Relevant bibliographies by topics / WLCG

Academic literature on the topic 'WLCG'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 22 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "WLCG":

1

Sharma, Mayank, Maarten Litmaath, Eraldo Silva Junior, and Renato Santana. "Lightweight WLCG Sites." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 07019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921407019.

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This article describes a new framework, called SIMPLE, for settingup and maintaining classic WLCG sites with minimal operational efforts and insights needed into the WLCG middleware. The framework provides a single common interface to install and configure any of its supported grid services, such as Compute Elements, Batch Systems, Worker Nodes and miscellaneous middleware packages. It leverages modern container orchestration tools like Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, and confiuration management tools like Puppet, Ansible, to automate deployment of the WLCG services on behalf of a site admin. The framework is modular and extensible by design. Therefore, it is easy to add support for more grid services as well as infrastructure automation tools to accommodate diverse scenarios at different sites. We provide insight into the design of the framework and our efforts towards development, release and deployment of its first implementation featuring CREAM E, TORQUE Batch System and TORQUE based Worker Nodes.
2

Andreeva, Julia, Alexey Anisenkov, Alessandro Di Girolamo, Panos Paparrigopoulos, and Natalia Diana Szczepanek. "CRIC as a core instrument for WLCG operations." EPJ Web of Conferences 295 (2024): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429501014.

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WLCG is a large heterogeneous computing infrastructure which provides resources for the LHC experiments. The Computing Resource Information Catalogue (CRIC) has been designed as the source for the WLCG topology information. CRIC aims to describe WLCG distributed sites, their services and how the provided resources are used by the LHC experiments. The CRIC instance dedicated to WLCG has become a key service for WLCG computing operations, playing an important role in monitoring, accounting and organisation of the large-scale data challenges and upgrade campaigns. The contribution describes CRIC functionality widely used for the WLCG central operations as well as development plans helping to decrease operational effort.
3

Babik, Marian, Martin Bly, Tim Chown, Jiři Chudoba, Catalin Condurache, Alastair Dewhurst, Xavier Espinal Curull, et al. "IPv6 in production: its deployment and usage in WLCG." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 08010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921408010.

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The fraction of general internet traffic carried over IPv6 continues to grow rapidly. The transition of WLCG central and storage services to dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 is progressing well, thus enabling the use of IPv6-only CPU resources as agreed by the WLCG Management Board and presented by us at CHEP2016. By April 2018, all WLCG Tier-1 data centres should have provided access to their services over IPv6. The LHC experiments have requested all WLCG Tier-2 centres to provide dual-stack access to their storage by the end of LHC Run 2. This paper reviews the status of IPv6 deployment in WLCG.
4

Dack, Thomas, Federica Agostini, Jim Basney, Linda Cornwall, John Steven De Stefano Jr, Dave Dykstra, Francesco Giacomini, et al. "WLCG Transition from X.509 to Tokens. Status, Plans, and Timeline." EPJ Web of Conferences 295 (2024): 04054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429504054.

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Since 2017, the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) has been working towards enabling token-based authentication and authorization throughout its entire middleware stack. Following the initial publication of the WLCG Token Schema v1.0 in 2019, OAuth2.0 token workflows have been integrated across grid middleware. There are many complex challenges to be addressed before the WLCG can be end-to-end token-based, including not just technical hurdles but also interoperability with the wider authentication and authorization landscape. This paper presents the status of the WLCG coordination and deployment work, and how it relates to software providers and partner communities. The authors also detail how the WLCG token transition timeline has progressed, and how it has changed since its publication.
5

Dykstra, Dave. "Web Proxy Auto Discovery for Dynamically Created Web Proxies." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 07026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024507026.

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The WLCG Web Proxy Auto Discovery (WPAD) service provides a convenient mechanism for jobs running anywhere on the WLCG to dynamically discover web proxy cache servers that are nearby. The web proxy caches are general purpose for a number of different http applications, but different applications have different usage characteristics and not all proxy caches are engineered to work with the heaviest loads. For this reason, the initial sources of information for WLCG WPAD were the static configurations that ATLAS and CMS maintain for the Conditions data that they read through the Frontier Distributed Database system, which is the most demanding popular WLCG application for web proxy caches. That works well for use at traditional statically defined WLCG sites, but now that usage of commercial clouds is increasing, there is also a need for web proxy caches to dynamically register themselves as they are created. A package called Shoal had already been created to manage dynamically created web proxy caches. This paper describes the integration of the Shoal package into the WLCG WPAD system, such that both statically and dynamically created web proxy caches can be located from a single source. It also describes other improvements to the WLCG WPAD system since the last CHEP publication.
6

Garrido, Borja, Julia Andreeva, Derek Weitzel, Alessandra Forti, and Shawn McKee. "New XrootD Monitoring Implementation." EPJ Web of Conferences 295 (2024): 01040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429501040.

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Complete and reliable monitoring of the WLCG data transfers is an important condition for effective computing operations of the LHC experiments. WLCG data challenges organized in 2021 and 2022 highlighted the need for improvements in WLCG data traffic monitoring. In particular, it concerns the implementation of remote data access monitoring via the root protocol. It includes data access to native XRootD storage, as well as to other storage solutions. We refer to it as XRootD monitoring. This contribution describes the new implementation of the XRootD monitoring flow, the overall architecture, the deployment scenario, and the integration with the WLCG global monitoring system.
7

Giordano, Domenico, Manfred Alef, and Michele Michelotto. "Next Generation of HEP CPU Benchmarks." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 08011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921408011.

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As of 2009, HEP-SPEC06 (HS06) is the benchmark adopted by the WLCG community to describe the computing requirements of the LHC experiments, to assess the computing capacity of the WLCG data centres and to procure new hardware. In the recent years, following the evolution of CPU architectures and the adoption of new programming paradigms, such as multi-threading and vectorization, it has turned out that HS06 is less representative of the relevant applications running on the WLCG infrastructure. Meanwhile, in 2017 a new SPEC generation of benchmarks for CPU intensive workloads has been released: SPEC CPU 2017. This report summarises the findings of the HEPiX Benchmarking Working Group in comparing SPEC CPU 2017 and other HEP benchmarks with the typical WLCG workloads mixes.
8

Fischer, Max, Eileen Kuehn, Manuel Giffels, Matthias Jochen Schnepf, Andreas Petzold, and Andreas Heiss. "Lightweight dynamic integration of opportunistic resources." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 07040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024507040.

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To satisfy future computing demands of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG), opportunistic usage of third-party resources is a promising approach. While the means to make such resources compatible with WLCG requirements are largely satisfied by virtual machines and containers technologies, strategies to acquire and disband many resources from many providers are still a focus of current research. Existing meta-schedulers that manage resources in the WLCG are hitting the limits of their design when tasked to manage heterogeneous resources from many diverse resource providers. To provide opportunistic resources to the WLCG as part of a regular WLCG site, we propose a new meta-scheduling approach suitable for opportunistic, heterogeneous resource provisioning. Instead of anticipating future resource requirements, our approach observes resource usage and promotes well-used resources. Following this approach, we have developed an inherently robust meta-scheduler, COBalD, for managing diverse, heterogeneous resources given unpredictable resource requirements. This paper explains the key concepts of our approach, and discusses the benefits and limitations of our new approach to dynamic resource provisioning compared to previous approaches.
9

Giordano, Domenico, Jean-Michel Barbet, Tommaso Boccali, Gonzalo Menéndez Borge, Christopher Hollowell, Vincenzo Innocente, Walter Lampl, et al. "HEPScore: A new CPU benchmark for the WLCG." EPJ Web of Conferences 295 (2024): 07024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429507024.

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HEPScore is a new CPU benchmark created to replace the HEPSPEC06 benchmark that is currently used by the WLCG for procurement, computing resource pledges, usage accounting and performance studies. The development of the new benchmark, based on HEP applications or workloads, has involved many contributions from software developers, data analysts, experts of the experiments, representatives of several WLCG computing centres and WLCG site managers. In this contribution, we review the selection of workloads and the validation of the new HEPScore benchmark.
10

Babik, Marian, Martin Bly, Nick Buraglio, Tim Chown, Dimitrios Christidis, Jiri Chudoba, Phil DeMar, et al. "Overcoming obstacles to IPv6 on WLCG." EPJ Web of Conferences 295 (2024): 07036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429507036.

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The transition of the Worldwide Large Hadron Collider Computing Grid (WLCG) storage services to dual-stack IPv6/IPv4 is almost complete; all Tier-1 and 94% of Tier-2 storage are IPv6 enabled. While most data transfers now use IPv6, a significant number of IPv4 transfers still occur even when both endpoints support IPv6. This paper presents the ongoing efforts of the HEPiX IPv6 working group to steer WLCG toward IPv6-only services by investigating and fixing the obstacles to the use of IPv6 and identifying cases where IPv4 is used when IPv6 is available. Removing IPv4 use is essential for the long-term agreed goal of IPv6-only access to resources within WLCG, thus eliminating the complexity and security concerns associated with dual-stack services. We present our achievements and ongoing challenges as we navigate the final stages of the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 within WLCG.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WLCG":

1

Chuchuk, Olga. "Optimisation de l'accès aux données au CERN et dans la Grille de calcul mondiale pour le LHC (WLCG)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4005.

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La Grille de calcul mondiale pour le LHC (WLCG) offre une infrastructure informatique distribuée considérable dédiée à la communauté scientifique impliquée dans le Grand Collisionneur de Hadrons (LHC) du CERN. Avec un stockage total d'environ un exaoctet, le WLCG répond aux besoins de traitement et de stockage des données de milliers de scientifiques internationaux. À mesure que la phase du High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) approche, le volume de données à analyser augmentera considérablement, dépassant les gains attendus grâce à l'avancement de la technologie de stockage. Par conséquent, de nouvelles approches pour un accès et une gestion efficaces des données, telles que les caches, deviennent essentielles. Cette thèse se plonge dans une exploration exhaustive de l'accès au stockage au sein du WLCG, dans le but d'améliorer le débit scientifique global tout en limitant les coûts. Au cœur de cette recherche se trouve l'analyse des journaux d'accès aux fichiers réels provenant du système de surveillance du WLCG, mettant en évidence les véritables schémas d'utilisation.Dans un contexte scientifique, la mise en cache a des implications profondes. Contrairement à des applications plus commerciales telles que la diffusion de vidéos, les caches de données scientifiques traitent des tailles de fichiers variables, allant de quelques octets à plusieurs téraoctets. De plus, les associations logiques inhérentes entre les fichiers influencent considérablement les schémas d'accès des utilisateurs. La recherche traditionnelle sur la mise en cache s'est principalement concentrée sur des tailles de fichiers uniformes et des modèles de référence indépendants. Au contraire, les charges de travail scientifiques rencontrent des variations de taille de fichier, et les interconnexions logiques entre les fichiers influencent de manière significative les schémas d'accès des utilisateurs.Mes investigations montrent comment l'organisation hiérarchique des données du LHC, en particulier leur compartimentation en "datasets", influence les schémas de demande. Reconnaissant cette opportunité, j'introduis des algorithmes de mise en cache innovants qui mettent l'accent sur la connaissance spécifique des datasets et je compare leur efficacité avec les stratégies traditionnelles axées sur les fichiers. De plus, mes découvertes mettent en évidence le phénomène des "hits retardés" déclenché par une connectivité limitée entre les sites de calcul et de stockage, mettant en lumière ses répercussions potentielles sur l'efficacité de la mise en cache.Reconnaissant le défi de longue date que représente la prédiction de la Popularité des Données dans la communauté de la Physique des Hautes Énergies (PHE), en particulier avec les énigmes de stockage à l'approche de l'ère du HL-LHC, ma recherche intègre des outils de Machine Learning (ML). Plus précisément, j'utilise l'algorithme Random Forest, connu pour sa pertinence dans le traitement des Big Data. En utilisant le ML pour prédire les futurs schémas de réutilisation des fichiers, je présente une méthode en deux étapes pour informer les politiques d'éviction de cache. Cette stratégie combine la puissance de l'analyse prédictive et des algorithmes établis d'éviction de cache, créant ainsi un système de mise en cache plus résilient pour le WLCG.En conclusion, cette recherche souligne l'importance de services de stockage robustes, suggérant une orientation vers des caches sans état pour les petits sites afin d'alléger les exigences complexes de gestion de stockage et d'ouvrir la voie à un niveau supplémentaire dans la hiérarchie de stockage. À travers cette thèse, je vise à naviguer à travers les défis et les complexités du stockage et de la récupération de données, élaborant des méthodes plus efficaces qui résonnent avec les besoins évolutifs du WLCG et de sa communauté mondiale
The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) offers an extensive distributed computing infrastructure dedicated to the scientific community involved with CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). With storage that totals roughly an exabyte, the WLCG addresses the data processing and storage requirements of thousands of international scientists. As the High-Luminosity LHC phase approaches, the volume of data to be analysed will increase steeply, outpacing the expected gain through the advancement of storage technology. Therefore, new approaches to effective data access and management, such as caches, become essential. This thesis delves into a comprehensive exploration of storage access within the WLCG, aiming to enhance the aggregate science throughput while limiting the cost. Central to this research is the analysis of real file access logs sourced from the WLCG monitoring system, highlighting genuine usage patterns.In a scientific setting, caching has profound implications. Unlike more commercial applications such as video streaming, scientific data caches deal with varying file sizes—from a mere few bytes to multiple terabytes. Moreover, the inherent logical associations between files considerably influence user access patterns. Traditional caching research has predominantly revolved around uniform file sizes and independent reference models. Contrarily, scientific workloads encounter variances in file sizes, and logical file interconnections significantly influence user access patterns.My investigations show how LHC's hierarchical data organization, particularly its compartmentalization into datasets, impacts request patterns. Recognizing the opportunity, I introduce innovative caching policies that emphasize dataset-specific knowledge, and compare their effectiveness with traditional file-centric strategies. Furthermore, my findings underscore the "delayed hits" phenomenon triggered by limited connectivity between computing and storage locales, shedding light on its potential repercussions for caching efficiency.Acknowledging the long-standing challenge of predicting Data Popularity in the High Energy Physics (HEP) community, especially with the upcoming HL-LHC era's storage conundrums, my research integrates Machine Learning (ML) tools. Specifically, I employ the Random Forest algorithm, known for its suitability with Big Data. By harnessing ML to predict future file reuse patterns, I present a dual-stage method to inform cache eviction policies. This strategy combines the power of predictive analytics and established cache eviction algorithms, thereby devising a more resilient caching system for the WLCG. In conclusion, this research underscores the significance of robust storage services, suggesting a direction towards stateless caches for smaller sites to alleviate complex storage management requirements and open the path to an additional level in the storage hierarchy. Through this thesis, I aim to navigate the challenges and complexities of data storage and retrieval, crafting more efficient methods that resonate with the evolving needs of the WLCG and its global community
2

Huang, Yuan. "Workload control (WLC) : success in practice." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578264.

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Workload Control (WLC) is one of few Production Planning & Control (PPC) solutions appropriate for Make- To-Order (MTO) companies and Small & Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs), yet its successful implementation remains an enduring challenge. Much research attention has focused on developing the concept in a theoretical or simulation context; relatively little has focused on implementing the concept in practice, and more empirical evidence is needed on successful implementations. Of the few successful WLC implementations which have been published previously, the focus has been on the result of implementation while the process of implementation itself is still a 'black box'. Where more detail on the implementation process has been given in previous studies, evidence of effectiveness in practice has not been provided. To address this research gap, this thesis presents a successful implementation of a comprehensive WLC approach through action research; this is the first study which demonstrates the impact of WLC on performance in practice alongside a detailed account of the implementation process. Performance improvements observed include: reduced lead times; improvements in lateness and tardiness; reduced costs; improved internal and external co-ordination; and higher quality. In addition to details of this successful implementation, a wider body of evidence on the characteristics of MTO SMEs that affect WLC implementation has been obtained through a survey of 41 companies using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. This compensates for the limitation of a single case and adds an element of generality to the research findings. Thus, a generalised set of WLC specific implementation issues and an implementation strategy for the widespread adoption of WLC in practice has been developed.
3

Hutchison, Claire. "Cloning and characterisation of WLC1, a gene that affects flowering time in Arabidopsis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323245.

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4

Ornstein, Erika, and Carolina Josefsson. "An adaptation of the WLC approach for a make-to-order company with long lead times." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148796.

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Make-to-order and engineer-to-order companies often have few standard products and a demand that is hard to predict. To get orders the company gives quotations and competes for the customers. This thesis aims to identify the factors contribution to the lead time uncertainty at make-to-order companies and then to suggest a methodology to handle or eliminate some of these factors. A case study was conducted at a medium sized company with a combined make-to-order and engineer-to-order manual production system. The company has long lead times in the order process as well as the assembly process. The lead times for the case company are measured in weeks rather than minutes, hours or days. Information was collected during a three month period through interviews with the employees, attendance in meeting and observations at the shop floor. The information was structured and analyzed using for example anity diagrams, inter-relationship digraphs and a mini risk assessment. A solution was chosen through a matrix diagram, comparing different possible solutions in relation to the identified factors. The investigation showed that the problem area of quoting delivery dates was a significant problem. There is a tendency to give quotations for more than what would be possible to produce, to make sure the company get enough orders. This strategy induce uncertainty to the quoted lead times, since more quotations than what is possible might get accepted and the orders then have to wait for others to be completed. The long lead times further increase the problem, since the impact from the quotation phase is not visible until months later. Many times the company end up with too many orders to full and a stressful environment on the shop floor. The proposed improvements are based on the workload control approach and the two decision points; Customer Enquiry & Order stage and the Job Release stage. The goal is for the company to be able to make well informed and motivated planning decisions where priorities are applied in a systematic way. Focus should therefore be on improving the communication between departments. One important step is visualising the capacity utilisation when looking for a new delivery date. The quoted orders should be taken into account since they imply a contingent demand and use of capacity. The expected outcome of the methodology is that the quoted lead times will be more accurate and the company will have better means to deliver on time.
Företag som jobbar enligt tillverkning-mot-order och utveckling-mot-order har ofta få standardprodukter och en efterfragan som är svår att forutsäga. För att fåbeställningar skickar företaget offerter och konkurrerar om kunderna. Uppsatsen syftar till att identiera de faktorer som bidrar till osäkerhet i ledtiden hos tillverkning-mot-order-företag och sedan föreslå en metod för att hantera eller eliminera några av dessa faktorer. En fallstudie genomfördes på ett medelstort finmekanikföretag som kombinerar tillverkning-mot-order och utveckling-mot-order i ett manuellt produktionssystem. Företaget har långa ledtider i både orderprocessen och monteringen. Ledtiderna hos företaget mäts i veckor snarare än minuter, timmar eller dagar. Information samlades in under en tremånadersperiod genom intervjuer med de anställda, närvaro på möten och observationer av monteringen. Informationen strukturerades och analyserades med hjälp av till exempel släktskapsdiagram, relationsdiagram och en miniriskanalys. En lösning valdes genom ett matrisdiagram, som jämför olika möjliga lösningar i förhållande till de identifierade faktorerna. Undersökningen visade att offereringen av leveranstider var ett betydande problem. Det finns en tendens att offerera mer än vad som skulle vara möjligt att producera, för att se till att företaget får tillräckligt med beställningar. Denna strategi orsakar osäkerhet i de ledtider som offereras, eftersom fler offerter än vad som är mojligt kan accepteras och beställningar får sedan vänta på att andra ska bli klara. De långa ledtiderna ökar problemet ytterligare, eftersom effekterna från offertfasen inte märks förrän månader senare. Många gånger resulterar det i att företaget har allt för många beställningar att jobba med och en stressig miljö i monteringen. De föreslagna förbättringarna bygger på arbetsbelastningskontroll, med beslutspunkter vid kundförfrågan & beställning samt orderstart i montering. Målet är att företaget ska kunna göra väl underbyggda och motiverade planeringsbeslut där prioriteringar tillämpas på ett systematiskt sätt. Fokus bör därför ligga på att förbättra kommunikationen mellan avdelningarna. Ett viktigt steg är att visualisera kapacitetsutnyttjandet när vi letar efter ett nytt leveransdatum. Även de offerter som skickats ut men ännu inte accepterats bör beaktas eftersom de innebär en eventuell efterfrågan och användning av kapaciteten. Det förväntade resultatet av metoden är att de offererade ledtiderna kommer att vara mer exakt och bolaget kommer att ha bättre möjligheter att leverera i tid.
5

Martinazzo, Davide. "VALUTAZIONE DEI PARAMETRI E DELLE LOGICHE DI FUNZIONAMENTO DEL WORKLOAD CONTROL (WLC) TRAMITE SIMULAZIONE DI UN SISTEMA PRODUTTIVO COMPLESSO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422851.

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The aim of this thesis is to deepening the knowledge of the Production Planning and Control System known as Workload Control (WLC). It is commonly recognized that production management techniques such as Just-In-Time (JIT) are not easy to apply in highly complex production environment with low repetitive operations and a very high product variety. In the late '70s, in many countries, researchers have begun to develop and implement methods for order release control, known as ORR systems (Order Review and Release). These methods try to limit the work-in-process level avoiding the need of complex and expensive scheduling software. Although the WLC has been developed since the early 80s, only a handful of successful case studies have been reported so far. This thesis aims to achieve the following objectives: • deepen the theoretical knowledge of some methods and rules that are part of the WLC model applied in a complex system, considering the whole product structure and routings, material flow and distribution of customer orders arrivals. • evaluate the effect and the interaction of various operating parameters and different methods defined within the WLC model on a number of operational performance indicators. • To test the performance of a new order release method that is part of load balancing category. This work, through a simulation approach, examines the parameters which make up the WLC method in an existing manufacturing job shop. The simulation approach allows to test some methods and to change these methods and the parameters’ values without intervening directly in the company. The uniqueness and value of this thesis comes from the complexity of the model developed, which reproduces very closely the manufacturing structure. The size of the experimental plan developed, in terms of number of factors and levels is a further value element. The extension of the experimental plan makes it possible to assess the effects and interactions of many parameters which make up the WLC model. The analysis of experimental data and further analysis of relevant scientific literature, helped to deepen the theoretical knowledge and operational issues concerning the implementation of Workload Control in a complex manufacturing system and identify some possible levers of intervention. Some results depart significantly from those discussed in the literature. This fact is mainly related to the complexity and the likelihood of its model, which is clearly different from those “theoretical” used in simulation studies.
La tesi ha come obiettivo l’approfondimento del sistema di pianificazione e controllo della produzione noto come Workload Control (WLC). Da tempo infatti è stata riconosciuta l’idea che tecniche di gestione della produzione come il Just-In-Time (JIT) non sono di facile applicazione in ambienti fortemente complessi con produzione poco ripetitiva e molto estesa in termini di varietà offerta al cliente. Alla fine degli anni ‘70, in più parti del mondo, i ricercatori hanno iniziato a sviluppare ed implementare alcuni metodi per il rilascio controllato degli ordini, noti come ORR systems (Order Review and Release), che consentissero di limitare il work-in-process in produzione ottenendo un reparto snello, prescindendo dall’utilizzo di complessi e costosi software per schedulazione. Benché il WLC sia stato sviluppato a partire dai primi anni ‘80, fin ora sono state riportate solamente una manciata di casi applicativi di successo. Il progetto di ricerca condotto ha permesso il raggiungimento dei seguenti obiettivi:  approfondire le conoscenze teoriche di funzionamento di alcuni metodi e regole facenti parte del modello WLC in un sistema complesso, considerando integralmente la struttura di prodotto e dei cicli tecnologici, dei flussi di materiali e la distribuzione degli ordini cliente.  valutare l‘effetto e l‘interazione dei vari parametri di funzionamento e delle differenti logiche di WLC definiti all‘interno del modello proposto su alcuni indicatori di prestazione operativi.  Testare le prestazioni di un nuovo metodo di rilascio degli ordini facente parte della categoria del load balancing. Il lavoro di tesi, attraverso un approccio simulativo, esamina i parametri costituenti il metodo WLC in un ambiente manifatturiero esistente di tipo job shop operante con logica to-order. L‘approccio simulativo consente in primo luogo di testare alcune logiche e in secondo luogo di variare tali logiche e i valori dei parametri di funzionamento del modello senza intervenire direttamente in azienda. L‘unicità ed il valore del lavoro di tesi deriva dalla complessità del modello adottato, che riproduce molto fedelmente quello aziendale. Le dimensioni del piano sperimentale sviluppato, in termini di numerosità dei fattori e dei livelli considerati costituisce un ulteriore elemento di pregio. L‘estensione del piano sperimentale consente infatti di valutare gli effetti e le interazioni di molti dei parametri costituenti il modello WLC. Le analisi dei dati sperimentali, nonché un’ulteriore analisi della letteratura scientifica di riferimento, hanno permesso di approfondire le conoscenze teoriche e le problematiche di funzionamento inerenti l’implementazione del Workload Control all’interno di un sistema manifatturiero complesso, e di individuare alcune possibili leve di intervento. Alcuni risultati si discostano fortemente da quanto presente in letteratura; questo fatto è principalmente legato alla complessità e alle verosimiglianza del modello impiegato, che si distingue nettamente da quelli stilizzati di sovente impiegati nelle ricerche di carattere simulativo
6

Nunes, da Silva Ramos Filipe José. "Identification of Suitable Areas for Offshore Macroalgae Cultivation." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-243911.

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Research in sustainable macroalgae aquaculture has been gaining hype (e.g. Seafarm) to provide advancements in new significant sources of food, feed, materials and bio-energy. Despite the fact that in Asia the offshore production of macroalgae is established for many decades, in Europe is still in its infancy. The issue on where to find suitable cultivation areas without conflicting with current uses to respect the environment and the socio-economic activities is a great challenge. This Master of Science thesis aimed to find suitable offshore areas in order to facilitate implementations of macroalgae cultivations in the Swedish West Coast. Thirteen criteria in environmental, economic and social sustainability aspects were identified and employed (e.g. Depth, Distance to Ports, and Natural and Preserved areas (NPAs)), and the tools Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA) were used in the form of GIS-MCDA, an integrated method available in Idrisi. To aggregate the criteria, Boolean and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) techniques were applied. The results showed that Boolean areas cover 537 km2 (6,98% of the study area). The best suitable areas, possessing the maximum suitability index 10, that resulted from two WLC models comprise 5 km2 (0,07% of the study area) and 26 km2 (0,34% of the study area) including and excluding the criterion NPAs as constraint, respectively. The results further indicated that GIS-MCDA models excelled in providing an overview for effective spatial decision-making. Both techniques play a role in suitability analysis and complement each other in finding an optimal site which could be carefully selected out of the identified areas. It is recommended that areas with a suitability index 10 be chosen inside Boolean suitable areas. Moreover, this study could act as a driving force to build a resilient planning framework that would boost sustainable placement and development of offshore macroalgae cultivations.
7

Corti, Fabio. "Introduzione di un sistema di accesso wireless distribuito a gestione centralizzata in ambiente di tipo Enterprise o Campus." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7143/.

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Abstract:
Nata dal progetto di migrazione, in un ambiente consolidato, di una infrastruttura Wireless distribuita su territorio all'interno di una MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), si cerca di illustrare quali sono i passi fondamentali da seguire e con cosa ci si deve misurare per progettare una soluzione funzionale ed elaborare una strategia avendo a che fare con architetture complesse, dove la messa in esercizio di un servizio offerto ad un numero elevato di utenti prevede uno studio ben preciso delle attività da svolgere. Un'attenta analisi, ci consentirà di seguire e riadattare le scelte implementative in funzione delle esigenze infrastrutturali, illustrandone le difficoltà, gli imprevisti e le modifiche intraprese passo passo. Gli argomenti trattati tendono a far comprendere con quali problematiche si ha a che fare nella fase implementativa passando dalla fase di analisi a quella decisionale, quella di migrazione architetturale e di installazione, oltre che alla scelta delle componenti e delle tecnologie specifiche che, prima di essere portate a regime, devono essere sottoposte agli opportuni test per la comprensione/risoluzione di problematiche complesse; come le operazioni necessarie per operare con una efficace metodologia.
8

Aktug, Onur. "An Agent-based Order Review And Release System In Make-to-order Production." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605611/index.pdf.

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Abstract:
Workload control (WLC) systems constitute a framework mainly for the inputoutput control systems which regulate both jobs&rsquo
queues into the workshop and the flow of finished goods out of the workshop. This study is concerned with the job entry and release level of WLC which maintains a pool of unreleased jobs for the controlled release of jobs. While most of the studies in WLC concepts deal with the centralized workload control, our study decentralizes the job entry and release control and makes workstations more powerful in schedule decision making. Job&rsquo
s information is sent to the workstations by mediator which is the supervisor of the workstation. Both mediator and work stations are represented by agents in a distributed system. Jobs&rsquo
routing information is assumed to be known in advance. The developed system is verified and validated by means of test runs. Results are analyzed as well.
9

Pool, Maag Silvia. "Berufsintegration unter sonderpädagogischer Perspektive : förderorientiertes Coaching von Jugendlichen am Übergang Schule-Beruf /." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.dissertationen.unizh.ch/show_results.php?func=find-c&local_base=hoch&ccl_term=WRD%3Dpool+berufsintegration&sc1=WRD&sr1=pool+berufsintegration&filter_code_1=WLC&filter_request_1=uni-zh+AND+wft%3Delektron+daten+fernzugriff.

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Bailer, Titus. "Hochbegabte Kinder und Jugendliche mit einer Hörschädigung /." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.dissertationen.unizh.ch/show_results.php?func=find-c&local_base=hoch&ccl_term=WRD%3Dbailer+titus&sc1=WRD&sr1=bailer+titus&filter_code_1=WLC&filter_request_1=uni-zh+AND+wft%3Delektron+daten+fernzugriff.

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Books on the topic "WLCG":

1

International Workshop on Liquid Crystalline Polymers (1993 Capri, Italy). Liquid crystalline polymers: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Liquid Crystalline Polymers, WLCP 93, Capri, Italy, June 1-4, 1993. Oxford, England: Pergamon, 1994.

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Sion, Radu. Financial Cryptography and Data Security: FC 2010 Workshops, RLCPS, WECSR, and WLC 2010, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, January 25-28, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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3

Hoffmann, Frank W. Wlcx Weekly Music Charts: 1960 - 1977. Independently Published, 2019.

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WLC: Women leaders of Colorado. Denver, Colo: Western Images Publications, 1991.

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Ollier-Malaterre, Ariane. Cross-National Work–Life Research. Edited by Tammy D. Allen and Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.18.

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This chapter reviews comparative research regarding individuals’ work–life experiences. It summarizes current knowledge on how culture (e.g., individualism/collectivism, gender egalitarianism, humane orientation), institutions (e.g., public policy and provisions, family structures), and the economy (e.g., stage of development, unemployment rates) at the country level impact work–life conflict (WLC), work–life enrichment, work–life balance, and boundary management. More research has focused on cultural than on institutional or economic factors, and only WLC has been truly investigated empirically. Studies show that (1) work and family demands, respectively, are associated with greater work-to-family and family-to-work conflict in individualistic than in collectivistic cultures; (2) in less egalitarian cultures, women experience greater family-to-work conflict and lower work-to-family conflict than do men; (3) there are fewer differences between WLC perceived by men and WLC perceived by women in more egalitarian cultures; (4) except for sick leave regulations, public policies alone seem to have little alleviating effect on WLC; and (5) family structures and domestic help are associated with WLC.
6

Kids, PI. Little Sound Book Potty Time with Elmo WLG. Phoenix International Publications, Incorporated, 2021.

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Koran, Frantisek, and Jan Mostek. Harley-Davidson Soldiers in Detail. Wings & Wheels Publications, 2005.

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Carfagna, C. Liquid Crystalline Polymers: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Liquid Crystalline Polymers, WLCP 93, Capri, Italy, June 1-4 1993. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2013.

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Miret, Josep M., Sven Dietrich, Radu Sion, Aggelos Kiayias, and Reza Curtmola. Financial Cryptography and Data Security: FC 2010 Workshops, RLCPS, WECSR, and WLC 2010, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, January 25-28, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "WLCG":

1

Adeel-ur-Rehman, Sajjad Asghar, and Usman Ahmad Malik. "WLCG Node in Pakistan – Challenges & Experiences." In Managed Grids and Cloud Systems in the Asia-Pacific Research Community, 55–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6469-4_3.

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Farcas, F., and G. Popeneciu. "Toward a High Performance Grid Site RO-14-ITIM and the Contribution to WLCG." In Technological Developments in Networking, Education and Automation, 609–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9151-2_106.

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Bonacorsi, D., and O. Gutsche. "From the CMS Computing Experience in the WLCG STEP’09 Challenge to the First Data Taking of the LHC Era." In Data Driven e-Science, 357–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8014-4_28.

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Miret, Josep M., and Francesc Sebé. "WLC Preface." In Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14992-4_1.

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Milstein, Joshua N., and Jens-Christian Meiners. "Worm-Like Chain (WLC) Model." In Encyclopedia of Biophysics, 2757–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_502.

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Tzanakakis, Konstantinos. "LCC and WLC (Whole Life Costing)." In Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic, 305–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36051-0_40.

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Dijkstra, Edsger W. "WLOG, or the misery of the unordered pair (EWD1223)." In Mathematical Methods in Program Development, 33–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60858-2_9.

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March, Chris. "Whole life costing (WLC) and life cycle assessment (LCA)." In Construction Management, 100–112. Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2017. |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315528175-9.

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Fernandes, N. O., and S. Carmo-Silva. "A Simulation Study of Workload Accounting Methods for WLC." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 270–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16402-6_29.

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Chen, Zhixiong, Leixin Zhi, Peiru Chen, and Lei Zhang. "Simulation Analysis of PLC/WLC Hybrid Communication with Traffic Model." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 278–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78609-0_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "WLCG":

1

Adamová, Dagmar, Alexandr Mikula, Martin Adam, Jiří Chudoba, Petr Vokáč, and Jana Uhlířová. "The contribution of the WLCG Tier-2 site in Prague to the global WLCG operations." In The Ninth Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.397.0233.

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Crooks, David, and Liviu Vâlsan. "WLCG Security Operations Centres Working Group." In International Symposium on Grids and Clouds (ISGC) 2017. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.293.0025.

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Meoni, Marco. "Beyond Batch Computing on the WLCG Grid." In 2011 12th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing (GRID). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/grid.2011.34.

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De Witt, Shaun, and Andrew Lahiff. "An Analysis of Data Access Methods within WLCG." In International Symposium on Grids and Clouds 2015. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.239.0020.

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Appleyard, Robert, James H. Adams, and Shaun De Witt. "First Experiences with CEPH on the WLCG Grid." In International Symposium on Grids and Clouds (ISGC) 2014. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.210.0037.

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Kiryanov, Andrey, Alexei Klimentov, Xavier Espinal, and Andrey Zarochentsev. "Russian academic institutes participation in WLCG DataLake project." In International Symposium on Grids & Clouds 2019. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.351.0002.

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Kashunin, I., V. Mitsyn, and T. Strizh. "JINR WLCG TIER1 & TIER2/CICC ACCOUNTING SYSTEM." In 9th International Conference "Distributed Computing and Grid Technologies in Science and Education". Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54546/mlit.2021.23.36.001.

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The problem of evaluating the efficiency of the JINR MLIT grid sites has always been topical. At thebeginning of 2021, a new accounting system was created, it managed to fully cover the functionalityof the previous system and further expand it. The article provides detailed information on theimplemented accounting system.
8

Ciubancan, Mihai, Teodor Ivanoaica, and Mihnea Dulea. "New developments of the WLCG site at IFIN-HH." In 2015 Conference Grid, Cloud & High Performance Computing in Science (ROLCG). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rolcg.2015.7367426.

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JUNG, Christopher, Andreas Petzold, and Marian Zvada. "Experiment representation at the WLCG Tier-1 center GridKa." In EGI Community Forum 2012 / EMI Second Technical Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.162.0032.

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Sciaba', Andrea, Stefano Belforte, Alessandra Fanfani, Ian Fisk, Josè Flix Molina, Jose Hernandez, Jukka Klem, et al. "The commissioning of CMS computing centres in the WLCG Grid." In XII Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.070.0043.

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Reports on the topic "WLCG":

1

Millar, Paul, Andrea Ceccanti, Fabrizio Furano, Dmitry Litvintsev, Brian Paul Bockelman, and Alessandra Forti. Third-party transfers in WLCG using HTTP. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1633093.

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Yang, Wei. Xrootd Thirty Party Copy for WLCG and HL-LHC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1633095.

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