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1
Kumar, Amit, Ravindra B. Chalamalasetty, Mark W. Kennedy, Sara Thomas, Shreya N. Inala, Robert J. Garriock, and Terry P. Yamaguchi. "Zfp703 Is a Wnt/β-Catenin Feedback Suppressor Targeting the β-Catenin/Tcf1 Complex." Molecular and Cellular Biology 36, no. 12 (April 18, 2016): 1793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01010-15.
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The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controls embryonic development and adult stem cell maintenance through the regulation of transcription. Failure to downregulate Wnt signaling can result in embryonic malformations and cancer, highlighting the important role of negative regulators of the pathway. The Wnt pathway activates several negative feedback targets, including axin2 and Dkk1, that function at different levels of the signaling cascade; however, none have been identified that directly target active β-catenin/Tcf1 transcriptional complexes. We show thatZfp703is a Wnt target gene that inhibits Wnt/β-catenin activity in Wnt reporter assays and in Wnt-dependent mesoderm differentiation in embryonic stem cells. Zfp703 binds directly to Tcf1 to inhibit β-catenin/Tcf1 complex formation and does so independently of the Groucho/Tle transcriptional corepressor. We propose that Zfp703 is a novel feedback suppressor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that functions by inhibiting the association of β-catenin with Tcf1 on Wnt response elements in target gene enhancers.
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Yang, Shengsen, Fei Zhou, Yi Dong, and Fei Ren. "α-Mangostin Induces Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cells Through ROS-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via the WNT Pathway." Cell Transplantation 30 (January 1, 2021): 096368972110350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09636897211035080.
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α-mangostin has been confirmed to promote the apoptosis of MG-63 cells, but its specific pro-apoptosis mechanism in osteosarcoma (OS) remains further investigation. Here, we demonstrated that α-mangostin restrained the viability of OS cells (143B and Saos-2), but had little effect on the growth of normal human osteoblast. α-mangostin increased OS cell apoptosis by activating the caspase-3/8 cascade. Besides, α-mangostin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and restrained the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity. 4PBA (an ER stress inhibitor) or LiCl (an effective Wnt activator) treatment effectively hindered α-mangostin-induced apoptosis and the caspase-3/8 cascade. Furthermore, we also found that α-mangostin induced ER stress by promoting ROS production. And ER stress-mediated apoptosis caused by ROS accumulation depended on the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In addition, α-mangostin significantly hindered the growth of xenograft tumors, induced the expression of ER stress marker proteins and activation of the caspase-3/8 cascade, and restrained the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo. In short, ROS-mediated ER stress was involved in α-mangostin triggered apoptosis, which might depended on Wnt/β-catenin signaling inactivation.
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Ishitani, Tohru, Satoshi Kishida, Junko Hyodo-Miura, Naoto Ueno, Jun Yasuda, Marian Waterman, Hiroshi Shibuya, Randall T. Moon, Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji, and Kunihiro Matsumoto. "The TAK1-NLK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade Functions in the Wnt-5a/Ca2+ Pathway To Antagonize Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling." Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.1.131-139.2003.
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ABSTRACT Wnt signaling controls a variety of developmental processes. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway functions to stabilize β-catenin, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway activates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). In addition, the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway activated by Wnt-5a antagonizes the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via an unknown mechanism. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway composed of TAK1 MAPK kinase kinase and NLK MAPK also negatively regulates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Here we show that activation of CaMKII induces stimulation of the TAK1-NLK pathway. Overexpression of Wnt-5a in HEK293 cells activates NLK through TAK1. Furthermore, by using a chimeric receptor (β2AR-Rfz-2) containing the ligand-binding and transmembrane segments from the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and the cytoplasmic domains from rat Frizzled-2 (Rfz-2), stimulation with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol activates activities of endogenous CaMKII, TAK1, and NLK and inhibits β-catenin-induced transcriptional activation. These results suggest that the TAK1-NLK MAPK cascade is activated by the noncanonical Wnt-5a/Ca2+ pathway and antagonizes canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
4
Wang, Xiaohong, Neeta Adhikari, Qinglu Li, and Jennifer L. Hall. "LDL receptor-related protein LRP6 regulates proliferation and survival through the Wnt cascade in vascular smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 287, no. 6 (December 2004): H2376—H2383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01173.2003.
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Initial studies have established expression of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We hypothesized that LRP6 is a critical mediator governing the regulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin/T cell factor 4 (Tcf-4) cascade in the vasculature. This hypothesis was based on our previous work demonstrating a role for the β-catenin/Tcf-4 pathway in vascular remodeling as well as work in other cell systems establishing a role for LRP family members in the Wnt cascade. In line with our hypothesis, LRP6 upregulation significantly increased Wnt-1-induced Tcf activation. Moreover, a dominant interfering LRP6 mutant lacking the carboxyl intracellular domain (LRP6ΔC) abolished Tcf activity. LRP6-induced stimulation of Tcf was blocked in VSMCs harboring constitutive expression of a dominant negative Tcf-4 transgene lacking the β-catenin binding domain, suggesting that LRP6-induced activation of Tcf was mediated through a β-catenin-dependent signal. Expression of the dominant interfering LRP6ΔC transgene was sufficient to abolish the Wnt-induced survival as well as cyclin D1 activity and cell cycle progression. In conclusion, these findings provide the first evidence of a role for an LDL receptor-related protein in the regulation of VSMC proliferation and survival through the evolutionary conserved Wnt signaling cascade.
5
Palchevska, O. L., V. V. Balatskyi, L. L. Macewicz, and O. O. Piven. "Cardiospecific deletion of β-catenin gene associated with an activity violation of signaling cascades involved in the development of myocardial hypertrophy." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 15, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.15.2.877.
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The aim of our study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of hypertrophy response under cardiospecific β-catenin haploinsufficiency condition. Materials and methods. Studies were done with β-catenin condtional knockout mice (β-catflox/flox) and α-MHC-Cre-transgenic mice. To induce hypertrophy we used swimming test during 6 weeks. Using western-blot, we have analyzed the level of studied proteins. Results. It has been shown that the β-catenin haploinsufficiency is associated with increased signaling activity of MAPK, PI3-kinase-mTOR-dependent signaling cascades in both: with prolonged physical activity and without it. However, even with an increased activity of this signalling, β-catenin haploinsufficient mice expressed weaker hypertrophic response. Conclusions. The transcriptional activity of β-catenin is necessary for the proper interaction of signaling cascades during heart maturation and adaptation to stress. Keywords: β-catenin, hypertrophy, Wnt-signalling, MAPK signalling, PI3-kinase-mTOR-dependent cascade, PKA-signalling, myocardium.
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Quarta, Santina, Andrea Cappon, Cristian Turato, Mariagrazia Ruvoletto, Stefania Cannito, Gianmarco Villano, Alessandra Biasiolo, et al. "SerpinB3 Upregulates Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein (LRP) Family Members, Leading to Wnt Signaling Activation and Increased Cell Survival and Invasiveness." Biology 12, no. 6 (May 26, 2023): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12060771.
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Abnormal activation of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling cascade is involved in tumor growth and dissemination. SerpinB3 has been shown to induce β-catenin, and both molecules are overexpressed in tumors, particularly in those with poor prognoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of SerpinB3 to modulate the Wnt pathway in liver cancer and in monocytic cells, the main type of inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment. The Wnt cascade, Wnt co-receptors, and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) members were analyzed in different cell lines and human monocytes in the presence or absence of SerpinB3. The Wnt-β-catenin axis was also evaluated in liver tumors induced in mice with different extents of SeprinB3 expression. In monocytic cells, SerpinB3 induced a significant upregulation of Wnt-1/7, nuclear β-catenin, and c-Myc, which are associated with increased cell lifespan and proliferation. In liver tumors in mice, the expression of β-catenin was significantly correlated with the presence of SerpinB3. In hepatoma cells, Wnt co-receptors LRP-5/6 and LRP-1, implicated in cell survival and invasiveness, were upregulated by SerpinB3. The LRP pan-inhibitor RAP not only induced a decrease in LRP expression, but also a dose–dependent reduction in SerpinB3-induced invasiveness. In conclusion, SerpinB3 determines the activation of the Wnt canonical pathway and cell invasiveness through the upregulation of LRP family members.
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Grishanova, Alevtina Y., Lyubov S. Klyushova, and Maria L. Perepechaeva. "AhR and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways and Their Interplay." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, no. 5 (May 2, 2023): 3848–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45050248.
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As evolutionarily conserved signaling cascades, AhR and Wnt signaling pathways play a critical role in the control over numerous vital embryonic and somatic processes. AhR performs many endogenous functions by integrating its signaling pathway into organ homeostasis and into the maintenance of crucial cellular functions and biological processes. The Wnt signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and many other phenomena, and this regulation is important for embryonic development and the dynamic balance of adult tissues. AhR and Wnt are the main signaling pathways participating in the control of cell fate and function. They occupy a central position in a variety of processes linked with development and various pathological conditions. Given the importance of these two signaling cascades, it would be interesting to elucidate the biological implications of their interaction. Functional connections between AhR and Wnt signals take place in cases of crosstalk or interplay, about which quite a lot of information has been accumulated in recent years. This review is focused on recent studies about the mutual interactions of key mediators of AhR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and on the assessment of the complexity of the crosstalk between the AhR signaling cascade and the canonical Wnt pathway.
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Langhammer, Tina-Susann, Catrin Roolf, Saskia Krohn, Christin Kretzschmar, Rayk Huebner, Arndt Rolfs, Mathias Freund, and Christian Junghanss. "PI3K/Akt Signaling Interacts With Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling But Does Not Induce An Accumulation Of β-Catenin In The Nucleus Of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4886.4886.
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Abstract Signaling pathways play essential roles in biological processes as development, cell proliferation and homeostasis. The accurate modulation of signaling pathways, their adapted interaction and their time- and tissue-specific adjusted regulation are required for normal cell development. PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways act as key regulators in cell proliferation, differentiation and growth. Both signaling pathways include GSK3β as a common protein, which may mediate an interaction and cross-talk between the pathways. Aberrant activation of PI3K/Akt signaling has been linked to different types of leukemia while Wnt/β-Catenin signaling is known to be deregulated in some solid tumors. However, a potential role of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling for pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has not yet been analyzed. In our study we analyzed both signaling pathways in different B- and T-ALL cell lines (RS4;11, SEM, REH, CEM, Jurkat, MOLT-4), thereby focusing mainly on their potential interaction via the protein GSK3β. Western Blot experiments were performed to evaluate the expression of specific PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-Catenin key proteins. To evaluate the activation status of Wnt signaling immunofluorescence and protein fractionation experiments were performed, analyzing the activation linked nucleic localization of β-Catenin. The effect of pathway activation and inhibition on cell proliferation via chemical compounds was analyzed by WST-1 test. High pAkt levels were detected in B-ALL cell line SEM and T-ALL cell line CEM, indicating a hyperactive PI3K/Akt signaling, whereas other analyzed cell lines diplayed lower pAkt status. Among all cell lines analyzed SEM and CEM also showed the highest cytoplasmic β-Catenin levels, indicating a direct interaction of both signaling pathways. However, immunofluorescence and fractionation experiments revealed that a translocation of β-Catenin into the nucleus did not occur. To further investigate the role and interaction of PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling, pathway inhibiting and stimulating experiments were performed. Treatment of cells with Wnt3a led to activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling cascade, characterized by nuclear β-Catenin accumulation. Inhibition of cell proliferation was detected after treatment with high concentrations Wnt3a (≥ 500 ng/ml). PI3K inhibition by LY294002 led to decreased phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 and an increased decay of β-Catenin. Stimulation of PI3K/Akt signaling using activating ligand FLT3L induced GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser9 and accumulation of cytoplasmic β-Catenin. However a translocation of β-Catenin into the nucleus seems not to occur. In summary our results indicate that PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling can interact through their common protein GSK3β, but stimulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by addition of PI3K/Akt specific activators does not fully activate Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in ALL cells. Complete activation of the Wnt cascade characterized by translocation of β-Catenin into the nucleus can only be induced by use of specific Wnt effectors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Banerjee, Anwesha, Mamta Chawla-Sarkar, and Anupam Mukherjee. "Rotavirus-Mediated Suppression of miRNA-192 Family and miRNA-181a Activates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway: An In Vitro Study." Viruses 14, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030558.
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The significance of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in Rotavirus (RV) infection has not been elucidated. In this study, we attempt to elucidate the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the RV pathogenesis and investigate a miRNA-mediated approach to regulate the pathway to repress the RV infection in the host. The regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in terms of β-catenin accumulation and activation was analyzed by Western blotting and Confocal imaging analysis. The expression levels of miR-192 family members and miR-181a were enquired into using qPCR assays, whereas their targets in the Wnt pathway were confirmed using the Luciferase Reporter Assays. Members of the miR-192 family and miR-181a, which target the components of the pathway, were also found to be considerably decreased in expression during RV infection. Ectopic expression of these miRNAs could restrict the RV pathogenesis by targeting the intermediates of the Wnt signaling pathway. The miR-192 family and miR-181a were capable of suppressing the RV infection via targeting of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The study not only highlights the role of the Wnt signaling cascade in RV infection but also suggests that miRNAs can synergistically decrease RV replication by a significant amount. Thus, the miR-192 family and miR-181a present themselves as prospective antivirals against RV infection.
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Wang, Zhongyuan, Bo Li, Liang Zhou, Shubin Yu, Zijie Su, Jiaxing Song, Qi Sun, et al. "Prodigiosin inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and exerts anticancer activity in breast cancer cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 46 (October 31, 2016): 13150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616336113.
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Prodigiosin, a natural red pigment produced by numerous bacterial species, has exhibited promising anticancer activity; however, the molecular mechanisms of action of prodigiosin on malignant cells remain unclear. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade is associated with numerous human cancers. In this study, we identified prodigiosin as a potent inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prodigiosin blocked Wnt/β-catenin signaling by targeting multiple sites of this pathway, including the low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein (LRP) 6, Dishevelled (DVL), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). In breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, nanomolar concentrations of prodigiosin decreased phosphorylation of LRP6, DVL2, and GSK3β and suppressed β-catenin–stimulated Wnt target gene expression, including expression of cyclin D1. In MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts and MMTV-Wnt1 transgenic mice, administration of prodigiosin slowed tumor progression and reduced the expression of phosphorylated LRP6, phosphorylated and unphosphorylated DVL2, Ser9 phosphorylated GSK3β, active β-catenin, and cyclin D1. Through its ability to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reduce cyclin D1 levels, prodigiosin could have therapeutic activity in advanced breast cancers.
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Dorfman, Tatiana, Yulia Pollak, Rima Sohotnik, Arnold G. Coran, Jacob Bejar, and Igor Sukhotnik. "Enhanced intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in diabetic rats correlates with β-catenin accumulation." Journal of Endocrinology 226, no. 3 (June 25, 2015): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-14-0725.
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The Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade is implicated in the control of stem cell activity, cell proliferation, and cell survival of the gastrointestinal epithelium. Recent evidence indicates that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is activated under diabetic conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during diabetes-induced enteropathy in a rat model. Male rats were divided into three groups: control rats received injections of vehicle; diabetic rats received injections of one dose of streptozotocin (STZ); and diabetic–insulin rats received injections of STZ and were treated with insulin given subcutaneously at a dose of 1 U/kg twice daily. Rats were killed on day 7. Wnt/β-catenin-related genes and expression of proteins was determined using real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Among 13 genes identified by real-time PCR, seven genes were upregulated in diabetic rats compared with control animals including the target genes c-Myc and Tcf4. Diabetic rats also showed a significant increase in β-catenin protein compared with control animals. Treatment of diabetic rats attenuated the stimulating effect of diabetes on intestinal cell proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, enhanced intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in diabetic rats correlates with β-catenin accumulation.
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Reis, Marco, Cathrin J. Czupalla, Nicole Ziegler, Kavi Devraj, Jenny Zinke, Sascha Seidel, Rosario Heck, et al. "Endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibits glioma angiogenesis and normalizes tumor blood vessels by inducing PDGF-B expression." Journal of Experimental Medicine 209, no. 9 (August 20, 2012): 1611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20111580.
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Endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling is necessary for angiogenesis of the central nervous system and blood–brain barrier (BBB) differentiation, but its relevance for glioma vascularization is unknown. In this study, we show that doxycycline-dependent Wnt1 expression in subcutaneous and intracranial mouse glioma models induced endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling and led to diminished tumor growth, reduced vascular density, and normalized vessels with increased mural cell attachment. These findings were corroborated in GL261 glioma cells intracranially transplanted in mice expressing dominant-active β-catenin specifically in the endothelium. Enforced endothelial β-catenin signaling restored BBB characteristics, whereas inhibition by Dkk1 (Dickkopf-1) had opposing effects. By overactivating the Wnt pathway, we induced the Wnt/β-catenin–Dll4/Notch signaling cascade in tumor endothelia, blocking an angiogenic and favoring a quiescent vascular phenotype, indicated by induction of stalk cell genes. We show that β-catenin transcriptional activity directly regulated endothelial expression of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), leading to mural cell recruitment thereby contributing to vascular quiescence and barrier function. We propose that reinforced Wnt/β-catenin signaling leads to inhibition of angiogenesis with normalized and less permeable vessels, which might prove to be a valuable therapeutic target for antiangiogenic and edema glioma therapy.
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Mulholland, David J., Shoukat Dedhar, Gerhard A. Coetzee, and Colleen C. Nelson. "Interaction of Nuclear Receptors with the Wnt/β-Catenin/Tcf Signaling Axis: Wnt You Like to Know?" Endocrine Reviews 26, no. 7 (August 26, 2005): 898–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2003-0034.
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The cross-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf ligands, kinases, and transcription factors with members of the nuclear receptor (NR) family has emerged as a clinically and developmentally important area of endocrine cell biology. Interactions between these signaling pathways result in a diverse array of cellular effects including altered cellular adhesion, tissue morphogenesis, and oncogenesis. Analyses of NR interactions with canonical Wnt signaling reveal two broad themes: Wnt/β-catenin modulation of NRs (theme I), and ligand-dependent NR inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf cascade (theme II). β-Catenin, a promiscuous Wnt signaling member, has been studied intensively in relation to the androgen receptor (AR). β-Catenin acts as a coactivator of AR transcription and is also involved in cotrafficking, increasing cell proliferation, and prostate pathogenesis. T cell factor, a transcriptional mediator of β-catenin and AR, engages in a dynamic reciprocity of nuclear β-catenin, p300/CREB binding protein, and transcriptional initiation factor 2/GC receptor-interaction protein, thereby facilitating hormone-dependent coactivation and transrepression. β-Catenin responds in an equally dynamic manner with other NRs, including the retinoic acid (RA) receptor (RAR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), progesterone receptor, thyroid receptor (TR), estrogen receptor (ER), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). The NR ligands, vitamin D3, trans/cis RA, glucocorticoids, and thiazolidines, induce dramatic changes in the physiology of cells harboring high Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf activity. Wnt signaling regulates, directly or indirectly, developmental processes such as ductal branching and adipogenesis, two processes dependent on NR function. β-Catenin has been intensively studied in colorectal cancer; however, it is now evident that β-catenin may be important in cancers of the breast, prostate, and thyroid. This review will focus on the cross-regulation of AR and Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf but will also consider the dynamic manner in which RAR/RXR, GR, TR, VDR, ER, and PPAR modulate canonical Wnt signaling. Although many commonalities exist by which NRs interact with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, striking cell line and tissue-specific differences require deciphering and application to endocrine pathology.
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Zhang, Tianyi, Fu-Ning Hsu, Xiao-Jun Xie, Xiao Li, Mengmeng Liu, Xinsheng Gao, Xun Pei, Yang Liao, Wei Du, and Jun-Yuan Ji. "Reversal of hyperactive Wnt signaling-dependent adipocyte defects by peptide boronic acids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 36 (August 21, 2017): E7469—E7478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1621048114.
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Deregulated Wnt signaling and altered lipid metabolism have been linked to obesity, diabetes, and various cancers, highlighting the importance of identifying inhibitors that can modulate Wnt signaling and aberrant lipid metabolism. We have established a Drosophila model with hyperactivated Wnt signaling caused by partial loss of axin, a key component of the Wnt cascade. The Axin mutant larvae are transparent and have severe adipocyte defects caused by up-regulation of β-catenin transcriptional activities. We demonstrate pharmacologic mitigation of these phenotypes in Axin mutants by identifying bortezomib and additional peptide boronic acids. We show that the suppressive effect of peptide boronic acids on hyperactive Wnt signaling is dependent on α-catenin; the rescue effect is completely abolished with the depletion of α-catenin in adipocytes. These results indicate that rather than targeting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway directly, pharmacologic modulation of β-catenin activity through α-catenin is a potentially attractive approach to attenuating Wnt signaling in vivo.
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Rao, A. S., N. Kremenevskaja, J. Resch, and G. Brabant. "Lithium stimulates proliferation in cultured thyrocytes by activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling." European Journal of Endocrinology 153, no. 6 (December 2005): 929–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02038.
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Background: Lithium, clinically used in the treatment of bipolar disorders, is well known to induce thyroid growth. However, the mechanism involved is only incompletely characterized. Although it is conventionally believed that thyroid proliferation depends on the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)/cAMP/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway, recent data indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signalling may be of critical importance. In other cell types lithium activates canonical Wnt signalling by GSK-3β inhibition, which in turn stabilizes cytosolic free β-catenin. Here we investigated the potential modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling under lithium treatment in primary and neoplastic human thyrocytes. Methods: Primary (S18) and neoplastic (NPA, FTC133) thyrocytes treated with and without LiCl were analysed using Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, reporter-gene assay, MTT proliferation assay and transfection studies. Results: LiCl dose-dependently inhibited GSK-3β, stabilized free β-catenin and inhibited β-catenin degradation. Furthermore, LiCl altered the assembly of adherens junction by upregulating the E-cad-herin repressor, Snail, and downregulated E-cadherin expression. At a dose of 5 mM, LiCl significantly increased the proliferative potency of thyrocytes, which appeared to be mediated by β-catenin, since nuclear β-catenin stimulated T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF)-mediated transcription and upregulated downstream targets like cyclin D1. To characterize the specificity of Wnt/β-catenin-driven thyrocyte proliferation, we transfected primary thyrocytes and FTC133 cells with dominant negative TCF4 to block Wnt-dependent pathways or with dominant negative CREB to inhibit the TSH/cAMP cascade. In cells transfected with dominant negative CREB lithium-stimulated proliferation was unchanged whereas blocking Wnt/β-catenin by dominant negative TCF4 reduced proliferation by approx. 50%. Conclusion: Our data indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is of major importance in the control of lithium-dependent thyrocyte proliferation.
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Hendriksen, Jolita, Francois Fagotto, Hella van der Velde, Martijn van Schie, Jasprien Noordermeer, and Maarten Fornerod. "RanBP3 enhances nuclear export of active β-catenin independently of CRM1." Journal of Cell Biology 171, no. 5 (November 28, 2005): 785–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200502141.
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β-Catenin is the nuclear effector of the Wnt signaling cascade. The mechanism by which nuclear activity of β-catenin is regulated is not well defined. Therefore, we used the nuclear marker RanGTP to screen for novel nuclear β-catenin binding proteins. We identified a cofactor of chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)–mediated nuclear export, Ran binding protein 3 (RanBP3), as a novel β-catenin–interacting protein that binds directly to β-catenin in a RanGTP-stimulated manner. RanBP3 inhibits β-catenin–mediated transcriptional activation in both Wnt1- and β-catenin–stimulated human cells. In Xenopus laevis embryos, RanBP3 interferes with β-catenin–induced dorsoventral axis formation. Furthermore, RanBP3 depletion stimulates the Wnt pathway in both human cells and Drosophila melanogaster embryos. In human cells, this is accompanied by an increase of dephosphorylated β-catenin in the nucleus. Conversely, overexpression of RanBP3 leads to a shift of active β-catenin toward the cytoplasm. Modulation of β-catenin activity and localization by RanBP3 is independent of adenomatous polyposis coli protein and CRM1. We conclude that RanBP3 is a direct export enhancer for β-catenin, independent of its role as a CRM1-associated nuclear export cofactor.
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Kim, Jaeyoon, Jae Young Shin, Yun-Ho Choi, Nae Gyu Kang, and Sanghwa Lee. "Anti-Hair Loss Effect of Adenosine Is Exerted by cAMP Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Stimulation via Modulation of Gsk3β Activity in Cultured Human Dermal Papilla Cells." Molecules 27, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072184.
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In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of adenosine for its hair growth promoting effect. Adenosine stimulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by modulating the activity of Gsk3β in cultured human dermal papilla cells. It also activated adenosine receptor signaling, increasing intracellular cAMP level, and subsequently stimulating the cAMP mediated cellular energy metabolism. The phosphorylation of CREB, mTOR, and GSK3β was increased. Furthermore, the expression of β-catenin target genes such as Axin2, Lef1, and growth factors (bFGF, FGF7, IGF-1) was also enhanced. The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3β plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to β-catenin, possibly via the Gαs/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.
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Zeller, Eva, Katharina Mock, Moritz Horn, Sabine Colnot, Michael Schwarz, and Albert Braeuning. "Dual-specificity phosphatases are targets of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and candidate mediators of β-catenin/Ras signaling interactions." Biological Chemistry 393, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2012-0130.
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Abstract The Wnt/β-catenin and the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play important roles in cancer development. Both pathways have been studied discretely, but the mechanisms of possible crosstalk are still not fully understood. We have previously shown that β-catenin and MAPK signaling interfere with each other in murine liver in vivo and in vitro. Here, we show that dual specificity phosphatases (Dusps) 6 and 14, known to play an essential role in regulating MAPK pathway activity via feedback mechanisms, are up-regulated by activation of β-catenin in murine liver cells, whereas the epidermal growth factor receptor, an upstream effector in the Ras/MAPK cascade, is down-regulated by β-catenin. In addition, we identified a β-catenin-binding site within the Dusp6 promoter, which is responsible for the activation of the promoter by β-catenin signaling, and demonstrated reduced inducibility of MAPK signaling in cultured mouse hepatoma cells following β-catenin activation. Thus, β-catenin is able to inhibit activation of the Egfr/Ras/MAPK signaling cascade, both at the receptor level and by interfering with MAPK activity via Dusps.
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Rheinschmidt, Shelby, Trason Thode, Samuel Sampson, Alexis Weston, Tithi Ghosh Halder, Serina Ng, Ryan Rodriguez del Villar, et al. "Abstract 2567: Targeting TBL1/β-catenin complex using peptides designed to competitively inhibit aberrant Wnt signaling in cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2567.
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Abstract Purpose: Canonical Wnt signaling is a key cascade in regulating development and stemness, however it can become dysregulated and tightly associated with oncogenesis. In human cancers, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is highly activated due to mutations of members associated with the pathway such as adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin. Transducin β-like protein 1 (TBL1) and highly related TBLR1, form a complex with β-catenin facilitating the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus. The formation of this complex protects β-catenin from degradation by SIAH-1 ubiquitinase and aids β-catenin binding to TCF/LEF transcription factors to transcribe downstream Wnt target genes. We recently reported that the destruction of the TBL1/β-catenin complex using a small molecule results in ubiquitination of β-catenin and inhibition of downstream signaling. As an alternative approach, we designed a series of novel peptides to interfere with binding of β-catenin with TBL1. Methods: Homologous competitive ELISA and thermal shift assays were performed to identify potential peptides that were able to displace β-catenin from TBL1. Additionally, we evaluated the ability of the peptides to disrupt the TBL1/β-catenin complex by performing pull-down assays and monitored the levels of β-catenin ubiquitination in response to peptide treatment in colon cell lines. To assess the levels of TCF/LEF transcriptional activation downstream the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, we performed TOPFlash assays in Wnt-activated cells transfected with plasmids for peptide expression. Results: Our preliminary results identified a set of peptides that efficiently displaces β-catenin from TBL1. Homologous competitive ELISA showed that the peptides were able to displace β-catenin from TBL1 in a dose dependent manner. The top five peptide hits were then tested for their ability to inhibit Wnt signaling using the TOPFlash assay. Among these, one peptide in particular showed high efficiency in inhibiting TCF/LEF transcriptional activation downstream the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our study suggests that β-catenin therapeutic peptides may represent a new and exciting approach for Wnt driven cancer therapy. Citation Format: Shelby Rheinschmidt, Trason Thode, Samuel Sampson, Alexis Weston, Tithi Ghosh Halder, Serina Ng, Ryan Rodriguez del Villar, Mohan Kaadige, Anton Zernov, Marcelle Machluf, Raffaella Soldi, Sunil Sharma. Targeting TBL1/β-catenin complex using peptides designed to competitively inhibit aberrant Wnt signaling in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2567.
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Wang, Cong, Huiming Zhu, Zhaorui Sun, Zou Xiang, Yuanyuan Ge, Can Ni, Zhaowen Luo, Weiping Qian, and Xiaodong Han. "Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes epithelial differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and repairs bleomycin-induced lung injury." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 307, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): C234—C244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00366.2013.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disorder of unknown etiology. Previous studies have shown that aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade occurs in lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Given the important roles of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, we targeted this pathway for the intervention of pulmonary fibrosis with XAV939, a small molecule that specifically inhibits Tankyrase 1/2, eventually leading to the degradation of β-catenin and suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that XAV939 significantly inhibited the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and attenuated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice, and thus improved the survival of mice with lung injury. Interestingly, previous investigations have confirmed that endogenous and exogenous mesenchymal stem cells could be recruited to the injured lung, although the exact effects of these cells are debatable. To determine the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the epithelial differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), we established a coculture system that contains BM-MSCs and alveolar type II epithelial cells. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that XAV939 could promote the differentiation of BM-MSCs into an epithelium-like phenotype in the coculture system. We also found that XAV939 could inhibit the proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. This work supports that inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may be exploited for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis for which effective treatment strategies are still lacking.
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Chen, Kun, Pei Ying Ng, Ruiying Chen, Dorothy Hu, Shawn Berry, Roland Baron, and Francesca Gori. "Sfrp4 repression of the Ror2/Jnk cascade in osteoclasts protects cortical bone from excessive endosteal resorption." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 28 (June 25, 2019): 14138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900881116.
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Loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt inhibitor secreted frizzled receptor protein 4 (SFRP4) cause Pyle’s disease (OMIM 265900), a rare skeletal disorder characterized by wide metaphyses, significant thinning of cortical bone, and fragility fractures. In mice, we have shown that the cortical thinning seen in the absence ofSfrp4is associated with decreased periosteal and endosteal bone formation and increased endocortical resorption. While the increase in Rankl/Opg in cortical bone of mice lackingSfrp4suggests an osteoblast-dependent effect on endocortical osteoclast (OC) activity, whether Sfrp4 can cell-autonomously affect OCs is not known. We found thatSfrp4is expressed during bone marrow macrophage OC differentiation and that Sfrp4 significantly suppresses the ability of early and late OC precursors to respond to Rankl-induced OC differentiation.Sfrp4deletion in OCs resulted in activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and noncanonical Wnt/Ror2/Jnk signaling cascades. However, while inhibition of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling did not alter the effect ofSfrp4on OCgenesis, blocking the noncanonical Wnt/Ror2/Jnk cascade markedly suppressed its regulation of OC differentiation in vitro. Importantly, we report that deletion ofRor2exclusively in OCs (CtskCreRor2fl/fl) inSfrp4null mice significantly reversed the increased number of endosteal OCs seen in these mice and reduced their cortical thinning. Altogether, these data show autocrine and paracrine effects of Sfrp4 in regulating OCgenesis and demonstrate that the increase in endosteal OCs seen inSfrp4−/−mice is a consequence of noncanonical Wnt/Ror2/Jnk signaling activation in OCs overriding the negative effect that activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling has on OCgenesis.
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HAGEN, Thilo, Jaswinder K. SETHI, Neale FOXWELL, and Antonio VIDAL-PUIG. "Signalling activity of beta-catenin targeted to different subcellular compartments." Biochemical Journal 379, no. 2 (April 15, 2004): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031749.
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β-Catenin plays a dual role as an adhesion molecule in adherens junctions at the plasma membrane and as a key intermediate in the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. The cytosolic soluble pool of β-catenin, involved in the transmission of the Wnt signal, is normally subjected to rapid protein degradation. On activation of the Wnt cascade, β-catenin becomes stabilized and then translocates into the nucleus where it co-activates transcription factors of the TCF (T-cell factor)/LEF (lymphoid enhancer factor) family. The expression of plasma membrane-targeted forms of β-catenin has been shown to also activate TCF/LEF-dependent transcription and different mechanisms have been put forward. In the present study, we have undertaken a systematic analysis of the signalling capability of non-degradable forms of β-catenin targeted to different cellular compartments. β-Catenin targeted to the plasma membrane activated transcription to a greater extent compared with non-targeted β-catenin, and led to a marked stabilization of cytosolic soluble β-catenin. These effects were independent of the competition with endogenous β-catenin for binding to E-cadherin at the plasma membrane, since targeting non-degradable β-catenin to other cellular compartments, i.e. the outer mitochondrial membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, also resulted in the accumulation of cytosolic wild-type β-catenin and activation of β-catenin-dependent signalling. In contrast, nuclear-targeted β-catenin was without significant effect on cytosolic wild-type β-catenin and did not activate transcription. Our results suggest that cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin is a prerequisite for the activation of TCF/LEF-dependent transcription in the nucleus.
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Koni, Malvina, Veronica Pinnarò, and Maria Felice Brizzi. "The Wnt Signalling Pathway: A Tailored Target in Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20 (October 18, 2020): 7697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207697.
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Cancer is one of the greatest public health challenges. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 9.6 million cancer deaths have been reported in 2018. The most common cancers include lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, skin (non-melanoma) and stomach cancer. The unbalance of physiological signalling pathways due to the acquisition of mutations in tumour cells is considered the most common cancer driver. The Wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway is crucial for tissue development and homeostasis in all animal species and its dysregulation is one of the most relevant events linked to cancer development and dissemination. The canonical and the non-canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathways are known to control both physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Herein, the impact of the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in driving cancers from different origin has been examined. Finally, based on the impact of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) on tumour growth, invasion and chemoresistance, and their role as tumour diagnostic and prognostic tools, an overview of the current knowledge linking EVs to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also discussed.
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Jiao, Zixue, Hao Chai, Shendong Wang, Chunguang Sun, Qun Huang, and Wei Xu. "SOST gene suppression stimulates osteocyte Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent bone resorption and attenuates particle-induced osteolysis." Journal of Molecular Medicine 101, no. 5 (May 2023): 607–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109-023-02319-2.
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Abstract The most common cause for prosthetic revision surgery is wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis, which leads to aseptic loosening of the prosthesis. Both SOST gene and its synthetic protein, sclerostin, are hallmarks of osteocytes. According to our previous findings, blocking SOST induces bone formation and protects against bone loss and deformation caused by titanium (Ti) particles by activating the Wnt/β-catenin cascade. Although SOST has been shown to influence osteoblasts, its ability to control wear-particle-induced osteolysis via targeting osteoclasts remains unclear. Mice were subjected to development of a cranial osteolysis model. Micro CT, HE staining, and TRAP staining were performed to evaluate bone loss in the mouse model. Bone marrow-derived monocyte-macrophages (BMMs) made from the C57BL/6 mice were exposed to the medium of MLO-Y4 (co-cultured with Ti particles) to transform them into osteoclasts. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict and validate the interaction among SOST, Wnt/β-catenin, RANKL/OPG, TNF-α, and IL-6. Local bone density and bone volume improved after SOST inhibition, both the number of lysis pores and the rate of skull erosion decreased. Histological research showed that β-catenin and OPG expression were markedly increased after SOST inhibition, whereas TRAP and RANKL levels were markedly decreased. In-vitro, Ti particle treatment elevated the expression of sclerostin, suppressed the expression of β-catenin, and increased the RANKL/OPG ratio in the MLO-Y4 cell line. TNF-α and IL-6 also elevated after treatment with Ti particles. The expression levels of NFATc1, CTSK, and TRAP in osteoclasts were significantly increased, and the number of positive cells for TRAP staining was increased. Additionally, the volume of bone resorption increased at the same time. In contrast, when SOST expression was inhibited in the MLO-Y4 cell line, these effects produced by Ti particles were reversed. All the results strongly show that SOST inhibition triggered the osteocyte Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade and prevented wear particle-induced osteoclastogenesis, which might reduce periprosthetic osteolysis. Key messages SOST is a molecular regulator in maintaining bone homeostasis. SOST plays in regulating bone homeostasis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. SOST gene suppression stimulates osteocyte Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent bone resorption and attenuates particle-induced osteolysis.
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Caracci, Mario O., Miguel E. Ávila, and Giancarlo V. De Ferrari. "Synaptic Wnt/GSK3βSignaling Hub in Autism." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9603751.
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Hundreds of genes have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and the interaction of weak andde novovariants derive from distinct autistic phenotypes thus making up the “spectrum.” The convergence of these variants in networks of genes associated with synaptic function warrants the study of cell signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the synapse. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a central role in the development and regulation of the central nervous system and several genes belonging to the cascade have been genetically associated with ASDs. In the present paper, we review basic information regarding the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in excitatory/inhibitory balance (E/I balance) through the regulation of pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Furthermore, we integrate information supporting the role of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β) in the onset/development of ASDs through direct modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Finally, given GSK3βactivity as key modulator of synaptic plasticity, we explore the potential of this kinase as a therapeutic target for ASD.
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Shang, Zesen, Jiao Zhao, Qi Zhang, Cheng Cao, Shanshan Tian, Kai Zhang, Ling Liu, Lei Shi, Na Yu, and Shangda Yang. "USP9X-mediated deubiquitination of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 potentiates Wnt signaling and promotes breast carcinogenesis." Journal of Biological Chemistry 294, no. 25 (May 9, 2019): 9844–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.007655.
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Hyperactivation of the canonical Wnt-signaling pathway is a prominent feature of a number of human malignancies. Transcriptional activation of this signaling cascade depends on the formation of the β-catenin–B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9)–pygopus (PYGO) family plant homeodomain finger 1 complex, yet how the assembly of this complex is regulated remains to be investigated. Here, using MCF-7, HeLa, HEK293T, MDA–MB-231, and Sf9 cells, along with immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, nano-HPLC–MS/MS, deubiquitination, immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we report that BCL9 physically associates with a protein deubiquitinase, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked (USP9X), and that USP9X removes Lys-63–linked polyubiquitin on Lys-212 of BCL9. Importantly, the USP9X-mediated BCL9 deubiquitination facilitated the formation of the β-catenin–BCL9–PYGO complex, thereby potentiating the transcriptional activation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes. We also show that USP9X-mediated BCL9 deubiquitination promotes the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Together, these results uncover USP9X as a deubiquitinase of BCL9, implicating USP9X in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and breast carcinogenesis.
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Skokowa, Julia, Gunnar Cario, Lan Dan, Cornelia Zeidler, Vesna Bucan, and Karl Welte. "Proto-Oncogenes β- and γ-Catenin in Leukemogenesis in Severe Congenital Neutropenia (CN)." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.94.94.
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Abstract Severe congenital neutropenia (CN) is characterized by a “maturation arrest” of myeloid progenitors at the promyelocytic stage with few or no mature neutrophils in the bone marrow and blood. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) increases neutrophil numbers in most CN patients. Approximately 10–15 % of CN patients develop AML or MDS by mechanisms that are as yet unknown. Since AML/MDS are not observed in cyclic (CyN) or idiopathic neutropenia patients treated with G-CSF, an underlying defect of hematopoiesis rather than G-CSF therapy per se predisposes to malignant transformation in CN patients. Recently, activation of Wnt/β-catenin-/γ-catenin-signaling cascade has been considered as important mechanism in the pathogenesis of AML and CML by enhancement of self-renewal activity and by increase of leukemic potential of myeloid progenitors. Moreover, stabilization of β-catenin led to an increased formation of nuclear β-catenin-T-cell factor complexes and altered expression of Wnt-inducible target genes in a variety of human malignancies. In the present study we investigated the role of β-catenin/γ-catenin in leukemogenesis in CN patients. CD33+ progenitors from CN patients expressed 2.5 times higher levels of b-catenin and 4 times higher levels of γ-catenin mRNA and protein, as assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot analysis. Most important, in CN patients this increase was paralleled by dramatically elevated levels of activated nuclear β-catenin and intracellular γ-catenin proteins in CD33+ cells, as compared to G-CSF-treated healthy controls and CyN patients. Moreover, mRNA and protein levels of β- and γ-catenins were further increased in CD33+ cells and leukemic blasts from 4 CN patients, who developed AML. In line with high β-/γ-catenins levels, expression of target genes c-jun, fra-1 and PPARD was also up-regulated. There was no correlation between activated Wnt/β-/γ-catenin signaling system and mutations in G-CSF receptor, or ELA2 gene. To investigate the mechanisms of stabilization and increased nuclear translocation of b-catenin, we analyzed the components of b-catenin-degradation multiprotein complex, which contains of Axin, GSK3β, and APC. No differences in expression of Axin, GSK3β and APC as well as in phosphorylation status of GSK3β in CD33+ cells from CN patients and controls were observed. Sequence analysis revealed no mutations in β-catenin gene. Furthermore we analysed the expression of E-cadherin, which forms the transmembrane core of adherent junctions by bridging to β-catenin and therefore modulates its subcellular localization and nuclear translocation. E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression was dramatically downregulated in CD33+ myeloid progenitors from CN patients, in comparison to G-CSF treated healthy controls. Moreover, confocal microscopy revealed very low levels of co-localized E-cadherin and β-catenin in CD33+ cells from CN patients. Therefore, we hypothesize that loss of E-cadherin expression results in nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and activation of its downstream signaling in CN. Taken together, high expression of the proto-oncogenes β- and γ-catenins and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin could contribute to the malignant transformation of myelopoiesis in CN.
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Hseu, You-Cheng, Hsiao-Tung Tsou, K. J. Senthil Kumar, Kai-Yuan Lin, Hsueh-Wei Chang, and Hsin-Ling Yang. "The Antitumor Activity ofAntrodia camphoratain Melanoma Cells: Modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/197309.
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Antrodia camphorata(AC) is well known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a fermented culture broth of AC could inhibit melanoma proliferation and progressionviasuppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, we observed that AC treatment resulted in decreased cell viability and disturbed Wnt/β-catenin cascade in B16F10 and/or B16F1 melanoma cells. This result was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional targets, including c-Myc and survivin. Furthermore, treatment of melanoma cells with AC resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis, which was associated with DNA fragmentation, cytochrome c release, caspase-9 and -3 activation, PARP degradation, Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation, and p53 expression. We also observed that AC caused G1phase arrest mediated by a downregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4 and increased p21 and p27 expression. In addition, we demonstrated that non- and subcytotoxic concentrations of AC markedly inhibited migration and invasion of highly metastatic B16F10 cells. The antimetastatic effect of AC was further confirmed by reductions in the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF expression. These results suggest thatAntrodia camphoratamay exert antitumor activity by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
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Irrera, Natasha, Alessandra Bitto, Mario Vaccaro, Federica Mannino, Violetta Squadrito, Giovanni Pallio, Vincenzo Arcoraci, et al. "PDRN, a Bioactive Natural Compound, Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis through NF-κB Pathway Inhibition and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Modulation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041215.
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Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a central role in psoriasis and canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway blunts the immune-mediated inflammatory cascade in psoriasis. Adenosine A2A receptor activation blocks NF-κB and boosts the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. PDRN (Polydeoxyribonucleotide) is a biologic agonist of the A2A receptor and its effects were studied in an experimental model of psoriasis. Psoriasis-like lesions were induced by a daily application of imiquimod (IMQ) on the shaved back skin of mice for 7 days. Animals were randomly assigned to the following groups: Sham psoriasis challenged with Vaseline; IMQ animals challenged with imiquimod; and IMQ animals treated with PDRN (8 mg/kg/ip). An additional arm of IMQ animals was treated with PDRN plus istradefylline (KW6002; 25 mg/kg/ip) as an A2A antagonist. PDRN restored a normal skin architecture, whereas istradefylline abrogated PDRN positive effects, thus pointing out the mechanistic role of the A2A receptor. PDRN decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, prompted Wnt signaling, reduced IL-2 and increased IL-10. PDRN also reverted the LPS repressed Wnt-1/β-catenin in human keratinocytes and these effects were abolished by ZM241385, an A2A receptor antagonist. Finally, PDRN reduced CD3+ cells in superficial psoriatic dermis. PDRN anti-psoriasis potential may be linked to a “dual mode” of action: NF-κB inhibition and Wnt/β-catenin stimulation.
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Sun, Mengyu, Dongdong Zhou, Jingwan Wu, Jing Zhou, and Jing Xu. "Sdy-1 Executes Antitumor Activity in HepG2 and HeLa Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway." Marine Drugs 20, no. 2 (February 5, 2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20020125.
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Demethylincisterol A3 (Sdy-1), a highly degraded sterol that we previously isolated from Chinese mangrove Rhizophora mucronata endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. HQD-6, exhibits potent antitumor activity towards a variety of cancer cells. In this study, we further verified that Sdy-1 effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of human liver (HepG2) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells in vitro and it can induce cell apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in the G1-phase. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Sdy-1 executes its function via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Sdy-1 may not inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway through the cascade reaction from upstream to downstream, but directly acts on β-catenin to reduce its transcription level, thereby reducing the level of β-catenin protein and further reducing the expression of downstream related proteins. The possible interaction between Sdy-1 and β-catenin protein was further confirmed by molecular docking studies. In the nude mouse xenograft model, Sdy-1 can also significantly inhibit tumor growth. These results indicated that Sdy-1 is an efficient inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway and is a promising antitumor candidate for therapeutic applications.
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Chen, Shaoqiong, Denis C. Guttridge, Zongbing You, Zhaochen Zhang, Andrew Fribley, Marty W. Mayo, Jan Kitajewski, and Cun-Yu Wang. "WNT-1 Signaling Inhibits Apoptosis by Activating β-Catenin/T Cell Factor–Mediated Transcription." Journal of Cell Biology 152, no. 1 (January 8, 2001): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.152.1.87.
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Wnt signaling plays a critical role in development and oncogenesis. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the downstream signaling cascade of Wnt signaling, little is known regarding Wnt signaling modification of the cell death machinery. Given that numerous oncogenes transform cells by providing cell survival function, we hypothesized that Wnt signaling may inhibit apoptosis. Here, we report that cells expressing Wnt-1 were resistant to cancer therapy–mediated apoptosis. Wnt-1 signaling inhibited the cytochrome c release and the subsequent caspase-9 activation induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, including both vincristine and vinblastine. Furthermore, we found that Wnt-1–mediated cell survival was dependent on the activation of β-catenin/T cell factor (Tcf) transcription. Inhibition of β-catenin/Tcf transcription by expression of the dominant-negative mutant of Tcf-4 blocked Wnt-1–mediated cell survival and rendered cells sensitive to apoptotic stimuli. These results provide the first demonstration that Wnt-1 inhibits cancer therapy–mediated apoptosis and suggests that Wnt-1 may exhibit its oncogenic potential through a mechanism of anti-apoptosis.
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He, Lu, Hong Zhou, Zhiqing Zeng, Hailun Yao, Weiping Jiang, and Hongtao Qu. "Wnt/β‐catenin signaling cascade: A promising target for glioma therapy." Journal of Cellular Physiology 234, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 2217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27186.
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Sarkar, Sayantani, Chandan Mandal, Rajender Sangwan, and Chitra Mandal. "Coupling G2/M arrest to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway restrains pancreatic adenocarcinoma." Endocrine-Related Cancer 21, no. 1 (February 2014): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-13-0315.
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β-catenin plays a pivotal role in organogenesis and oncogenesis. Alterations in β-catenin expression are common in pancreatic cancer, which is an extremely aggressive malignancy with a notably poor prognosis. In this report, we analyzed the apoptotic activity of withanolide-D (witha-D), a steroidal lactone that was purified from an Indian medicinal plant,Withania somnifera, and its underlying mechanism of action. Witha-D induced apoptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells by prompting cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. This lactone abrogated β-catenin signaling in these cells regardless of disease grade, mutational status, and gemcitabine sensitivity. Witha-D also upregulated E-cadherin in most cells, thereby supporting the inversion of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, the Akt/Gsk3β kinase cascade was identified as a critical mediator of G2/M regulation and β-catenin signaling. Witha-D deactivated Akt, which failed to promote Gsk3β deactivation phosphorylation. Consequently, activated Gsk3β facilitated β-catenin destruction in pancreatic carcinoma cells. The knockdown of Chk1 and Chk2 further activated Akt and reversed the molecular signal. Taken together, the results of the current study represent the first evidence of β-catenin signal crosstalk during the G2/M phase by functionally inactivating Akt via witha-D treatment in pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, this finding suggests the potential identification of a new lead molecule in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Saydam, Okay, Yiping Shen, Thomas Würdinger, Ozlem Senol, Elvan Boke, Marianne F. James, Bakhos A. Tannous, et al. "Downregulated MicroRNA-200a in Meningiomas Promotes Tumor Growth by Reducing E-Cadherin and Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 21 (August 24, 2009): 5923–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00332-09.
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ABSTRACT Meningiomas, one of the most common human brain tumors, are derived from arachnoidal cells associated with brain meninges, are usually benign, and are frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 2. Here, we define a typical human meningioma microRNA (miRNA) profile and characterize the effects of one downregulated miRNA, miR-200a, on tumor growth. Elevated levels of miR-200a inhibited meningioma cell growth in culture and in a tumor model in vivo. Upregulation of miR-200a decreased the expression of transcription factors ZEB1 and SIP1, with consequent increased expression of E-cadherin, an adhesion protein associated with cell differentiation. Downregulation of miR-200a in meningiomas and arachnoidal cells resulted in increased expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 involved in cell proliferation. miR-200a was found to directly target β-catenin mRNA, thereby inhibiting its translation and blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is frequently involved in cancer. A direct correlation was found between the downregulation of miR-200a and the upregulation of β-catenin in human meningioma samples. Thus, miR-200a appears to act as a multifunctional tumor suppressor miRNA in meningiomas through effects on the E-cadherin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. This reveals a previously unrecognized signaling cascade involved in meningioma tumor development and highlights a novel molecular interaction between miR-200a and Wnt signaling, thereby providing insights into novel therapies for meningiomas.
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Chiarini, Francesca, Francesca Paganelli, Alberto M. Martelli, and Camilla Evangelisti. "The Role Played by Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031098.
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematologic neoplastic disorder that arises from the clonal expansion of transformed T-cell or B-cell precursors. Thanks to progress in chemotherapy protocols, ALL outcome has significantly improved. However, drug-resistance remains an unresolved issue in the treatment of ALL and toxic effects limit dose escalation of current chemotherapeutics. Therefore, the identification of novel targeted therapies to support conventional chemotherapy is required. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a conserved signaling axis involved in several physiological processes such as development, differentiation, and adult tissue homeostasis. As a result, deregulation of this cascade is closely related to initiation and progression of various types of cancers, including hematological malignancies. In particular, deregulation of this signaling network is involved in the transformation of healthy HSCs in leukemic stem cells (LSCs), as well as cancer cell multi-drug-resistance. This review highlights the recent findings on the role of Wnt/β-catenin in hematopoietic malignancies and provides information on the current status of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors with respect to their therapeutic potential in the treatment of ALL.
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Gradl, Dietmar, Michael Kühl, and Doris Wedlich. "The Wnt/Wg Signal Transducer β-Catenin Controls Fibronectin Expression." Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 5576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.8.5576.
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ABSTRACT β-Catenin stabilizes the cadherin cell adhesion complex but, as a component of the Wnt/Wg signaling pathway, also controls gene expression by forming a heterodimer with a transcription factor of the LEF-TCF family. We demonstrate that the substrate adhesion molecule fibronectin is a direct target of Wnt/Wg signaling. Nuclear depletion of β-catenin following cadherin transfection in Xenopusfibroblasts resulted in downregulation of fibronectin expression which was restored by activating the Wnt/Wg signaling cascade via LiCl treatment or transfection of either Xwnt-8 or β-catenin. We isolated the Xenopus fibronectin gene (FN) promoter and found four putative LEF-TCF binding sites. By comparing the activities of different fibronectin gene reporter constructs in fibroblasts and cadherin transfectants, the LEF-TCF site at position −368 was identified as a Wnt/Wg response element. LEF-1-related proteins were found in nuclei of the fibroblasts but were absent in a kidney epithelial cell line. Consistent with the lack of these transcription factors, the FN promoter was silent in the epithelial cells but was activated upon transfection of LEF-1. Wild-typeXenopus Tcf-3 (XTcf-3) was unable to activateFN promoter reporter constructs, while a mutant lacking the groucho binding region behaved like LEF-1. In contrast to XTcf-3, LEF-1 does not interact with groucho proteins, which turn TCFs into activators or repressors (J. Roose, M. Molenaar, J. Hurenkamp, J. Peterson, H. Brantjes, P. Moerer, M. van de Wetering, O. Destreé, and H. Clevers, Nature 395:608–612, 1998). Together these data provide evidence that expressing LEF-1 enables fibroblasts, in contrast to epithelial cells, to respond to the Wnt/Wg signal via β-catenin in stimulating fibronectin gene transcription. Our findings further promote the idea that due to its dual function, β-catenin regulates the balance between cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion.
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Pérez-Palma, Eduardo, Víctor Andrade, Mario O. Caracci, Bernabé I. Bustos, Camilo Villaman, Matías A. Medina, Miguel E. Ávila, Giorgia D. Ugarte, and Giancarlo V. De Ferrari. "Early Transcriptional Changes Induced by Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Hippocampal Neurons." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4672841.
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulates brain development and function and its deregulation underlies pathological changes occurring in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Since one of the main effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is the modulation of target genes, in the present work we examined global transcriptional changes induced by short-term Wnt3a treatment (4 h) in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. RNAseq experiments allowed the identification of 170 differentially expressed genes, including known Wnt/β-catenin target genes such as Notum, Axin2, and Lef1, as well as novel potential candidates Fam84a, Stk32a, and Itga9. Main biological processes enriched with differentially expressed genes included neural precursor (GO:0061364,p-adjusted = 2.5 × 10−7), forebrain development (GO:0030900,p-adjusted = 7.3 × 10−7), and stem cell differentiation (GO:0048863p-adjusted = 7.3 × 10−7). Likewise, following activation of the signaling cascade, the expression of a significant number of genes with transcription factor activity (GO:0043565,p-adjusted = 4.1 × 10−6) was induced. We also studied molecular networks enriched upon Wnt3a activation and detected three highly significant expression modules involved in glycerolipid metabolic process (GO:0046486,p-adjusted = 4.5 × 10−19), learning or memory (GO:0007611,p-adjusted = 4.0 × 10−5), and neurotransmitter secretion (GO:0007269,p-adjusted = 5.3 × 10−12). Our results indicate that Wnt/β-catenin mediated transcription controls multiple biological processes related to neuronal structure and activity that are affected in synaptic dysfunction disorders.
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Park, Sang-Seo, Chang-Ju Kim, Seong-Hyun Kim, Tae-Woon Kim, and Sam-Jun Lee. "Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic Mice." International Neurourology Journal 25, Suppl 2 (November 30, 2021): S63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.2142338.169.
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Purpose: Wnt pathway is closely related to neurodevelopmental process associated with cognitive function. After administration of valproic acid to the pregnant mice, the effect of swimming exercise of pregnant mice on the memory, neuronal production, and apoptosis of pups was studied in relation with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Methods: On day 12 of pregnancy, mice were injected subcutaneously with 400-mg/kg valproic acid. The pregnant mice in the control with swimming exercise group and in the valproic acid injection with swimming exercise group were allowed for swimming for 30 minutes one time per a day, repeated 5 days per a week, during 3 weeks. Step-through avoidance task and Morris water maze task for memory function, immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells and western blot for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Wnt, β-catenin, Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cleaved caspase-3 were carried out.Results: Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function, increased BDNF expression, and neuronal proliferation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy suppressed Wnt expression and phosphorylation of β-catenin in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise inhibited Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression and increased Bcl-2 expression in the valproic acid injected pups.Conclusions: Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade activation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy may have a protective effect on factors that induce autism in the fetus.
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Machado, Tanise Policarpo, Josiane Borges Stolfo, Márcio Machado Costa, Rubens Rodriguez, and Adriana Costa Da Motta. "Is there a relationship between the expression of β-catenin and Ki-67 in canine melanocytic neoplasms?" Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 61247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n9-058.
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An immunohistochemical evaluation of 26 cutaneous and oral benign and malignant canine melanocytic neoplasms was performed to identify a possible relationship between the expression of the β-catenin molecule with cell proliferation using Ki-67 expression. This molecule is a component of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, which causes a cascade of intracellular events that activate transduction genes and nuclear transcription. The microscopic evaluation was performed considering the β-catenin labelling site (cytoplasmic, nuclear or mixed). The mitotic index was evaluated by the expression of Ki-67 in 10 high power fields (HPF) (400x). Statistically significant difference was neither detected between the β-catenin labelling sites and the various neoplasms, nor a correlation between the β-catenin molecule and the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 in the oral or cutaneous, benign or malignant neoplasms. Our study brings interesting findings and points to future research on this topic, especially with established variables in the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical fields.
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Mudri, Dunja, Ines Bilić Ćurčić, Lucija Meštrović, Ivica Mihaljević, and Tomislav Kizivat. "Hyperthyroidism and Wnt Signaling Pathway: Influence on Bone Remodeling." Metabolites 13, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020241.
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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland, characterized by increased production of thyroid hormones, which can affect many different organ systems in the body. Among other problems, it can cause disorders of the skeletal system, shortening the bone remodeling cycle and causing a decrease in bone density. The Wnt cascade signaling pathway and the β-catenin, as a part of the canonical Wnt pathway, also play roles in maintaining bone mass. Inhibition of the Wnt pathway can cause bone loss, and its stimulation can increase it. The Wnt signaling pathway influences the effectiveness of thyroid hormones by affecting receptors for thyroid hormones and deiodinase, while thyroid hormones can change levels of β-catenin within the cell cytoplasm. This indicates that the Wnt pathway and thyroid hormone levels, including hyperthyroidism, are linked and may act together to change bone density. In this review article, we attempt to explain the interplay between thyroid hormones and the Wnt pathway on bone density, with a focus on directions for further research and treatment options.
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Lin, Yu-Chih, Alexander Haas, Anja Bufe, Sabnam Parbin, Magdalena Hennecke, Oksana Voloshanenko, Julia Gross, Michael Boutros, Sergio P. Acebron, and Holger Bastians. "Wnt10b-GSK3β–dependent Wnt/STOP signaling prevents aneuploidy in human somatic cells." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): e202000855. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000855.
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Wnt signaling is crucial for proper development, tissue homeostasis and cell cycle regulation. A key role of Wnt signaling is the GSK3β-mediated stabilization of β-catenin, which mediates many of the critical roles of Wnt signaling. In addition, it was recently revealed that Wnt signaling can also act independently of β-catenin. In fact, Wnt mediated stabilization of proteins (Wnt/STOP) that involves an LRP6-DVL–dependent signaling cascade is required for proper regulation of mitosis and for faithful chromosome segregation in human somatic cells. We show that inhibition of Wnt/LRP6 signaling causes whole chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy by triggering abnormally increased microtubule growth rates in mitotic spindles, and this is mediated by increased GSK3β activity. We demonstrate that proper mitosis and maintenance of numerical chromosome stability requires continuous basal autocrine Wnt signaling that involves secretion of Wnts. Importantly, we identified Wnt10b as a Wnt ligand required for the maintenance of normal mitotic microtubule dynamics and for proper chromosome segregation. Thus, a self-maintaining Wnt10b-GSK3β–driven cellular machinery ensures the proper execution of mitosis and karyotype stability in human somatic cells.
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Sileo, Pasquale, Clémence Simonin, Patricia Melnyk, Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin, and Philippe Cotelle. "Crosstalk between the Hippo Pathway and the Wnt Pathway in Huntington’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders." Cells 11, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 3631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11223631.
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The Hippo pathway consists of a cascade of kinases that controls the phosphorylation of the co-activators YAP/TAZ. When unphosphorylated, YAP and TAZ translocate into the nucleus, where they mainly bind to the TEAD transcription factor family and activate genes related to cell proliferation and survival. In this way, the inhibition of the Hippo pathway promotes cell survival, proliferation, and stemness fate. Another pathway can modulate these processes, namely the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that is indeed involved in cellular functions such as proliferation and cell survival, as well as apoptosis, growth, and cell renewal. Wnt signaling can act in a canonical or noncanonical way, depending on whether β-catenin is involved in the process. In this review, we will focus only on the canonical Wnt pathway. It has emerged that YAP/TAZ are components of the β-catenin destruction complex and that there is a close relationship between the Hippo pathway and the canonical Wnt pathway. Furthermore, recent data have shown that both of these pathways may play a role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Thus, this review analyzes the Hippo pathway and the Wnt pathway, their crosstalk, and their involvement in Huntington’s disease, as well as in other neurodegenerative disorders. Altogether, these data suggest possible therapeutic approaches targeting key players of these pathways.
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Kurimoto, S., J. Jung, M. Tapadia, J. Lengfeld, D. Agalliu, M. Waterman, T. Mozaffar, and R. Gupta. "Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade after traumatic nerve injury." Neuroscience 294 (May 2015): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.049.
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Cha, Nier, Wei Liu, Na Yang, Shengzhi Xie, Yanwei Gao, Xia Chen, Xiaoli Wang, and Jun Ren. "Oncogenicity of LHX4 in colorectal cancer through Wnt/β-catenin/TCF4 cascade." Tumor Biology 35, no. 10 (July 19, 2014): 10319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2210-8.
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Selvaggi, Federico, Teresa Catalano, Roberto Cotellese, and Gitana Maria Aceto. "Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathways in Primary Liver Tumours: From Microenvironment Signaling to Therapeutic Agents." Cancers 14, no. 8 (April 10, 2022): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14081912.
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Primary liver cancers (PLCs) are steadily increasing in incidence and mortality in the world. They have a poor prognosis due to their silent nature, late discovery and resistance to common chemotherapy. At present, there are limited treatment alternatives, and the understanding of PLC molecular aspects is essential to develop more efficient drugs and therapeutic surgical and loco-regional strategies. A clear causal link with liver damage, inflammation, and regeneration has been found in the occurrence of PLC over the last few decades. Physiologically, Wingless/It (Wnt)-β-catenin signaling plays a key role in liver development, metabolic zonation and regeneration. Loss of functional homeostasis of this pathway appears to be a major driver of carcinogenesis in the liver parenchyma. In the hepatic microenvironment, molecular deregulations that exceed the Wnt signaling biological capacity can induce tumor initiation and progression. Indeed, somatic mutations are identified in key components of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling and in PLCs and precancerous lesions. In this review, the altered functions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are considered in human PLCs, with emphasis on hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), cholangiocarcinomas (CCA) and hepatoblastomas (HB). Based on recent literature, we also focused on liver cancerogenesis through Wnt deregulation. An overview of preclinical and clinical studies on approved and experimental drugs, targeting the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in PLCs, is proposed. In addition, the clinical implication of molecule inhibitors that have been shown to possess activity against the Wnt pathway in association with conventional surgical and loco-regional therapies are reviewed.
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Weng, Junquan, Hui Zhang, Cheng Wang, Jianfeng Liang, Guanhui Chen, Wenqing Li, Haikuo Tang, and Jinsong Hou. "miR-373-3p Targets DKK1 to Promote EMT-Induced Metastasis via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6010926.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and at the same time mediate tumorigenesis. miR-373-3p has diverse effects in tumors, but its role in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the function of miR-373-3p in the progression of TSCC. Our results brought to light that miR-373-3p is markedly upregulated in clinical TSCC tissues compared with paired adjacent normal tissues and has significant correlation with a more aggressive TSCC phenotype in patients. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies revealed that ectopic miR-373-3p overexpression promoted the metastasis of TSCC cells. Notably, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was hyperactivated in TSCC cells overexpressing miR-373-3p, and this pathway was responsible for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by miR-373-3p. Furthermore, miR-373-3p directly targeted and suppressed Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. These results demonstrate that, by directly targeting DKK1, miR-373-3p constitutively activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thus promoting the EMT-induced metastasis of TSCC. Taken together, our findings reveal a new regulatory mechanism for miR-373-3p and suggest that miR-373-3p might be a potential target in TSCC therapy.
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Crino, Peter B. "Molecular Pathogenesis of Focal Cortical Dysplasia and Hemimegalencephaly." Journal of Child Neurology 19, no. 3 (March 2004): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08830738040190031101.
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My laboratory recently demonstrated that there is selective expression of phosphoribosomal S6 protein in balloon cells in focal cortical dysplasia and hemimegalencephaly but no expression of the upstream kinase, phospho-p70S6 kinase. Two proteins activated by phospho-p70S6 kinase, phospho-STAT3 and phospho-4EBP1, were not detected in balloon cells. Using complementary DNA arrays in hemimegalencephaly specimens, we found increased expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc messenger ribonucleic acids (RNAs). Expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc genes is transcriptionally activated by βcatenin. Western analysis demonstrated increased levels of nonphosphorylated β-catenin in hemimegalencephalic cortex. Reduced levels of Ser33, Ser37, and Thr41 phospho-β-catenin, sites known to be phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and to be essential for β-catenin inactivation, were detected in hemimegalencephaly. Enhanced transcription of cyclin D1 and c-myc messenger RNAs, increased transcriptionally active β-catenin, and decreased Ser33/Ser37/Thr41 phospho-β-catenin suggest activation of the Wnt-1/β-catenin cascade in hemimegalencephaly, which can lead to aberrant cell proliferation and hemispheric enlargement during brain development. Enhanced activation of phospho-S6 and β-catenin suggests two converging cell pathways that can be pivotal in the pathogenesis of focal cortical dysplasia and hemimegalencephaly. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:330—336).
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Zeng, Sha, Li Chen, Qiang Sun, Hui Zhao, Han Yang, Shan Ren, Maolun Liu, Xianli Meng, and Haibo Xu. "Scutellarin ameliorates colitis-associated colorectal cancer by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade." European Journal of Pharmacology 906 (September 2021): 174253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174253.
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Hernandez Gifford, J. A. "The role of WNT signaling in adult ovarian folliculogenesis." REPRODUCTION 150, no. 4 (October 2015): R137—R148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0685.
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Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (WNT) signaling molecules are locally secreted glycoproteins that play important role in regulation of ovarian follicle maturation and steroid production. Components of the WNT signaling pathway have been demonstrated to impact reproductive functions, including embryonic development of the sex organs and regulation of follicle maturation controlling steroidogenesis in the postnatal ovary. Emerging evidence underscores the complexity of WNT signaling molecules in regulation of dynamic changes that occur in the ovary during the reproductive cycle. While disruption in the WNT signaling cascade has been recognized to have deleterious consequences to normal sexual development, more recent studies are beginning to highlight the importance of these molecules in adult ovarian function related to follicle development, corpus luteum formation, steroid production and fertility. Hormonal regulation of WNT genes and expression of members of the WNT signaling network, including WNT ligands, frizzled receptors, and downstream signaling components that are expressed in the postnatal ovary at distinct stages of the estrous cycle suggest a crucial role in normal ovarian function. Similarly, FSH stimulation of T-cell factor-dependent gene expression requires input from β-catenin, a lynchpin molecule in canonical WNT signaling, further indicating β-catenin participation in regulation of follicle maturation. This review will focus on the multiple functions of WNT signaling in folliculogenesis in the adult ovary.
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Sun, Lingna, Yuping Cui, Kongdi Jiang, and Juan Li. "Down-regulation of long non-coding RNA antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus suppresses OVCAR-3 cells proliferation and induction of apoptosis by Wnt/β-catenin." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 73, no. 9 (March 27, 2021): 1212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpp/rgab042.
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Abstract Objectives Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological malignancy. Long non-coding RNA antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (lncRNA ANRIL) was reported to have a critical role in cancer advancement. The ANRIL-mediated oncogenic underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood in ovarian cancer. We aimed to study ANRIL silencing effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of OVCAR-3 cells. Methods The ANRIL was Knockdown by transfection of OVCAR-3 cells with si-RNA against ANRIL. MTT assay and cell death ELISA kit were used to evaluate cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The expression levels of ANRIL, pro-and anti-apoptotic genes were assessed using q-RT-PCR. Western blotting was used to assess Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Key findings ANRIL down-regulating in OVCAR-3 cell lines resulted in significant inhibition of cellular proliferation, apoptosis induction, as well as suppression of cellular invasion. Besides, knockdown of ANRIL led to pro-apoptotic genes up-regulation, Bad and Bax and anti-apoptotic genes down-regulation, Bid and Bcl-2. More importantly, we observed that ANRIL inhibition suppressed the vital components expression of the Wnt/β-catenin cascade. Conclusion Our findings showed that down-regulation of lncRNA ANRIL resulted in the effective suppression of OVCAR-3 cell proliferation and invasion and induction of apoptosis by preventing Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction.