, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v42.1.2017.p51-59.

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Glasses in the ternary system (Sb2O3)(0.6-x)(SbPO4)(0.4)(WO3)(x), with composition 0.1 £ x £ 0.5 were studied. The structural changes due to the replacement of Sb2O3 by WO3 have been investigated. It was found that the incorporation of WO3 enhances the thermal stability of the glasses against devitrification when compared to the binary Sb2O3(0.6) - SbPO4(0.4) composition. The connectivity of the network increases with WO3 content which is consistent with the high values of the glass transition temperature. Raman studies suggest that WO3 incorporation breaks the primary network, constituted by antimony oxide, while a second network containing WO6 octahedral units is built up. Thermal and structural properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, 31P Magic Angle Spinning NMR and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) at L1 and L3 edges of Sb and L1 edge of W atoms.
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Salleh, Fairous, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Alinda Samsuri, Rizafizah Othaman, Mohammad Wahab Mohammad Hisham, and Mohd Ambar Yarmo. "Influence of Cerium Additive on the Reduction Behaviour of Tungsten Oxide under Carbon Monoxide Atmosphere." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.389.

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The reduction of pure WO3 and Ce/WO3 has been studied by using temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FESEM analysis. The reduction behavior were examined by non-isothermal reduction up to 900 oC then continued with isothermal reduction at 900 oC for 45 min under (40% v/v) carbon monoxide in nitrogen (CO in N2) atmosphere. The TPR results shows that reduction peak of Ce/WO3 were shifts to lower temperature as compared with to the pure WO3. In addition, TPR results indicate that addition with ceria give better reducibility compared to pure WO3. Based on the characterization of the reduction products after hold 45 min using XRD, pure WO3 were completely converted to WO2 and W metal phases. While, after addition of Ce to the WO3, the reduction was enhanced to W phases and some suboxide W5O14 and W3O5 with no WO2 phase remained and carbide observed. This is associated to the formation of alloy complex Ce2WO6 which gave remarkable effect to the reduction.
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Albanese, Elisa, Cristiana Di Valentin, and Gianfranco Pacchioni. "H2O Adsorption on WO3 and WO3–x (001) Surfaces." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 27 (June 28, 2017): 23212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b06139.

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Wang, Biben, Xiaoxia Zhong, Haiyan Xu, Yongcai Zhang, Uros Cvelbar, and Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov. "Structure and Photoluminescence of WO3-x Aggregates Tuned by Surfactants." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122075.

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The optoelectronic properties of transition metal oxide semiconductors depend on their oxygen vacancies, nanostructures and aggregation states. Here, we report the synthesis and photoluminescence (PL) properties of substoichiometric tungsten oxide (WO3-x) aggregates with the nanorods, nanoflakes, submicro-spherical-like, submicro-spherical and micro-spherical structures in the acetic acid solution without and with the special surfactants (butyric or oleic acids). Based on theory on the osmotic potential of polymers, we demonstrate the structural change of the WO3-x aggregates, which is related to the change of steric repulsion caused by the surfactant layers, adsorption and deformation of the surfactant molecules on the WO3-x nanocrystals. The WO3-x aggregates generate multi-color light, including ultraviolet, blue, green, red and near-infrared light caused by the inter-band transition and defect level-specific transition as well as the relaxation of polarons. Compared to the nanorod and nanoflake WO3-x aggregates, the PL quenching of the submicro-spherical-like, submicro-spherical and micro-spherical WO3-x aggregates is associated with the coupling between the WO3-x nanoparticles and the trapping centers arising from the surfactant molecules adsorbed on the WO3-x nanoparticles.
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Lee, Seong, Joon Woong Noh, Eun Pyo Kim, and Moon Hee Hong. "Reduction Behavior of W and Cu Oxides Powder Mixture." Solid State Phenomena 135 (February 2008): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.135.143.

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The reduction behavior of WO3 and CuO powder mixture has been studied by using thermo-gravimetric(TG), X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopic analyses. The powder mixture was manufactured by ball-milling. It was found that W coated W-Cu composite powders were formed when reducing the powder mixture under hydrogen atmosphere. The following reduction steps are suggested as a mechanism for the formation of W coated W-Cu composite powders: with increasing temperature, Cu is initially reduced from CuO and the reduction reactions of WO3 to WO2 via WO2.9 and WO2.72 are followed. The gas phase WO2(OH)2 is formed by the reaction of the WO2 and water vapor, and then WO2(OH)2 diffuses toward Cu surface and deposits on it as W by reducing reaction with environmental hydrogen gas. The formation mechanism of W coated W-Cu composite powders involving the gas phase transportation reaction has been confirmed by the model experiment conducted by using Cu plate and WO3 powder.
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Liu, Yanhong, Chunxia Wang, Zhongyue Li, Yusheng Wang, Wenqi Lu, and Huolin Huang. "Effects of W/ WO3-x junction on synaptic characteristics of W/WO3-x/ITO memristor." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 127 (March 2021): 114515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2020.114515.

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Avellaneda, C. "Photochromic properties of WO3 and WO3:X (X=Ti, Nb, Ta and Zr) thin films." Solid State Ionics 165, no. 1-4 (December 2003): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2003.08.023.

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Deng, Henghua, Dongfang Yang, Bo Chen, and Chii-Wann Lin. "Simulation of surface plasmon resonance of Au–WO3−x and Ag–WO3−x nanocomposite films." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 134, no. 2 (September 2008): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2008.05.032.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WO3-x"

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Trofimov, A. O., E. V. Kolobkova, E. V. Sohovich, and V. S. Zemko. "Electrochromic Film Based on a-WO3 Obtained by Sol-gel." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35386.

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The influence of changes in the conditions of sol-gel method on the thermal characteristics and the structure electrochromic (EC) а-WO3 films. DSC data showed greater sensitivity of the structure to the pe-culiarities of the drying of the product poliperoxo-tungstic acid. The Films were transparent over a wide range (Eg  2,5 eV). All compositions were amorphous as measured by X-rays diffraction. Based on the IR and Raman spectroscopy dates was concluded the presence in the structure of amorphous transparent glassy semiconductor a-WO3 predominantly tetrahedral [WO4] groups. The precursor product and EC-films are glass material, obtained by the sol-gel process, with the composition WO3*  H2O. Synthesis peculiari-ties of mesoporous a-WO3. affects both the pore structure, which determines the concentration of the aqueous components and the ratio of the bridging W-O-W and unbridged W  O bonds, defining characte-ristics of the electrochromic materials. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35386
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Piva, Roger Honorato. "Zircônia CO-dopada por compensação de cargas nos sistemas (ZrO2)1-(x+y)(InO1,5)x(MOz)y com MOz = TaO2,5, NbO2,5, MoO3 ou WO3, como revestimento para barreira térmica." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8318.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
InO1.5-stabilized zirconia (InSZ) is a potential hot corrosion resistant thermal barrier coating (TBC). However, the thermal instability prevents real applications of InSZ-based TBC. This thesis investigates the hypothesis of co-doping using the charge compensation to improve the phase stability of InSZ. Four co-doping systems were synthesized by coprecipitation and studied: (ZrO2)1-(x+y)(InO1.5)x(MOz)y with MOz = TaO2.5, NbO2.5, MoO3, or WO3. After synthesis, 9 mol% of InO1.5 plus the charge-compensating oxides was sufficient to stabilize the tetragonal phase. Specific surface area up to 106.1 m2.g-1 and crystallite size ~11 nm were achieved using ethanol washing followed by azeotropic distillation as dehydration technique in the precipitates. In these powders, initial thermal stability analysis indicated instability of the tetragonal phase, with extension of the t→m transformation less detrimental in the InMoSZ system. Further increase in the concentration of InO1.5:MoO3 results in monophasic samples with retention of cubic phase in the InMoSZ. Cubic InMoSZ exhibited hardness and thermal expansion coefficient of 13.5% and 9% higher than those of InSZ, respectively. However, thermal treatments at T ≥ 1200 °C showed that the InMoSZ is also passive to destabilization of the high temperature cubic polymorph. Although the cubic InMoSZ was the most promising system found in this thesis, the stability results do not support its application as TBC for temperatures ≥ 1000 ºC. A deep evaluation of the phase transformations between 1000 to 1200 °C indicated that the instability of the proposed systems is due to a progressive c→t→m destabilization of the polymorphs. This c→t→m transformation is directly associated with the reduction of the InO1.5 stabilizer in solid solution by volatilization as In2O during heat treatment. At temperatures ≤ 800 ºC, the c→t phase transformation do not occurs, then, InSZ-based TBC is stable in these conditions.
A zircônia estabilizada com InO1,5 (InSZ) é um material com potencial aplicação como revestimentos para barreira térmica (TBC) resistentes à corrosão. Contudo, a instabilidade de fases impede aplicações industriais da InSZ. Esta tese investiga a ação da co-dopagem por compensação de cargas como uma estratégia para aumentar a estabilidade de fases da InSZ. Quatro sistemas de co-dopagem foram sintetizados por co-precipitação e estudados: (ZrO2)1-(x+y)(InO1,5)x(MOz)y com MOz = TaO2,5, NbO2,5, MoO3 ou WO3. Após a síntese, 9 %mol de InO1,5 somado a concentração de óxidos compensadores de carga foi suficiente para estabilização da fase tetragonal. Área superficial específica de até 106,1 m2.g‒1 e tamanho de cristalitos de ~11 nm foram obtidos utilizando a lavagem com etanol seguida por destilação azeotrópica como técnica de desidratação dos precipitados. Para estes pós, testes de estabilidade térmica indicaram instabilidade da fase tetragonal, com extensão de transformação t→m menos detrimental no sistema InMoSZ. Aumentando gradativamente a concentração de InO1,5-MoO3 na InMoSZ resulta em amostras monofásicas com retenção da fase cúbica. A InMoSZ cúbica exibiu dureza e coeficiente de expansão térmica até 13,5% e 9% superiores aos valores da InSZ, respectivamente. No entanto, tratamentos em temperaturas ≥ 1200 ºC indicaram que a InMoSZ é também suscetível a desestabilização da fase cúbica. Embora a InMoSZ cúbica tenha sido o sistema mais promissor obtido nesta tese, os resultados de estabilidade indicam que sua aplicação como TBC não é possível em temperaturas ≥ 1000 ºC. Uma avaliação detalhada das fases formadas após os tratamentos entre 1000 a 1200 ºC demonstrou que a instabilidade dos sistemas estudados é decorrente de uma transformação progressiva tipo c→t→m. A origem da transformação c→t→m é associada a redução da concentração do estabilizador InO1,5 em solução sólida por volatilização como In2O durante os testes de estabilidade térmica. Em temperaturas ≤ 800 ºC, a transformação c→m não ocorre, neste caso, TBCs baseadas em InSZ são estáveis termicamente para aplicações industriais.
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Chambrier, Marie-Hélène. "Analyse structurale au sein du diagramme de phase de La2O3-WO3 et exploration des propriétés de conduction ionique." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1018.pdf.

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Une appréhension avec les outils cristallographiques permet de mettre en évidence les relations structures-propriétés si nécessaires à la compréhension des propriétés de conduction des matériaux. C’est avec ce double objectif que mes travaux de thèse ont été menés : investigations structurales et études des propriétés de conduction ionique des composés définis de structure inconnue au sein du diagramme de phase La2O3-WO3. Les structures et les microstructures de ces composés, obtenus principalement par voie de synthèse solidesolide, ont été étudiés par diffraction des rayons X, des neutrons et des électrons (Microscopie Electronique en Transmission et à Balayage) sur poudre, par analyse thermique différentielle et gravimétrique, ainsi que par résonance magnétique nucléaire du 139La. Les propriétés de conduction ionique ont été caractérisées par spectroscopie d’impédance. Le composé ß-La2WO6 (1:1), forme basse température a vu sa structure résolue de manière ab-initio. Il s’agissait du dernier membre des composés Ln2WO6 (Ln = lanthanide + Yttrium) de structure inconnue, celui-ci ne présente aucune parenté cristallographique avec les composés de même formulation. Malgré des tests d’hyper-trempe, la variété haute température n’a pu être complètement isolée. Suite à la résolution structurale ab-initio du composé La14W8O45 (53,3%mol. WO3), nous avons dû reformuler ce composé vers La18W10O57 (52,6%mol. WO3). Ce composé cristallise dans une maille hexagonale de grand volume, avec un paramètre c six fois multiple du paramètre de la maille fluorine. Les trois variétés allotropiques du composé La6W2O15 (3:2) ont été étudiées. Lors de ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence une relation de parenté structurale entre ces trois formes. Les structures des formes haute température (a > 930°C) et moyenne température (630°C < ß < 930°C) sont résolues. Lors de cette étude, nous avons mis en évidence un nouveau composé défini qui se situe à 42%mol. WO3. Ce nouveau composé présente une structure modulée (1D) très proche de la forme haute température de la phase La6W2O15. On constate l’insertion d’un oxygène supplémentaire. Enfin, le composé La10W2O21 (5:2) a également été l’objet d’une longue étude car celui-ci présente une propriété de conduction par ions O2- intéressante, à 700°C, une conductivité de l’ordre de 6×10-4 S. Cm-1 a été mise en évidence. La résolution structurale a mis en évidence une structure lacunaire à la fois dans le sousréseau anionique et dans le sous-réseau cationique
The aim of this work deals with the structural exploration of the La2O3-WO3 phase diagram. Indeed, like many phase diagrams, La2O3-WO3 was built in the 70s, but definite compounds structures were not determined and are still unknown. This thesis focus on La2WO6, La18W10O57, La6W2O15 and La10W2O21. These compounds are synthesized as powder by solid state reaction and characterized by X-ray, neutron powder diffraction, gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, T. E. M. And 139La N. M. R. . The structure of the low temperature form named ß-La2WO6 has been determined from laboratory X-ray diffractometer, neutron (T. O. F) and electronic diffraction data. This tungstate crystallizes in a non-centrosymetric orthorhombic space group (n°19) P212121 Z = 8, a = 7,5196(1) Å, b = 10,3476(1) Å, c = 12,7944(2) Å. La18W10O57 which presents 52. 65 WO3 mol% in the binary system La2O3-WO3 in place of the previous reported compound: La14W8O45 53. 3 WO3 mol%. The structure has been determined from synchrotron and laboratory X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction data. This tungstate crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric hexagonal space group (n°190) P-62c , with Z = 2, a = 9. 0448(1)Å, c= 32. 6846(3)Å. This compound presents a sub cell c’=c/6= 5. 45Å. Polytypism have been observed concerning this compound by transmission electronic microscopy, ionic conductivity and thermal expansion have been explored. For the 3 allotropic La6W2O15 forms, a structural relation have been established. The a and ß form are solved. The crystal structure of La10W2O21, which has to be reformulated (La5. 667W0. 333)LaWO14??2, is best described, on average, by a 2 x 2 x 2 anion-deficient fluorite-related superstructure cubic cell, space group F 4 3m, Z = 4, a = 11. 17932(6) Å. The La/W mixed site is nicely confirmed by 139La NMR. This compound exibits an interesting fast oxide-ion conducting properties, comparable with LAMOX at low temperature. Different from many ionics conductors, we don’t notice any temperature structural transition. Its conductivity is about 6. 4×10-4 S. Cm-1 at 700°C
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Charton, Patrice. "Matériaux vitreux des systèmes TeO2-Ga2O3-WO3 et TeO2-Sb2O4-WO3 pour l'optique non-linéaire : synthèses, caractérisations structurales et mesures physiques." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20046.

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Bourdin, Marie. "Poudres et films à base d'oxyde de tungstène WO3 pour applications photoniques : photochromisme et électrochromisme." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0013.

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Dans cette étude, la synthèse en milieu polyol est utilisée afin d’obtenir des oxydes de tungstène nanostructurés et présentant une légère sous-stœchiométrie en oxygène (WO3 x). Les particules obtenues sont de couleur bleue, et possèdent des propriétés optiques intéressantes du fait de la présence d’ions W5+. Les traitements thermiques de ces particules à différentes températures ou sous différentes atmosphères permettent de contrôler la sous-stœchiométrie en oxygène et donc leurs propriétés optiques (et leur couleur) ; leur teinte allant du jaune pâle pour les composés recuits sous une atmosphère oxydante et ne possédant plus que des ions W6+, au noir pour des particules recuite sous une atmosphère réductrice créatrice d’électrons libres. Les propriétés électrochromes et photochromes ont été caractérisées après dépôt de films épais ou minces. Ainsi, les films épais de particules bleues, noires et jaunes montrent des électroactivités différentes lors de l’application d’un courant électrique. L’étude des films minces de WO3-x et de film « sandwich » de WO3-x + Ta2O5 révèle quant à elle une étonnante capacité de nos films à absorber dans le domaine du proche infrarouge lors de la photoréduction des ions W6+ en ions W5+ sous irradiation UV. Un traitement des données permet de montrer que, le photochromisme est associé à trois phénomènes d’absorption, d’énergies différentes, pour le film de WO3-x seul et à deux phénomènes pour le film « sandwich ». L’étude sur la réversibilité du phénomène a de plus montré une très bonne aptitude de nos films à se réoxyder (se décolorer) à l’air ambiant sans avoir recours à un traitement thermique ou chimique
In this study, polyol synthesis is used in order to obtain nanostructured tungsten oxides with a slight oxygen sub-stoichiometry (WO3-x). The particles obtained are blue and have interesting optical properties due to the presence of W5+ ions. The heat treatments of these particles at different temperatures or under different atmospheres allow the modification of their chemical composition and so their optical properties, therefore their color; their hue is ranging from pale yellow for compounds annealed under an oxidizing atmosphere and having only W6+ ions, to black for particles annealed under a reducing atmosphere creating free electrons. Electrochromic and photochromic properties have been characterized on thick or thin films. Thus, the thick films of blue, black and yellow particles show different electroactivities when an electric current is applied. The study of the thin films of WO3-x and “sandwich” film of WO3-x + Ta2O5 reveals an astonishing capacity of our films to absorb in the near infrared range during the photoreduction of the W6+ ions into W5+ ions under UV irradiation. The absorption curves show that photochromism is associated with three absorption phenomena of different energies for the WO3-x film and two phenomena for the “sandwich” film. The study on the reversibility of the phenomenon has also shown a very good ability of our films to reoxidize (discolour) in the ambient air without any thermal or chemical treatment
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Teiga, Bruno Cesar [UNESP]. "Síntese e caracterização do sistema vítreo (1-x) NaPO 3 – (x)WO 3." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92019.

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Os vidros fosfatos contendo óxido de tungstênio apresentam grande interesse tecnológico devido às suas propriedades térmicas, mecânicas, ópticas e elétricas obtidas pela inserção de átomos de tungstênio dentro da rede vítrea. Neste trabalho foram preparadas amostras vítreas do sistema binário pelo método convencional fusão-resfriamento, variando x = 0, 10, 30 e 60. Os materiais inicialmente em pó foram misturados e aquecidos à temperatura de 400°C por 1h para a remoção de água e gases adsorvidos. Então, foram fundidos à temperatura de 1100°C, o líquido resultante foi mantido a esta temperatura por 1 h para garantir a homogeneização e finalmente o material fundido foi rapidamente resfriado em um molde de latão pré-aquecido abaixo da temperatura de transição vítrea. O recozimento foi realizado nesta temperatura por 1 h para minimizar as tensões mecânicas. As propriedades dielétricas e a dependência da condutividade com a composição química, temperatura e freqüência foram avaliadas pela espectroscopia de impedância (IS). Um mecanismo de condução iônico foi observado para composições de WO3 < 30 %mol. Uma mistura entre os mecanismos de condução iônica e eletrônica foi observada para WO3 > 30 %mol. Aglomerados das unidades de WO6 foram observados nas amostras contendo grandes quantidades de WO3 sugerindo uma possível conexão entre estes aglomerados e os mecanismos de condução. As técnicas espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e difração de raios-X foram usadas para a caracterização no presente trabalho.
Tungsten oxide containing-phosphate glasses present interesting technological because of the specific thermal, mechanical, optical and electrical properties obtained by insertion of tungsten atoms inside the glass network. Vitreous samples of binary system (100 – x) NaPO3 – (x) WO3 were prepared by conventional melt-quenching, varying x = 0, 10, 30 and 60. The powdered starting materials were mixed and heated at 400°C for 1 h to remove water and adsorbed gases. Then, they were melted at temperature around 1100°C, the resulting liquid was keep at that temperature for 1 h to ensure homogenization and finally the melt was rapidly cooled in a brass mold preheated below the glass transition temperature. Annealing was implemented at this temperature for 1 h to minimize mechanical stress. Dielectrics properties and the dependence of the conductivity with chemical composition, temperature and frequency have been evaluated by impedance spectroscopy (IS). An ionic conduction mechanism was observed for composition of WO3 < 30 mol%. A mixed electronic and ionic conductivity mechanism was observed for WO3 > 30 mol%. Clusters of WO6 units were observed in samples with high WO3 content and a possible connection between these clusters and the conduction mechanism has been suggested. In the present work the techniques Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XDR) was used for characterization.
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Teiga, Bruno Cesar. "Síntese e caracterização do sistema vítreo (1-x) NaPO 3 - (x)WO 3 /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92019.

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Orientador: Marco Antonio Utrera Martines
Banca: Cláudio Luiz Carvalho
Banca: Silvio Cesar de Oliveira
Resumo: Os vidros fosfatos contendo óxido de tungstênio apresentam grande interesse tecnológico devido às suas propriedades térmicas, mecânicas, ópticas e elétricas obtidas pela inserção de átomos de tungstênio dentro da rede vítrea. Neste trabalho foram preparadas amostras vítreas do sistema binário pelo método convencional fusão-resfriamento, variando x = 0, 10, 30 e 60. Os materiais inicialmente em pó foram misturados e aquecidos à temperatura de 400°C por 1h para a remoção de água e gases adsorvidos. Então, foram fundidos à temperatura de 1100°C, o líquido resultante foi mantido a esta temperatura por 1 h para garantir a homogeneização e finalmente o material fundido foi rapidamente resfriado em um molde de latão pré-aquecido abaixo da temperatura de transição vítrea. O recozimento foi realizado nesta temperatura por 1 h para minimizar as tensões mecânicas. As propriedades dielétricas e a dependência da condutividade com a composição química, temperatura e freqüência foram avaliadas pela espectroscopia de impedância (IS). Um mecanismo de condução iônico foi observado para composições de WO3 < 30 %mol. Uma mistura entre os mecanismos de condução iônica e eletrônica foi observada para WO3 > 30 %mol. Aglomerados das unidades de WO6 foram observados nas amostras contendo grandes quantidades de WO3 sugerindo uma possível conexão entre estes aglomerados e os mecanismos de condução. As técnicas espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e difração de raios-X foram usadas para a caracterização no presente trabalho.
Abstract: Tungsten oxide containing-phosphate glasses present interesting technological because of the specific thermal, mechanical, optical and electrical properties obtained by insertion of tungsten atoms inside the glass network. Vitreous samples of binary system (100 - x) NaPO3 - (x) WO3 were prepared by conventional melt-quenching, varying x = 0, 10, 30 and 60. The powdered starting materials were mixed and heated at 400°C for 1 h to remove water and adsorbed gases. Then, they were melted at temperature around 1100°C, the resulting liquid was keep at that temperature for 1 h to ensure homogenization and finally the melt was rapidly cooled in a brass mold preheated below the glass transition temperature. Annealing was implemented at this temperature for 1 h to minimize mechanical stress. Dielectrics properties and the dependence of the conductivity with chemical composition, temperature and frequency have been evaluated by impedance spectroscopy (IS). An ionic conduction mechanism was observed for composition of WO3 < 30 mol%. A mixed electronic and ionic conductivity mechanism was observed for WO3 > 30 mol%. Clusters of WO6 units were observed in samples with high WO3 content and a possible connection between these clusters and the conduction mechanism has been suggested. In the present work the techniques Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XDR) was used for characterization.
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Aznar, Écija Ana Isabel. "Crecimiento y caracterización de capas epitaxiales de KRE 1-X 4BX(WO4)2 /KRE (WO4)2 (RE=Y,LU) para aplicaciones láser." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9094.

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En los últimos años, las capas delgadas ópticamente activas han adquirido una gran importancia, debido a sus aplicaciones en dispositivos ópticos integrados y dispositivos láser. Un láser de capa delgada requiere capas con una elevada concentración de ión activo y, que a su vez, tengan una elevada sección eficaz de absorción y emisión. Este tipo de láseres presentan como ventajas una mejor refrigeración axial del medio evitándose así problemas como el efecto lente.
Los cristales monoclínicos de KRE(WO4)2 con RE=Y, Lu, son materiales utilizados como matrices láser de estado sólido debido a que permiten la substitución parcial o total de uno de los iones de su estructura, por otros iones activos en la emisión láser. Además, presentan una elevada estabilidad química. El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido la obtención de capas de Yb:KYW/KYW y Yb:KLuW/KLuW, de elevada calidad para la posterior realización de experimentos láser. El proceso de crecimiento ha sido optimizado con el principal objetivo de conseguir la máxima concentración de ión activo en las capas epitaxiales. Éstas han sido caracterizadas estructural y espectroscópicamente, mostrando resultados prometedores para la emisión láser.
La última parte de esta tesis se ha dedicado al estudio de los experimentos láser, en los que hemos conseguido obtener radiación láser con una longitud de onda alrededor de los 1030 nm con una elevada pendiente de eficiencia, la cual en algunos casos ha excedido las publicadas previamente para los correspondientes monocristales dopados con iterbio.
Keywords: Top Seeded Solution Growth, Liquid Phase Epitaxy, KRE(WO4)2, Materiales láser.
In the past few years, optically active thin layers have attracted much attention due to the possibility of using it in the integrated optics as well as thin disk laser technology. The thin disk laser concept need layers hundreds of microns thick highly doped with active ions and high absorption and emission cross section. The lasers based on thin films have the advantage of high beam quality with high efficiency, making possible to obtain high power with low thermal lensing.
The crystals of the monoclinic tungstates, such as KRE(WO4)2 with RE=Y, Lu, are attractive materials to be used as solid state host doped with lanthanide ions as ytterbium due to the possibility of obtaining highly doped active media.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate how to obtain thin layers of Yb:KYW/KYW and Yb:KLuW/KLuW, with quality enough for laser experiments. The growth process has been optimized in order to obtain crystalline layers with high ytterbium concentration. Structural and spectroscopic properties of these layers have been studied, suggesting that laser emission can be achieved.
The last part of thesis is dedicated to study the laser experiments. We have achieved laser emission around 1030 nm with high slope efficiency, which in some cases exceeded the reported for the ytterbium doped bulk crystals
Keywords: Top Seeded Solution Growth, Liquid Phase Epitaxy, KRE(WO4)2, Laser materials
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Ramzan, Mohammed. "Characterization of electroceramics using impedance spectroscopy : photochromic tungsten trioxide (WO₃₋x) materials for sensor applications." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400156.

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Masdeu, Paola. "Förebilder som bär bikinis : Claremonts X-(Wo)Men,Phoenix, Shadowcat och Storm." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Gender, Culture and History, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1015.

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The aim of this study is to analyse how pornography is used in the American comics X-Men, published by Marvel under the authorship of Chris Claremont.

I have applied Butler and MacKinnons theories about pornography as a performative speech, to this special art form. I have also investigated how censorship has influenced the comics evolution and whether it has affected the way women and sexual and ethnical minorities are represented. To corroborate how these theories apply, I have analysed three main female fig-ures in The X-Men comics - Storm, Phoenix and Shadowcat - and I have tried to identify how they relate to existing stereotypes.

The conclusion of this essay is that the women characters in X-Men break the existing stereo-types and create new implications. This reinforces Butler’s theory about the possibility to re-verse hate speech and diminishes MacKinnons perspective of pornography as an imperative.

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Books on the topic "WO3-x"

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Zami͡atin, Evgeniĭ Ivanovich. Wo men x My. Xinbei Shi: Ye ren wen hua gu fen you xian gong si, 2014.

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xiu, Wang jun. Wo shi X jia Y. Chang sha: Hu nan jiao yu chu ban she, 1999.

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X dang an yan jiu suo: Wo zai 051 de gui mi 10 nian = X File. Beijing: Xin xing chu ban she, 2011.

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X! Wei he wo you zhan zai xue di shang. Taibei Shi: Yuan shen chu ban she you xian gong si, 2016.

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Wan zhuan wo de ping guo dian nao: Mac OS x 10.7 ban. Beijing Shi: Ji xie gong ye chu ban she, 2012.

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Zhongqi, Guan, ed. Wo 11 sui, jiu he you qian: Money oder das 1 x 1 Geldes. Taibei Shi: Gao bao guo ji wen hua gong si, 2001.

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Tomosha, Shufu no, ed. 50 sui hou geng mei li de hua zhuang fa: Gao bie 5 da NG zhuang rong, zhang wo di zhuang x yan zhuang x mei xing x sai hong deng ji qiao, da zao shu nü mei li. Taibei Shi: Tai ya chu ban you xian gong si, 2017.

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author, Lin Youli, and Liu Xinyu author, eds. Nü zi xun lian ying: Oh my girls yi qi dong : gen zhe wo men shou shen X sheng huo X bao yang, kuai le da zao wei ji mei xing. Taibei Shi: Cheng bang wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2016.

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translator, Huang Mengting, ed. Gei wo 30 tian huan ni xiao fu ji: Yi tian yi ge dong zuo X yi tian 15 fen zhong = 30 tian hou shuai yao nei rou! Taibei Shi: Da tian chu ban you xian gong si, 2015.

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Bo, Wang, ed. Shei tou zou le wo de shi jian?: Das neue 1 x 1 des zeit management : Gao xiao neng ren shi de shi jian guan li shou ce. 2nd ed. Bei jing: Zhong xin chu ban she, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "WO3-x"

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Salje, Ekhard K. H. "Structural Modulations in the High-Temperature Superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ and Semi Conducting WO3-x Aspects of Non-Equilibrium Behaviour." In Geometry and Thermodynamics, 323–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3816-5_28.

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Zhu, Chongbing, Baosheng Jin, and Feng Li. "Deactivation Effect of Different Components From Coal-fired Flue Gas on DeNO x Activity of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 Catalyst." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 696–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_130.

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Song, Hai Yan, Hong Fu Jiang, Xing Qin Liu, Yin Zhu Jiang, and Guang Yao Meng. "Preparation of WOx-TiO2 and the Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Irradiation." In Key Engineering Materials, 1979–82. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.1979.

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Salje, E. K. H. "Polarons and bipolarons in WO3−x and YBa2Cu3O7." In Polarons and Bipolarons in High-Tc Superconductors and Related Materials, 110–32. Cambridge University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511599811.008.

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Olaitan Kolawole, Funsho, Shola Kolade Kolawole, Luis Bernardo Varela, Adebayo Felix Owa, Marco Antonio Ramirez, and André Paulo Tschiptschin. "Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings for Automobile Applications." In Engineering Applications of Diamond [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95063.

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are amorphous carbon material which exhibits typical properties of diamond such as hardness and low coefficient of friction, characterized based on the sp3 bonded carbon and structure. The proportion of sp2 (graphetically) and sp3 (diamond-like) determines the properties of the DLC. This coating can be applied to automobile engine component in an attempt to provide energy efficiency by reducing friction and wear. However, DLC coatings are faced with issues of thermal instability caused by increasing temperature in the combustion engine of a vehicle. Therefore, it became necessary to seek ways of improving this coating to meetup with all tribological requirements that will be able to resist transformational change of the coating as the temperature increases. This chapter discusses the need for diamond-like carbon coatings for automobile engine applications, due to their ultra-low friction coefficient (<0.1) and excellent wear resistance (wear rate ~ 7 x 10−17 m3/N.m). The importance of DLC coatings deposited using PECVD technique, their mechanical and tribological properties at conditions similar to automobile engines would also be discussed. Non-metallic (hydrogen, boron, nitrogen, phosphorus, fluorine and sulfur) or metals (copper, nickel, tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, silicon, chromium and niobium) has been used to improve the thermal stability of DLC coatings. Recently, incorporation of Ag nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles, WO3 nanoparticles and MoO3 nanoparticles into DLC has been used. The novel fabrication of diamond-like carbon coatings incorporated nanoparticles (WO3/MoO3) using PECVD for automobile applications has shown an improvement in the adhesion properties of the DLC coatings. DLC coatings had a critical load of 25 N, while after incorporating with WO3/MoO3 nanoparticles had critical load at 32 N and 39 N respectively.
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"fivsl- X -Hul-= ^ Woe." In A Collection of Performance Tasks & Rubrics: Middle School Mathematics, 189–91. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315853208-30.

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Prudius, S. V., O. V. Melezhyk, and V. V. Brei. "Synthesis and study of mesoporous WO3-ZrO2-SiO2 solid acid." In Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts - Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, July 11-15, 2010, 233–36. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(10)75031-x.

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"won X is the common." In Noncommutative Distributions, 64. CRC Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482277579-15.

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Confente, Ilenia, Vania Vigolo, and Federico Brunetti. "The Role of WOM in Affecting the Intention to Purchase Online." In Exploring the Power of Electronic Word-of-Mouth in the Services Industry, 317–33. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8575-6.ch017.

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Recent studies have focused on the influence of online word-of-mouth (WOM) on tourist behavior. However, the role of traditional versus online WOM on travel decisions remains to be expanded. This chapter addresses this research gap by empirically investigating the impact of offline and online WOM on travel decisions across four different cohorts: Generation Y, Generation X, the Baby Boomers, and the Silent Generation. In addition, it explores generational differences with regard to online booking intentions. Findings reveal that traditional WOM affects travel decisions by all cohorts, with a higher impact for the Baby Boomers and the Silent Generations. Online WOM has a higher influence for younger cohorts, who also show a higher intention to purchase online than older generations. Still, the results show that senior individuals are well aware of the possibilities offered by the Internet as both an information source and a purchase channel.
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Schindler, Thomas E. "What She Did for Love." In A Hidden Legacy, 90–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197531679.003.0011.

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This chapter reviews the marked asymmetry exhibited by the Lederberg collaboration. After 1958 when he won the Noble Prize, Joshua’s career took off while Esther’s sharply declined. For the awards ceremonies in Stockholm, Esther was demoted to Nobel wife. Coincidentally, 1958 was the year that Rosalind Franklin died, which disqualified her for sharing the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the DNA double helix. Franklin’s exceptional X-ray diffraction micrographs of DNA provided the critical evidence for Watson and Crick’s chemical model of DNA. In 1947, Gerty and Carl Cori were the first scientific couple to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. An exceptional complementarity distinguished the Cori relationship. More often, husband and wife collaborations are asymmetric: for six out of the seven other couples who earned one Nobel Prize, the husband alone received the award. Unlike most of their colleagues, B. O. Dodge congratulated both Lederbergs for achieving together the Nobel Prize.
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Conference papers on the topic "WO3-x"

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Pravica, Michael, Yonggang Wang, Yuming Xiao, and Paul Chow. "High pressure resonant X-ray emission studies of WO3 and hydrogenated WO3." In The 17th International Conference on High Pressure in Semiconductor Physics (HPSP-17) & Workshop on High-pressure Study on Superconducting. Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjapcp.6.011102.

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Lin, Zufang, Paibin Xie, and Jun Chen. "Defect-enhanced field electron emission from WO3−x nanowires." In 2019 International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivec.2019.8745220.

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Hou, Changjun, Jiale Dong, Yan Xu, Danqun Huo, Yike Tang, and Jun Yang. "Preparation and Characterization of Pt/WO3 Nano-Film and Its Hydrogen-Sensing Properties." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70010.

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Tungsten trioxide is an n-type semiconductor, which has been extensively used for the development of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors. The hydrogen gas sensing performance of platinum (Pt) catalyst activated WO3 thin films were investigated here. All of the Pt/WO3 films membranes are sensitive to hydrogen gas and the sample by sol-gel and DC reactive magnetron sputtering methods. X-ray diffraction results indicate that the tungsten trioxide is cubic crystal, and the AFM analysis shows molecular structures of the samples are tetrahedron. It means the four consecutive quadrilateral forms we observed in the 9nmx9nm molecular structure are scattergram of tungsten-ions and oxide-ions on 106 sides in WO2.9 structure cell, and the lost one oxide-ion resulted in the transition of WO3 to WO2.9. With anneal temperature rising, the membranous poriness decreasing. The higher crystal degree is, the lower gasochromic efficiency is. The change of combining environment and content of O−2 ions in colorized / decolorized state WOx films was observed in XPS analysis of Pt/WO3 film, the peak shape had changed greatly. As a result, the explanation to this phenomenon is available here according to XPS chemical shift of electric potential model theory.
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Yang, Dongfang, Bo Chen, Suwas Nikumb, Chun-Hsien Chang, and Chii-Wann Lin. "Surface Plasmon Resonance Gas Sensors Using Au-WO3-x Nanocomposite Films." In 2008 Second International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (sensorcomm 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensorcomm.2008.29.

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Avellaneda, Cesar O., and Luis O. Bulhoes. "Electrochemical and optical properties of WO3:X sol-gel coatings (X=Li, Ti, Nb, Ta)." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Keith L. Lewis and Klaus Meerholz. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.406485.

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Meenakshi, M., R. Sivakumar, P. Perumal, and C. Sanjeeviraja. "Studies on RF sputtered (WO3)1-x (V2O5)x thin films for smart window applications." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2015. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4947948.

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Ashiri, I. "Attachment of Single Multiwall WS2 Nanotubes and Single WO3−x Nanowhiskers to a Probe." In MOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURES: XVII International Winterschool Euroconference on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1628090.

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Bocharov, Dmitry, Alexei Kuzmin, Juris Purans, and Yuri Zhukovskii. "Quantum chemistry studies of the O K-edge x-ray absorption in WO3 and AWO3." In Sixth International Conference on Advanced Optical Materials and Devices, edited by Janis Spigulis, Andris Krumins, Donats Millers, Andris Sternberg, Inta Muzikante, Andris Ozols, and Maris Ozolinsh. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.815297.

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Lin, Hsuan-Ching, Huei-Siou Chen, Cherng-Yuh Su, and Chaochin Su. "Enhanced efficiency of TIO2 photoanodes modified with WO3−x nanomaterials in dye-sensitized solar cells." In 2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2009.5411141.

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Shmyreva, T., and V. Britun. "WC-Co Detonation Coatings Having a Hybrid Amorphous-Nanocrystalline Structure Display Improved Properties." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0925.

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Abstract X ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies and measurements of hardness and void content were carried out for WC-20% Co coatings produced by detonation flame spraying at various oxygen/acetylene ratios in the detonating gas mixture. It was demonstrated that successive transition from (WC+Co) to (W2C+Co3W3C) to (W+CO7W6) occurs as the oxygen content in the mixture is increased, and that amorphous-nanocrystalline structures form in the coating. Two types of these hybrid structures were revealed, one including an amorphous metallic matrix containing precipitates of intermetallic nanocrystals, the other having an amorphous oxide matrix and nanocrystalline precipitates of CO3O4 and WO3. The hybrid structures were shown to improve coating density and hardness.
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