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Journal articles on the topic "Wm 204"
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Akaagerger, NB, DK Kaki, AI Philip, and BA Ikyo. "Assessment of Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure Levels from Mobile Phones and Wireless Hotspots in Some Parts of Makurdi-Nigeria." NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 3, no. 3b (November 15, 2020): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/napas.204.
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Radio waves and Microwaves also known as Radio Frequency Radiations (RFR) have been associated with health hazards. This research was carried out to assess the safety level of these radiations in Makurdi, Benue State. Measurement of RFR power density and electric field strength were carried out for mobile phones. A Cornet 15SA Electrosmog meter was used for assessing RFR exposure levels. Measurements of RFR power density (mWm-2) and electric field strength (Vm-1) for wireless hotspots were carried out within 10m radius to offices and open areas with high occupancy. Radiation levels from mobile phones were measured on the surface with mobile phones in contact with the meter in a normal direction such that maximum readings are obtained. A survey questionnaire was also designed to assess the level of knowledge of the residents concerning the effects of exposure to RF radiations. The field strength and Power density from mobile phones were found to range from 0.1946 Vm-1 to 26.2446 Vm-1 and 0.1004 mWm-2 to 1.827 Wm-2 respectively. These are within ICNIRP recommended value of 10 Wm-2 for members of the public. Environmental levels of RFR in areas with RFR generating devices showed that RFR levels ranged from 5.0595Vm-1 (0.0679 Wm-1) to 7.3961Vm-1 (0.145 Wm1). Also, assessment of areas with Wi-Fi hotspots showed that the presence of hotspots significantly increased background levels of RFR. These values were compared with measurements carried out in areas without RF devices which ranged from 0.10212Vm-1 (0.02766 mWm-2) to 1.7334 Vm-1 (0.0079 Wm-2). The presence of devices was seen to increase the amount of radiation in the environment. The questionnaire results indicated that there was need to further educate the public on the effects of these radiations and precautionary to be adopted for safety.
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Rasmussen, Kelli M., Vikas Patil, Hsu-Chih Chien, Deborah Kay Morreall, Catherine Li, Zachary R. Burningham, Brian C. Sauer, and Ahmad S. Halwani. "Real-World Practice Patterns in a Nationwide Cohort of Veterans with Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 5270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127738.
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Background Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare indolent cancer. Because of its low incidence, the treatment practices for WM primarily rely on data from phase 2 trials, which often have no consensus as to how to best treat this uncommon disease. The heterogeneity of treatments available can be observed in clinical practice guidelines, which recommend traditional chemotherapies, second-generation proteasome inhibitors, multiagent immunotherapies, and the novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ibrutinib (IBR). Yet, despite clinical evidence and treatment guidelines recommending multiagent chemoimmunotherapy in first-line (1L) patients with WM, a majority of patients still receive monotherapy, namely chlorambucil in Europe and monotherapy rituximab (R) in the United States. To date, there have been no reports on the real-world treatment practices in 1L of WM since the introduction of IBR. The primary objective of this study is to understand the 1L treatment practices for WM in a nationwide cohort of Veterans treated in the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States, the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Methods Using the VA Cancer Registry System and electronic healthcare records, we identified Veterans diagnosed with WM between January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2018. Treatment regimens were classified in accordance with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for WM (versions 1.2006, 2.2013, and 2.2019). Eligible patients were followed until loss to follow-up, death or the end of the study observation period (June 30, 2019). The 1L of treatment was examined; with the start date for 1L being the index date. Patients with a cancer diagnosis other than WM and patients who did not receive 1L treatment were excluded from the study. Results We identified 340 patients who were diagnosed with WM and received a 1L treatment regimen between 2006-2019 in the VA. Median age at diagnosis was 68 years (range: 37-92); 334 (98%) of patients were male. Demographics are further described in Table 1. At diagnosis, the median serum IgM was 3083 mg/dl (range: 10-11500), the median hemoglobin was 11 g/dl (range: 5-17), and the platelet count was 204 k/dl (range: 5-732). A noticeable shift in the adoption of treatments can be observed when comparing treatment practices in patients treated between 2006-2009, 2010-2014, and those treated between 2015-2019. From 2006-2009 the majority of 1L patients received monotherapy with R (23, 37%) or chlorambucil (14, 22%). Between 2010-2014, the majority of patients received monotherapy R (43, 34%), with increasing adoption of bendamustine + R (8, 6%) and bortezomib (27, 21%). Between 2015-2019, IBR became the leading 1L treatment (38, 25%), followed by bendamustine + R (33, 22%), monotherapy R (33, 22%), and bortezomib + R (28, 19%). The estimated survival rate of WM patients treated with 1L was 79% at three-years, 68% at 5-years, and 55% at 7-years. Conclusions Our study is one of the first to examine the real-world treatment practices of WM patients treated with 1L after the approval of novel agent IBR. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of treatment options available for WM patients. We also describe the evolution of treatment choices in 1L over the last decade: from chlorambucil and rituximab monotherapy, to ibrutinib, bendamustine, and bortezomib. Retrospective and/or observational studies examining treatments and outcomes in WM patients should take these shifts in treatment practices into consideration. Given the persistent utilization of monotherapy R as a treatment in 1L, despite the superior efficacy of other treatment options such as ibrutinib, bendamustine and bortezomib regimens, our results indicate the need for continued efforts to educate clinicians about the appropriate treatment options available for this rare disease. Acknowledgments: The study was sponsored by Pharmacyclics Disclosures Sauer: University of Utah and SLC VA Medical Center: Employment. Halwani:Genentech, Inc.: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Immune Design: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Miragen: Research Funding.
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Chen, Jiaji G., Xia Liu, Jie Chen, Lian Xu, Nicholas Tsakmaklis, Maria Demos, Christopher J. Patterson, et al. "Acquisition of BTK C481S Produces Resistance to Ibrutinib in MYD88 Mutated WM and ABC DLBCL Cells That Is Accompanied By ERK1/2 Hyperactivation, and Is Targeted By the Addition of the ERK1/2 Inhibitor Ulixertinib." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2764.2764.
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Abstract Activating mutations in MYD88 mutations trigger BTK (Yang et al, Blood 2013; Wilson et al, Nat. Med. 2015) and HCK (Yang et al, Blood 2016) activation in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) and ABC-DLBCL, which activate multiple downstream pro-survival signaling cascades that include NFkB, AKT, and ERK1/2. Ibrutinib targets BTK and HCK, and shows high levels of activity in MYD88 mutated WM and ABC DLBCL. Resistance to ibrutinib has been observed in CLL, MCL, and in WM (Xu et al, submitted) due to acquisition of mutations that impact the binding of ibrutinib to BTK at Cysteine 481, which include the C481S mutation. To explore the functional impact of the BTK C481S mutation on ibrutinib treatment in MYD88 mutated WM and ABC DLBCL cells, we transduced MYD88 L265P mutated BCWM.1 and MWCL-1 WM, and TMD-8 and HBL-1 ABC DLBCL cell lines with either lentiviral vector alone, or lentiviral vectors expressing BTK wild-type (BTK WT) or BTK with C481S (BTK C481S) mutation. Transduction with BTK C481S led to a 1-3 log fold increase in EC50 for ibrutinib versus vector only or BTK WT transduced cells. BTK C481S expressing cells showed hyperphosphorylation of PLCγ2 (Tyr 1217) which is immediately downstream of BTK, and ERK1/2 (Thr 202/Tyr 204) versus vector only or BTK WT cells in all four MYD88 mutated cell lines following ibrutinib (0.1, 0.5 uM) treatment for 2 hrs. In contrast, no changes in the phospho-IKBa (Ser 32), the gatekeeper of NFkB, nor phospho-AKT (Ser 473) or p38MAPK (Thr 180/Tyr 182) were observed between vector only, BTK WT or BTK C481S transduced cells following ibrutinib treatment. Given the hyperactivation of ERK1/2 in BTK C481S transduced cells treated with ibrutinib, we next evaluated the activity of ulixertinib (BVD-523, VRT752271), a highly selective ERK1/2 inhibitor that is currently under clinical investigation. Ulixertinib blocked ERK1/2 activity as evidenced by reduction of phospho-p90RSK (Ser 380) by western blot analysis in BTK C481S transduced BCWM.1 and TMD-8 cells. The combination of ulixertinib with ibrutinib produced higher levels of tumor cell killing than either agent alone, and showed synergistic interactions with combination index (CI) values below 1.0 at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Our data indicate that acquisition of BTK C481S produces resistance to ibrutinib in MYD88 mutated WM and ABC DLBCL cells that is accompanied by ERK1/2 hyperactivation. The addition of the ERK1/2 inhibitor ulixertinib to ibrutinib at pharmacologically relevant concentrations produced synergistic tumor cell killing in BTK C481S ibrutinib resistant cells. The findings provide rationale for the investigation of ERK1/2 inhibitors in ibrutinib resistant MYD88 driven WM and ABC DLBCL disease mediated by BTK mutations. Disclosures Castillo: Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Millennium: Research Funding; Biogen: Consultancy; Otsuka: Consultancy; Abbvie: Research Funding. Treon:Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy.
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Varettoni, Marzia, Luca Arcaini, Silvia Zibellini, Emanuela Boveri, Sara Rattotti, Roberta Riboni, Alessandro Corso, et al. "Prevalence and Clinical Significance of the MYD88 (L265P) Somatic Mutation in Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, IgM-Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance or Other Mature B-Cell Neoplasms." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2667.2667.
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Abstract Abstract 2667 Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by bone marrow infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma associated with a monoclonal component of IgM type in the serum. WM is often preceded by an IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (IgM-MGUS). The cumulative probability of progression of IgM-MGUS to WM or to other lymphoproliferative disorders is approximately 1.5% per year. Other mature B-cell neoplasms such as splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) and B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPD) can carry an IgM monoclonal component and should therefore be considered in differential diagnosis with WM. In a study based on parallel sequencing of the whole genome of lymphoplasmacytic cells and paired normal tissue from WM patients, Treon et al (Blood. 2011;118:Abstract 300) have identified a highly recurrent somatic mutation with oncogenic activity in the myeloid differentiation primary response (MYD88) gene, leading to a change from leucine to proline at position 265 of the aminoacid sequence [MYD88 (L265P)]. Targeted Sanger resequencing showed MYD88 (L265P) in 90% of WM patients, but only in a minority of patients with IgM-MGUS or other mature B-cell neoplasms such as SMZL. We developed an allele-specific PCR for the MYD88 (L265P) mutation, and studied 58 patients with WM, 77 with IgM-MGUS, 84 with splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) and 52 with B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPD). DNA was obtained from bone marrow cells (n=204) and peripheral blood (n=67). The aims of this study were: i) to assess the prevalence of the mutation in WM, IgM-MGUS, SMZL, and B-CLPD; ii) to analyze the relationship between MYD88 (L265P) mutation and clinical phenotype; iii) to evaluate the impact of the mutation on the risk of progression from IgM-MGUS WM or other lymphoproliferative disorders. The MYD88 (L265P) mutation was detected in 58/58 (100%) patients with WM, either asymptomatic (n=39) or symptomatic (n=18), and in 36/77 (47%) patients with IgM-MGUS. In addition, it was detected in 5/84 (6%) patients with SMZL and in 3/52 (6%) with B-CLPD; of these MYD88 (L265P)-positive subjects, 4 SMZL and 2 B-CLPD patients carried a serum IgM monoclonal component, while the remaining B-CLPD patient carried a double (IgM and IgG) monoclonal component. Compared with IgM-MGUS patients with wild-type MYD88, those carrying MYD88 (L265P) had significantly higher levels of IgM (P<.0001), lower levels of IgG (P=.04) and IgA (P=.04), and higher incidence of Bence-Jones proteinuria at diagnosis (P=.002). During the follow-up, 9 patients with IgM-MGUS progressed to WM (7 cases) or to marginal zone lymphoma (2 cases). Using a case-control approach, the risk of evolution of patients with MYD88 (L265P) was significantly higher as compared to that of patients with wild-type MYD88 sequence (OR 4.7, 95% confidence interval 0.8–48.7, P=.047). In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that: i) the allele-specific PCR we developed is able to detect the MYD88 (L265P) mutation in all patients with WM and in nearly half the patients with IgM-MGUS, and therefore represents a useful diagnostic tool; ii) MYD88 (L265P) is an uncommon molecular lesion in SMZL and in B-CLPD, but is associated with an IgM monoclonal component in the few positive patients, suggesting that some cases of B-CLPD might be included in the spectrum of WM; iii) in IgM-MGUS, the mutation is associated with greater disease burden and higher risk of disease progression, and therefore represents a useful prognostic marker. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Klimanova, E. A., and T. V. Konovalova. "Polymorphism of the BMP-15 locus in Romanov sheep in Western Siberia." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 26, 2023): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-67-2-197-204.
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Currently, selective selection takes into account gene polymorphisms associated not only with multiple pregnancies (growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9), bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-IB), etc.) but also with milk parameters (β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), αS1-casein) and meat (myostatin (MSTN), calpastatin (CAST), calpain (CAPN1)) productivity. Thus, genes associated with the transforming growth factor began to be monitored to improve reproductive performance in sheep breeding: BMP-15, GDF-9, and BMPR-IB. Genetic markers related to animal reproduction are exciting, with several productive indicators and other evaluation criteria that have not been previously studied. Work on the relationship of animal gene inheritance with biochemical, haematological, environmental and zootechnical indicators is particularly relevant. In this paper, we consider genotypic variability in Romanov sheep for the BMP-15 gene locus, which belongs to the genes of the β-growth factor family. The distribution of genotypes in sheep of the Romanov breed in the conditions of Western Siberia was as follows: for ewes, the frequencies of genotypes WW–25%, WM–75, and MM–0%; for sheep - 0, 80 and 20%, respectively. All three genotypes (WW, WM, and MM) were identified in the studied sheep. The results differ from the data obtained in several other works on foreign sheep breeds (short-tailed sheep Khan, Awassi, Barki, Ossimi, Rahmani, etc.). It is interesting to study the BMP-15 locus further to establish its associations with biochemical and haematological parameters and the hormonal status of sheep.
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Kwak, Sung-Gyu, Go-Eun Lee, and Il-Ho Kim. "Electronic Transport and Thermoelectric Properties of Te-Doped Tetrahedrites Cu12Sb4-yTeyS13." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 59, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2021.59.8.560.
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Tetrahedrite is a promising thermoelectric material mainly due to its low thermal conductivity, a consequence of its complicated crystal structure. However, tetrahedrite has a high hole concentration; therefore, optimizing carrier concentration through doping is required to maximize the power factor. In this study, Te-doped tetrahedrites Cu12Sb4-yTeyS13 (0.1 ≤ y ≤ 0.4) were prepared using mechanical alloying and hot pressing. The mechanical alloying successfully prepared the tetrahedrites doped with Te at the Sb sites without secondary phases, and the hot pressing produced densely sintered bodies with a relative density >99.7%. As the Te content increased, the lattice constant increased from 1.0334 to 1.0346 nm, confirming the successful substitution of Te at the Sb sites. Te-doped tetrahedrites exhibited p-type characteristics, which were confirmed by the positive signs of the Hall and Seebeck coefficients. The carrier concentration decreased but the mobility increased with Te content. The electrical conductivity was relatively constant at 323–723 K, and decreased with Te substitution from 2.6 × 104 to 1.6 × 104 Sm-1 at 723 K. The Seebeck coefficient increased with temperature and Te content, achieving values of 184–204 μVK-1 at 723 K. The thermal conductivity was <1.0 Wm-1K-1, and decreased with increasing Te content. Cu12Sb3.9Te0.1S13 exhibited the highest dimensionless figure of merit (ZT = 0.80) at 723 K, achieving a high power factor (0.91 mWm-1K-2) and a low thermal conductivity (0.80 Wm-1K-1).
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Nelson, Sydney, Lawrence H. Boise, Jonathan L. Kaufman, Leonard T. Heffner, Nishi N. Shah, Mary Jo Lechowicz, Sagar Lonial, and Ajay K. Nooka. "Changing Epidemiology and Improved Survival In Patients With Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia: Review Of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Data." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3135.3135.
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Abstract Background Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a hematological malignancy that affects 1500 people each year in the United States. Due to lack of literature on era comparative population-based analysis, we have analyzed Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data to evaluate the changes in incidence and survival patterns in the new millennium where modern therapeutic agents such as rituximab, immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors were offered to WM patients; in contrast to the earlier period when they were non-existent. Methods The SEER 18 registry which includes data from 1973-2010 from 18 geographic areas including 28% of US representative population was used in analysis. ICD-O-3 code 9761 was used for identifying patients for this analysis. SEER* Stat 8.0.4 is used to calculate age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates based on race, gender, and age for patients. Age adjusted rates were used in this anlaysis to avoid confounding variables when comparing rates over time. Results We have included 4304 patients in the analysis (1244 patients diagnosed before 2000 and 3060 patients after 2000). The incidence rate of WM increased with age. The 10 year cumulative incidence rate per 100,000 by age stratification (<50 yrs, 50-59 yrs, 60-69 yrs, 70-79 yrs and >80) are 0.02%, 0.40%, 1.01%, 2.14% and 2.98% respectively. Over the last decade the trend of incidence rate in WM has been steadily decreasing across all age groups (Figure 1). Median survival for all WM patients is 74 months (m) (70.2-77.8). Significant survival improvement was seen in the current era (median survival ≥2000 vs. <2000: 84 m (79.8-92.2) vs. 64 m (57-67); p=0.000) Survival difference ≥2000 vs. <2000 was seen across most groups (male: 83 m vs. 58 m, p=0.000; female: 87 m vs. 70 m, p=0.004; white: 85 m vs. 62 m, p=0.000; age 50-59: 122 vs NR; p=0.002; age 60-69: 123 vs. 81 m; p=0.000; age 70-79: 69 vs. 53 m; p=0.001; age >80: 36 vs. 31 m; p=0.05). Younger patients <50 (NR vs. 204 m, p=0.53) and African American patients (75 m vs. 62 m, p=0.72) did not see survival benefit. Conclusion The incidence rates of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia are trending down over the last decade for reasons unclear. The survival rates have significantly improved across most stratifications of age, sex, gender in the new millennium. These results could be secondary to the favorable impact of new drugs used in treating patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Also should be taken into consideration, that the current classification for WM took place in the new millennium which is a limitation for interpretation of this survival benefit observed. Disclosures: Boise: Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Kaufman:Onyx: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy; Millenium: Consultancy; Merck: Research Funding. Heffner:Genentech: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Biotest: Honoraria, Research Funding; Onyx: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Research Funding. Lonial:Millennium: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy.
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Sullivan-Dunbar, Sandra. "Grenholm, Cristina. Motherhood and Love: Beyond the Gendered Stereotypes of Theology. Translated by, Marie Tåqvist. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2011. xx+204 pp. $25.00 (paper)." Journal of Religion 93, no. 1 (January 2013): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669836.
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Barnard, D. L., V. D. Hubbard, D. F. Smee, R. W. Sidwell, K. G. W. Watson, S. P. T. Tucker, and P. A. R. Reece. "In Vitro Activity of Expanded-Spectrum Pyridazinyl Oxime Ethers Related to Pirodavir: Novel Capsid-Binding Inhibitors with Potent Antipicornavirus Activity." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 5 (May 2004): 1766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.5.1766-1772.2004.
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ABSTRACT Picornaviruses (PV) include human rhinovirus (HRV), the primary cause of the common cold, and the enteroviruses (EV), which cause serious diseases such as poliomyelitis, meningoencephalitis, and systemic neonatal disease. Although no compounds for PV infections have been approved in the United States, pirodavir was one of the most promising capsid-binding compounds to show efficacy in human clinical trials for chemoprophylaxis of the common cold. Susceptibility to hydrolysis precluded its use as an oral agent. We have developed orally bioavailable pyridazinyl oxime ethers that are as potent as pirodavir. Compounds BTA39 and BTA188 inhibited a total of 56 HRV laboratory strains and three clinical isolates as determined by neutral red uptake assay. At concentrations of <100 nM, BTA39 inhibited 69% of the HRV serotypes and isolates evaluated, BTA188 inhibited 75%, and pirodavir inhibited 59% of the serotypes and isolates. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) for the two compounds ranged from 0.5 nM to 6,701 nM. The compounds also inhibited EV, including coxsackie A and B viruses (IC50 = 773 to 3,608 nM) and echoviruses (IC50 = 193 to 5,155 nM). BTA39 only inhibited poliovirus strain WM-1 at 204 nM, and BTA188 only inhibited poliovirus strain Chat at 82 nM. EV 71 was inhibited by BTA39 and BTA188, with IC50s of 1 and 82 nM, respectively. Both compounds were relatively nontoxic in actively growing cells (50% cytotoxic doses, ≥4,588 nM). These data suggest that these oxime ethers warrant further investigation as potential agents for treating selected PV infections.
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Buske, Christian, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Alexander Grunenberg, Efstathios Kastritis, Cecile Tomowiak, Béatrice Mahé, Xavier Troussard, et al. "Bortezomib in Combination with Dexamethasone, Rituximab and Cyclophosphamide (B-DRC) As First - Line Treatment of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia: Results of a Prospectively Randomized Multicenter European Phase II Trial." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-140933.
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Background: Rituximab/chemotherapy is still one of the cornerstones of treatment for patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) despite the emergence of BTK inhibitors. Beside Rituximab-Bendamustine the combination Dexamethasone, Rituximab and Cyclophospamide (DRC) is the most widely recommended immunochemotherapy in national and international guidelines based on its low myelotoxicity and anti-lymphoma activity in WM. In addition, the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (B) has shown significant activity in WM as single agent or combined with Rituximab and/or Dexamethasone. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of Bortezomib-DRC (B-DRC) as first line treatment in WM. Methods: In this prospective randomized multicenter European phase II study, patients with the diagnosis of WM confirmed by reference pathology and in need of treatment were randomized 1:1 to DRC (Dexamethasone 20 mg orally d1, Rituximab 375 mg/m2 IV d1 cycle 1 and 1400 mg SC d1 cycle 2-6, Cyclophosphamide 100 mg/m2 x 2 orally d1-5) or to B-DRC (DRC plus Bortezomib SC 1,6mg/m2 day 1, 8, 15) for 6 cycles (28d interval). Primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included response rates, overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Results: Of 204 registered patients, 2 patients were excluded due to incorrect randomization. Median follow-up was 27.5 months at the time of the data cut. Median age was 68 years (range 34-89) in both arms. According to the ISSWM prognostic score 14 % of patients were at low, 73 % at intermediate and 13 % at high risk in both treatment arms. Median baseline hemoglobin for B-DRC and DRC was 10.0 and 9.8 g/dl and median baseline IgM 31.7 and 31.9 g/dl, respectively. Mutational status was available for 72 patients: in the B-DCR vs DRC treatment arm 26 and 16 patients were MYD88 mutated (MYD88MT) and CXCR4 wildtype (CXCR4WT), 8 and 12 patients were MYD88MT/CXCR4MT and 5 and 5 patients MYD88WT/CXCR4WT, respectively. Median PFS has not been reached in the B-DRC arm (95% CI: 33.5; --) compared to 50.1 months in the DRC arm (95% CI: 31.1; --) with an estimated PFS at 24 months of 80.6 % (95% CI: 69.5; 88.0) and 72.8 % (95% CI: 61.3; 81.3), respectively (p=0.32). Median OS has not been reached in either treatment arm with 5 deaths and 6 deaths in the B-DRC and DRC arm, respectively. At the end of treatment B-DRC induced major responses (at least PR) in 79.1 % of patients (vs 68.9% for DRC) and a CR/VGPR in 18.7 % of patients (vs 11.1 % for DRC) with an overall response of 91.2 compared to 86.7 % for DRC. Compared to baseline IgM decreased by 79 % and 73 % and Hb increased by 28 % and 32 % in the B-DRC and DRC arm, respectively. Responses and PFS were independent of the mutational status in both treatment arms. B-DRC and DRC were well tolerated: grade ≥3 AEs occurred in 48% of all patients (B-DRC 48%, DRC 47%). Most common grade ≥3 AEs included neutropenia (25%), anemia (6%), and thrombocytopenia (5%). Overall, 16 pts (8%) developed infections (1% grade ≥3). Serious AEs occurred in 40 pts (20%) (DRC: 26 (26%), B-DRC: 14 (14%)). Peripheral sensory neuropathy occurred in 18 patients treated with B-DRC (2 patients with grade 3, 16 patients grade 1-2) and in 3 patients treated with DRC (all grade 1 and 2). Conclusions: This is the first and largest prospective randomized trial to evaluate bortezomib in combination with standard immunochemotherapy, demonstrating that B-DRC is a well-tolerated regimen which induces a high rate of major responses including deep remissions after 6 months of treatment with a 2-year PFS of 81%, independently of the mutational status of MYD88 and CXCR4. At this time point of analysis, adding Bortezomib to DRC did not induce significant differences in PFS compared to DRC alone. Future trials will have to compare chemotherapy-free approaches such as continuous treatment with BTK inhibitors with fixed duration treatments exemplified by B-DRC to understand which of the two treatment approaches offers the highest long - term sustained clinical benefit to WM patients. Disclosures Buske: Roche, Janssen, Bayer, MSD: Research Funding; Morphosys: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche, Janssen, AbbVie, Pfizer, Celltrion: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Dimopoulos:Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Personal fees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Personal fees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Personal fees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Personal fees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Personal fees, Speakers Bureau. Kastritis:Genesis Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Tomowiak:Roche: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Beigene: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria. Hajek:Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; PharmaMar: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy. Viardot:Roche: Honoraria, Other: advisory board; Kite/Gilead: Honoraria, Other: advisory board; Novartis: Honoraria, Other: advisory board; Amgen: Honoraria, Other: advisory board. Aurran:Janssen: Honoraria. Lepretre:Gilead: Honoraria; Astra Zeneca: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Leblond:AbbVie: Honoraria; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astra Zeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Lilly: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Astra Zeneca: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; Beigene: Honoraria; Beigene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. de Guibert:Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria. Garcia-Sanz:Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding. Gomes da Silva:roche: Consultancy; abbvie: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; MSD: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy. Morel:Janssen: Honoraria. OffLabel Disclosure: Bortezomib in combination with DRC in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wm 204"
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Etzrodt, Norbert. "Anwendung multiparametrischer Fernerkundungsdaten zur Ökosystem-Kartierung und Regionalisierung von Transpirations-Flussmessungen in Zentralsibirien." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B25E-8.
Full textBooks on the topic "Wm 204"
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Beck, Bill. Ziegler: 100 years of building and growing, 1914 - 2014. Minneapolis, MN: The Donning Company Publishers, 2014.
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Seiler, Otto J. Aug. Bolten, Wm. Miller's Nachfolger: 200 Jahre hamburgische Seeschiffahrt. Hamburg: Mittler, 2001.
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Claire, Berman, and Shi Xirong, eds. Shi shui zai shuo hua. Taibei Shi: Xin miao wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2008.
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Murray, Parkes Colin, Hinde J. S, and Marris Peter, eds. Attachment across the life cycle. London: Tavistock/Routledge, 1991.
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1947-, Tasman Allan, ed. DSM-IV-TR mental disorders: Diagnosis, etiology, and treatment. Chichester, West Sussex: J. Wiley, 2004.
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1951-, Robertson Ian, ed. Problem drinking. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
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1951-, Robertson Ian, ed. Problem drinking. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
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Synaesthesia and the Ancient Senses. Routledge, 2014.
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Nieland, Jörg-Uwe, Jürgen Mittag, Michael Meyen, and Holger Ihle. Globales Mega-Event und nationaler Konfliktherd: Die Fußball-WM 2014 in Medien und Politik. Springer VS, 2017.
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Demons: Our changing attitudes to alcohol, tobacco, & drugs. Oxford University Press, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Wm 204"
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Guazzelli, César Augusto Barcellos, and Rafael Belló Klein. "Der brasilianische Fußball bis zur WM 2014." In Fußball als Soziales Feld, 39–48. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11679-8_4.
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Wagner, Fabio P., and Julian M. L. Wilsch. "Sporttourismus – Reisemotivation von deutschen Fußballfans bei der WM 2014 in Brasilien." In Sportgeographie, 321–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66634-0_19.
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Ihle, Holger. "Die Fußball-WM 2014 in Brasilien als Sportgroßveranstaltung – kommunikations- und politikwissenschaftliche Zugänge." In Globales Mega-Event und nationaler Konfliktherd, 3–27. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16197-2_1.
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Burk, Verena, and Christoph G. Grimmer. "Die Fußball-WM 2014 im Fokus der Sozialen Medien – Information, Partizipation, Interaktion." In Globales Mega-Event und nationaler Konfliktherd, 83–105. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16197-2_5.
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Raza, Gulfam, Saqib Iqbal, and Abdul Samad Farooq. "Paraffin Wax-Based Thermal Composites." In Paraffin - Thermal Energy Storage Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97195.
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Paraffin waxes are organic phase change materials possessing a great potential to store and release thermal energy. The reversible solid–liquid phase change phenomenon is the under-lying mechanism enabling the paraffin waxes as robust thermal reservoirs based on inherently high latent heat (i.e., ~200–250 J/g). However, the main drawback of paraffin waxes is their inability to expedite the phase change process owing to low thermal conductivity (i.e., ~0.19–0.35 Wm−1 K−1). This drawback has long been documented as a technological challenge of paraffin waxes especially for temperature-control applications where faster thermal storage/release is necessitated, encompassing thermal management of batteries, thermoelectric modules and photovoltaic panels. Besides, sustaining the solid-like form of paraffin waxes (shape-stability) is also recommended to avoid the liquid drainage threats for crucial applications, like thermal management of buildings and fabrics. These objectives can be met by developing the paraffin wax-based thermal composites (PWTCs) with help of various thermal reinforcements. However, PWTCs also encounter severe challenges, probably due to lack of design standards. This chapter attempts presenting the recent advances and major bottlenecks of PWTCs, as well as proposing the design standards for optimal PWTCs. Also, the fundamental classification of phase change phenomenon, paraffin waxes and potential thermal reinforcements is thoroughly included.
Conference papers on the topic "Wm 204"
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Marques, Ion, and Manuel Grana. "Sparse unmixing via WM algorithm for hyperspectral images." In 2014 6th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2014.8077637.
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Viltart, Patrick, and Franc¸ois Jacquiot. "Development of a Dual-Diameter 10”/12” High Resolution Ultrasonic (WM) Tool." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0132.
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Trapil is Europe’s leading refined product pipeline operator, with approximately 4,700 kilometers of pipeline in three networks in France. The Le Havre-Paris network has a number of dual-diameter 10” and 123/4” seamless lines in the Paris region. Built in the 1950s and 1960s, they are now located in heavily-populated areas where excavation to assess defects or perform repairs is difficult. Best in-line inspection practice for this type of line recommends the use of ultrasonic tools because of their depth-sizing accuracy and detection capabilities. The need for a dual-diameter, high-resolution ultrasonic tool to survey six 10”–123/4” lines prompted Trapil to develop its own tool offering a variety of benefits, such as using the RSTRENG effective area method to perform fitness-for-purpose calculations prior to excavation and determining the shape of dents.
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McMaster, Mary L., Lynn R. Goldin, Melissa Rotunno, Ji He, Laurie Burdette, Amy Hutchinson, Joseph Boland, et al. "Abstract 1300: Exploration of rare variants from exome sequencing in families with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM)." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1300.
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Herman Shen, M. H., Sajedur Akanda, Xia Liu, and Peng Wang. "Assessment of Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Crack Growth Threshold of a Welded Joint Constituent of a Steam Turbine LP Rotor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25422.
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In order to ensure safety and reliability of steam turbine welded rotors, the present investigation focuses on evaluation of crack initiation, growth, and resistance parameters of base metal (BM), weld metal (WM) and heat affected zone (HAZ) of a steam turbine rotor welded joint constituent. The experimental part consists of three-point bending conducted on single edge notch bend specimens to induce stable crack propagation. The crack size was calculated by incorporating the crack opening displacement measured by a clip-gage, in a compliance method. The fatigue crack threshold was obtained from a crack growth rate curve according to ASTM E647 and the fracture toughness was determined from a J-based resistance curve according to ASTM E1820. From the experimental results the fatigue crack threshold is found to be a function of loading ratio rather than a single material parameter. From the fracture toughness results, the WM and the BM are found to have similar KIc values whereas HAZ is found to have slightly better KIc values although HAZ had little crack extension during the experiments.
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Yang, Y., and M. Asheghi. "Thermal Characterization of Cu/CoFe Multilayer for Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Head Applications." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62113.
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Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) head technology is one of the latest advancement in hard disk drive (HDD) storage industry. The GMR head superlattice structure consists of alternating layers of extremely thin metallic ferromagnet and paramagnet films. A large decrease in the resistivity from antiparallel to parallel alignment of the film magnetizations can be observed, known as giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect. The present work characterizes the in-plane electrical and thermal conductivities of Cu/CoFe GMR multilayer structure in the temperature range of 50 K to 340 K using Joule-heating and electrical resistance thermometry in suspended bridges. The thermal conductivity of the GMR layer monotonously increased from 25 Wm−1K−1 (at 55 K) to nearly 50 Wm−1K−1 (at room temperature). We also report the GMR ratio of 17% and a large negative magnetothermal resistance effect (GMTR) of 33% in Cu/CoFe superlattice structure. The Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is used to estimate the GMR ratio, and to investigate the effect of repeats, as well as the spin-dependent interface and boundary scatting on the transport properties of the GMR structure. Aside from the interesting underlying physics, these data can be used in the predictions of the Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) failure and self-heating in GMR heads.
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Xie, Huaqing, An Cai, and Xinwei Wang. "Thermal Transport Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21033.
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A laser flash technique was applied to measure the thermal diffusivity along a multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) array in temperature range of −55∼200 °C. In the measurements, a nanosecond pulsed laser was used to realize noncontact heating and the temperature variations were recorded by an infrared detector. The experimental results show that the thermal diffusivity of the CNT array increases slightly with temperature in the −55∼70 °C temperature range and exhibits no obvious change in the −75∼200 °C temperature range. The CNT array has much larger thermal diffusivity than several known excellent thermal conductors, reaching about 4.6 cm2s−1 at room temperature. The mean thermal conductivity (λ) of individual CNTs was further estimated from the thermal diffusivity, specific heat (Cp), and density (ρ) by using the correlation of λ = αρCp. The thermal conductivity of individual CNTs increases smoothly with the temperature increase, reaching about 750 Wm−1K−1 at room temperature.
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Reifenberg, J., R. England Voss, P. Rao, W. Schmitt, Y. Yang, S. Shojaei-Zadeh, W. Liu, S. M. Sadeghipour, and M. Asheghi. "Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Thin Aluminum Layers Using Steady State Joule Heating and Electrical Resistance Thermometry in Suspended Bridges." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42055.
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Thin metallic film layers are extensively used as the constituents of the micro-devices. The reliability of these devices, therefore, strongly depends on the thermal behavior of such film layers. Aluminum thin film layers are of particular interest in this respect. The lateral thermal conductivity of the aluminum film layers is measured, using the steady state electrical Joule heating and electrical resistance thermometry technique. Aluminum suspended microbridges of identical thicknesses (500 nm) and variable widths (16 to 18 μm) and/or lengths (200 to 500 μm) are fabricated, using conventional microfabrication processes. The lateral thermal conductivity of the 500 nm thick Aluminum film layer was found to be k = 174 ± 13 Wm−1 K−1, at room temperature (300 K).
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Wong, C. F., O. Odejimi, B. M. Conn, J. Davis, J. Ataiants, E. V. Fedorova, M. Suen, S. J. Lee, A. Osornio, and S. E. Lankenau. "Gender by Ethnicity Differences in Trajectory of Cannabis Use Among Cannabis-Using Young Adults during Pre- and Post-Recreational Cannabis Legalization (RCL) in Los Angeles." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.22.
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Introduction: By the end of 2022, most states across the US except for three would have enacted some form of legalized cannabis policy. Support for the legalization of cannabis for recreational purposes are particularly high among young adults. Given the rapidly changing policy landscape, understanding how these policies may have impacted cannabis use among different groups of young people can help inform current and future policy decisions and programs/intervention to curb problematic use. There is evidence to suggest significant and meaningful differences in use behaviors among individuals from different racial/ethnic backgrounds and gender identities. However, limited research has examined how these groups based on the intersection of these identities might differ in their cannabis use prior to and after recreational cannabis legalization (RCL). Method: 366 cannabis-using young adults (aged 18-26) comprising 210 medical cannabis patients and 156 non-patients were surveyed annually between 2014-2020 in Los Angeles culminating into 6 waves of data. Bilinear spline growth curve models examined changes in cannabis use trajectory, with three waves pre-RCL and three waves post-RCL after accounting for patient status and age. Multi-group analyses investigated differences between six genderXrace/ethnicity subgroups: 1) African American Females (AAF); 2) Caucasian/White Females (WF); 3) Hispanic Females/Latina (HF); 4) African American Males (AAM); 5) Caucasian/White Males (WM); and 6) Hispanic Males/Latino (HM). Omnibus tests investigated homogeneity in the latent growth constructs across the 6 groups. We tested equality of covariances (correlations) and means across groups (p < .05). If inequality was shown, further tests were conducted. Results: Overall, significant group differences were observed in cannabis use trajectories and the correlations between intercepts and growth factors. Specifically, HF, HM, AAM and WM reported moderate level of cannabis use (between 50 to 56 days of use) compared to AAF and WF at baseline, whereby AAF reported significantly higher use (70.72 days) relative to all other groups. In contrast, WF reported significantly lower use (35.42 days). There were different patterns in pre-RCL growth parameters. Whereas AAF and HF had relatively flat rate of change, WF, WM, and HM had relatively similar significant decrease in use pre-RCL. Interestingly, during the period post-RCL, AAF, WM, and HM all showed significant decline in use, but WF was the only group with a significant increase in use while HF and AAM had modest increases in use. While baseline use generally predicted pre-RCL use within each subgroup (for some, baseline use led to more rapid increase while for others, it led to more rapid decrease in use), this is less true for post-RCL use. Significant effects associated with age and patient status were also observed. Conclusions: These are among the first findings to show how cannabis policy has differentially impacted cannabis use behaviors prior to and after RCL among a diverse population of cannabis-using young adults. Additional research should investigate potential mechanisms of these difference and longer-term health impacts.
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Kotani, Masafumi. "Manufacturing Organizational Memory: Logged Conversation Thread." In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2768.
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Though not especially media-rich, mailing lists remain in use and retain popularity for their built-in technological controls and their capability to “reply” to a message (“continuing a thread”). The motivation for extracting knowledge fragments from the unstructured text of mailing lists is compelling, though successes doing so may be considered only partial because it requires mental processing, or a certain cognitive effort, that complicates automation. Cognitive psychology distinguishes the Long Term Memory (LTM), which may be compared to text thread storage, from the Working Memory (WM), which initiates the retrieval of knowledge fragments stored in the LTM. Searching by subject, date, and time stamp ranges, and by keyword-inclusive fragments, constitutes the commonly used methods for executing sequential LTM retrieval. Retrieval can, however, be greatly enhanced by automatically gleaning certain classes of threads from the entire structure and displaying them alongside other properties. Here, we describe automatic “class” extraction and its effect on OM manufacturing and LTM retrieval.
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Hong, Chungpyo, and Yutaka Asako. "Heat Transfer Characteristics of Gaseous Flows in Micro-Channels With Negative Heat Flux." In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96163.
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Two-dimensional compressible momentum and energy equations are solved to obtain the heat transfer characteristics of gaseous flows in micro-channels with CHF (constant heat flux) whose value is negative. The combined effect of viscous dissipation and compressibility is also investigated. The numerical methodology is based on the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. The computations are performed for channels with constant heat flux with range from −104 to −102 Wm−2. The channel height ranges from 10 to 100 μm and the aspect ratio of the channel height and length is 200. The stagnation pressure varies from 120 to 500 kPa. The outlet pressure is fixed at the atmosphere. The wall and bulk temperatures in micro-channels are compared with those of the case of positive heat flux and also compared with those of the incompressible flow in a conventional sized channel. In the case of negative heat flux, temperature profiles normalized by heat flux have different trends in the case of positive heat flux, when flow is fast. A gas temperature falls down due to the energy conversion. A correlation for the prediction of the wall temperature of the gaseous flow in the micro-channel is proposed.
Reports on the topic "Wm 204"
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Guan, Peiyu, Dingkun Gui, and Youhua Xu. Evaluation on the efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponins in the treatment of stroke among elderly people - A systematic review and meta-analysis of 206 randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0042.
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Review question / Objective: Population: The symptoms of the population were in line with the relevant diagnostic criteria for stroke both at home and abroad, and were confirmed as ischemic stroke by medical imaging tests such as MRI or CT.The subject groups were older adults with an average age of over 60, regardless of gender or race. Intervention: Intervention involves single use of PNS or combined use of PNS and WM or PNS and Treatment as usual (TAU). Comparator: All the patients in the controlled group underwent conventional routine treatment to improve their cerebral blood supply and drug treatment. Outcomes: Measurement for the outcomes should be clearly defined and includes at least one of the below items: neurological deficit score, the clinical response rate and assessment of Activities of daily living (ADLs). Study design: All the included studies were RCTs or clinical controlled trials. The study design adopted RCT.