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Oktadinata, Herry, and Adi Ganda Putra. "MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS PROFILE OF DISSIMILAR LAP JOINT OF TYPE 304 STAINLESS STEEL TO SS400 CARBON STEEL." Metal Indonesia 41, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32423/jmi.2019.v41.47-54.
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Dissimilar metal welds between austenitic stainless steel and carbon steel are commonly used in oil and gas industries for certain reasons. The objective of this research is to asses the effect of filler metal and shielding gas on the microstructure and hardness of dissimilar lap joint of type 304 austenitic stainless steel to JIS SS400 low carbon steel. For the purpose of this investigation, the weldments were produced using flux-cored arc welding (FCAW). Three types of filler metals (E316L, E309L and E308L) and two different gas compositions (100%CO2 and 90%Ar+10%CO2) were selected to be used. Each of the weldments were analyzed on the microstructure characteristic and hardness profile of base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM) using optical microscope and microhardness Vickers. The metallographic examination revealed HAZ-SS400 contains martensites. Both HAZ-304 and WM show austenitic microstructure, with columnar and cellular sub-structures present at WM. The hardness profile of HAZ-304 is higher than BM-304, it may be attributed to the presence of the fine grains in HAZ-304 due to high temperature during welding. The hardness profile of WM-E309L exhibited the hardness from HAZ to WM tend to decrease linearly, while WM-E316L and WM-E308L showed the hardness from HAZ to WM also decreased but drastically dropped at fusion line (FL). The welds using E309L offer the best result in the point of view homogeneity of the hardness profile.
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De Oliveira, Matheus José Cunha, João Gabriel Lúcio Conceição, Martha Nascimento Diniz, Douglas Luiz Da Cruz, Carlos Eduardo da Silva Moreira, Marcos Vinicius de Souza Nascimento, Felype Narciso De Mattos, and Rafael Ramos. "Effect of welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of dissimilar AISI 304/AISI 430 thin plates welded by gas Tungsten arc welding." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 21, no. 9 (September 4, 2023): 10640–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv21n9-010.
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In this work, the microstructure and mechanical behavior of dissimilar AISI 430 and AISI 304 thin sheets welded by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding using AISI 304 and AISI 316L as filler metals were studied. The obtained joints were characterized by optical and scanning electronic microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and fluorescence, tensile tests and the Vickers microhardness test. Measurements carried out by energy dispersion X-ray spectrometry in the melting zone indicated a slightly heterogeneous distribution of nickel and iron. It was observed that the beginning of solidification of the zone fusion occurred through epitaxial growth. The WM solidification morphology was basically cellular influenced by temperature gradient, solidification rate and chemical composition. Variations in chemical composition and solidification morphology did not significantly alter the Vickers microhardness values in the melting zone. Results obtained in tensile tests indicated adequate mechanical behavior for the joints using AISI 304 as filler rod; those exhibited a ductile fracture behavior with the presence of dimples. However, the AISI 316L joints failure prematurely resulting in a fragile behavior.
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Xu, Hu, Junsheng Sun, Jun Jin, Jijun Song, and Chi Wang. "Comparison of Structure and Properties of Mo2FeB2-Based Cermets Prepared by Welding Metallurgy and Vacuum Sintering." Materials 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010046.
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At present, most Mo2FeB2-based cermets are prepared by vacuum sintering. However, vacuum sintering is only suitable for ordinary cylinder and cuboid workpieces, and it is difficult to apply to large curved surface and large size workpieces. Therefore, in order to improve the flexibility of preparing Mo2FeB2 cermet, a flux cored wire with 70% filling rate, 304 stainless steel, 60 wt% Mo powder and 40 wt% FeB powder was prepared. Mo2FeB2 cermet was prepared by an arc cladding welding metallurgy method with flux cored wire. In this paper, the microstructure, phase evolution, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Mo2FeB2 cermets prepared by the vacuum sintering (VM-Mo2FeB2) and arc cladding welding metallurgy method (WM-Mo2FeB2) were systematically studied. The results show that VM-Mo2FeB2 is composed of Mo2FeB2 and γ-CrFeNi.WM-Mo2FeB2 is composed of Mo2FeB2, NiCrFe, MoCrFe and Cr2B3. The volume fraction of hard phase in WM-Mo2FeB2 is lower than that of VM-Mo2FeB2, and its hardness and corrosion resistance are also slightly lower than that of VM-Mo2FeB2, but there are obvious pores in the microstructure of VM-Mo2FeB2, which affects its properties. The results show that WM-Mo2FeB2 has good diffusion and metallurgical bonding with the matrix and has no obvious pores. The microstructure is compact and the wear resistance is better than that of VM-Mo2FeB2.
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Moon, Kyung Man, Yun Hae Kim, Sung Jin Kim, Ji Hyeong Yoon, Youn Chang Lee, Syung Yul Lee, and Min Seok Oh. "Electrochemical Evaluation on the Corrosion Properties of Welding Zones of 304 Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1238.
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Two types of welding methods were performed on austenitic 304 stainless steel: laser welding and TIG welding. The differences of the corrosion characteristics of the welded zones from the two welding methods were investigated with electrochemical methods, such as measurement of the corrosion potential, polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram, etc. The Vickers hardness of all laser-welded zones (WM:Weld Metal, HAZ:Heat-Affected Zone, BM:Base Metal) was relatively higher while their corrosion current densities exhibited a comparatively lower value than those which were TIG welded. In particular, the corrosion current density of the TIG-welded HAZ had the highest value among all other welding zones, which suggests that chromium depletion due to the formation of chromium carbide occurs in the HAZ, which is in the sensitization temperature range, thus it can easily be corroded with an active anode. Intergrenular corrosion was also observed at the TIG-welded HAZ and WM zones. Consequently, we can see that corrosion resistance of all austenitic 304 stainless steel welding zones can be improved via the use of laser welding.
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Barabadi, Negin Sattari, Abhishek Dave, Hamid Niknazar, Ivy Chen, Ariel Neikrug, Ruth Benca, and Bryce Mander. "0224 Chronic change in sleep oscillation expression in older adults with insomnia with zolpidem or lemborexant and its effect on memory." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A98—A99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0224.
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Abstract Introduction Aging is accompanied by increased insomnia and memory decline. Enhancing GABAergic and antagonizing orexinergic function are both ways to treat insomnia, but how these mechanisms impact sleep oscillations, and consequently memory, among older adults with insomnia is unknown. Thus, chronic effects of zolpidem and lemborexant on quantitative sleep electroencephalography (EEG) and quality of memory among older adults with insomnia were evaluated. Methods 116 older adults (71.01±4.81y, 78.67% female) with insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index 18.73±3.13) completed a phase 3 study (E2006-G000-304; NCT02783729) with placebo (n=29), zolpidem-extended-release (6.25mg,n=26;ZOL), and lemborexant (5mg,n=29[LEM5]; 10mg,n=32[LEM10]) using polysomnography before (at baseline) and 29-30 days after chronic treatment. Spectral analysis was performed on artifact-free EEG data during NREM sleep. Changes in relative power within canonical frequency bands (i.e., slow-oscillation[0.5-1Hz], delta[1-4.5Hz], theta[4.5-7.5Hz], alpha[7.5-11Hz], slow-sigma[11-13Hz], fast-sigma[13-16Hz], beta[16-28Hz] and gamma[28-35Hz]) from baseline were compared between groups at averaged frontal electrodes at each visit. Working (WM) and episodic memory (EM) were measured at waketime using ANOVA models and Pearson correlations. Results A significant main effect of intervention on frequency bands delta (p=0.02), slow-sigma (p<.001), and fast-sigma (p<.001) was found, with greater chronic suppression in power for ZOL compared to PBO for delta (p=0.002). Compared to PBO, ZOL showed greater increase in power for slow-sigma (p<.001), fast-sigma (p<.001) and beta (p=.03), and was also associated with greater increases in power compared to LEM5 for slow-sigma (p<.001) and fast-sigma (p=.006), and compared to LEM10 for alpha (p=.04), slow-sigma (p< 0.00), and fast-sigma (p<.001). LEM5 showed greater beta (p=.05) than PBO. WM was significantly higher (better) for LEM5 compared to PBO (p=0.04), while EM was higher for PBO compared to ZOL (p=0.01). Increase in beta with ZOL was related to decreased change-from-baseline-WM (r=-0.43, p=.03); increases in theta and alpha with LEM5 were related to decreased change-from-baseline-EM [r=-0.38, p=0.04; r=-0.39, p=0.03]; and increase in delta with LEM10 was related to increased change-from-baseline-EM (r=0.43, p=0.02). Conclusion In older adults with insomnia disorder, chronic treatment with lemborexant and zolpidem had distinct effects on sleep oscillation expression and between power and memory. Functional consequences of these differential effects on sleep-oscillation expression and memory in insomnia patients should be further considered. Support (if any) Eisai
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Davids, Matthew S., Andrew W. Roberts, Mary Ann Anderson, John M. Pagel, Brad S. Kahl, John F. Gerecitano, David E. Darden, et al. "The BCL-2-Specific BH3-Mimetic ABT-199 (GDC-0199) Is Active and Well-Tolerated in Patients with Relapsed Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Interim Results of a Phase I Study." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.304.304.
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Abstract Abstract 304 Background: BCL-2 is highly expressed in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and other selected aggressive lymphomas, and is a promising target for therapeutic intervention. The first-generation BCL-2 inhibitor navitoclax showed some activity in indolent lymphoma, but its co-inhibition of BCL-xL resulted in dose-limiting thrombocytopenia, precluding the full exploration of the potential of BCL-2 inhibition with this drug in NHL. ABT-199 is an orally bioavailable, second-generation BH3-mimetic that inhibits BCL-2 (Ki<0.10 nM), but has 500-fold less activity for BCL-xL (Ki=48 nM). ABT-199 demonstrated antitumor activity against a variety of human cell lines and xenograft models that include B cell NHL, follicular lymphomas (FL), diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and MCL. Methods: This is a phase-I dose-escalation trial using a modified Fibonacci design in patients with relapsed/refractory NHL. The primary objectives of this study are to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ABT-199; to recommend a phase-2 dose; and to assess efficacy and biomarkers in patients with relapsed/refractory NHL. Adult patients requiring therapy, with ECOG performance status £1, and adequate marrow function received ABT-199 on Week 1 Day −7 (W1D-7), followed by continuous once-daily dosing from W1D1, until progressive disease (PD) or unacceptable toxicity. Due to concerns of potential tumor lysis, a strategy of commencing with a 2 to 3 week lead-in period with step-wise increases to the target cohort dose is being evaluated. In the first four cohorts, the starting dose increased from 50 to 200 mg (50, 100, 200, and 200 mg, respectively), with target cohort doses of 200 mg [n=3], 300 mg [n=3], 400 mg [n=4], and 600 mg [n=7]. Evaluations include: adverse events (AE; NCI-CTCAE-V4) and tumor response (IWG 2007 criteria). Results: To date, 17 patients (median age, 71 [35–85]) have been treated with ABT-199. Median prior therapies were 3 (range, 1–7) and 6 patients had bulky adenopathy (>5cm). Most common AEs (experienced by >2 patients) were nausea (41%), diarrhea (24%), dyspepsia (24%), fatigue (24%), extremity pain (24%); and anemia, constipation, upper respiratory tract infection and cough (18% each). Grade 3 or 4 AEs occurring in >1 patient were anemia (18%) and neutropenia (12%). Treatment-related thrombocytopenia has not been reported and no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) have been identified to date. After a single dose administration with a high-fat meal, ABT-199 reached Cmax at approximately 7 hrs with a terminal half-life of about 15 hrs. Food increased ABT-199 exposure by approximately 3-fold. With a median follow-up of 2.8 months (range, 1.2 to 10.8), 14 patients remain on study and 3 have discontinued due to PD. In patients who have completed at least a W6 assessment, reductions of >50% in target lesions have been observed in 8/15 patients (53%); 6/6 patients with MCL, 1/2 patients with WM and 1/2 patients with DLBCL. Additionally, 5 FL patients have been evaluated (3 with rituxan-refractory disease) with a median time on study of 6.4 months (range, 3.5 to 10.8). 4/5 FL patients had nodal disease reductions ranging from 18% to 40%. Conclusions: ABT-199 shows single agent anti-tumor activity in patients with NHL; particularly in MCL. Activity is also observed in DLBCL and WM. To date, no DLTs have been identified and tumor lysis syndrome related to ABT-199 has not been reported. Dose escalation is continuing to identify the optimal dosing regimen and MTD of ABT-199 in NHL. Updated results will be presented. Disclosures: Roberts: Abbott: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding. Anderson:Genentech: Research Funding; Abbott: Research Funding; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research: Employment, receives commercial income related to ABT-199, receives commercial income related to ABT-199 Other. Kahl:Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbott: Research Funding. Darden:Abbott: Employment, owner of Abbott stock Other. Nolan:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stock Other. Gressick:Abbott: Employment, stock owner Other. Yang:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stock Other. Chyla:Abbott: Employment, Stock owner Other. Busman:Abbott: Employment, Stock owner Other. Graham:Abbott: Employment, Stock owner Other. Cerri:Abbott: Employment, Stock owner Other. Enschede:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stocks Other. Humerickhouse:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stocks Other. Seymour:Roche: Advisory board member, Advisory board member Other, Consultancy; Genentech: Advisory board member, Advisory board member Other, Consultancy.
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Macedo, Alice Dos Santos, and Gilberto Fisch. "Variabilidade Espacial da Radiação Solar na Região de Manaus - AM durante o Experimento GOAmazon 2014/15 (Spatial variability of solar radiation in Manaus-AM region during GOAmazon Experiment 2014/15)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 10, no. 6 (November 9, 2017): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v10.6.p1802-1811.
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Este trabalho realizou um estudo da variabilidade espacial em 2014 da irradiância solar na região de Manaus-AM, através de dados observacionais, inserido no Projeto GOAmazon 2014/15. Também, como forma complementar, foi realizada a análise da cobertura de nuvens, chuva e aerossóis e suas interrelações com a irradiância solar. Como resultado, observa-se que os menores valores médios da irradiância solar ocorreram na área urbana,o que é justificado, em parte pela urbanização que altera os fluxos envolvidos, diminuindo a irradiância solar à superfície. Os valores típicos são entre 400 e 600 Wm-2na estação chuvosa (fevereiro/março) com um desvio padrão de 200 e 380 Wm-2e entre 650 e 800 Wm-2na estação seca (agosto-setembro) com desvio padrão de 190 e 300 Wm-2. A B S T R A C T The solar radiation is an important climatic element in the Amazon region, as it has a strong impact for ecological (by the preservation of the biodiversity) and technological (as a renewable energy) areas. Consequently, this study contributes for these themes, conducting an observational study of the spatial variability of the solar irradiance for Manaus-AM area, with data collected during the project GOAmazon 2014/15. The cloud cover and rainfall and their relationships with solar radiation were also analysed. The maximum values observed for the wet season (february and march) are in the range 450 and 600 Wm-2 with high standart deviation (300 - 350 Wm-2 ), while they are in the range from 650 and 800 Wm-2 during the dry period (august - september) with lower standart deviation (200 - 300 Wm-2). These values are directly associated with cloud cover and rainfall. In general, the urban area (Manaus city) showed the low values of solar radiation at the surface compared with its neighborhood, inducing a horizontal gradient of clouds/rainfall and solar energy between the city and the semi rural areas. Keywords: piranometer, global solar radiation, cloud cover, total sky imager
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Cordero - Au Yeung, Rie Sheena, and Marilyn Tiongson. "The Impact of Talent Management Practices on Organizational and Human Resources Outcomes: A Study on Philippines Department Of Foreign Affairs Talent Management Practices." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): 1288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i11.sh02.
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The study examined the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) talent management practices and whether its practices influence its organizational and human resources outcomes. The three independent variables are talent attraction, talent development, and talent retention, while the two dependent variables are organizational and human resources outcomes. Three hundred respondents answered a 43-item questionnaire. The Pearson's Correlation analysis results show significant positive relationships between organizational outcomes and (a) talent attraction, r=.734, N=300, p < 0.001; (b) talent development, r=.699, N=300, p < 0.001, and (c) talent retention, r=.748, N=300, p < 0.001. Likewise, the analysis showed that there are significant positive relationships between human resource outcomes and (a) talent attraction, r=.753, N=300, p < 0.001; (b) talent development, r=.765, N=300, p < 0.001, and (c) talent retention, r=.808, N=300, p < 0.001. The study revealed that talent attraction, development, and retention positively influence organizational and human resources outcomes. Talent Development is the primary strength of the Department with the highest weighted mean (WM:3.71; SD:0.78), followed by Talent Attraction (WM:3.56; SD:0.81) and talent retention (WM:3.27; SD:0.90).
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Lund, Sigrun Helga, Malin Hultcrantz, Lynn Goldin, Ola Landgren, Magnus Björkholm, Ingemar Turesson, and Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson. "Patterns of Infectious Morbidity in Patients with Waldenström’s Macroglobulinaemia/Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma: A Population-Based Study." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3350.3350.
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Abstract Background Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, largely due to the rarity of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM)/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL), the literature on infectious morbidity is limited. Using population-based data from Sweden, we estimated the risk of bacterial and viral infections among 2,608 LPL/WM patients compared to 10,433 matched controls. Patients and Methods We identified all WM/LPL patients diagnosed 1980-2005 in the nationwide Swedish Cancer and Patient Registries, as well as a national network database including all major hematology/oncology centers; duplicate records were removed. Follow-up time was up to 2006. For each WM/LPL patient, four population-based controls (matched by age, sex, and county of residence) were identified randomly from the Swedish population database. Information on type of infection and date of infection was obtained from the Patient Registry which captures information on all individual patient-based discharge diagnosis from inpatient (since 1964) and outpatient care (since 2000). Through linkage to the nationwide Cause of Death Registry, we identified dates of death for WM/LPL patients and controls. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the overall risk of infections. Models were adjusted for sex, age, and calendar period. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for individual infections. Results Overall, WM/LPL patients had a 3.4-fold (95% CI=3.1-3.6) elevated risk of developing any infection than controls (Figure). Compared to controls, the risk of developing bacterial and viral infections was 3.2-fold (95%; CI=2.9-3.5) and 6.0-fold (95% CI=4.9-7.3) higher, respectively. More specifically, WM/LPL patients had an increased risk (p<0.05) of the following types of bacterial infections: septicaemia (HR=9.3; 95% CI 3.7-23.5), endocarditis (HR=5.0; 95% CI 2.5-10.0), pneumonia (HR=3.8; 95% CI 3.4-4.2), meningitis (HR=3.4; 95% CI 1.1-10.3), cellulitis (HR=2.6; 95% CI 2.0-3.4), osteomyelitis (HR=1.9; 95% CI 1.01-3.6), and pyelonephritis (HR=1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.4). Regarding viral infections, WM/LPL patients had an increased risk of herpes zoster (HR=9.2; 95% CI 6.7-12.6) and influenza (HR=2.3; 95% CI 1.5-3.5). The risk of infections was highest during the first year after diagnosis. Interestingly, WM/LPL patients diagnosed in the more recent calendar periods had significantly higher risk of infections (Figure). Compared to WM/LPL patients diagnosed in 1980-1989, patients diagnosed in 1990-1999 and 2000-2004 had a 1.5-fold (95% CI=1.3-1.6) and 1.8-fold (95% CI=1.6-2.1) increased risk of any infection, respectively. The same patterns were observed when bacterial infections were analyzed separately. In analysis focusing on viral infections; there was only a significant increased risk during the most recent calendar period (p=0.027). Females had a significantly lower risk of infections compared to males (p<0.001). Increasing age was significantly associated with a higher risk of infections (p<0.001). Discussion In this large population-based study including over 2,600 WM/LPL patients and 10,000 matched controls, we found that bacterial and viral infections represent a major threat to WM/LPL patients. This was particularly true during the first years following diagnosis. Importantly, the risk of infections increased in more recent years. The effects on infectious complications due to novel drugs in the treatment of WM/LPL need to be better defined and trials on prophylactic measures are needed. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Lin, Yu-Ru, Tien-Wei Hsu, Che-Wei Hsu, Peng-Yu Chen, Ping-Tao Tseng, and Chih-Sung Liang. "Effectiveness of Electroencephalography Neurofeedback for Improving Working Memory and Episodic Memory in the Elderly: A Meta-Analysis." Medicina 60, no. 3 (February 22, 2024): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030369.
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Background and Objective: Existing evidence indicates the potential benefits of electroencephalography neurofeedback (NFB) training for cognitive function. This study aims to comprehensively review all available evidence investigating the effectiveness of NFB on working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM) in the elderly population. Material and Methods: A systematic search was conducted across five databases to identify clinical trials examining the impact of NFB on memory function in healthy elderly individuals or those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The co-primary outcomes focused on changes in WM and EM. Data synthesis was performed using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Fourteen clinical trials (n = 284) were included in the analysis. The findings revealed that NFB was associated with improved WM (k = 11, reported as Hedges’ g = 0.665, 95% confidence [CI] = 0.473 to 0.858, p < 0.001) and EM (k = 12, 0.595, 0.333 to 0.856, p < 0.001) in the elderly, with moderate effect sizes. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that NFB had a positive impact on both WM and EM, not only in the healthy population (WM: k = 7, 0.495, 0.213 to 0.778, p = 0.001; EM: k = 6, 0.729, 0.483 to 0.976, p < 0.001) but also in those with MCI (WM: k = 6, 0.812, 0.549 to 1.074, p < 0.001; EM: k = 6, 0.503, 0.088 to 0.919, p = 0.018). Additionally, sufficient training time (totaling more than 300 min) was associated with a significant improvement in WM (k = 6, 0.743, 0.510 to 0.976, p < 0.001) and EM (k = 7, 0.516, 0.156 to 0.876, p = 0.005); however, such benefits were not observed in groups with inadequate training time. Conclusions: The results suggest that NFB is associated with enhancement of both WM and EM in both healthy and MCI elderly individuals, particularly when adequate training time (exceeding 300 min) is provided. These findings underscore the potential of NFB in dementia prevention or rehabilitation.
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Asher, Lucas, and Jessica Hata. "Platelet Electron Microscopy: Utilizing LEAN Methodology to Optimize Laboratory Workflow." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 23, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1093526620915361.
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Background Platelet electron microscopy (PEM) is the gold standard methodology for diagnosing storage pool disorder, defined as a paucity of delta granules, alpha granules, or both. PEM literature is limited with few published resources and without well-developed interlaboratory standardization for the preparation and examination of platelet samples. Methods Whole mount (WM) dense body (DB) counts for 300 pediatric cases were reviewed to determine whether counting fewer platelets could yield the same results. For 6 cases, DB average was determined on the day of WM preparation and on 2 consecutive days. Both WM and thin section (TS) preparations were examined for all cases. Results Employing LEAN methodology, an algorithm was developed to markedly decrease the number of platelets counted and still ensure accurate results. WMs decay with time; a statistically significant difference in DB counts was noted between day 0 and day 1 ( p < .1). Twelve of 300 cases required both WM and TS preparations for a complete diagnosis. Conclusion It is possible to maintain accuracy and decrease 100 platelet DB counts by >75%. WMs must be counted on the day they are prepared to avoid false paucity of DB secondary to sample decay. An accurate evaluation of platelet morphology requires both the WM and TS techniques.
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Satrya, Aryana, and Ilham Kamal. "Improving employee Innovation Behavior for better future in Electrical Industry." Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies 4, no. 9 (September 26, 2024): 8069–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i9.16746.
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This study aimed to investigate and assess the effect of Proactive Personality (PP), Work Motivation (WM), Perceive Organizational Support (POS) on Innovative Work Behavior (IWB), with Work Engagement.acting as mediators. Questionnaires were used in this quantitative study, to obtain information from 300 employees, with subsequent analysis implementing the Structural Equation Model Lisrel 8.3. The results showed that IWB was significantly influenced by WM, POS,PP, WE. The results also showed WM, POS, PP significantly influenced WE. Moreover, WM, POS,PP significantly influenced IWB mediated by WE. This study investigated innovative work behavior that significantly and widely impacted by Perceive Organizational Support. It also provided a deeper comprehension of the employee characteristic in the industry like work motivaton, proactive personality, work engagement.
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Pavlakis, K. G., D. Hatzidimitriou, E. Drakakis, C. Matsoukas, A. Fotiadi, N. Hatzianastassiou, and I. Vardavas. "ENSO surface longwave radiation forcing over the tropical Pacific." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 6 (December 11, 2006): 12895–928. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-12895-2006.
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Abstract. We have studied the spatial and temporal variation of the surface longwave radiation (downwelling and net) over a 21-year period in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean (40 S–40 N, 90 E–75 W). The fluxes were computed using a deterministic model for atmospheric radiation transfer, along with satellite data from the ISCCP-D2 database and reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR (acronyms explained in main text), for the key atmospheric and surface input parameters. An excellent correlation was found between the downwelling longwave radiation (DLR) anomaly and the Niño-3.4 index time-series, over the Niño-3.4 region located in the central Pacific. A high anti-correlation was also found over the western Pacific (15–0 S, 105–130 E). There is convincing evidence that the time series of the mean downwelling longwave radiation anomaly in the western Pacific precedes that in the Niño-3.4 region by 3–4 months. Thus, the downwelling longwave radiation anomaly is a complementary index to the SST anomaly for the study of ENSO events and can be used to asses whether or not El Niño or La Niña conditions prevail. Over the Niño-3.4 region, the mean DLR anomaly values range from +20 Wm−2 during El Niño episodes to –20 Wm−2 during La Niña events, while over the western Pacific (15–0 S, 105–130 E) these values range from –15 Wm−2 to +10 Wm−2, respectively. The long- term average (1984–2004) distribution of the net surface longwave radiation to the surface over the tropical and subtropical Pacific for the three month period November-December-January shows a net thermal cooling of the ocean surface. When El Niño conditions prevail, the thermal radiative cooling in the central and south-eastern tropical Pacific becomes weaker by 10 Wm−2 south of the equator in the central Pacific (7–0 S, 160–120 W) for the three-month period of NDJ, because the DLR increase is larger than the increase in surface thermal emission. In contrast, the thermal radiative cooling over Indonesia is enhanced by 10 Wm−2 during the early (August–September–October) El Niño phase.
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Pavlakis, K. G., D. Hatzidimitriou, E. Drakakis, C. Matsoukas, A. Fotiadi, N. Hatzianastassiou, and I. Vardavas. "ENSO surface longwave radiation forcing over the tropical Pacific." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 8 (April 24, 2007): 2013–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2013-2007.
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Abstract. We have studied the spatial and temporal variation of the surface longwave radiation (downwelling and net) over a 21-year period in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean (40 S–40 N, 90 E–75 W). The fluxes were computed using a deterministic model for atmospheric radiation transfer, along with satellite data from the ISCCP-D2 database and reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR (acronyms explained in main text), for the key atmospheric and surface input parameters. An excellent correlation was found between the downwelling longwave radiation (DLR) anomaly and the Niño-3.4 index time-series, over the Niño-3.4 region located in the central Pacific. A high anti-correlation was also found over the western Pacific (15–0 S, 105–130 E). There is convincing evidence that the time series of the mean downwelling longwave radiation anomaly in the western Pacific precedes that in the Niño-3.4 region by 3–4 months. Thus, the downwelling longwave radiation anomaly is a complementary index to the SST anomaly for the study of ENSO events and can be used to asses whether or not El Niño or La Niña conditions prevail. Over the Niño-3.4 region, the mean DLR anomaly values range from +20 Wm−2 during El Niño episodes to −20 Wm−2 during La Niña events, while over the western Pacific (15–0 S, 105–130 E) these values range from −15 Wm−2 to +10 Wm−2, respectively. The long- term average (1984–2004) distribution of the net downwelling longwave radiation at the surface over the tropical and subtropical Pacific for the three month period November-December-January shows a net thermal cooling of the ocean surface. When El Niño conditions prevail, the thermal radiative cooling in the central and south-eastern tropical Pacific becomes weaker by 10 Wm−2 south of the equator in the central Pacific (7–0 S, 160–120 W) for the three-month period of NDJ, because the DLR increase is larger than the increase in surface thermal emission. In contrast, the thermal radiative cooling over Indonesia is enhanced by 10 Wm−2 during the early (August–September–October) El Niño phase.
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Castillo, Jorge J., and Steven P. Treon. "Management of Waldenström macroglobulinemia in 2020." Hematology 2020, no. 1 (December 4, 2020): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2020000121.
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Abstract The management of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) has evolved tremendously with recent genomic discoveries that correlate with clinical presentation and could help to tailor treatment approaches. The current diagnosis of WM requires clinicopathological criteria, including bone marrow involvement by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma cells, a serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal paraprotein, and presence of the MYD88 L265P mutation. Once the diagnosis is established, the relationship between the patient’s symptoms and WM should be carefully investigated, because therapy should be reserved for symptomatic patients. Bone marrow involvement and serum levels of IgM, albumin, and β2-microglobulin can be used to estimate the time until treatment initiation. The treatment of WM patients should be highly personalized, and the patient’s clinical presentation, comorbidities, genomic profile, and preferences, as well as toxicity of the treatment regimens, should be taken into account. Alkylating agents (bendamustine, cyclophosphamide), proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib, carfilzomib, ixazomib), anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, ofatumumab), and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib) are safe and highly effective treatment options in patients with WM. Because novel covalent and noncovalent BTK inhibitors (tirabrutinib, vecabrutinib, LOXO-305, ARQ-531), BCL2 antagonists (venetoclax), and CXCR4-targeting agents (ulocuplumab, mavorixafor) are undergoing clinical development in WM, the future of WM therapy certainly appears bright and hopeful.
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Kristinsson, Sigurdur Y., Magnus Björkholm, Lynn R. Goldin, Mary L. McMaster, Ingemar Turesson, and Ola Landgren. "Risk of lymphoproliferative disorders among first-degree relatives of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia patients: a population-based study in Sweden." Blood 112, no. 8 (October 15, 2008): 3052–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-06-162768.
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Abstract A role for genetic factors in the etiology of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM) is implicated based on prior findings from multiply affected families and small case-control and cohort studies. We identified 2144 LPL/WM patients (1539 WM [72%] and 605 LPL [28%]) diagnosed in Sweden, 8279 population-based matched controls, and linkable first-degree relatives of patients (n = 6177) and controls (n = 24 609). Using a marginal survival model, we calculated relative risks and 95% confidence intervals as measures of familial aggregation. We found first-degree relatives of LPL/WM patients to have 20-fold (4.1-98.4), 3.0-fold (2.0-4.4), 3.4-fold (1.7-6.6), and 5.0-fold (1.3-18.9) increased risks of developing LPL/WM, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), respectively. However, there was no evidence of an increased risk of developing multiple myeloma or Hodgkin lymphoma. In analyses stratified by type of first-degree relative (parent, sibling, offspring), age at diagnosis of the probands (greater or less than 70 years), and sex of the first-degree relative, we did not observe the risk estimates to be significantly different compared with the overall analyses. Our findings of highly increased risks of developing LPL/WM, NHL, CLL, and MGUS support the operation of shared susceptibility genes that predispose to LPL/WM and other lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Chen, Yen-Ting, Chung-Yu Peng, Mau-Sun Hua, Chen-Chung Liu, Hsin-Yi Chen, and Hai-Gwo Hwu. "Development and Psychometric Properties of the Taiwan Odd–Even Number Sequencing Test: A Nonalphabetic Measure of Working Memory." Assessment 25, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191116648769.
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Alphabetic working memory (WM) tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–III and IV Letter Number Sequencing, are not appropriate for nonalphabetic cultures. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Taiwan Odd–Even Number Sequencing Test (TOENST) and identified representative norms. The TOENST and other mental screening tasks were administered to 300 randomly selected healthy participants, 32 purposive sampling patients with schizophrenia, and 32 quota sampling controls. To investigate reliability and validity, a subset of the 300 healthy participants was randomly selected to receive a second TOENST ( n = 30) or conventional WM tests ( n = 42). The split-half reliability of the TOENST ranged from 0.69 to 0.95, and its test–retest reliability was 0.75. Criterion validity was demonstrated by significant correlations with conventional WM measures (all p < .05, except semantic verbal fluency), and construct validity was demonstrated by significant correlations with aging (main effect, F10,259 = 10.99, p < .001). Normative data were established, and performance was significantly associated with age and education. TOENST scores of patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower and correlated with frontal lobe tests, but not demographical or clinical characteristics. The TOENST has adequate psychometric properties and clinical utility and is as a viable alternative WM task for nonalphabetic cultures.
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Kristinsson, Sigurdur Y., Magnus Bjorkholm, Jill Koshiol, Lynn R. Goldin, Mary L. McMaster, Ingemar Turesson, and Ola Landgren. "Immune-Related and Inflammatory Conditions Likely Play a Role in the Development of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 3758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3758.3758.
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Abstract Introduction: Certain autoimmune and infectious conditions are associated with increased risks of subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). A few prior studies suggest that chronic immune stimulation may particularly elevate risk for the NHL subtype lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)/Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM). To improve our understanding on the role of immune-related and inflammatory conditions in LPL/WM pathogenesis, we conducted a large population-based study including close to 2,500 LPL/WM patients diagnosed in Sweden and almost 10,000 matched controls. Methods: Using both the central Cancer registry and local hospital-based registries, we identified all LPL/WM patients diagnosed in Swedish hospitals 1958–2005. From the Swedish Population Registry we identified four matched controls per LPL/WM patient. Through data linkage with the central Inpatient registry, we gathered information on hospital inpatient discharges that listed autoimmune-, infectious-, and other inflammatory/allergic diseases present at least 1 year prior to LPL/WM. Using Poisson regression, we calculated rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for categorical year of birth, date of diagnosis, gender, and county. Results: A total of 2,470 LPL/WM patients (647 LPL and 1,823 WM), and 9,698 population-based matched controls were included in the study. We found an increased risk of developing LPL/WM among individuals with a prior history of systemic sclerosis (RR=4.7; 1.4–15.3), Sjögren’s syndrome (RR=12.1; 3.3–45.0), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) (RR=24.2; 5.4–108.2), polymyalgia rheumatica (RR=2.9; 1.6–5.2), and temporalis arteritis (RR=8.3; 2.1–33.1). We also found excess risk of LPL/WM among persons with a history of pneumonia (RR=1.4; 1.1–1.7), septicaemia (RR=2.4; 1.2–4.3), pyelonephritis (RR=1.7; 1.1–2.5), sinusitis (RR=2.7; 1.4–4.9), herpes zoster (RR=3.4; 2.0–5.6), and influenza (RR=2.9; 1.7–5.0). Importantly, when we assessed the associations by latency (time between immune-related or inflammatory conditions and LPL/WM), for most autoimmune- and infectious diseases the excess LPL/WM risk remained significant at >5 years latency. We found no significant increased risk for LPL/WM among individuals with prior chronic inflammatory or allergic conditions. Conclusions: In the largest investigation of risk factors for LPL/WM to date, we found a personal history of certain autoimmune and infectious diseases to be associated with excess LPL/WM risk. Immune-related conditions might act as potential LPL/WM triggers or they could represent premalignant immune disruptions preceding LPL/WM. Our results provide novel insights into the as yet unclear pathogenesis of LPL/WM.
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Pavlakis, K. G., N. Hatzianastassiou, C. Matsoukas, A. Fotiadi, and I. Vardavas. "ENSO surface shortwave radiation forcing over the tropical Pacific." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 2 (April 7, 2008): 6697–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-6697-2008.
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Abstract. We have studied the spatial and temporal variation of the downward shortwave radiation (DSR) at the surface of the Earth during ENSO events for a 21-year period over the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean (40° S–40° N, 90° E–75° W). The fluxes were computed using a deterministic model for atmospheric radiation transfer, along with satellite data from the ISCCP-D2 database, reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR for the key atmospheric and surface input parameters, and aerosol parameters from GADS (acronyms explained in main text). A clear anti-correlation was found between the downward shortwave radiation anomaly (DSR-A) time-series, in the region 7° S–5° N 160° E-160° W located west of the Niño-3.4 region, and the Niño-3.4 index time-series. In this region where the highest in absolute value DSR anomalies are observed, the mean DSR anomaly values range from −45 Wm−2 during El Niño episodes to +40 Wm−2 during La Niña events. Within the Niño-3.4 region no significant DSR anomalies are observed during the cold ENSO phase in contrast to the warm ENSO phase. A high correlation was also found over the western Pacific (10° S–5° N, 120–140° E), where the mean DSR anomaly values range from +20 Wm−2 to −20 Wm−2 during El Niño and La Niña episodes, respectively. There is also convincing evidence that the time series of the mean downward shortwave radiation anomaly in the north subtropical Pacific region 7–15° N 150–170° E, precedes the Niño-3.4 index time-series by about 7 months. Thus, the downward shortwave radiation anomaly is a complementary index to the SST anomaly for the study of ENSO events and can be used to assess whether or not El Niño or La Niña conditions prevail.
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Hu, Ling Jing, Long Zheng Tong, Yun Yun Duan, and Bo Wu. "Comparison of the Unified Segmentation Method and the New Segmentation Method on Detection of Grey Matter and White Matter Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Voxel-Based Morphometry." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 1189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.1189.
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Voxel-based morphometry method (VBM) has been widely applied to detect the brain atrophy and achieved promising results; however, the effect of the segmentation step in VBM is not clear and the new segmentation method in SPM8 hasn’t been used in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the locations and degrees of grey matter (GM), white matter (WM) atrophy and evaluate the results derived from two segmentation methods. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was collected in 16 AD patients and 16 healthy controls (HC). Using two segmentation methods respectively, several reduction clusters of GM and WM were detected but the locations and degrees of reduction volumes were discrepant resulted from different segmentation methods. Our results suggest that VBM is an effective tool to analyze AD brain atrophy and based on VBM, the comparison of the locations and degrees of volume reduction among AD researches through different segmentation methods should be cautious.
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Wells, N. C., S. A. Josey, and R. E. Hadfield. "Towards closure of regional heat budgets in the North Atlantic using Argo floats and surface flux datasets." Ocean Science 5, no. 2 (April 22, 2009): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-5-59-2009.
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Abstract. The upper ocean heat budget (0–300 m) of the North Atlantic from 20°–60° N is investigated using data from Argo profiling floats for 1999–2005 and the NCEP/NCAR and NOC surface flux datasets. Estimates of the different terms in the budget (heat storage, advection, diffusion and surface exchange) are obtained using the methodology developed by Hadfield et al. (2007a, b). The method includes optimal interpolation of the individual profiles to produce gridded fields with error estimates at a 10°×10° grid box resolution. Closure of the heat budget is obtained within the error estimates for some regions – particularly the eastern subtropical Atlantic – but not for those boxes that include the Gulf Stream. Over the whole range considered, closure is obtained for 13 (9) out of 20 boxes with the NOC (NCEP/NCAR) surface fluxes. The seasonal heat budget at 20–30° N, 35–25° W is considered in detail. Here, the NCEP based budget has an annual mean residual of −55±35 Wm−2 compared with a NOC based value of −4±35 Wm−2. For this box, the net heat divergence of 36 Wm−2 (Ekman=−4 Wm−2, geostrophic=11 Wm−2, diffusion=29 Wm−2) offsets the net heating of 32 Wm−2 from the NOC surface heat fluxes. The results in this box are consistent with an earlier evaluation of the fluxes using measurements from research buoys in the subduction array which revealed biases in NCEP but good agreement of the buoy values with the NOC fields.
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Yu, Ying, Yuting Yan, Jun Wang, Wenjie Xiong, Yao Yao, Yanshan Huang, Rui Lyu, et al. "The Incidence, Clinical Application and Prognostic Significance of MYD88 and CXCR4 Mutation in Chinese Patients with Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/ Waldenström Macroglobulinemia." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 6089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-188786.
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Introduction Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM)/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a rare B-cell lymphoma with prevalent somatic mutations, including MYD88 and CXCR4. However, their mutation rates in Chinese LPL/WM and the comparison of different detection methods remain unclear. Moreover, the clinical implications of MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations in the immunochemotherapy and targeted therapy eras need exploration. Methods This study included 458 LPL/WM patients (418 WM, 40 non-IgM LPL) from December 2014 to June 2023. Four methods, such as Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing (NGS), allele-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR), and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), were used to detect MYD88L265P and CXCR4 mutations. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, tumor burden, cytogenetic abnormalities, treatment regimens, and survival data were collected. Results A total of 458 patients were assessed for MYD88 L265P mutation, of whom 266 were tested by Sanger sequencing, 300 by NGS, 370 for AS-PCR, 251 for ddPCR. The MYD88 L265P mutation was found in 398/458 (86.9%) of the patients. AS-PCR and ddPCR showed the highest sensitivity (97.2% and 96.5%, respectively), outperforming Sanger sequencing and NGS, which had higher false-negative rates in low tumor load patients. A high false-negative rate for MYD88 by Sanger sequencing and NGS was observed in patients with tumor burden less than 10% (40.0% and 21.9% respectively). There was no significant difference in the MYD88 mutation rate detected by ddPCR and ASPCR among patients with different tumor burden groups (P=0.402, P=0.252). MYD88 mutation was detected in a high incidence of 86.7% and 85.5% in less than 1% infiltrated WM tumor cells specimens by ddPCR and ASPCR. Thus, ddPCR and ASPCR assay were effective and accurate enough for un-sorted low infiltrated WM specimens. CXCR4 mutation testing was performed in 428 patients of LPL/WM, comprising 311 with Sanger sequencing, 300 with NGS, and 371 with AS-PCR. Overall, 31.8% (136/428) patients were identified as having the CXCR4 mutation. NGS exhibited the highest sensitivity (79.2%) among the three detection means. Among the 458 patients of LPL/WM, 60 (13.1%) were classified as MYD88 wild-type patients. MYD88 wild-type patients had a significantly lower hemoglobin levels (median 83g/L vs. 92g/L, P=0.044), lower proportion of males (56.7% vs. 72.5%, P=0.012) and a significantly higher proportion elevated β2-macroglobulin (81.5% vs. 68.5%, P=0.027), and lactic dehydrogenase (32.2% vs. 11.1%, P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in either PFS or OS between MYD88 L265P wild-type and MYD88 L265P mutation group (PFS: median 35.7 months vs. 52.9 months, P=0.40; OS: 5-year rate 72.0% vs. 81.8%, P=0.62). MYD88 wild-type patients had worse PFS and post-BTKi failure-free survival under immunochemotherapy (median 34.3 months vs. 58.4 months, P=0.03), and BTKi regimens (median: 26.2 months vs. 45.2 months, P=0.02), respectively. Patients with CXCR4 mutation tended to be older (median 64 vs. 60, P=0.001), had lower hemoglobin levels (median 83g/L vs. 94g/L, P=0.008), and higher baseline BM involvement (by FCM, median 12.6% vs. 6.2%, P<0.001) compared with CXCR4 wild-type patients. The proportion of patients with thrombocytopenia (43.7% vs. 20.6%, P<0.001), serum IgM level more than 40g/L (47.4% vs. 34.6%, P=0.019) was significantly higher, the proportion of patients with low risk profile of IPSSWM (17.2% vs. 30.5%, P=0.007) was significantly lower in mutation group. Notably, CXCR4 mutation group had significantly worse survival compared with the wild-type group (PFS: median 40.5 months vs. 62.5 months, P=0.024; OS: median 103.8 months vs. not reached, P=0.022). Meanwhile, patients with CXCR4 mutation experienced inferior post-BTKi failure-free survival (median 30.4 months vs. 57.6 months, P=.04) and post-BTKi overall survival (3-year rate 71.9% vs. 84.9%, P=0.03) in BTKi therapy groups. Conclusions This study sheds light on MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations in Chinese WM/LPL based on a large cohort. AS-PCR and ddPCR were highly sensitive for MYD88 mutation detection, especially in low infiltrated WM. NGS was the most sensitive method for detecting CXCR4 mutation. MYD88 mutation had prognostic significance in BTKi-based therapy, while CXCR4 mutation indicated higher tumor burden and inferior survival in BTKi-based therapy.
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Neupane, Rajendra, Hari Ram Krishna Gauli, and Krishna Bahadur Rai. "Average Intensity and Wavelength of the Emitted Radiations from Earth Surface with Error Analysis." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v21i2.62354.
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This research finds the spectrum and the net intensity of the emitted radiations from the earth surface at different temperatures of 273, 283, 293, 303, 313, and 323 K. The intensity of the radiations emitted from the surface varies by 272.013 Wm-2 between 273 K and 323 K surface temperatures at emissivity 0.9. The average intensity for emissivity 0.9 is 410.405 Wm-2, with a standard deviation of 101.94 Wm-2 and standard error 41.616. The calculated mean emitted flux is found 8.9482 W/m2/sr/µm for 0.9 emissivity. At emissivity of 0.96, the desert emits radiation with an average intensity of 437.77 Wm-2 having standard deviation 108.708 Wm-2 and standard error 44.379. These large values of standard deviation and standard error are due to the large difference between any two adjacent values of intensity of the emitted radiations. Standard error comparisons between the emissivity calculations of 0.9 and 0.96 show that the intensity in emissivity 0.9 is more appropriate than the intensity in emissivity 0.96 in determining the average value of intensity of emitted radiations. The difference between the calculated and standard values for the average intensity of radiation radiated from the earth’s surface is about 17%.
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Hidayati, A. N., A. Waris, A. P. A. Mustari, D. Irwanto, and N. A. Aprianti. "The molten wood’s metal initial velocity variations effect on breaching simulation by MPS method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2072, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2072/1/012006.
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Abstract Series of MPS simulations have been conducted using two-dimensional geometry. The simulation was based on Sudha’s experiment (2018) about initial velocity variations on molten Wood’s Metal (WM). The molten WM would be flowed through nozzle with the diameter was 6 mm. It would impinge to the Woods Metal Plate (WMP) which 270 mm below the nozzle. The WMP diameter was 470 mm. The temperature of molten WM and WMP were set at 573 K and 300 K, respectively. The initial velocity of molten WM was varied at 0.327 m/s, 0.397 m/s, 0.498 m/s in the y-negative direction. The simulation was calculated by using 2D MPS with additional procedures such as heat transfer calculation and defining a new type of wall particle. The results showed some different spread patterns, leading edge and phase fraction change for each initial velocity. It can be concluded that with varying the initial velocity will affect on the radial spread pattern but not so much effect occurs on the phase volume fraction change.
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Huston-Cravens, Jacob, Maria Elena Fierro, Qianqian Liu, Joel Michalek, and Adolfo Enrique Diaz Duque. "What differences in outcomes exist in Hispanic patients being treated for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and waldenstrom macroglobulinemia?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e19541-e19541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e19541.
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e19541 Background: Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma (LPL) and Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) are both rare diseases with little known about their longterm outcomes in ethnic minorities. Overall, the 5- and 10-year survival of this disease has improved over the last 60 years (Blood, PMID: 24948623), but few studies have explored outcomes in Hispanic (HI) patients. We analyzed demographics, treatment patterns and outcomes in patients diagnosed with LPL and WM comparing HI and Non-Hispanics (NH) in the US. Methods: Data was analyzed on LPL and WM patients in the US reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) analyzing patient characteristics, age-adjusted incidence rate, and survival rate among HI and NH patients. Results: HI were diagnosed at a younger median age on both LPL and WM cohorts compared to NH (p <0.001). There was a higher percentage of HI patients diagnosed with LPL and WM before the age of 60 compared to that of NH (p <0.001). Regarding race of patients with LPL, most of both HI and NH patients identified as whites (94% vs 86%), followed by blacks (2% vs 6%). Regarding stage, a majority of both HI (50%) and NH (60%) patients diagnosed with LPL were Stage IV. In terms of radiation, 7% of HI patients with LPL received it, compared to 4% of NH patients (p=0.027). On survival analysis for LPL patients, the survival probability at 2, 5 and 10 years (y) of HI vs NH were similar. There was not an OS difference favoring HI/NH (p=0.49). On survival analysis for WM patients, the survival probability at 2, 5 and 10 y of HI vs NH were similar. The median survival time for patients with WM was similar between HI and NH patients and there was not OS difference favoring HI vs NH (p=0.16). On multivariate analysis for LPL and WM, those diagnosed over the age of 80 had worse OS compared to those younger than 60 (95% CI; 4.8-8.1 and 2-3.4, respectively). No OS benefit when adjusting for stage was observed for either LPL or WM. Conclusions: In LPL and WM patients HI patients were diagnosed at younger ages compared to NH for both LPL and WM, and more likely to be diagnosed before the age of 60. The median survival rates were similar between HI and NH patients diagnosed with both LPL and WM. These findings may be confounded by earlier diagnosis in HI patients; however, further studies are needed exploring biological ethnic differences to explain early diagnosis in LPL and WM among HI.
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Khashawi, F. "Verbal and visual-spatial working memory performance in Arabic monolingual and English/Arabic bilingual Kuwaiti children." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1323.
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IntroductionResearch in psycholinguistics focusing on cognitive processing in bilinguals and the role played by working memory about cognitive processing indicated that Working Memory (WM) was instrumental in cognitive processing in bilinguals, but that its role was different and generally more complex than it was in monolinguals. However, the specific manner in which the use of WM differed between monolinguals and bilinguals was not always clear.ObjectivesThis research explored the verbal and visual-spatial WM performance in an Arabic monolingual group and a bilingual English/Arabic group.MethodsThe participants were 396 Kuwaiti (198 monolingual aged 7.99 ± 1.97 years and 198 bilingual aged 8.03 ± 1.92) with no significant age differences (t = 0.23, P > 0.05). The two groups were compared on how they performed in the Automated Working Memory Assessment (AWMA), to measure a verbal and visual-spatial WM tasks. The tasks were Listening Recall, Counting Recall, Mr. X, Backward Digit Recall, Odd-one-out and Spatial Span. All tasks were internally consistent (Alpha = 0.91, 0.93, 0.87, 0.88, 0.87, and 0.91 respectively). The data was analyzed using Independent Sample t Test.ResultsThe findings showed that there was significant group difference as the monolingual Arabic group (L1) performed better than bilingual English/Arabic group (L2) on both of verbal WM (t = 3.25, P < 0.002) and visuospatial WM (t = 3.04, P < 0.002).ConclusionThe monolingual children obtained higher scores on both verbal and visuospatial WM. These findings were explained in terms of the complexity of the Arabic language and cultural context in which the second language is being practiced. This warrants further investigation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Pavlakis, K. G., N. Hatzianastassiou, C. Matsoukas, A. Fotiadi, and I. Vardavas. "ENSO surface shortwave radiation forcing over the tropical Pacific." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 18 (September 18, 2008): 5565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5565-2008.
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Abstract. We have studied the spatial and temporal variation of the downward shortwave radiation (DSR) at the surface of the Earth during ENSO events for a 21-year period over the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean (40° S–40° N, 90° E–75° W). The fluxes were computed using a deterministic model for atmospheric radiation transfer, along with satellite data from the ISCCP-D2 database, reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR for the key atmospheric and surface input parameters, and aerosol parameters from GADS (acronyms explained in main text). A clear anti-correlation was found between the downward shortwave radiation anomaly (DSR-A) time-series, in the region 7° S–5° N 160° E–160° W located west of the Niño-3.4 region, and the Niño-3.4 index time-series. In this region where the highest in absolute value DSR anomalies are observed, the mean DSR anomaly values range from −45 Wm−2 during El Niño episodes to +40 Wm−2 during La Niña events. Within the Niño-3.4 region no significant DSR anomalies are observed during the cold ENSO phase in contrast to the warm ENSO phase. A high correlation was also found over the western Pacific (10° S–5° N, 120–140° E), where the mean DSR anomaly values range from +20 Wm−2 to −20 Wm−2 during El Niño and La Niña episodes, respectively. There is also convincing evidence that the time series of the mean downward shortwave radiation anomaly in the off-equatorial western Pacific region 7–15° N 150–170° E, precedes the Niño-3.4 index time-series by about 7 months and the pattern of this anomaly is indicative of ENSO operating through the mechanism of the western Pacific oscillator. Thus, the downward shortwave radiation anomaly is a complementary index to the SST anomaly for the study of ENSO events and can be used to assess whether or not El Niño or La Niña conditions prevail.
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Nguyen, Chi, Halenya Monticelli, Tom Kruitwagen, Matteo Tardelli, Barbara Maierhofer, Thalia Martins Rebelo, Sabine Maier-Munsa, et al. "Abstract 6093: Mavorixafor enhances efficacy of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors by overcoming the protective effect of bone marrow stroma on tumor cells in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 6093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-6093.
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Abstract Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare B-cell malignancy characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) hypersecretion and invasion of B cells in the bone marrow (BM) and lymphoid tissues. >90% of WM cases show mutations in MYD88 and 30-40% show mutations in the carboxyl terminus of CXCR4.The CXCR4/CXCL12 axis is crucial for the homing/retention of WM cells in the BM. Emerging clinical trial data (NCT04274738; ongoing) suggest that mavorixafor, a CXCR4 antagonist, in combination with ibrutinib results in clinically meaningful changes in levels of IgM and hemoglobin in patients with MYD88L265P CXCR4WHIM WM. However, the effects of mavorixafor with ibrutinib and other Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors on WM cells harboring only the single mutation (MYD88L265P without CXCR4 mutation) have not been evaluated. This study was designed to test the ability of mavorixafor to sensitize WM cells carrying MYD88L265P CXCR4WT to BTK inhibitors in a WM/BM stromal cell (BMSC) co-culture model. The effects of mavorixafor on Ca2+ mobilization, cell migration, and adhesion to BMSC were also measured. WM cells (MWCL-1 cell line, MYD88L265PCXCR4WT) pretreated with mavorixafor and BTK inhibitors (ibrutinib, zanubrutinib, evobrutinib, LOXO-305, ARQ 531) were co-cultured with established BMSCs (HS27a cells). Cell viability, apoptosis, and IgM release were measured after 72 hours. BTK inhibitors, but not mavorixafor, decreased tumor cell viability and increased apoptosis of WM cells in the absence of BMSCs. Co-culture with BMSCs enhanced CXCR4 expression and protected WM cells from the effects of BTK inhibitors. BMSCs also significantly increased IgM secretion 2- to 5-fold compared with WM cells grown in the absence of BMSCs. Mavorixafor alone inhibited CXCL12-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization and migration of WM cells and disrupted the adhesion of WM cells to BMSCs. Combination of mavorixafor with BTK inhibitors overcame the protective effect of BMSCs on tumor cells, decreasing cell viability and/or increasing apoptosis compared with BTK inhibitors alone. Mavorixafor also reduced IgM secretion, which was further decreased when combined with BTK inhibitors.This study is the first to show in vitro that the protection of WM cells against BTK inhibitors conferred by BMSCs can be overcome by inhibition of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis. The observations and responses to mavorixafor suggest a contribution of CXCR4WT to the pathogenicity of WM cells carrying only the MYD88L265P mutation. Mavorixafor addition enhanced the efficacy of not only ibrutinib but the other BTK inhibitors tested, supporting the greater potential of this combination therapeutic strategy in WM patients with or without CXCR4WHIM mutations. Further studies using additional WM cell lines and/or primary patient cells are warranted to support these findings. Citation Format: Chi Nguyen, Halenya Monticelli, Tom Kruitwagen, Matteo Tardelli, Barbara Maierhofer, Thalia Martins Rebelo, Sabine Maier-Munsa, Katarina Zmajkovicova, Lukas Dillinger, Adriana Badarau, Arthur G. Taveras. Mavorixafor enhances efficacy of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors by overcoming the protective effect of bone marrow stroma on tumor cells in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6093.
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Lewicki, Megan, Bryan Ciccarelli, Zachary Hunter, Philip Brodsky, Robert Manning, Christina Hanzis, Christopher Patterson, Patricia Sheehy, and Steven P. Treon. "Comprehensive Assessment of Cytokines and Chemokines In Patients with Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Reveals a Distinct Profile with Pathobiological and Clinical Relevance." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1911.1911.
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Abstract Abstract 1911 Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell lymphoplasmacytic disorder characterized by elevated clonal IgM secretion and bone marrow infiltration. Dysregulation of plasma cytokines and chemokines have been described in related malignancies, though large scale comparative efforts to WM have been limited. We therefore evaluated the levels of 20 cytokines, 27 chemokines, and soluble CD27 (sCD27) given the putative memory B-cell origin of WM in peripheral blood derived plasma obtained from 54 patients with WM, 31 patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM), and 37 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay and the Bender instant soluble CD27 ELISA. Twenty-six age-matched normal donors (ND) were used as controls. Among WM patients, we detected significantly higher levels of the cytokines IL-1Rα (p<0.001), IL-5 (p=0.009), IL-6 (p=0.017), IL-8 (p<0.001), IL-10 (p<0.001), IL-17 (p<0.001), INFg (p=0.022) and GM-CSF (p<0.001), as well as the chemokines CCL2 (p<0.001), CCL3 (p<0.001), and CXCL8 (p<0.001). IL-2 (p<0.001), IL-9 (p< 0.001), IL-15 (p < 0.001), FGF2 (p<0.001), and sCD27 (p<0.001) levels were also significantly increased, while IL-7 levels were decreased (p<0.001). The same pattern of up and down-regulation was also detected in MM and MGUS, suggesting these diseases share some pathophysiological characteristics. In distinction, we observed decreased levels of CCL11 (p<0.02) and RANTES <0.02) only among WM patients in comparison to MM, MGUS, and NDs. Taken together, these data highlight similarities and differences in cytokine and chemokine profile for WM patients, which may be relevant to WM pathogenesis (Figure 1). In addition, sCD27 was associated with several clinical markers, notably correlating negatively with B2M (rho = -0.42, p = 0.016) and positively with CD8+ T-cell percentage (rho = 0.44, p < 0.001). sCD27 was also increased 1.9 fold in WM patients with a familial history of psoriasis (p = 0.021, n = 6). Among the cytokines and chemokines, GM-CSF was decreased 1.7 fold in the presence of lymphadenopathy (p = 0.003, n = 15), and IL-7 and CXCL10 were both increased in the four previously treated patients (fold = 5.5, p = 0.005; fold = 3.4, p = 0.003). In conclusion, there is significant cytokine, chemokine, and soluble CD27 dysregulation in WM, MM, and MGUS corresponding to important clinical correlations in WM. In addition to B-cell regulation, several of these dysregulations are also involved in T-cell regulation, signifying a need for further understanding of T-cell involvement in WM. These data demonstrate that further investigation of cytokine involvement in the pathogenesis and prognosis of these diseases is warranted. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Yekinni, Oyedeji T., Temitope A. Ladigbolu, Rhoda T. Adeniyi, and Sola J. Oluwasusi. "Information and Communication Technologies Usage among Agricultural Students of Tertiary Institutions in Southwest of Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i1.1.
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The study examined information and communication technologies usage among agricultural students of tertiary institution in Southwest of Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 300 agricultural students from tertiary institutions. Structured questionnaire was employed to elicit information on students’ socioeconomic characteristics, availability of ICTs, accessibility and purposes of ICTs usage. Data were subjected to percentage, chi-square, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and the Analysis of variance at p=0.05. Findings revealed that the most available ICTs among students were internet and mobile phone (95.0%) respectivelywhile they had access to mobile phone (Weighted Mean (WM)=0.58) and radio (WM=0.51), they used ICTs for information (WM=0.77), academics (WM=0.70) and entertainment (WM=0.70) purposes; with high level of availability (71.0%), access (56.7%) and ICTs usage purpose (51.3%) respectively. There were significant relationships between respondents’ monthly stipend (r=0.200), state of institution (χ2=8.000), religion (χ2=222.660), marital status (χ2=211.680), category of students’ programme (χ2= 320.4608), type of institution (χ2=56.000) and their purposes for using ICTs but with a significant difference across the states (F=23.821; p=0.00). Students used ICTs for information, academic and entertainment purposes based on their age and type of their institutions. Since ICTs are used for beneficial purposes, it is recommended that ICTs should be adapted, applied and incorporated into tertiary institutions’ curricula across the nation.
Keywords: ICTs usage, undergraduate students, entertainment purposes, mobile phone, tertiary institutions.
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Munshi, Manit, Xia Liu, Amanda Kofides, Nickolas Tsakmaklis, Joshua Gustine, Shayna Sarosiek, Catherine A. Flynn, et al. "Pirtobrutinib (LOXO-305) Is Active and Overcomes ERK Related Pro-Survival Signaling in Ibrutinib Resistant, BTK Cys481 Mutant Expressing WM and ABC DLBCL Lymphoma Cells Driven By Activating MYD88 Mutations." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153856.
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Abstract MYD88 mutations are common in B-cell malignancies including Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) and ABC subtype of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (ABC DLBCL). Mutated MYD88 activates BTK, and triggers downstream pro-survival signaling that includes NF-kB and ERK (Yang et al, Blood 2013; Blood 2016). ERK related signaling triggers inflammatory cytokine production including IL-6 and IL-10 (Chen et al, Blood 2016). Ibrutinib covalently binds to BTK Cys481 and inactivates BTK and downstream NF-kB and ERK signaling. Ibrutinib is approved for the treatment of WM and is associated with high overall response rates (>90%) and long term progression free survival in WM though intolerance to therapy, as well as resistance related to acquired BTK Cys481 mutations frequently leads to treatment discontinuation. We therefore investigated a novel, non-covalent BTK-inhibitor, pirtobrutinib that binds to BTK at non-Cys481 amino acids (G473-K483). Pirtobrutinib showed highly selective anti-proliferative activity against MYD88 mutated WM (BCWM.1, MWCL-1) and ABC DLBCL (TMD-8 and HBL-1) versus MYD88 wild-type (OCI-Ly7, OCI-Ly19, Ramos, and RPMI-8226) cells, with marked apoptotic effect exhibited against primary MYD88 mutated WM cells at pharmacologically achievable levels (100-500 nM). Importantly, pirtobrutinib blocked BTK activity and overcame ibrutinib resistance in BCWM.1 WM and TMD-8 ABC DLBCL cells transduced to express both wild-type and mutated BTK (BTK Cys481Ser) with similar efficacy. The downstream signaling consequences of pirtobrutinib in vector only, wild-type and mutant BTK Cys481 expressing BCWM.1, MWCL-1, TMD-8 and HBL-1 cells was also examined. Treatment of vector only and wild-type BTK Cys481 expressing WM and ABC DLBCL cells with ibrutinib or pirtobrutinib abrogated both p-BTK and p-ERK signaling. In contrast, only pirtobrutinib blocked p-BTK and p-ERK signaling in mutant BTK Cys481 expressing WM and ABC DLBCL cells. In previous studies, we showed that inflammatory cytokine production that included IL-6 and IL-10 driven by ERK triggered ibrutinib resistance in wild-type BTK Cys481 MYD88 mutated lymphoma cells co-cultured with their mutated BTK expressing counterparts (Chen et al, BLOOD 2018). ERK-driven cytokine resistance to ibrutinib was postulated to explain how disease progression occurs in patients with modest variant expression of mutated BTK Cys481 (Woyach et al, JCO 2017; Xu et al, Blood 2017). Co-culture of BTK Cys481 mutated expressing TMD-8 cells with wild-type BTK expressing TMD-8 cells triggered resistance of the latter to ibrutinib. Treatment with pirtobrutinib blocked IL-6 and IL-10 production and overcame the protective effects conferred by BTK Cys481 mutated TMD-8 cells in these experiments. Lastly, oral administration of pirtobrutinib blocked p-BTK and p-ERK in BTK Cys481 mutated TMD-8 tumors xenografted in mice. Our findings therefore show that pirtobrutinib inhibits growth of MYD88 mutated lymphoma cells in a highly selective manner and can trigger apoptosis of primary WM patient BM lymphoplasmacytic cells at levels comparable to ibrutinib. Moreover, pirtobrutinib effectively blocked mutated BTK Cys481 driven BTK and ERK1/2 activation and produced similar cellular efficacy in both BTK wild-type and BTK Cys481 mutated cells. Pirtobrutinib also blocked the protective effect conferred to BTK wild-type cells through paracrine cytokines released by BTK Cys481Ser expressing cells. Lastly, pirtobrutinib blocked BTK and ERK1/2 activation in TMD8-BTK Cys481Ser xenografted mice. The findings support the development of pirtobrutinib in MYD88 driven lymphomas, including those resistant to ibrutinib on the bases of BTK Cys481 mutations. Disclosures Branagan: Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy; BeiGene: Consultancy; CSL Behring: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Sanofi Genzyme: Consultancy. Castillo: Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding; BeiGene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding. Yang: Blueprint Medicines Corporations: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company. Treon: BeiGene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Eli Lily: Research Funding; Abbvie/Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Wang, Jun, Yuting Yan, Wenjie Xiong, Ge Song, Yi Wang, Zhen Yu, Ying Yu, et al. "The Landscape of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene Repertoire in Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma / Waldenström Macroglobulinemia." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-149397.
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Abstract Introduction Immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable genes (IGHV) is critical for the defining epitope binding affinityand B cell differentiation. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM) is a heterogeneous diseasewhose role of IGHV usage remains unknown. Besides, the clinical relevance of IGHV repertoire for LPL/WM remain largely unexplored. The aim of our study is to explore the IGH repertoire of LPL/WM in by far the largest series, and to evaluate the correlation between IGH rearrangements and genetic aberrations and clinical characteristics of LPL/WM patients. Methods A total of 162 patients with a diagnosis of LPL/WM were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)amplification of IGHV-IGHD-IGHJ was performed on genomic DNA or cDNA samples using the IGH Somatic Hypermutation Assay v2.0 (Invivoscribe, Technologies, San Diego, US). Sequences were aligned to IMGT (http://www.imgt.org/IMGT_vquest/vquest) and IGBLAST (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/igblast/) databases. IGH gene repertoires, mutation status, IGHV CDR3 characteristics, genetic aberrations, MYD88 mutation status and clinical characteristics were collected to evaluate the relevance. Results Productive IGHV-D-J rearrangements were obtained in 136 out of 162 patients (84.0%). The IGHV gene repertoire was remarkably biased in LPL/WM. IGHV3-23 (15.4%), IGHV4-34 (10.3%), IGHV3-7 (8.1%), IGHV3-30 (7.4%) and IGHV3-74 (7.4%) were significantly overrepresented in LPL/WM(Figure 1). Among the 134 IGHD data, the most frequent segment was IGHD3-10 (21/134, 15.7%), followed by IGHD6-13 (18/134, 13.4%) (Figure 2). Among the 134 IGHJ data, IGHJ4 segment was selected in more than half of these rearrangements (70/136; 51.5%), followed by IGHJ6 (23/136; 16.9%) and IGHJ5 (21/136; 15.4%) (Figure 3). Most of the cases were mutated (97.0%) using a 98% IGHV germline homology cutoff. IGHV3-30 was associated with long heavy chain CDR3, indicating the specific antigen selection in LPL/WM. Patients with IGHV3-7 were significantly more likely to harbor 6q deletion (p<0.001)(Figure 4) and abnormal karyotype (p=0.004)(Figure 5).The IGHV hypermutation rate in patients with MYD88 L265P mutation was significantly higher than in wild-type patients (7.3% vs5.6%, p=0.009). IGHV3-23 and IGHV3-74 segments were more frequently detected in MYD88 mutated LPL/WM patients (25.7% vs. 4.3%, p=0.025). IGHV3-7 and IGHV4-59 were represented more in MYD88 wildtype patients (30.4% vs. 8.9%，p=0.005). Moreover, Patients with IGHV4 especially IGHV4-34 had higher level of LDH. IGHV4 was a prognostic marker of shorter progression-free-survival (Figure 6). Conclusion LPL/WM appears to be composed ofdifferent subgroups based on the IGHV repertoire. The mutational status and the IGHV CDR3 length indicated the role for antigenselection in LPL/WM development. The presence of IGHV4 genes proved to be a potential risk factor associated with outcome which deserved further study.These results showed for the first time that IGHV repertoire had clinical relevance in LPL/WM. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Wang: AbbVie: Consultancy; Astellas Pharma, Inc.: Research Funding.
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Illam, Shashonk, and Lauren L. Bennett. "14 The Moderating Effects of Working Memory on Sex and Nonverbal Learning and Memory Among Elderly Adults." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (November 2023): 531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723006859.
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Objective:Previous research evidences men, on average, perform better than women on nonverbal tasks. Conversely, literature evidences women, on average, perform better on memory tasks. Proposed explanations for this discrepancy include, increased parietal lobe volume to hormonal differences. Some research also suggests men have greater working memory (WM) abilities than women on tasks involving holding visual information. As such, it is possible more robust WM performance in men may translate to better performance on nonverbal tasks with an immediate and delayed visual memory component. The current study examined if WM performance moderates the relationship between sex and nonverbal learning and memory in a community clinic population of older adults referred for cognitive concerns.Participants and Methods:Data was drawn from archival medical records of patients who underwent neuropsychological assessment in an outpatient, community clinic after being referred for cognitive concerns in the context of a variety of neurodegenerative and neurological conditions. Records of patients between the ages of 65 and 91 who completed the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT-R) and WAIS-IV Digit Span (DS) were selected from the broader clinic sample of patients seen between 2019 and 2022. The total sample consisted of 302 older adults with a mean age of 75.11 (SD=6.06) and an average of 15.54 years of education (SD=2.51); 145 (48%) were women. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the effects of sex, WM, and the interaction between sex and WM on BVMT learning and memory scores, while controlling for age and education. An independent samples t-test was also computed to examine sex differences on DS working memory scores.Results:The optimal linear combination of sex, WM, and the interaction between sex and WM accounted for 24.7% of the variance in BVMT total learning scores (F(5, 296)=20.79, p>0.05). There were no significant main effects of sex or the interaction between sex and WM on nonverbal learning or nonverbal memory (p>0.05). However, a strong trend was observed for the effect of sex on nonverbal memory (B=-0.69, t(5)=-1.91, p=0.057). A main effect of WM on nonverbal learning (B=0.42, 95% CI [0.25, 0.59], p<0.05) and memory (B=0.21, 95% CI [0.12, 0.29], p<0.05) was observed. Sex differences on WM measures were not observed (p>0.05).Conclusions:Significant main effects of sex on nonverbal learning and memory were not found, though strong trends were observed between sex and nonverbal memory performance. While the relationships between WM and nonverbal learning and memory were trending toward significance, the predicted sex differences on WM performance were not found. The trend toward significance observed between sex and nonverbal memory may be the “carryover” effect from ancillary spatial skills that prior research has shown to be more robust amongst men, including mental rotation and visual construction. Findings from the current study align with the BVMT-R technical manual, which reported no significant contribution from sex in any learning or recall scores within their normative sample.
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Bo, Lin, Fujin Li, Yangbo Hou, Min Zuo, and Degang Zhao. "Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Cu2Se via Nanostructure and Compositional Gradient." Nanomaterials 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12040640.
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Forming co-alloying solid solutions has long been considered as an effective strategy for improving thermoelectric performance. Herein, the dense Cu2−x(MnFeNi)xSe (x = 0–0.09) with intrinsically low thermal conductivity was prepared by a melting-ball milling-hot pressing process. The influences of nanostructure and compositional gradient on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Cu2Se were evaluated. It was found that the thermal conductivity decreased from 1.54 Wm−1K−1 to 0.64 Wm−1K−1 at 300 K via the phonon scattering mechanisms caused by atomic disorder and nano defects. The maximum zT value for the Cu1.91(MnFeNi)0.09Se sample was 1.08 at 750 K, which was about 27% higher than that of a pristine sample.
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Aljawai, Yosra, Serena McDiarmid, Joseph Cappuccio, Federico Campigotto, Steven Peter Treon, Edie A. Weller, Brenda M. Birmann, and Irene M. Ghobrial. "A Case-Control Epidemiological Study Of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1713.1713.
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Abstract Introduction Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a distinct lymphoplasmacytic disorder characterized by bone marrow (BM) infiltration and IgM secretion. The etiology remains unknown, but a role for genetic and immune-related factors in the pathogenesis is suspected. To date, few etiologic studies have focused specifically on WM. Therefore, we initiated a large case-control study of WM to evaluate a comprehensive panel of potential risk factors. Here we describe the study design and report initial findings in the enrolled WM patients. Methods Patients are recruited into the study through the WM clinic at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, WM meetings or web-based invitations through the International Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Foundation (IMWF) website. For each patient, two controls are invited to participate: a family member of the patient, and an acquaintance of similar age and neighborhood of residence to the patient. Enrollment targets are for 1000 patients and an equal number of family members and non-family controls. From the WM patients we collect data on clinical presentation at diagnosis and from follow up of disease progression, as well as diagnostic tumor tissue and other biospecimens. Both patients with LPL/WM and controls completed a self-administered questionnaire that includes items related to personal characteristics, socioeconomic background, medical history, medication use and several lifestyle and environmental factors. Results We identified and invited 1144 WM patients. 396 WM patients and 83 family members of these patients completed the epidemiology survey. Of the 396 patients who completed the survey, 348 were diagnosed with LPL/WM and 48 with MGUS. The median age of patients at diagnosis was 67 years (range, 24-92 years). One patient was younger than 40 years of age, and 14 (4%) were younger than 50 years. 245 (62%) patients were males. Most patients self-reported Caucasian race (N=305, 77%), whereas others were of Ashkenazi Jewish (45, 11%), mixed (30, 8%), or other (16, 4%) racial backgrounds. Almost half (N=193, 49%) have completed graduate or professional school, and another 180 (45%) have completed some college education or a college degree; only seven patients (5%) have only a high school education or less, and education level is missing for 1%.” With regard to personal medical history, the WM patients most frequently reported a history of osteoporosis/osteopenia (20%), followed by that of lymph node enlargement (13%), thyroid disorder (11%), other autoimmune disease (10%), infectious mononucleosis (8%), hemolytic anemia (6%), renal insufficiency (5%), venous thrombosis and strokes (4%), inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis/Crohn's disease) (4%), diabetes mellitus (4%), and rheumatoid arthritis (3%). The WM patients reported a family history of several cancers in relatives: breast cancer (27%), prostate cancer (16%), colon cancer (14%), uterine cancer (14%) and lung cancer (17%). The most common hematological malignancies observed in relatives included leukemia (8%), WM (5%), other Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (5%), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (3%), and myeloma. The 396 patients also self-reported a history of exposure of at least eight hours per week for more than a year to some chemicals, including asbestos (11%), benzene and pesticides (9%), herbicides, fertilizers and gasoline or other solvents (7%), petroleum products, engine exhaust, and acrylic and oil based paints (6%). Five percent or less of the patients reported prior exposure to Agent White, Agent Orange, and Metals. Further patient and control recruitment is ongoing, as are preliminary statistical comparisons of the case and control patient populations to evaluate potential risk factors for the WM. Conclusion These preliminary descriptive data from the first case-control study to focus explicitly on WM confirm prior observations of familial history of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with WM and suggest early success at collecting self-reported information on other potential risk factors in the patient population. By collecting and rigorously analyzing diverse risk factor data from both patients and controls, this study is likely to contribute important insights on the etiology of this rare and understudied lymphoma. Such knowledge is urgently needed to permit the development of strategies for WM prevention. Disclosures: Treon: Millennium: Consultancy. Ghobrial:BMS: Advisory board Other, Research Funding; ONYX: Advisory board, Advisory board Other; NOXXON: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding.
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Parkhouse, W. S., G. P. Dobson, and P. W. Hochachka. "Organization of energy provision in rainbow trout during exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 254, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): R302—R309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.2.r302.
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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the fuels supporting high-intensity progressive exercise and their regulation within rainbow trout. During the sustained swim, red muscle (RM) used 97% (17.5 mumol/g) of its glycogen, whereas white muscle (WM) glycogen only declined 31% (7.3 mumol/g). During the burst swim, WM glycogen content decreased 10.4 mumol/g at a rate that exceeded the sustained swim rate by 6.2-fold. Lactate content increased 11-fold at a rate 25 times its sustained swim rate. The exhaustive swim resulted in a decrease of 36.6 mumol/g in liver glycogen, whereas WM glycogen content declined to very low values and lactate reached 43 mumol/g. RM glycogen levels remained low during these exercise bouts. Phosphocreatine (PCr)-buffered ATP declines (WM 7.3-2.7 mumol/g, RM 3.4-1.6 mumol/g) with the time course of the large ATP decreases being related to near depletion of PCr. Decreases in the total adenylate pool were compensated for by the accumulation of inosine 5'-monophosphate in both tissue types. Free ADP (ADPf) contents increased in both tissues by three- to fivefold. ATP/ADPf and cytosolic phosphorylation potentials decreased from 7- to 20-fold. Cytosolic redox potential remained relatively constant at approximately 145 within both fiber types. The changes in adenine nucleotide parameters are associated with the respective activation of the different fiber types and glycolytic flux.
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Zanwar, Saurabh, Jithma P. Abeykoon, Stephen M. Ansell, Morie A. Gertz, Jonas Paludo, Rebecca L. King, Rong He, et al. "Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in the Very Elderly (≥75 years):Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142884.
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Background: Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) tend to present at an older age. Frailty, resulting from comorbidities and reduced organ function, poses unique challenges to the management of WM in the elderly. Age above 65 years, is an established unfavorable prognostic factor in WM. However, data specifically pertaining to the very elderly patient population are scant. The impact of advanced age (≥75 years at diagnosis) on the clinical features and outcomes of patients with symptomatic/active WM were studied. Methods: Patients with active WM, evaluated at Mayo Clinic, Rochester between January 1996 and December 2018 were included in the study. The characteristics and laboratory parameters at presentation of the cohort of patients with the age ≥75 years were compared to those of the younger (age <75 years) cohort. The median follow-up and overall survival (OS) were assessed from active disease to last follow-up or death using the Kaplan Meier method. Because older age is a confounding factor for deaths from unrelated causes, the cause-specific survival (CSS) was calculated. Deaths were deemed WM-related if patients died from progressive disease, transformation with antecedent WM, concomitant light chain (AL) amyloidosis, infection associated with WM or anti-WM therapy related toxicity, while patients who died from other causes were considered to have a WM-unrelated death. The patients who died from causes unrelated to WM were censored at death for CSS analysis. The OS of the cohort of the very elderly patients was compared to that of a cohort of the general US population, matched for age, sex as well as follow-up from the calendar-year of diagnosis, to assess the degree to which WM impacts survival. Results: Among 949 consecutive patients, with a median follow-up of 8.4 years [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 7.7-9.3 years] from active disease, the median age at diagnosis was 65 years (range: 31-93 years). Of 177 patients (19%) who were ≥75 years of age at the onset of active WM, 173 (98%) received anti-WM therapy. The baseline characteristics of the 2 cohorts (patients ≥75 years of age versus <75 years) are outlined in Table 1. The patients in the age ≥75 years cohort were noted to have lower IgM levels and serum albumin, and higher serum LDH and serum β-2 microglobulin compared to the age <75 years cohort. A higher proportion of patients in the age <75 years cohort had coexisting AL amyloidosis at diagnosis. The frequency of MYD88L265P mutation was similar between the 2 cohorts (p=0.2). During the 23-year period, there was an increase in the proportion of patients ≥75 years who were diagnosed with active WM (12% during the 1996-2003 period, 18% during 2004-2010, 25% during 2011-2018; P<0.0001). In the elderly WM cohort, the most frequently used frontline treatment was rituximab monotherapy (36%), followed by rituximab-alkylating agent-based regimen (31%). Of 177 patients with age ≥75 years, 89 (50%) patients were deceased at the time of last follow-up and 58% (52/89) of all deaths in age ≥75 years were attributable to WM. By contrast, 303 (39%) out of the 772 patients in the age <75 years cohort were deceased at last follow-up, with 73% (224/303) deaths attributable to WM. The CSS for patients with age ≥75 years was 10.9 years (95% CI: 7.3-11.7 years) versus 14.7 years (95% CI: 13.2-15.7 years) for age <75 years [Risk ratio 2.1(95% CI: 1.5-2.8); p<0.0001]. At the 1 and 2 year follow-up, WM-related mortality was 6.8% and 11.9%, respectively, for patients with age ≥75 years versus 2.6% and 4.9%, respectively, for the younger cohort. The median OS of patients with age ≥75 years from the diagnosis of active WM was 5.9 years (95% CI: 4.2-7.3 years) compared to the OS of 8.3 years for an age, sex and calendar-year-matched cohort, derived from the general US population (p<0.001), Figure 1. Conclusion: Patients who are ≥75 years of age at the time of diagnosis of active WM present with certain poor prognostic features, including higher serum LDH and β-2 microglobulin and lower serum albumin compared to their younger counterparts. The impact of advanced age is underscored by a poorer WM-specific survival for the subset of patients with the age ≥75 years compared to the younger cohort. Furthermore, although active/symptomatic WM is typically an indolent malignancy, it adversely affects OS of the very elderly patients as suggested by the comparison with an age, sex and calendar-year matched cohort of the general US population. Disclosures Ansell: Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; ADC Therapeutics: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; AI Therapeutics: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding. Gertz:Ionis/Akcea: Other: personal fee; Alnylam: Other: personal fee; Prothena: Other: personal fee; Spectrum: Other: personal fee, Research Funding; Annexon: Other: personal fee; Appellis: Other: personal fee; Amgen: Other: personal fee; Medscape: Other: personal fee, Speakers Bureau; Physicians Education Resource: Other: personal fee; Abbvie: Other; Celgene: Other; Research to Practice: Other; Sanofi: Other; Teva: Speakers Bureau; Johnson and Johnson: Speakers Bureau; DAVA oncology: Speakers Bureau; Proclara: Other; Springer Publishing: Patents & Royalties; Aurora Bio: Other; Janssen: Other: personal fee. Nowakowski:NanoString: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Curis: Consultancy; Kymera: Consultancy; Kite: Consultancy; Ryvu: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MorphoSys: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding. Witzig:Spectrum: Consultancy; Immune Design: Research Funding; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Research Funding; Acerta: Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy; MorphSys: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding. Dispenzieri:Pfizer: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Intellia: Research Funding; Alnylam: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Dingli:Sanofi-Genzyme: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Rigel: Consultancy; Apellis: Consultancy; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Research Funding; Alexion: Consultancy; Millenium: Consultancy. Kumar:Sanofi: Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cellectar: Other; Genecentrix: Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy, Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments, Research Funding; AbbVie: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Takeda: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Carsgen: Other, Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Other: Independent Review Committee; IRC member; Genentech/Roche: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; MedImmune: Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy; Tenebio: Other, Research Funding; Dr. Reddy's Laboratories: Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen Oncology: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Celgene/BMS: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments. Kapoor:Cellectar: Consultancy; Janssen: Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria.
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Zhang, Jie, and Yingli Ma. "Observation on the Efficacy of Ginkgo Ketone Ester Drop Pill in Improving Hypertension Combined with Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque." Emergency Medicine International 2022 (June 30, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8650537.
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Purpose. To observe and analyze the efficacy of Ginkgo ketone ester drop pill intervention in patients with hypertension combined with carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Methods. The subjects were 300 patients with hypertension complicated with carotid atherosclerotic plaque treated in our hospital from January 2019 to September 2021. The grouping was done by the random number table method and 300 patients were divided equally into 2 groups. One group was treated with Western medicine alone (clopidogrel sulfate tablets, phenyl amlodipine tablets, irbesartan tablets, and resorvastatin) as the Western medicine group (WM group, n = 150), and one group was added to this intervention with Ginkgo ketone ester drop pill as the Chinese medicine group (CM group, n = 150). The observation indexes were the improvement of blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)), blood lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC)), vascular endothelial function (nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1)), inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), plaque (intimal medial thickness (IMT) of carotid artery and plaque area), and efficacy after intervention and adverse effects during intervention in both groups. Results. After intervention, SBP, DBP, LDL-C, TG, and TC levels were lower and HDL-C levels were higher in both groups than before intervention in the same group, and both CM groups improved significantly compared with the WM group ( P < 0.05 ). After intervention, NO levels were higher and ET-1 levels were lower in both groups than before the intervention in the same group, and both CM groups improved significantly compared with the WM group ( P < 0.05 ). After intervention, CRP and IL-6 levels were lower in both groups than before intervention in the same group, and both CM groups improved significantly compared with the WM group ( P < 0.05 ). After intervention, IMT and plaque area were lower in both groups than before intervention in the same group and both CM groups improved significantly compared with the WM group ( P < 0.05 ). The total effective number of the CM group was better than the WM group ( P < 0.05 ), and there was no significant difference in the adverse reactions number in both groups ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusions. The treatment of hypertension combined with carotid atherosclerotic plaque with Ginkgo ketone ester drop pill helps to improve the blood pressure, blood lipid, and vascular endothelial function of patients and helps to inhibit the inflammation level and atherosclerotic plaque of patients, with significant efficacy and no significant adverse effects in patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Wenjie, Xiong, Shuhua Yi, Huimin Liu, Tingyu Wang, Wei Liu, Dehui Zou, and Lugui Qiu. "The Cytogenetic Aberrations of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/ Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia in China." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-139184.
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Object:Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/ Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM) is a rare B-cell proliferative malignancy characterized by immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy and /or bone marrow infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic cells. Recently, there are no large-scale studies to detect the clinical features, genetic background in patients with LPL/WM in China even Asia. The aim of this study is to explore the clinical and genetic differences, observe the impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on survival and prognosis in Chinese patients. Methods:305 patients with LPL/WM admitted in our hospital from June 1998 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline characteristics, laboratory detection and therapy were compared using Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier methodology was undertaken for survival analysis. Results:The median age of 305 patients in the study was 62 years (range 32-87) and male to female ratio was 2.45:1(216/89). The most common symptoms at diagnosis were fatigue (64.9%) and bleeding (14.1%).The patients in low, intermediate and high risk group of the international prognostic scoring system for WM (ISSWM) was 17.6%, 36.5% and 45.9%,respectively.The median hemoglobin was 8.5g/dl(range 2.4-18.7). About 41.3% patients had IgM higher than 4000mg/dl. The cytogenetic abnormalities were uncommon in LPL/WM patients. The chromosomal karyotypes were successful in 194 cases, of which 20 patients showed clonal abnormalities. 12 patients had two or more chromosome abnormalities. The most common chromosome abnormalities were deletion 6/6q(25%) and Y chromosome loss (20%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with normal and abnormal chromosome karyotypes were similar. 194 patients had FISH detection, of which 33 patients (17%) had FISH abnormalities, 9 (4.6%) patients had two kind of abnormalities. The patients with more than one cytogenetic abnormality had lower survival than just had one abnormality or normal patients. The most common aberrations were 6q deletion and trisomy 12. 17p deletion was detected in 11 patients (11/184,6.0%) and it was a poor prognostic marker of PFS and OS. Single 13q14 deletion had not impact on PFS or OS, but when companied with other cytogenetic aberration, it could worsen the PFS and OS . Besides related to survival, cytogenetic abnormal was also related to the clinical features. Conclusions:Despite the low incidence and abnormal cytogenetic detection rate of LPL/WM, the clinical and genetic features are unique in Chinese patients. The cytogenetic aberrations play an important role in predicting prognosis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Hunter, Zachary, Xavier Leleu, Evdoxia Hatjiharissi, Daniel Santos, Lian Xu, Alan Ho, Vinod Bakthavachalam, et al. "IgA and IgG Hypogammaglobulinemia Are Associated with Mutations in the APRIL/BLYS Receptor TACI in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM)." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.228.228.
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Abstract IgA and IgG hypogammaglobulinemia are a common finding in patients with WM which may contribute to recurrent infections seen in up to half of WM patients. The etiology for this finding remains unclear. As part of these studies, we investigated the prevalence and genetic basis for IgA and IgG hypogammaglobulinemia among 89 previously untreated patients with the clinicopathological diagnosis of WM. Their median IgM was 2,980 (180–12,400) mg/dl, median BM involvement was 35% (5%–95%) and median B2M was 2.7 (1.4–13.7 mg/dL). Fifty-six (63%) and 66 (74%) of these patients demonstrated IgG (<700 mg/dL) and IgA (<70 mg/dL) hypogammaglobulinemia, respectively. Importantly, no correlation was seen between serum IgG and IgA levels and BM disease involvement, suggesting no direct impact of disease involvement on the production of uninvolved immunoglobulins. Given these findings, we undertook extensive germline and somatic sequence studies to determine if mutations existed within the APRIL/BLYS receptor TACI, which commonly is mutated in patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorder (CVID). Six of 29 (21%) sequenced patients displayed variants within TACI, which were present in both tumor cells (n=6) and germline (n=5). Importantly, patients displaying variants in TACI demonstrated significantly lower serum IgG (280 vs. 676 mg/dL; p=0.0009) and IgA (20 vs. 41 mg/dL; p=0.0006) levels versus patients without TACI variants. Lastly, sequence analysis of APRIL, BLYS as well as the TACI downstream TRAF proteins have led to detection of numerous variants which may further account for hypogammaglobulinemia among patients with normal TACI expression. These data suggest that aberrations in TACI signaling may account for IgG and IgA hypogammaglobulinemia in WM, akin to patients with CVID. Moreover, mutations within TACI signaling may have pathological implications for WM since a 300 fold increased incidence of lymphoma has been observed among CVID patients. The impact of TACI mutations on pathogenesis of WM is currently under investigation in our laboratory.
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Ghobrial, Irene M., Michael R. Savona, Ravi Vij, David S. Siegel, Ashraf Badros, Jonathan L. Kaufman, Noopur Raje, Andrzej Jakubowiak, Mihaela Obreja, and Jesus G. Berdeja. "Final Results from a Multicenter, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Phase 1b/2 Study of Single-Agent Oprozomib in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2110.2110.
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Abstract Background: Oprozomib (OPZ) is an oral proteasome inhibitor. This phase 1b/2 study (NCT01416428) is evaluating single-agent OPZ in patients with relapsed hematologic malignancies, including those with multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). In the phase 1b portion of the study, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of single-agent OPZ was 300 mg/day when administered on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 of a 14-day cycle (2/7 schedule) or 240 mg/day when administered on days 1-5 of a 14-day cycle (5/14 schedule) (Vij et al. Blood.2014;124:abstr 34). Here, we present final results from the phase 2 portion of the study. Methods: Adults with relapsed MM or WM (≥1 prior therapy) were eligible for the phase 2 portion of the study. The primary objective of the phase 2 portion was to determine the overall response rate (ORR). During phase 2, patients on the 5/14 schedule received OPZ at the MTD of 240 mg/day, or in a step-up dosing scheme where patients received 150 mg/day in cycle 1, and stepped-up to a target dose of 180 mg/day thereafter (ie, 150/180 mg/day). Patients on the 2/7 schedule received OPZ in a step-up dosing scheme of 240/300 mg/day. All patients received premedication with a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 inhibitor and dexamethasone 4 mg. Results: During phase 2, patients were initially treated on the 5/14 schedule at the MTD of 240 mg/day (MM, n=27; WM, n=17). Three patients with MM died on study: 2 due to treatment-related gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage and 1 due to progressive disease. The study protocol was then amended to test alternative regimens and lower doses, and patients were subsequently enrolled on the 2/7 and 5/14 step-up dosing schedules (240/300 mg/day and 150/180 mg/day, respectively). The phase 2 portion enrolled 56 patients on the 2/7 step-up dosing schedule (MM, n=41; WM, n=15) and 34 patients on the 5/14 step-up dosing schedule (all MM). Median ages in MM patients were 65 years (2/7, 240/300 mg/day), 64.5 years (5/14, 150/180 mg/day), and 63 years (5/14, 240 mg/day); median ages in WM patients were 65 years (2/7, 240/300 mg/day) and 62 years (5/14, 240 mg/day). Median numbers of prior regimens were 4, 3.5, 5, 2, and 3 in these cohorts, respectively. Among MM patients, 68% were bortezomib (BTZ)-refractory, 37% were carfilzomib (CFZ)-refractory, 75% were lenalidomide-refractory, 45% were pomalidomide-refractory, and 71% had received prior transplant. Median treatment durations were 11.4 weeks (MM, 2/7 schedule, 240/300 mg/day), 10.1 weeks (MM, 5/14 schedule, 150/180 mg/day), 5.4 weeks (MM, 5/14 schedule, 240 mg/day), 34.6 weeks (WM, 2/7 schedule, 240/300 mg/day), and 8.1 weeks (WM, 5/14 schedule, 240 mg/day). Across all cohorts, the most common grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) included diarrhea, anemia, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting (Table 1). Among patients with MM, the proportions of patients who discontinued treatment due to AEs were 44%, 12%, and 48% in the 2/7, 240/300 mg/day; 5/14, 150/180 mg/day; and 5/14, 240 mg/day cohorts, respectively. Among patients with WM, the proportions of patients who discontinued treatment due to AEs were 20% and 47% in the 2/7 and 5/14 schedules, respectively. No on-study deaths occurred in the 2/7 schedule nor in the 5/14 step-up dosing cohorts. Efficacy outcomes are shown in Table 2. Among response-eligible patients with MM, ORRs were 34%, 22%, and 25% in the 2/7, 240/300 mg/day (n=38); 5/14, 150/180 mg/day (n=32); and 5/14, 240 mg/day (n=24) cohorts, respectively. Among BTZ-refractory patients with MM, ORRs were 28% and 17% on the 2/7 (n=29) and 5/14 (n=24) schedules, respectively; among CFZ-refractory patients, ORRs were 8% and 10% on the 2/7 (n=13) and 5/14 (n=21) schedules. For response-eligible patients with WM, ORRs were 71% and 47% on the 2/7 (n=14) and 5/14 (n=17) schedules. Conclusions: Single-agent OPZ appears to have promising activity in patients with relapsed MM or WM, with durable responses overall and responses observed in those refractory to BTZ or CFZ. GI events (primarily diarrhea) were among the most common grade ≥3 AEs with single-agent OPZ. Further exploration of OPZ therapeutic effect is planned with modified formulations and optimized schedule and dosing administration. Disclosures Ghobrial: Noxxon: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria. Savona:Amgen Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Ariad: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sunesis: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding. Vij:Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Karyopharm: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding. Siegel:Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Kaufman:Incyte: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding. Raje:Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding. Jakubowiak:BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; SkylineDx: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Obreja:Amgen: Employment. Berdeja:Abbvie, Acetylon, Amgen, Bluebird, BMS, Calithera, Celgene, Constellation, Curis, Epizyme, Janssen, Karyopharm, Kesios, Novartis, Onyx, Takeda, Tragara: Research Funding.
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Marano, Grazia, Claas Gronewold, Martin Frank, Anette Merling, Christian Kliem, Sandra Sauer, Manfred Wiessler, Eva Frei, and Reinhard Schwartz-Albiez. "An easily accessible sulfated saccharide mimetic inhibits in vitro human tumor cell adhesion and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (May 29, 2012): 787–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.89.
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Oligosaccharides aberrantly expressed on tumor cells influence processes such as cell adhesion and modulation of the cell’s microenvironment resulting in an increased malignancy. Schmidt’s imidate strategy offers an effective method to synthesize libraries of various oligosaccharide mimetics. With the aim to perturb interactions of tumor cells with extracellular matrix proteins and host cells, molecules with 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as core structure were synthesized and screened in biological assays for their abilities to interfere in cell adhesion and other steps of the metastatic cascade, such as tumor-induced angiogenesis. The most active compound, (4-{[(β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]methyl}furan-3-yl)methyl hydrogen sulfate (GSF), inhibited the activation of matrix-metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) as well as migration of the human melanoma cells of the lines WM-115 and WM-266-4 in a two-dimensional migration assay. GSF inhibited completely the adhesion of WM-115 cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, fibrinogen and fibronectin. In an in vitro angiogenesis assay with human endothelial cells, GSF very effectively inhibited endothelial tubule formation and sprouting of blood vessels, as well as the adhesion of endothelial cells to ECM proteins. GSF was not cytotoxic at biologically active concentrations; neither were 3,4-bis{[(β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]methyl}furan (BGF) nor methyl β-D-galactopyranoside nor 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, which were used as controls, eliciting comparable biological activity. In silico modeling experiments, in which binding of GSF to the extracellular domain of the integrin αvβ3 was determined, revealed specific docking of GSF to the same binding site as the natural peptidic ligands of this integrin. The sulfate in the molecule coordinated with one manganese ion in the binding site. These studies show that this chemically easily accessible molecule GSF, synthesized in three steps from 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan and benzoylated galactose imidate, is nontoxic and antagonizes cell physiological processes in vitro that are important for the dissemination and growth of tumor cells in vivo.
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Tarannum, Fatema, Rajmohan Muthaiah, Roshan Sameer Annam, Tingting Gu, and Jivtesh Garg. "Effect of Alignment on Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity of Polyethylene–Graphene Nanocomposites and Comparison with Effective Medium Theory." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071291.
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Thermal conductivity (k) of polymers is usually limited to low values of ~0.5 Wm−1K−1 in comparison to metals (>20 Wm−1K−1). The goal of this work is to enhance thermal conductivity (k) of polyethylene–graphene nanocomposites through simultaneous alignment of polyethylene (PE) lamellae and graphene nanoplatelets (GnP). Alignment is achieved through the application of strain. Measured values are compared with predictions from effective medium theory. A twin conical screw micro compounder is used to prepare polyethylene–graphene nanoplatelet (PE-GnP) composites. Enhancement in k value is studied for two different compositions with GnP content of 9 wt% and 13 wt% and for applied strains ranging from 0% to 300%. Aligned PE-GnP composites with 13 wt% GnP displays ~1000% enhancement in k at an applied strain of 300%, relative to k of pristine unstrained polymer. Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) is used to quantitatively characterize the alignment of GnP flakes in strained composites; this measured orientation is used as an input for effective medium predictions. These results have important implications for thermal management applications.
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Yusuf, Hasiya, Tarfa Verinumbe, Elvis Obomanu, Colton Frisco Jones, Hilary A. Elom, Abhishek Kumar, and Rajvi Gor. "Protein Energy Malnutrition and in-Hospital Outcomes of Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2024): 6315. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-208411.
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Introduction: Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by IgM paraproteinemia and clinical features of fever, weight loss, night sweats, anemia, hyperviscosity symptoms, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. While the association between WM and protein-losing enteropathies has previously been described, the impact of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) on patient outcomes remains unknown. In this study, we assessed the effect of PEM on mortality and other outcomes in patients with WM. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients admitted with WM in the National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 to 2020. To determine our study sample, we used the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) to identify patients with WM (C.88.0). Our exposure variable was PEM (defined based on the ICD code E44.0). In-hospital outcomes assessed were in-hospital mortality (determined based on final disposition at discharge), sepsis, septic shock, thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis [DVT] and acute pulmonary embolism [PE]), and the need for renal replacement therapy. The student's t-test was used to evaluate differences in continuous variables and Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to assess differences in categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between PEM and the outcomes of interest, adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, alcohol, Charlson index, type of insurance, total charges, and length of hospital stay. Results: Of the6,766 patients with WM included in this study, 84.4% were white, 59.4% were female and the mean age was 75.2 (SD 10.3). Most participants had a median household income in the third quartile of the national average (33.6%). Comorbid PEM was reported among 888 (13.1%) patients with WM. Patients with PEM had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (9.0% vs 3.7%, P-value <0.001), sepsis (23.5% vs 13.7%, P-value <0.001), septic shock (7.9% vs 3.1%, P-value <0.001), acute renal failure (33.4% vs 23.2%, P-value <0.001), and need for hemodialysis (5.9% vs 3.4%, P-value <0.001), compared to patients without PEM. PEM was associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.92, 95% CI: 1.39-2.67, P-value <0.001), sepsis (aOR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.70, P-value, 0.004) and acute renal failure (aOR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.50, P-value, 0.01). The results of the association of PEM with septic shock, DVT, and PE were not statistically significant. Conclusions: A considerable proportion of patients with WM in our study had comorbid PEM.Findings suggest that among patients with WM, PEM may contribute to an increased risk of adverse health-related outcomes and mortality. Therefore, considerations for screening, early detection, and management of PEM should be incorporated into the clinical care of patients admitted with WM. In addition, our results show that the association of PEM and outcomes of septic shock, need for renal replacement, and thromboembolic events were inconclusive. Thus, further studies to elucidate these findings in a longitudinal cohort are needed.
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Sun, Qixing, Xiaogang Li, Kejian Li, Zhipeng Cai, Chaoyu Han, Shanlin Li, Dangxun Gao, and Jiluan Pan. "Effects of Long-Term Service on Microstructure and Impact Toughness of the Weld Metal and Heat-Affected Zone in CrMoV Steel Joints." Metals 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020278.
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The microstructure and impact toughness of weld metals (WMs) and heat-affected zones (HAZs) of a low-alloy CrMoV steel gas turbine rotor which had served for 14 years were investigated. The ex-service joints in the turbine part (serving at 500–540 °C) and the compressor part (serving below 300 °C) of the rotor were selected for comparative research. The microstructure of the WMs and HAZs between the turbine part and the compressor part was similar, indicating that there was no significant deterioration in microstructure of the turbine part during service. However, compared with the compressor part WM, the impact energy of the turbine part WM decreased significantly, and FATT50 increased greatly. The degraded toughness of turbine part WM was related to more serious intergranular cracking caused by higher segregation level of phosphorus (P) at prior austenite grain (PAG) boundaries. Welding and post-weld heat treatment led to obvious segregation of P at PAG boundaries in WMs, and the segregation of P in turbine part WM was further aggravated during serving at 500–540 °C. Additionally, the inhomogeneous microstructure of the WMs also aggravated the segregation of P. The toughness of the HAZs in both turbine part and compressor part was high, which was because of fine grains. Furthermore, due to there being more grain boundaries and low P content, the segregation of P in HAZs was slight and its adverse effect on the toughness could be ignored.
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Mitterhuber, Lisa, René Hammer, Thomas Dengg, and Jürgen Spitaler. "Thermal Characterization and Modelling of AlGaN-GaN Multilayer Structures for HEMT Applications." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 2363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092363.
Full textAbstract:
To optimize the thermal design of AlGaN-GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs), which incorporate high power densities, an accurate prediction of the underlying thermal transport mechanisms is crucial. Here, a HEMT-structure (Al0.17Ga0.83N, GaN, Al0.32Ga0.68N and AlN on a Si substrate) was investigated using a time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) setup. The different scattering contributions were investigated in the framework of phonon transport models (Callaway, Holland and Born-von-Karman). The thermal conductivities of all layers were found to decrease with a temperature between 300 K and 773 K, due to Umklapp scattering. The measurement showed that the AlN and GaN thermal conductivities were a magnitude higher than the thermal conductivity of Al0.32Ga0.68N and Al0.17Ga0.83N due to defect scattering. The layer thicknesses of the HEMT structure are in the length scale of the phonon mean free path, causing a reduction of their intrinsic thermal conductivity. The size-effect of the cross-plane thermal conductivity was investigated, which showed that the phonon transport model is a critical factor. At 300 K, we obtained a thermal conductivity of (130 ± 38) Wm−1K−1 for the (167 ± 7) nm thick AlN, (220 ± 38) Wm−1K−1 for the (1065 ± 7) nm thick GaN, (11.2 ± 0.7) Wm−1K−1 for the (423 ± 5) nm thick Al0.32Ga0.68N, and (9.7 ± 0.6) Wm−1K−1 for the (65 ± 5) nm thick Al0.17Ga0.83N. Respectively, these conductivity values were found to be 24%, 90%, 28% and 16% of the bulk values, using the Born-von-Karman model together with the Hua–Minnich suppression function approach. The thermal interface conductance as extracted from the TDTR measurements was compared to results given by the diffuse mismatch model and the phonon radiation limit, suggesting contributions from inelastic phonon-scattering processes at the interface. The knowledge of the individual thermal transport mechanisms is essential for understanding the thermal characteristics of the HEMT, and it is useful for improving the thermal management of HEMTs and their reliability.
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Han, Jae, Yun Bae, Seul Song, Jae-Jin Song, Ja-Won Koo, Jun Lee, Seung Oh, Bong Kim, and Byung Choi. "Prediction of the Outcome of Cochlear Implantation in the Patients with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020136.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this study was to elucidate radiologic biomarker that can predict the outcome of cochlear implantation (CI) in congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) related deafness. A retrospective survey of speech perception after CI and an evaluation of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were performed in 10 cochlear implantees with cCMV-related prelingual deafness. Specifically, a special attention was paid to the degree of white matter (WM) abnormality shown in brain MRI, which was used to divide our cohort into two groups: The mild and severe pathology groups. Age-matched prelingual deaf patients with idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss were selected as controls. Subjects in mild pathology groups showed higher a Category of Auditory Performance (CAP) score (5.2 ± 0.8) than those with severe pathologies (3.4 ± 1.5) (P = 0.041). Importantly, speech performance from subjects with mild pathology was comparable to that of the control group (mean CAP score of 5.2 ± 0.8 vs. 5.1 ± 1.2) (P = 0.898). Mild pathologies related to the limited WM lesion in MRI not accompanied by severe MRI pathologies, such as diffuse WM abnormality, myelination delay, ventriculomegaly, migration abnormality, and cerebellar hypoplasia, can be tolerated and do not adversely affect the CI outcome in cCMV deafness.
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DESIKAN, V., K. JAYARAMAN, and S. P. BHAGWAT. "TERRESTRIAL RADIANT ENERGY EXCHANGES ACROSS TROPOPAUSE OVER PUNE." MAUSAM 45, no. 4 (January 1, 2022): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v45i4.2683.
Full textAbstract:
Fort nightly auuusphe ric sound ings """ilh radiomete r are bei ng made al Pu ne after th e sunset Thedam obtained o ver an (" iih t yea r pe riod. 1978-1985 an d on occasions ....'hen th ese so unl.Hnis reac hed stratosp hereh aw bee n studied in o rde r 10 obta in a pictu re of th e terr estri al radiant ene rgy excha nges (infrared rad iative !luxexchanges) Berms the tropopause. It is Iound th ai th e tropopause .:ene raJly loses energy almust th rough out the yearexceru du ring the monso on period . Th e net lo ss in rad iant euC' rgy by the tropo pause is 1.4Wm - ~. Th e losses in th epre-monsoo n and th e post -monsoon pe riod s are respectivel y 3.4 Wm - =an d 41 Wrn - ~ . whereas the gai n du ring th emonsoon .'Il!'IIS(ln is 5.2 Wm - : . Winh' r losses amo um rc 6.ft Wm - ~ , These valu es. however, vary wide ly in individualca ses depc nding upon th e sky cover. ROl l the d epth nf water vapo ur ..:o lumo .
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Santese, M., M. R. Perrone, A. S. Zakey, F. De Tomasi, and F. Giorgi. "Modeling of Saharan dust outbreaks over the Mediterranean by RegCM3: case studies." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2010): 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-133-2010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The regional climate model RegCM3 coupled with a radiatively active aerosol model with online feedback is used to investigate direct and semi-direct radiative aerosol effects over the Sahara and Europe in a test case of July 2003. The aerosol model includes dust particles in addition to sulfates, hydrophobic and hydrophilic black carbon and organic carbon. The role of the aerosol online feedback on the radiation budget and the direct radiative forcing (short-wave and long-wave) by dust particles are investigated by intercomparing results from three experiments: REF, including all interactive aerosol components, Exp1, not accounting for the aerosol radiative feedback, and Exp2 not accounting for desert dust particles. The comparison of results in the REF experiment with satellite observations, sun/sky radiometer measurements, and lidar profiles at selected Central Mediterranean sites reveals that the spatio-temporal evolution of the aerosol optical depth is reasonably well reproduced by the model during the entire month of July. Results for the dust outbreaks of 17 and 24 July, averaged over the simulation domain, show that the daily-mean SW direct radiative forcing by all particles is −24 Wm−2 and −3.4 Wm−2 on 17 July and −25 Wm−2 and −3.5 Wm−2 on 24 July at the surface and top of the atmosphere, respectively. This is partially offset by the LW direct radiative forcing, which is 7.6 Wm−2 and 1.9 Wm−2 on 17 July and 8.4 Wm−2 and 1.9 Wm−2 on 24 July at the surface and top of the atmosphere, respectively. Hence, the daily-mean SW forcing is offset by the LW forcing of ~30% at the surface and of ~50% at the ToA. It is also shown that atmospheric dynamics and hence dust production and advection processes are dependent on the simulation assumptions and may significantly change within few tens of kilometers. The comparison of REF and Exp1 shows that the aerosol online feedback on the radiation budget decreases the domain-average daily-mean value of the 2 m-temperature, aerosol column burden (CB), and short-wave (SW) atmospheric forcing by −0.52 °C, 14%, and 0.9%, respectively on 17 July and by −0.39 °C, 12% and 12%, respectively on 24 July. The comparison of REF and Exp2 reveals that on 17 July, radiatively-active dust particles decrease the daily-mean 2 m-temperature averaged over the whole simulation domain by 0.4% even if are responsible for 99.8% and 97% of the daily-mean aerosol column burden and SW atmospheric forcing, respectively.
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Yamada, Ikuko, Shoichi Kume, Hiromi Nakano, and Koji Watari. "Macro- and Micro-Scale Thermal Conductivities of SiC Single Crystal and Ceramic." Key Engineering Materials 403 (December 2008): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.403.179.
Full textAbstract:
Thermal properties of SiC at the micrometer-scale were measured quantitatively with a thermal microscope using thermo-reflectance and periodic heating techniques. In this study, SiC single crystal and polycrystal were investigated. The small values of standard deviation suggest that the SiC single crystal had constant thermal conductivities. For the single crystal, the average value of the thermal conductivity at the micrometer-scale was in good agreement with the macro-scale thermal conductivity value obtained by the laser flash technique. On the other hand, thermal conductivity of the polycrystal was heterogeneous at the micrometer-scale. An average thermal conductivity value of 257 Wm-1K-1 was obtained within an area of 50 m ×100 µm. The highest and lowest values of the thermal conductivity from the polycrystal were 300 and 220 Wm-1K-1, respectively.