Journal articles: 'WMNs'

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Kandeeban, Selvakani, and N. Suresh Kumar. "Investigational Security Structural Design Using Client and Server Ambitious Protocols for WMN." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v4i1.pp13-22.

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<p>Wireless mesh network plays an vital role in our day to day life, Networks are mainly used to deliver voice, video and data but using WMN’s we can communicate in outdoor environments without wired. A wireless mesh can deliver network capacity, reliability and security along with the flexibility. Nowadays the WMN’s are used by municipalities, public safety agencies, port authorities, and industrial organizations to connect to their workers and constituents. However, many technical issues still exist in this field. In order to provide a better understanding of the research challenges of WMNs, In this paper we propose MobiSEC, a complete security architecture protocols and algorithms for WMNs that provides both access control for mesh users and routers as well as a key distribution schemes that supports layer-2 encryption to ensure security and data confidentiality of all communications that occur in the WMN.</p>

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Vetrichelvi, G., and G. Mohan Kumar. "Implementation of ARS-STR in STR for Effective Energy Transmission." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 5, 2013): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2013.2.1.1854.

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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for next generation wireless networking. Because of their advantages over other wireless networks, WMNs are undergoing rapid progress and inspiring numerous applications. In multi-hop wireless mesh networks (WMNs) experience frequent link failures caused by channel interference, dynamic obstacles and/or applications bandwidth demands. These failures cause severe performance degradation in WMNs or require expensive, manual network management for their real-time recovery. This paper presents an Autonomous network Reconfiguration System (ARS-STR) that enables a multi-radio WMN to autonomously recover from local link failures to preserve network performance. ARS-STR also improves channel efficiency.

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Pulyala, Ranjith. "Localized Network Reconfiguration Plan for Wireless Mesh Networks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 779–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41305.

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Abstract: Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for next-generation wireless networking. Because of their advantages over other wireless networks, WMNs are undergoing rapid progress and inspiring numerous applications. In multi-hop wireless mesh networks (WMNs) experience frequent link failures caused by channel interference, dynamic obstacles and/or applications’ bandwidth demands. These failures cause severe performance degradation in WMNs or require expensive, manual network management for their real-time recovery. This paper presents an Autonomous network Reconfiguration System (ARS) that enables a multi-radio WMN to autonomously recover from local link failures to preserve network performance. ARS also improves channel efficiency by more than 90% over the other recovery methods. During their lifetime, multi-hop wireless mesh networks (WMNs) experience frequent link failures caused by channel interference, dynamic obstacles, and/or applications’ bandwidth demands. These failures cause severe performance degradation in WMNs or require expensive manual network management for their real-time recovery. By using channel and radio diversities in WMNs, ARS generates necessary changes in local radio and channel assignments in order to recover from failures. Next, based on the thus-generated configuration changes, the system cooperatively reconfigures network settings among local mesh routers. ARS has been evaluated extensively through ns2-based simulation. Our evaluation results show that ARS outperforms existing failure-recovery schemes in improving channel-efficiency by more than 90% and in the ability of meeting the applications’ bandwidth demands by an average of 200%. Keywords: WMN, ARS, AODV, WCETT, ETT, RSVP, DSDV, ETX, ETOPE, BLC

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Sakamoto, Shinji, Algenti Lala, Tetsuya Oda, Vladi Kolici, Leonard Barolli, and Fatos Xhafa. "Application of WMN-SA Simulation System for Node Placement in Wireless Mesh Networks." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 6, no. 2 (April 2014): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmcmc.2014040102.

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One of the key advantages of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) is their importance for providing cost-efficient broadband connectivity. In WMNs, there are issues for achieving the network connectivity and user coverage, which are related with the node placement problem. In this work, the authors consider the router node placement problem in WMNs. The objective is to find the optimal distribution of router nodes in order to provide the best network connectivity (the maximal number of connected routers) and coverage (maximal number of covered clients). The authors apply their proposed WMN-SA simulation system in a realistic scenario of the distribution of mesh clients considering Itoshima City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. From simulation results, they found many insights that can be very important for real deployment of WMNs.

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Siraj, Mohammad, and Zeeshan Abbasi. "Impact Of Load Balancing Interference Routing Metric On Multi Channel Multi Radio Wireless Mesh Network." ITM Web of Conferences 42 (2022): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224201002.

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Wireless Mesh Network (WMNs) is a promising technology that has been accepted favorably by the Internet Service Providers (ISPs). ISPs use it to provide last mile broadband Internet connectivity to the end users. This popularity arises from the fact, that it inter operates well with diverse wireless systems and provides robust fault tolerance with a high degree of redundancy and reliability. Routing metrics plays a crucial part in the performance of WMN. When routing protocols are implemented, the routing metric is assigned to different paths. It calculates the optimum path to predict the best routing path. These are integrated in routing protocols to improve WMNs efficiency in terms of reliability, latency, throughput, error rate and cost. This paper compares the impact of using load balancing interference aware routing metric (LBIARM) on the performance of Multi-Channel Multi Radio WMNs (MCMR WMNs). The performance of LBIARM was evaluated by comparing it with popular standard metrics weighted cumulative expected transmission time metric and Hop Count metric. OPNET Modeler 17.5 PL1 was used as a simulation tool for implementation. Simulation results show the effectiveness of using LBIARM metric on MCMR WMNs.

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Supraja, Dr P., Anas A. Salameh, Dr Varadaraju H R, Dr M. Anand, and Unggul Priyadi. "An Optimal Routing Protocol Using a Multiverse Optimizer Algorithm for Wireless Mesh Network." International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) 14, no. 3 (December 23, 2022): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijcnis.v14i3.5569.

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Wireless networks, particularly Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), are undergoing a significant change as a result of wireless technology advancements and the Internet's rapid expansion. Mesh routers, which have limited mobility and serve as the foundation of WMN, are made up of mesh clients and form the core of WMNs. Mesh clients can with mesh routers to create a client mesh network. Mesh clients can be either stationary or mobile. To properly utilise the network resources of WMNs, a topology must be designed that provides the best client coverage and network connectivity. Finding the ideal answer to the WMN mesh router placement dilemma will resolve this issue MRP-WMN. Since the MRP-WMN is known to be NP-hard, approximation methods are frequently used to solve it. This is another reason we are carrying out this task. Using the Multi-Verse Optimizer algorithm, we provide a quick technique for resolving the MRP-WMN (MVO). It is also proposed to create a new objective function for the MRP-WMN that accounts for the connected client ratio and connected router ratio, two crucial performance indicators. The connected client ratio rises by an average of 16.1%, 12.5%, and 6.9% according to experiment data, when the MVO method is employed to solve the MRP-WMN problem, the path loss falls by 1.3, 0.9, and 0.6 dB when compared to the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), correspondingly.

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Barolli, Admir, and Shinji Sakamoto. "A web interface for WMN-PSODGA hybrid intelligent simulation system: performance evaluation for different mesh client distributions." International Journal of Web Information Systems 18, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-11-2021-0120.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to implement a web interface for a hybrid intelligent system. By using the implemented web interface, one can find optimal assignments of mesh routers in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). This study evaluates the implemented system considering three distributions of mesh clients to solve the node placement problem in WMNs. Design/methodology/approach The node placement problem in WMNs is well known to be a computationally hard problem. Therefore, intelligent algorithms are used for solving this problem. The implemented system is a hybrid intelligent system based on meta-heuristics algorithms: particle swarm optimization (PSO) and distributed genetic algorithm (DGA). The proposed system is called WMN-PSODGA. Findings This study carried out simulations using the implemented simulation system. From the simulations results, it was found that the WMN-PSODGA system performs better for chi-square distribution of mesh clients compared with Weibull and exponential distributions. Research limitations/implications For simulations, three different distributions of mesh clients were considered. In the future, other mesh client distributions, number of mesh nodes and communication distance need to be considered. Originality/value This research work, different from other research works, implemented a hybrid intelligent simulation system for WMNs. This study also implemented a web interface for the proposed system, which make the simulation system user-friendly.

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Sandhu, Preet Pavneet Kaur, and Prof Jatinder Singh Saini. "QoS in Wireless Mesh Networks- A Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 6 (June 30, 2014): 4543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v13i6.2516.

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This paper is a review on QoS issue of Wireless mesh networks. QoS comes up with a great collection of networking technologies and procedures that guarantees the capability of a network to deliver with predictable consequences. WMNs have emerged as a flexible, reliable and cost effective way of providing broadband internet access over wide areas through multi hop communication. This paper has reviewed different routing protocols usedÂ in the WMNs. The overall objective of this paper is to explore the various short comings of the routing protocols of WMN.

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Binh, Le Huu, and Tung Khac Truong. "An Efficient Method for Solving Router Placement Problem in Wireless Mesh Networks Using Multi-Verse Optimizer Algorithm." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 23, 2022): 5494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155494.

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are increasingly being used in a variety of applications. To fully utilize the network resources of WMNs, it is critical to design a topology that provides the best client coverage and network connectivity. This issue is solved by determining the best solution for the mesh router placement problem in WMN (MRP-WMN). Because the MRP-WMN is known to be NP-hard, it is typically solved using approximation algorithms. This is also why we are conducting this work. We present an efficient method for solving the MRP-WMN using the Multi-Verse Optimizer algorithm (MVO). A new objective function for the MRP-WMN is also proposed, which takes into account two important performance metrics, connected client ratio and connected router ratio. Experiment results show that when the MVO algorithm is applied to the MRP-WMN problem, the connected client ratio increases by 15.1%, 11.5%, and 5.9% on average, and the path loss reduces by 1.3, 0.9, and 0.6 dB when compared to the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), respectively.

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Alsaadi, Mohsen S., and Naif D. Alotaibi. "Routing Protocols Design and Performance Evaluation in Wireless Mesh Networks." International Journal of Technology Diffusion 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2019010104.

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The wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have become one of the popular technologies of the wireless network utilization. WMN provides reliable and scalable wireless network because of its features such as dynamic self-organizing, self-configuring, Self-managing and self-healing. Routing protocols play an essential role in finding and establishing an active route from a source to a destination in WMNs. This article focuses on the performance evaluation and comparison of some routing protocols commonly used in WMNs for VoIP application: AODV, DSR, OLSR and TORA has been investigated over client Wireless Mesh Networks based on OPNET simulation in a different network sizes and mobility. This article presents a background of some designs and solutions based on an elaborated simulation investigation. The performance comparisons are carried out with regard to the node variation in network sizing and mobility. Based on the empirical outputs, the authors suggested that to utilize a specific routing protocol in certain situations.

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Alsaadi, Mohsen S., and Naif D. Alotaibi. "Routing Protocols Design and Performance Evaluation in Wireless Mesh Networks." International Journal of Technology Diffusion 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2019010105.

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The wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have become one of the popular technologies of the wireless network utilization. WMN provides reliable and scalable wireless network because of its features such as dynamic self-organizing, self-configuring, Self-managing and self-healing. Routing protocols play an essential role in finding and establishing an active route from a source to a destination in WMNs. This article focuses on the performance evaluation and comparison of some routing protocols commonly used in WMNs for VoIP application: AODV, DSR, OLSR and TORA has been investigated over client Wireless Mesh Networks based on OPNET simulation in a different network sizes and mobility. This article presents a background of some designs and solutions based on an elaborated simulation investigation. The performance comparisons are carried out with regard to the node variation in network sizing and mobility. Based on the empirical outputs, the authors suggested that to utilize a specific routing protocol in certain situations.

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Li, Liang, Xiongwen Zhao, Suiyan Geng, Yu Zhang, and Lei Zhang. "Robust Beamforming Design for SWIPT-Based Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Network with Cooperative Jamming." Information 11, no. 3 (February 29, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11030138.

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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) can provide flexible wireless connections in a smart city, internet of things (IoT), and device-to-device (D2D) communications. The performance of WMNs can be greatly enhanced by adopting a multi-radio technique, which enables a node to communicate with more nodes simultaneously. However, multi-radio WMNs face two main challenges, namely, energy consumption and physical layer secrecy. In this paper, both simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and cooperative jamming technologies were adopted to overcome these two problems. We designed the SWIPT and cooperative jamming scheme, minimizing the total transmission power by properly selecting beamforming vectors of the WMN nodes and jammer to satisfy the individual signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and energy harvesting (EH) constrains. Especially, we considered the channel estimate error caused by the imperfect channel state information. The SINR of eavesdropper (Eve) was suppressed to protect the secrecy of WMN nodes. Due to the fractional form, the problem was proved to be non-convex. We developed a tractable algorithm by transforming it into a convex one, utilizing semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation and S-procedure methods. The simulation results validated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared with the non-robust design.

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Alanazi, Shaker, Kashif Saleem, Jalal Al-Muhtadi, and Abdelouahid Derhab. "Analysis of Denial of Service Impact on Data Routing in Mobile eHealth Wireless Mesh Network." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4853924.

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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are a promising technology that has emerged with the combination of several wireless networks. These wireless networks and devices communicate in a mesh network manner, to provide edge-to-edge, easy, and cost-effective data communication. Many current and future promising applications depend on WMN and one of the most important applications is eHealthcare, where the confidential information transfers with the help of WMN. WMN devices communicate over a wireless medium, which opens the system to a number of vulnerabilities; thus, an intruder can launch malicious activities through many types of attacks that can result in denial of service (DoS). In this paper, the available solutions to overcome these attacks are simulated and evaluated in terms of data packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and network throughput and under different cases of static and mobile WMNs, which helps in providing suggestions to enhance existing protocols and mitigate the effect of DoS caused by such attacks.

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Kojic, Nenad, Marija Zajeganovic-Ivancic, Irini Reljin, and Branimir Reljin. "New algorithm for packet routing in mobile ad-hoc networks." Journal of Automatic Control 20, no. 1 (2010): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jac1001009k.

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Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) are one of wireless networks implementation. MANET is very popular technology initially based on military purposes. Specific modifications of MANET created a possibility to implement several new wireless networks. One of them is a wireless mesh network (WMN). Over the last ten years, WMNs have gained more and more attention and are now considered as a convincing solution for providing better Internet access services for end users. WMN is an emerging technology that offers a cost-effective and scalable method to connect wireless devices. The main problem in WMNs is a routing protocol, especially because it has to enable the access to network for both mesh and conventional clients. Most of the existing ad hoc routing protocols use minimum hop-count as a metric for identifying the best packet routes. This paper presents neural network based approach to routing protocol for WMN. Neural networks are capable to analyze very complex network environments and solve routing problems on optimal (or almost optimal) way.

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Kalafatidis, Sarantis, Sotiris Skaperas, Vassilis Demiroglou, Lefteris Mamatas, and Vassilis Tsaoussidis. "Logically-Centralized SDN-Based NDN Strategies for Wireless Mesh Smart-City Networks." Future Internet 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15010019.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a key technology for smart community networks, such as smart-city environments, and its evolution calls for stringent performance requirements (e.g., low delay) to support efficient communication among a wide range of objects, including people, sensors, vehicles, etc. At the same time, these ecosystems usually adopt wireless mesh technology to extend their communication range in large-scale IoT deployments. However, due to the high range of coverage, the smart-city WMNs may face different network challenges according to the network characteristic, for example, (i) areas that include a significant number of wireless nodes or (ii) areas with frequent dynamic changes such as link failures due to unstable topologies. Named-Data Networking (NDN) can enhance WMNs to meet such IoT requirements, thanks to the content naming scheme and in-network caching, but it necessitates adaptability to the challenging conditions of WMNs. In this work, we aim at efficient end-to-end NDN communication in terms of performance (i.e., delay), performing extended experimentation over a real WMN, evaluating and discussing the benefits provided by two SDN-based NDN strategies: (1) a dynamic SDN-based solution that integrates the NDN operation with the routing decisions of a WMN routing protocol; (2) a static one which based on SDN-based clustering and real WMN performance measurements. Our key contributions include (i) the implementation of two types of NDN path selection strategies; (ii) experimentation and data collection over the w-iLab.t Fed4FIRE+ testbed with real WMN conditions; (ii) real measurements released as open-data, related to the performance of the wireless links in terms of RSSI, delay, and packet loss among the wireless nodes of the corresponding testbed.

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Hassan, Walaa, and Tamer Farag. "Adaptive Allocation Algorithm for Multi-Radio Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Networks." Future Internet 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12080127.

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The wireless mesh network (WMN) has proven to be a great choice for network communication technology. WMNs are composed of access points (APs) that are installed and communicate with each other through multi-hop wireless networks. One or more of these APs acts as a gateway (GW) to the internet. Hosts of WMNs are stationary or mobile. According to the structure of WMNs, some network features may be affected, such as the overall performance, channel interference, and AP connectivity. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive channel allocation algorithm for a multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh network. The algorithm is aimed to minimize the number of channel reassignments while maximizing the performance under practical constraints. The algorithm defines a decision function for the channel reassignments. The decision function aims to minimize the traffic around the GW. Whenever the traffic changes in the wireless mesh network, the decision function decides which channel radio reassignment should be done. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our algorithm through extensive simulations using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2).

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Barolli, Admir, Kevin Bylykbashi, Ermioni Qafzezi, Shinji Sakamoto, Leonard Barolli, and Makoto Takizawa. "A comparison study of chi-square and uniform distributions of mesh clients for different router replacement methods using WMN-PSODGA hybrid intelligent simulation system." Journal of High Speed Networks 27, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jhs-210670.

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are gaining a lot of attention from researchers due to their advantages such as easy maintenance, low upfront cost and high robustness. Connectivity and stability directly affect the performance of WMNs. However, WMNs have some problems such as node placement problem, hidden terminal problem and so on. In our previous work, we implemented a simulation system to solve the node placement problem in WMNs considering Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Distributed Genetic Algorithm (DGA), called WMN-PSODGA. In this paper, we compare chi-square and uniform distributions of mesh clients for different router replacement methods. The router replacement methods considered are Constriction Method (CM), Random Inertia Weight Method (RIWM), Linearly Decreasing Inertia Weight Method (LDIWM), Linearly Decreasing Vmax Method (LDVM) and Rational Decrement of Vmax Method (RDVM). The simulation results show that for chi-square distribution the mesh routers cover all mesh clients for all router replacement methods. In terms of load balancing, the method that achieves the best performance is RDVM. When using the uniform distribution, the mesh routers do not cover all mesh clients, but this distribution shows good load balancing for four router replacement methods, with RIWM showing the best performance. The only method that shows poor performance for this distribution is LDIWM. However, since not all mesh clients are covered when using uniform distribution, the best scenario is chi-square distribution of mesh clients with RDVM as a router replacement method.

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Sakamoto, Shinji, Admir Barolli, Leonard Barolli, and Shusuke Okamoto. "Implementation of a Web interface for hybrid intelligent systems." International Journal of Web Information Systems 15, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-10-2018-0071.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to implement a Web interface for hybrid intelligent systems. Using the implemented Web interface, this paper evaluates two hybrid intelligent systems based on particle swarm optimization, hill climbing and distributed genetic algorithm to solve the node placement problem in wireless mesh networks (WMNs).Design/methodology/approachThe node placement problem in WMNs is well-known to be a computationally hard problem. Therefore, the authors use intelligent algorithms to solve this problem. The implemented systems are intelligent systems based on meta-heuristics algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Hill Climbing (HC) and Distributed Genetic Algorithm (DGA). The authors implement two hybrid intelligent systems: WMN-PSODGA and WMN-PSOHC-DGA.FindingsThe authors carried out simulations using the implemented Web interface. From the simulations results, it was found that the WMN-PSOHC-DGA system has a better performance compared with the WMN-PSODGA system.Research limitations/implicationsFor simulations, the authors considered Normal distribution of mesh clients. In the future, the authors need to consider different client distributions, patterns, number of mesh nodes and communication distance.Originality/valueIn this research work, the authors implemented a Web interface for hybrid intelligent systems. The implemented interface can be extended for other metaheuristic algorithms.

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Kumata, Yuki, Shuji Shoji, and Akio Koyama. "Design and Implementation of a Visualization System for Wireless Mesh Networks." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 6, no. 3 (July 2015): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2015070102.

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) consist of several Access Points (APs) of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) interconnected through wireless links. It is necessary to monitor the networks in order to properly operate WMNs. However, it is very difficult to always monitor WMNs. Although several researches for visualization system of WMNs were done, there are some problems such as lack of dynamic information and past information. Our previous system also had problems such as lack of visualization information and inefficient information collection method. In this paper, we propose an extended visualization system for WMNs called Mesh Net Viewer II (MNVII). MNVII can visualize not only network topology and link stability degree but also packet flow, route information and past information of WMNs. Furthermore, we have improved visualization information collection method of our previous system. In the performance evaluation, we verified visualization accuracy and real time characteristics of MNVII.

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Li, Ran, Zi Yi Lu, Xiao Bo Wang, and Bao Qiang Kan. "Cloud Computing: A Novel Approach for Improving Service Capability of Wireless Mesh Networks." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 1142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.1142.

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With the number of applications increased in wireless mesh networks (WMNs), insufficient service capability is becoming a main obstacle. Meanwhile, cloud computing is an effective approach for organizing computing resource which can improve service capability remarkably. In this paper, framework of WMNs with cloud computing is proposed. Service capability of WMNs with cloud computing is judged and scored from 6 dimensions to make a composite comparison, which is shown cloud computing will be a promising approach for improving service capability in WMNs.

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Sharma, Sharad, Shakti Kumar, and Brahmjit Singh. "AntMeshNet." International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 20–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamc.2014010102.

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are emerging as evolutionary self organizing networks to provide connectivity to end users. Efficient Routing in WMNs is a highly challenging problem due to existence of stochastically changing network environments. Routing strategies must be dynamically adaptive and evolve in a decentralized, self organizing and fault tolerant way to meet the needs of this changing environment inherent in WMNs. Conventional routing paradigms establishing exact shortest path between a source-terminal node pair perform poorly under the constraints imposed by dynamic network conditions. In this paper, the authors propose an optimal routing approach inspired by the foraging behavior of ants to maximize the network performance while optimizing the network resource utilization. The proposed AntMeshNet algorithm is based upon Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm; exploiting the foraging behavior of simple biological ants. The paper proposes an Integrated Link Cost (ILC) measure used as link distance between two adjacent nodes. ILC takes into account throughput, delay, jitter of the link and residual energy of the node. Since the relationship between input and output parameters is highly non-linear, fuzzy logic was used to evaluate ILC based upon four inputs. This fuzzy system consists of 81 rules. Routing tables are continuously updated after a predefined interval or after a change in network architecture is detected. This takes care of dynamic environment of WMNs. A large number of trials were conducted for each model. The results have been compared with Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) algorithm. The results are found to be far superior to those obtained by AODV algorithm for the same WMN.

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Peng, Yu Huai, Yin Peng Yu, Cun Qian Yu, Qing Yang Song, and Fei Wang. "Performance Comparison of Survival Routing Mechanisms in Wireless Mesh Networks." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.623.

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This paper addresses the fault-tolerant mechanisms in Wireless mesh networks (WMNs), and designs a C++ based simulation platform to measure the performance of different fault-tolerant mechanisms. A comprehensive performance evaluation of network coding tree algorithm (NCT), 1+1 scheme and 1: N scheme in WMNs is conducted. Performance metrics, such as packet delivery ratio, resource redundancy degree, end-to-end delay, and useful throughput ratio, are investigated. The simulation results and performance analysis reveal that how wireless channel quality can influence the performance of WMNs and how different fault-tolerant mechanisms can be efficient and effective for latency-sensitive applications in WMNs. The results can also provide the enlightening insights for efficient design of fault-tolerant routing protocols for many-to-one traffic pattern in WMNs.

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Fowler, Scott, Marc Eberhard, Keith Blow, and Ahmed Shaikh. "Adaptive Sending Rate Over Wireless Mesh Networks Using SNR." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 1, no. 3 (July 2011): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2011070103.

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for the next generation of wireless networking. Instead of being another type of ad-hoc networking, WMNs diversify the capabilities of ad-hoc networks. Several protocols that work over WMNs include IEEE 802.11a/b/g, 802.15, 802.16 and LTE-Advanced. To bring about a high throughput under varying conditions, these protocols have to adapt their transmission rate. This paper proposes a scheme to improve channel conditions by performing rate adaptation along with multiple packet transmission using packet loss and physical layer condition. Dynamic monitoring, multiple packet transmission and adaptation to changes in channel quality by adjusting the packet transmission rates according to certain optimization criteria provided greater throughput. The key feature of the proposed method is the combination of the following two factors: 1) detection of intrinsic channel conditions by measuring the fluctuation of noise to signal ratio via the standard deviation, and 2) the detection of packet loss induced through congestion. The authors show that the use of such techniques in a WMN can significantly improve performance in terms of the packet sending rate. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated in a simulated wireless network testbed via packet-level simulation.

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Thandava Meganathan, Navamani, and Yogesh Palanichamy. "Privacy Preserved and Secured Reliable Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/636590.

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Privacy preservation and security provision against internal attacks in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are more demanding than in wired networks due to the open nature and mobility of certain nodes in the network. Several schemes have been proposed to preserve privacy and provide security in WMNs. To provide complete privacy protection in WMNs, the properties of unobservability, unlinkability, and anonymity are to be ensured during route discovery. These properties can be achieved by implementing group signature and ID-based encryption schemes during route discovery. Due to the characteristics of WMNs, it is more vulnerable to many network layer attacks. Hence, a strong protection is needed to avoid these attacks and this can be achieved by introducing a new Cross-Layer and Subject Logic based Dynamic Reputation (CLSL-DR) mechanism during route discovery. In this paper, we propose a new Privacy preserved and Secured Reliable Routing (PSRR) protocol for WMNs. This protocol incorporates group signature, ID-based encryption schemes, and CLSL-DR mechanism to ensure strong privacy, security, and reliability in WMNs. Simulation results prove this by showing better performance in terms of most of the chosen parameters than the existing protocols.

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Liu, Yanbing, Tao Wu, Jun Huang, and Shousheng Jia. "A Stackelberg-Game-Based Power Control Algorithm for Wireless Mesh Networks." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/832309.

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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are a promising networking paradigm for next generation wireless networking system. Power control plays a vital role in WMNs and is realized to be a crucial step toward large-scale WMNs deployment. In this paper, we address the problem of how to allocate the power for both optimizing quality of service (QoS) and saving the power consumption in WMNs based on the game theory. We first formulate the problem as a noncooperative game, in which the QoS attributes and the power of each node are defined as a utility function, and all the nodes attempt to maximize their own utility. In such game, we correlate all the interfering nodes to be an interfering object and the receiving node to be the interfering object's virtual destination node. We then present an equilibrium solution for the noncooperative game using Stackelberg model, and we propose an iterative, distributed power control algorithm for WMNs. Also, we conduct numeric experiments to evaluate the system performance, our results show that the proposed algorithm can balance nodes to share the limited network resources and maximize total utility, and thus it is efficient and effective for solving the power control problem in WMNs.

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Faria, Vinicius da Silva, Jéssica Alcântara Gonçalves, Camilla Alves Mariano da Silva, Gabriele de Brito Vieira, and Dalbert Matos Mascarenhas. "SDToW: A Slowloris Detecting Tool for WMNs." Information 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11120544.

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Denial of service (DoS) attacks play a significant role in contemporary cyberspace scenarios. A variety of different DoS attacks pollute networks by exploring various vulnerabilities. A group of DoS called application DoS attacks explore application vulnerabilities. This work presents a tool that detects and blocks an application DoS called Slowloris on wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Our tool, called SDToW, is designed to effectively use the structure of the WMNs to block the Slowloris attack. SDToW uses three different modules to detect and block the attack. Each module has its specific tasks and thus optimizes the overall detection and block efficiency. Our solution blocks the attacker on its first WMN hop, reducing the malicious traffic on the network and avoiding further attacks from the blocked user. The comparison results show that SDToW performs with 66.7% less processing consumption and 89.1% less memory consumption than Snort. Our solution does not limit the number of parallel connections per user. Hence, by avoiding this limitation, SDToW has a lower incidence of false positive errors than Snort.

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Sakamoto, Shinji, Elis Kulla, Tetsuya Oda, Makoto Ikeda, Leonard Barolli, and Fatos Xhafa. "Performance Evaluation Considering Iterations per Phase and SA Temperature in WMN-SA System." Mobile Information Systems 10, no. 3 (2014): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/970280.

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One of the key advantages of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) is their importance for providing cost-efficient broadband connectivity. There are issues for achieving the network connectivity and user coverage, which are related with the node placement problem. In this work, we consider Simulated Annealing Algorithm (SA) temperature and Iteration per phase for the router node placement problem in WMNs. We want to find the optimal distribution of router nodes in order to provide the best network connectivity and provide the best coverage in a set of Normal distributed clients. From simulation results, we found how to optimize both the size of Giant Component and number of covered mesh clients. When the number of iterations per phase is big, the performance is better in WMN-SA System. From for SA temperature, when SA temperature is 0 and 1, the performance is almost same. When SA temperature is 2 and 3 or more, the performance decrease because there are many kick ups.

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Sharma, Bhanu, and Amar Singh. "Routing in Wireless Mesh Network: A New Metaheuristic Based Routing Approach." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 08 (August 24, 2021): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/08460.

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Routing is a challenging issue of WMNs due to the dynamic nature of the network. In WMNs, a node can leave or join the network at any time. So, there is a need for an efficient routing algorithm in WMNs that should quickly discover the path. The development of different networking environments has a significant effect on WMNs routing. This paper proposes a new Butterfly Optimization algorithm (BOA) based routing approach for Wireless Mesh Networks. The proposed BOA routing approach was implemented using MATLAB, and its performance was compared with Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV), Ant Colony Optimization(ACO), BAT optimization algorithm, Dynamic Source Routing(DSR), and Biogeography-based optimization(BBO)based routing approaches on 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 dynamic node scenarios. From the results, We observe that the proposed Butterfly based routing approach outperforms the existing five routing approaches.

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Yang, Weijun, Xianxian Zeng, and Guanyu Lai. "A Guaranteed Approximation Algorithm for QoS Anypath Routing in WMNs." Mathematics 10, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 4557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10234557.

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Anypath routing is a hot research topic for QoS guarantee in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). According to time-varying characteristics of WMNs and the idea of anypath routing, a system network modeling method is proposed to address the multiple constrained optimization anypath problem. It focuses on the application of WMNs; under various QoS constraints, it satisfies a specific constraint and approaches other QoS constraints from an approximate perspective. A heuristic multi-constrained anypath algorithm with a time complexity as Dijkstra is proposed for the problem, and the algorithm is proved to be a K-1 approximation algorithm. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified, then its computational efficiency and performance are evaluated through simulation experiments, respectively. According to the application characteristics of wireless networks, the algorithm is suitable for WMNs and has good compatibility with existing routing protocols.

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Satyanarayana, S. K., L. Nirmala Devi, and A. Nageswar Rao. "MPIGA – Multipath Selection Using Improved Genetic Algorithm." International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) 14, no. 1s (December 31, 2022): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijcnis.v14i1s.5595.

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The Wireless Multimedia Networks (WMNs) have developed due to the extensive applications of wireless devices and increasing availability of lower cost hardware. The WMNs are used to transmit the multimedia content like audio and video streaming and they can be deployed within a lower budget. These networks can also be used in real-time data applications that demand energy-efficient management and awareness of Quality of Service (QoS). The energy resources are limited in the wireless devices that lead to the significant threats on the QoS for WMNs. An energy-efficient routing technique is needed to handle the dynamic topology of WMN that includes a vital resource as energy. The energy-efficient routing method was proposed in this work for the purpose of data communication based on a cluster head selection from each cluster in addition to the multipath route selection to reduce the network overhead and energy consumption. The cluster heads for each cluster are selected based on Node Coverage & average residual energy parameters.In this work, the proposed energy efficient routing algorithm uses improved genetic algorithm (IGA)based on a cost function for dynamic selection of the best path. The proposed cost function uses link lifetime &average link delay parameters to estimate the link cost. The proposed algorithm’s performance compared with other previous routing methods based on extensive simulation analysis. The results showed that the proposed method achieves better performance over three other routing techniques.

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Cao, Zhanmao, Chase Q. Wu, Yuanping Zhang, Sajjan G. Shiva, and Yi Gu. "On Modeling and Analysis of MIMO Wireless Mesh Networks with Triangular Overlay Topology." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/185262.

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Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless mesh networks (WMNs) aim to provide the last-mile broadband wireless access to the Internet. Along with the algorithmic development for WMNs, some fundamental mathematical problems also emerge in various aspects such as routing, scheduling, and channel assignment, all of which require an effective mathematical model and rigorous analysis of network properties. In this paper, we propose to employ Cartesian product of graphs (CPG) as a multichannel modeling approach and explore a set of unique properties of triangular WMNs. In each layer of CPG with a single channel, we design a node coordinate scheme that retains the symmetric property of triangular meshes and develop a function for the assignment of node identity numbers based on their coordinates. We also derive a necessary-sufficient condition for interference-free links and combinatorial formulas to determine the number of the shortest paths for channel realization in triangular WMNs.

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Santhi, H., and N. Jaisankar. "Towards an Effective QoS On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol for Multi-Channel Multi Interface WMNs." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 10, no. 4 (October 2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2014100101.

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) is becoming an emerging paradigm, due to its simple and cost effective deployment, and increased growth in popularity for the next generation wireless Internet. Unlike the single channel, it is challenging to provision a robust multicasting by means of multi-channel and multi-interface WMNs. Therefore, in order to tackle the multicast issues, a high-quality path selection and channel assignment are essential. The proposed Quality of Service – On Demand Multichannel Multicast Routing Protocol (QoS- ODMMRP) includes merged path selection and top-down channel tuning mechanism to support multi-channel and multi-interface WMNs. Thus, the proposed work reduces the number of transmissions and increases the communication throughput efficiently.

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Elzain and Wu. "Software Defined Wireless Mesh Network Flat Distribution Control Plane." Future Internet 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11080166.

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), have a potential offering relatively stable Internet broadband access. The rapid development and growth of WMNs attract ISPs to support users’ coverage anywhere anytime. To achieve this goal network architecture must be addressed carefully. Software Defined Networking (SDN) proposes new network architecture for wired and wireless networks. Software Defined Wireless Networking (SDWN) has a great potential to increase efficiency, ease the complexity of control and management, and accelerate technology innovation rate of wireless networking. An SDN controller is the core component of an SDN network. It needs to have updated reports of the network status change, as in network topology and quality of service (QoS) in order to effectively configure and manage the network it controls. In this paper, we propose Flat Distributed Software Defined Wireless Mesh Network architecture where the controller aggregates entire topology discovery and monitors QoS properties of extended WMN nodes using Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) protocol, which is not possible in multi-hop ordinary architectures. The proposed architecture has been implemented on top of POX controller and Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) protocol. The experiments were conducted in a Mininet-wifi emulator, the results present the architecture control plane consistency and two application cases: topology discovery and QoS monitoring. The current results push us to study QoS-routing for video streaming over WMN.

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Ohara, Seiji, Ermioni Qafzezi, Admir Barolli, Shinji Sakamoto, Yi Liu, and Leonard Barolli. "WMN-PSODGA - An Intelligent Hybrid Simulation System for WMNs Considering Load Balancing." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 11, no. 4 (October 2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2020100103.

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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are becoming an important networking infrastructure because they have many advantages, such as low cost and increased high-speed wireless Internet connectivity. In the authors' previous work, they implemented a hybrid simulation system based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and distributed genetic algorithm (DGA), called WMN-PSODGA. Moreover, they added to the fitness function a new parameter for mesh router load balancing a number of covered mesh clients per router (NCMCpR). In this article, the authors consider Exponential, Weibull, and Normal distributions of mesh clients and carry out a comparison study. The simulation results show that the performance of the Exponential, Weibull and Normal distributions was improved by considering load balancing when using WMN-PSODGA. For the same number of mesh clients, the Normal distribution behaves better than the other distributions. This is because all mesh clients are covered by a smaller number of mesh routers and the standard deviation is improved by effectively using NCMCpR.

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Yan, Jun, Yihui Zhou, and Laifeng Lu. "A Node Differential Privacy-Based Method to Preserve Directed Graphs in Wireless Mobile Networks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 11, 2023): 8089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148089.

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With the widespread popularity of Wireless Mobile Networks (WMNs) in our daily life, the huge risk to disclose personal privacy of massive graph structure data in WMNs receives more and more attention. Particularly, as a special type of graph data in WMNs, the directed graph contains an amount of sensitive personal information. To provide secure and reliable privacy preservation for directed graphs in WMNs, we develop a node differential privacy-based method, which combines differential privacy with graph modification. In the method, the original directed graph is first divided into several sub-graphs after it is transformed into a weighted graph. Then, in each sub-graph, the node degree sequences are obtained by using an exponential mechanism and micro-aggregation is adopted to get the noised node degree sequences, which is used to generate a synthetic directed sub-graph through edge modification. Finally, all synthetic sub-graphs are merged into a synthetic directed graph that can preserve the original directed graph. The theoretical analysis proves that the proposed method satisfies differential privacy. The results of the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method in privacy preservation and data utility.

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Arif, Teuku Yuliar, Munandar Munandar, Ramzi Adriman, and Rizal Munadi. "CARA-OHT: Collision-Aware Rate Adaptation for Optimal High-Throughput in IEEE 802.11s Wireless Mesh Networks." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 14, no. 13 (August 14, 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i13.13245.

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The wireless mesh network (WMN) is a future network technology that develops single-hop wireless local area networks (WLANs) into multi-hop wireless mesh networks, based on the IEEE 802.11s standard. However, this development still presents many challenges, such as determining the best route between sources and destinations, especially taking into account the use of the medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers of IEEE 802.11n/ac. Some papers have proposed rate adaptation algorithms particularly for single-hop networks; however, these only focused on mechanisms to find data rates suitable for channel conditions. In IEEE 802.11s WMNs, the design of the rate adaptation algorithm is more challenging. Besides considering the problem of channel quality and optimal throughput, it is necessary to also consider the problem of collision and the best route. It is important to take collision into account because the collision probability in multi-hop mesh networks is higher than that in single-hop networks and can lead to a lower throughput. Rate adaptation algorithms for IEEE 802.11s WMNs have been proposed in other papers, but they also do not consider the use of the MAC and PHY layers of IEEE 802.11n/ac. In this paper, we propose the collision-aware rate adaptation for optimal high-throughput (CARA-OHT) algorithm for WMN IEEE 802.11s. An evaluation through the extensive use of a network NS-3 simulator shows that the proposed algorithm exhibits a higher throughput than previously developed algorithms.

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Sekhar, Ravi, Haider Rasheed Abdulshaheed, Harshavardhan Reddy Penubadi, J. F. Tawfeq, Azmi Shawkat Abdulbaq, A. D. Radhi, Pritesh Shah, et al. "Sustainable optimizing WMN performance through meta-heuristic TDMA link scheduling and routing." Heritage and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (March 8, 2024): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/hsd.v6i1.389.

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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have become a popular solution for expanding internet service and communication in both urban and rural areas. However, the performance of WMNs depends on generating optimized time-division multiple access (TDMA) schedules, which distribute time into a list of slots called superframes. This study proposes novel meta-heuristic algorithms to generate TDMA link schedules in WMNs using two different interference/constraint models: multi-transmit-receive (MTR) and full-duplex (FD). The objectives of this study are to optimize the TDMA frame for packet transmission, satisfy the constraints, and minimize the end-to-end delay. The significant contributions of this study are: (1) proposing effective and efficient heuristic solutions to solve the NP-complete problem of generating optimal TDMA link schedules in WMNs; (2) investigating the new FD interference model to improve the network capacity above the physical layer. To achieve these objectives and contributions, the study uses two popular meta-heuristics, the artificial bee colony (ABC) and/or genetic algorithm (GA), to solve the known NP-complete problems of joint scheduling, power control, and rate control. The results of this study show that the proposed algorithms can generate optimized TDMA link schedules for both MTR and FD models. The joint routing and scheduling approach further minimizes end-to-end delay while maintaining the schedule's minimum length and/or maximum capacity. The proposed solution outperforms the existing solutions in terms of the number of active links, end-to-end delay, and network capacity. The research aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of WMNs in most applications that require high throughput and fast response time.

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Kim, Won-Suk, and Sang-Hwa Chung. "Interface Assignment-Based AODV Routing Protocol to Improve Reliability in Multi-Interface Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/768596.

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The utilization of wireless mesh networks (WMNs) has greatly increased, and the multi-interface multichannel (MIMC) technic has been widely used for the backbone network. Unfortunately, the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol defined in the IEEE 802.11s standard was designed for WMNs using the single-interface single-channel technic. So, we define a problem that happens when the legacy AODV is used in MIMC WMNs and propose an interface assignment-based AODV (IA-AODV) in order to resolve that problem. IA-AODV, which is based on multitarget path request, consists of the PREQ prediction scheme, the PREQ loss recovery scheme, and the PREQ sender assignment scheme. A detailed operation according to various network conditions and services is introduced, and the routing efficiency and network reliability of a network using IA-AODV are analyzed over the presented system model. Finally, after a real-world test-bed for MIMC WMNs using the IA-AODV routing protocol is implemented, the various indicators of the network are evaluated through experiments. When the proposed routing protocol is compared with the existing AODV routing protocol, it performs the path update using only 14.33% of the management frames, completely removes the routing malfunction, and reduces the UDP packet loss ratio by 0.0012%.

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Oda, Tetsuya. "A Delaunay Edges and Simulated Annealing-Based Integrated Approach for Mesh Router Placement Optimization in Wireless Mesh Networks." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031050.

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) can build a communications infrastructure using only routers (called mesh routers), making it possible to form networks over a wide area at low cost. The mesh routers cover clients (called mesh clients), allowing mesh clients to communicate with different nodes. Since the communication performance of WMNs is affected by the position of mesh routers, the communication performance can be improved by optimizing the mesh router placement. In this paper, we present a Coverage Construction Method (CCM) that optimizes mesh router placement. In addition, we propose an integrated optimization approach that combine Simulated Annealing (SA) and Delaunay Edges (DE) in CCM to improve the performance of mesh router placement optimization. The proposed approach can build and provide a communication infrastructure by WMNs in disaster environments. We consider a real scenario for the placement of mesh clients in an evacuation area of Kurashiki City, Japan. From the simulation results, we found that the proposed approach can optimize the placement of mesh routers in order to cover all mesh clients in the evacuation area. Additionally, the DECCM-based SA approach covers more mesh clients than the CCM-based SA approach on average and can improve network connectivity of WMNs.

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Sakamoto, Shinji, Leonard Barolli, and Shusuke Okamoto. "WMN-PSOSA: an intelligent hybrid simulation system for WMNs and its performance evaluations." International Journal of Web and Grid Services 15, no. 4 (2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijwgs.2019.10024790.

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Sakamoto, Shinji, Leonard Barolli, and Shusuke Okamoto. "WMN-PSOSA: an intelligent hybrid simulation system for WMNs and its performance evaluations." International Journal of Web and Grid Services 15, no. 4 (2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijwgs.2019.103221.

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Oda, Tetsuya, Admir Barolli, Fatos Xhafa, Leonard Barolli, Makoto Ikeda, and Makoto Takizawa. "WMN–GA: a simulation system for WMNs and its evaluation considering selection operators." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 4, no. 3 (January 11, 2012): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12652-011-0099-2.

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Shin, Byoungheon, and Dongman Lee. "An Efficient Local Repair-Based Multi-Constrained Routing for Congestion Control in Wireless Mesh Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (November 14, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2893494.

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Multi-constrained routing is a key driver to support quality-of-service (QoS) for real-time multimedia applications in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Due to the difficulty of applying strict admission control into a public WMN, it is inevitable to accommodate multiple application flows with different QoS requirements exceeding the capacity of a certain link shared by multiple flows. However, existing multi-constrained routing protocols under such an environment find the QoS degradation based on end-to-end path quality probing and trigger flooding-based route discovery from a scratch for resolving the QoS degradation, which incurs a longer recovery time and much routing overhead. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-constrained routing protocol for WMNs that finds problematic links that may affect QoS degradation to end-to-end paths and replaces them with a detour path using a local repair principle. We model congestion threshold estimation for finding problematic links and design algorithms for quickly finding detour paths and selecting an optimal path by minimizing the negative effect on existing flows nearby the detour path. Simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol achieves up to 19.6% more goodput of live video streaming applications with up to 33% reduced routing overhead compared with an existing work.

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Singh, Amar, Shakti Kumar, and Sukhbir Singh Walia. "Routing Protocols for WMNs: A Survey." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 7 (September 27, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i7.87.

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Routing is one of the most challenging issues encountered in the Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) due to the dynamic nature of WMNs. The survey observes that literature is rich with wide range of routing protocols. Each protocol has its own features which we have briefly discussed. The routing protocols could be divided into three categories i.e. reactive, proactive and hybrid. In this paper we have reviewed wide range of existing routing protocols which are being applied for wireless mesh networks. The literature survey also points to the rising popularity of soft computing based approaches to the optimal cost path evaluation as compared to the classical or hard computing based approaches.

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Aminimanesh, Zahra. "A New Routing Protocol for WMNs." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 3, no. 2 (2015): 716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150260.

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Mulaahmetović, Inda. "Quantitative Easing and Macroeconomic Performance in the United States." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2022-0024.

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Abstract This scientific paper examines the relationship between macroeconomic variables whose performance is measured under the implementation of Quantitative Easing in the US, by estimating vector autoregression (VAR) and Impulse Response Function with monthly data from US Federal Reserve, observed during the period January 1994-January 2022. Variables include: Consumer Price Index (CPIAUCSL); Industrial Production (INDPRO); Unemployment Rate (UNRATE); Interest Rates, Government Securities, Government Bonds (INTGSBUSM193N); Volatility Index (VIXCLS), Real Broad Effective Exchange Rate (RBUSBIS), Federal Surplus or Deficit (MTSDS133FMS), Money Supply M1 (WM1NS), M2 (WMNS), M3 (MABMM301USM189S). An evidence on macroeconomic variables of Consumer Price Index and Industrial Production when evaluating the effectiveness of QE is provided.

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Lai, Wei Kuang, Mu Lung Weng, Yuh Chung Lin, and Chin Shiuh Shieh. "An Incentive Mechanism Using Game Theory for Wireless Mesh Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2694–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2694.

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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have attracted much attention in recent years. The main problems in WMNs are the unfairness in bandwidth sharing and potential selfish behavior. In this paper, an incentive-based pricing model is designed which follows the concepts of mechanism design in game theory to encourage nodes to relay packets for other nodes and therefore achieve fairness. In the pricing model, we consider the packet transmitting amounts, idle conditions and the special need of border nodes in the margin area. The incentive is the main feature of the model. We also discuss the model using mathematical analysis from various perspectives. The analysis shows that this model is highly effective in eliminating unfairness in the multi-hop transmission topology. This is achieved by allowing border mesh routers to receive a fair profit. This flexible pricing model is capable of encouraging packet forwarding. With the issue of unfairness resolved, WMNs can be expected to have a broader range of applications.

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Gao, Tianhan, Nan Guo, Kangbin Yim, and Qianyi Wang. "PPS: A privacy-preserving security scheme for multi-operator wireless mesh networks with enhanced user experience." Computer Science and Information Systems 11, no. 3 (2014): 975–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis130917060g.

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Multi-operator wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have attracted increasingly attentions as a low-cost accessing approach for future large-scale mobile network. Security and privacy are two important objectives during the deployment of multi-operator WMNs. Despite the necessity, limited literature research takes both privacy and user experience into account. This motivates us to develop PPS, a novel privacy-preserving security scheme, for multi-operator WMNs. On one hand, most of the privacy needs are satisfied with the hybrid utilization of a tri-lateral pseudonym and a ticket based on proxy blind signature. On the other hand, the sophisticated unlinkability is implemented where mobile user is able to keep his pseudonym unchanged within the same operator in order to gain better user experience. PPS is presented as a suite of authentication and key agreement protocols built upon the proposed three-tire hierarchical network architecture. Our analysis demonstrates that PPS is secure and outperforms other proposal in terms of communication and computation overhead.

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Benmohammed, Asma, and Merniz Salah. "Delay of Reliable Multicast Protocols in Wireless Networks." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 22 (September 18, 2023): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23204.2023.22.9.

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Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) plays important roles towards the next generation wireless networking. It is a key technology to support wireless multi-hop networks. Due to dynamic routing nature of WMNs, the optimization of routing protocol is most critical task. Our work consists on the study and the analysis of the performances of two reliable multicast protocols based on active networks: AMRHy(Active Dynamic Replier Reliable Multicast) and DyRAM(Active Multicast Reliable Hybrid). This analysis will allow us to show the contribution of the combination of the class receiver-initiated and sender- initiated in solving the reliability problem involving the active routers.

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Qi, Hua Mei, Min Wu, and Zhi Gang Chen. "On Upper Bound of the Quality of Service Performance in the Gateway of Wireless Mesh Networks." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2697.

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Motivated by the advantage of the gateway that acts as the performance bottleneck in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) while shaping the traffic with the greedy fractal shaper, a novel approach is proposed to derive the upper stochastic/statistical bound of the backlog, delay and delay jitter of the WMNs gateway quality of service (QoS) statistic bound model. By analyzing and evaluating the QoS performance of the present model based on network calculus theory with fair bandwidth distributed strategy, a number of useful curves are achieved. Simulation shows the performance of the present model.

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Journal articles on the topic 'WMNs'

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